1
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Aiello CD, Abendroth JM, Abbas M, Afanasev A, Agarwal S, Banerjee AS, Beratan DN, Belling JN, Berche B, Botana A, Caram JR, Celardo GL, Cuniberti G, Garcia-Etxarri A, Dianat A, Diez-Perez I, Guo Y, Gutierrez R, Herrmann C, Hihath J, Kale S, Kurian P, Lai YC, Liu T, Lopez A, Medina E, Mujica V, Naaman R, Noormandipour M, Palma JL, Paltiel Y, Petuskey W, Ribeiro-Silva JC, Saenz JJ, Santos EJG, Solyanik-Gorgone M, Sorger VJ, Stemer DM, Ugalde JM, Valdes-Curiel A, Varela S, Waldeck DH, Wasielewski MR, Weiss PS, Zacharias H, Wang QH. A Chirality-Based Quantum Leap. ACS NANO 2022; 16:4989-5035. [PMID: 35318848 PMCID: PMC9278663 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c01347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
There is increasing interest in the study of chiral degrees of freedom occurring in matter and in electromagnetic fields. Opportunities in quantum sciences will likely exploit two main areas that are the focus of this Review: (1) recent observations of the chiral-induced spin selectivity (CISS) effect in chiral molecules and engineered nanomaterials and (2) rapidly evolving nanophotonic strategies designed to amplify chiral light-matter interactions. On the one hand, the CISS effect underpins the observation that charge transport through nanoscopic chiral structures favors a particular electronic spin orientation, resulting in large room-temperature spin polarizations. Observations of the CISS effect suggest opportunities for spin control and for the design and fabrication of room-temperature quantum devices from the bottom up, with atomic-scale precision and molecular modularity. On the other hand, chiral-optical effects that depend on both spin- and orbital-angular momentum of photons could offer key advantages in all-optical and quantum information technologies. In particular, amplification of these chiral light-matter interactions using rationally designed plasmonic and dielectric nanomaterials provide approaches to manipulate light intensity, polarization, and phase in confined nanoscale geometries. Any technology that relies on optimal charge transport, or optical control and readout, including quantum devices for logic, sensing, and storage, may benefit from chiral quantum properties. These properties can be theoretically and experimentally investigated from a quantum information perspective, which has not yet been fully developed. There are uncharted implications for the quantum sciences once chiral couplings can be engineered to control the storage, transduction, and manipulation of quantum information. This forward-looking Review provides a survey of the experimental and theoretical fundamentals of chiral-influenced quantum effects and presents a vision for their possible future roles in enabling room-temperature quantum technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarice D. Aiello
- California
NanoSystems Institute, University of California,
Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - John M. Abendroth
- Laboratory
for Solid State Physics, ETH Zürich, Zürich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Muneer Abbas
- Department
of Microbiology, Howard University, Washington, D.C. 20059, United States
| | - Andrei Afanasev
- Department
of Physics, George Washington University, Washington, D.C. 20052, United States
| | - Shivang Agarwal
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Amartya S. Banerjee
- California
NanoSystems Institute, University of California,
Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - David N. Beratan
- Departments
of Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Physics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Jason N. Belling
- California
NanoSystems Institute, University of California,
Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Bertrand Berche
- Laboratoire
de Physique et Chimie Théoriques, UMR Université de Lorraine-CNRS, 7019 54506 Vandœuvre les
Nancy, France
| | - Antia Botana
- Department
of Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Justin R. Caram
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Giuseppe Luca Celardo
- Institute
of Physics, Benemerita Universidad Autonoma
de Puebla, Apartado Postal J-48, 72570, Mexico
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University of
Florence, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Gianaurelio Cuniberti
- Institute
for Materials Science and Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, Dresden University of Technology, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Aitzol Garcia-Etxarri
- Donostia
International Physics Center, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, 20018 Donostia, San Sebastian, Spain
- IKERBASQUE,
Basque Foundation for Science, Maria Diaz de Haro 3, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Arezoo Dianat
- Institute
for Materials Science and Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, Dresden University of Technology, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Ismael Diez-Perez
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Mathematical Sciences, King’s College London, 7 Trinity Street, London SE1 1DB, United Kingdom
| | - Yuqi Guo
- School
for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Rafael Gutierrez
- Institute
for Materials Science and Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, Dresden University of Technology, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Carmen Herrmann
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Hamburg, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Joshua Hihath
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Suneet Kale
- School
of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Philip Kurian
- Quantum
Biology Laboratory, Graduate School, Howard
University, Washington, D.C. 20059, United States
| | - Ying-Cheng Lai
- School
of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Tianhan Liu
- California
NanoSystems Institute, University of California,
Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Alexander Lopez
- Escuela
Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Campus Gustavo Galindo Km. 30.5 Vía Perimetral, PO Box 09-01-5863, Guayaquil 090902, Ecuador
| | - Ernesto Medina
- Departamento
de Física, Colegio de Ciencias e Ingeniería, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Av. Diego de Robles
y Vía Interoceánica, Quito 170901, Ecuador
| | - Vladimiro Mujica
- School
of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
- Kimika
Fakultatea, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea, 20080 Donostia, Euskadi, Spain
| | - Ron Naaman
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann
Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Mohammadreza Noormandipour
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- TCM Group,
Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J.J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Julio L. Palma
- Department
of Chemistry, Pennsylvania State University, Lemont Furnace, Pennsylvania 15456, United States
| | - Yossi Paltiel
- Applied
Physics Department and the Center for Nano-Science and Nano-Technology, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - William Petuskey
- School
of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - João Carlos Ribeiro-Silva
- Laboratory
of Genetics and Molecular Cardiology, Heart Institute, University of São Paulo Medical School, 05508-900 São
Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juan José Saenz
- Donostia
International Physics Center, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, 20018 Donostia, San Sebastian, Spain
- IKERBASQUE,
Basque Foundation for Science, Maria Diaz de Haro 3, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Elton J. G. Santos
- Institute
for Condensed Matter Physics and Complex Systems, School of Physics
and Astronomy, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, United Kingdom
- Higgs Centre
for Theoretical Physics, The University
of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FD, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Solyanik-Gorgone
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, George Washington University, Washington, D.C. 20052, United States
| | - Volker J. Sorger
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, George Washington University, Washington, D.C. 20052, United States
| | - Dominik M. Stemer
- California
NanoSystems Institute, University of California,
Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Jesus M. Ugalde
- Kimika
Fakultatea, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea, 20080 Donostia, Euskadi, Spain
| | - Ana Valdes-Curiel
- California
NanoSystems Institute, University of California,
Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Solmar Varela
- School
of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Yachay
Tech University, 100119 Urcuquí, Ecuador
| | - David H. Waldeck
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Michael R. Wasielewski
- Department
of Chemistry, Center for Molecular Quantum Transduction, and Institute
for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Paul S. Weiss
- California
NanoSystems Institute, University of California,
Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department
of Bioengineering, University of California,
Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, 90095, United States
| | - Helmut Zacharias
- Center
for Soft Nanoscience, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Qing Hua Wang
- School
for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
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2
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Kawai K, Maruyama A. Kinetics of Photoinduced Reactions at the Single‐Molecule Level: The KACB Method. Chemistry 2020; 26:7740-7746. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202000439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kiyohiko Kawai
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (SANKEN)Osaka University Mihogaoka 8-1 Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047 Japan
| | - Atsushi Maruyama
- Department of Life Science and TechnologyTokyo Institute of Technology 4259 B-57 Nagatsuta Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8501 Japan
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3
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Ferapontova EE. Electron Transfer in DNA at Electrified Interfaces. Chem Asian J 2019; 14:3773-3781. [PMID: 31545875 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201901024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The ability of the DNA double helix to transport electrons underlies many life-centered biological processes and bio-electronic applications. However, there is little consensus on how efficiently the base pair π-stacks of DNA mediate electron transport. This minireview scrutinizes the current state-of-the-art knowledge on electron transfer (ET) properties of DNA and its long-range ability to transfer (mediate) electrical signals at electrified interfaces, without being oxidized or reduced. Complex changes an electric field induces in the DNA structure and its electronic properties govern the efficiency of DNA-mediated ET at electrodes and allow addressing the existing phenomenological riddles, while recently discovered rectifying properties of DNA contribute both to our understanding of DNA's ET in living systems and to advances in molecular bioelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena E Ferapontova
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Science and Technology, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 1590-14, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
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4
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Miro P, Gomez-Mendoza M, Sastre G, Cuquerella MC, Miranda MA, Marin ML. Generation of the Thymine Triplet State by Through-Bond Energy Transfer. Chemistry 2019; 25:7004-7011. [PMID: 30920069 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201900830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Benzophenone (BP) and drugs containing the BP chromophore, such as the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug ketoprofen, have been widely reported as DNA photosensitizers through triplet-triplet energy transfer (TTET). In the present work, a direct spectroscopic fingerprint for the formation of the thymine triplet (3 Thy*) by through-bond (TB) TTET from 3 BP* has been uncovered. This has been achieved in two new systems that have been designed and synthesized with one BP and one thymine (Thy) covalently linked to the two ends of the rigid skeleton of the natural bile acids cholic and lithocholic acid. The results shown here prove that it is possible to achieve triplet energy transfer to a Thy unit even when the photosensitizer is at a long (nonbonding) distance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Miro
- Instituto de Tecnología Química, Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior, de Investigaciones Científicas, Avenida de los Naranjos s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Miguel Gomez-Mendoza
- Instituto de Tecnología Química, Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior, de Investigaciones Científicas, Avenida de los Naranjos s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
- Present address: Photoactivated Processes Unit, IMDEA Energy Institute, Avda Ramon de la Sagra 3, 28935 Mostoles, Madrid, Spain
| | - Germán Sastre
- Instituto de Tecnología Química, Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior, de Investigaciones Científicas, Avenida de los Naranjos s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - M Consuelo Cuquerella
- Instituto de Tecnología Química, Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior, de Investigaciones Científicas, Avenida de los Naranjos s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Miguel A Miranda
- Instituto de Tecnología Química, Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior, de Investigaciones Científicas, Avenida de los Naranjos s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - M Luisa Marin
- Instituto de Tecnología Química, Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior, de Investigaciones Científicas, Avenida de los Naranjos s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
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5
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Cristofalo M, Kovari D, Corti R, Salerno D, Cassina V, Dunlap D, Mantegazza F. Nanomechanics of Diaminopurine-Substituted DNA. Biophys J 2019; 116:760-771. [PMID: 30795872 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2019.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
2,6-diaminopurine (DAP) is a nucleobase analog of adenine. When incorporated into double-stranded DNA (dsDNA), it forms three hydrogen bonds with thymine. Rare in nature, DAP substitution alters the physical characteristics of a DNA molecule without sacrificing sequence specificity. Here, we show that in addition to stabilizing double-strand hybridization, DAP substitution also changes the mechanical and conformational properties of dsDNA. Thermal melting experiments reveal that DAP substitution raises melting temperatures without diminishing sequence-dependent effects. Using a combination of atomic force microscopy (AFM), magnetic tweezer (MT) nanomechanical assays, and circular dichroism spectroscopy, we demonstrate that DAP substitution increases the flexural rigidity of dsDNA yet also facilitates conformational shifts, which manifest as changes in molecule length. DAP substitution increases both the static and dynamic persistence length of DNA (measured by AFM and MT, respectively). In the static case (AFM), in which tension is not applied to the molecule, the contour length of DAP-DNA appears shorter than wild-type (WT)-DNA; under tension (MT), they have similar dynamic contour lengths. At tensions above 60 pN, WT-DNA undergoes characteristic overstretching because of strand separation (tension-induced melting) and spontaneous adoption of a conformation termed S-DNA. Cyclic overstretching and relaxation of WT-DNA at near-zero loading rates typically yields hysteresis, indicative of tension-induced melting; conversely, cyclic stretching of DAP-DNA showed little or no hysteresis, consistent with the adoption of the S-form, similar to what has been reported for GC-rich sequences. However, DAP-DNA overstretching is distinct from GC-rich overstretching in that it happens at a significantly lower tension. In physiological salt conditions, evenly mixed AT/GC DNA typically overstretches around 60 pN. GC-rich sequences overstretch at similar if not slightly higher tensions. Here, we show that DAP-DNA overstretches at 52 pN. In summary, DAP substitution decreases the overall stability of the B-form double helix, biasing toward non-B-form DNA helix conformations at zero tension and facilitating the B-to-S transition at high tension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Cristofalo
- School of Medicine and Surgery, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Monza (MB), Italy
| | - Daniel Kovari
- Department of Physics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Roberta Corti
- School of Medicine and Surgery, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Monza (MB), Italy
| | - Domenico Salerno
- School of Medicine and Surgery, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Monza (MB), Italy.
| | - Valeria Cassina
- School of Medicine and Surgery, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Monza (MB), Italy
| | - David Dunlap
- Department of Physics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia.
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6
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Capobianco A, Caruso T, D'Ursi AM, Fusco S, Masi A, Scrima M, Chatgilialoglu C, Peluso A. Delocalized hole domains in Guanine-rich DNA oligonucleotides. J Phys Chem B 2015; 119:5462-6. [PMID: 25839102 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b02940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Differential pulse voltammetries of guanine-rich single- and double-stranded oligonucleotides containing up to six consecutive guanines are reported. The observed progressive lowering of the first voltammetric peak potential as the number of adjacent guanines increases unambiguously points toward the establishment of delocalized hole domains; the hole stabilization energy is ca. 0.1 eV per GG step, significantly lower than that observed for AA steps.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Annalisa Masi
- §Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via P. Gobetti 101, I-40129 Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Chryssostomos Chatgilialoglu
- §Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via P. Gobetti 101, I-40129 Bologna, Italy.,∥National Center for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, 15341 Agia Paraskevi, Athens, Greece
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7
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Yin X, Wierzbinski E, Lu H, Bezer S, de Leon AR, Davis KL, Achim C, Waldeck DH. A three-step kinetic model for electrochemical charge transfer in the hopping regime. J Phys Chem A 2014; 118:7579-89. [PMID: 24813905 DOI: 10.1021/jp502826e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Single-step nonadiabatic electron tunneling models are widely used to analyze electrochemical rates through self-assembled monolayer films (SAMs). For some systems, such as nucleic acids, long-range charge transfer can occur in a "hopping" regime that involves multiple charge transfer events and intermediate states. This report describes a three-step kinetic scheme to model charge transfer in this regime. Some of the features of the three-step model are probed experimentally by changing the chemical composition of the SAM. This work uses the three-step model and a temperature dependence of the charge transfer rate to extract the charge injection barrier for a SAM composed of a 10-mer peptide nucleic acid that operates in the hopping regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Yin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
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8
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Abstract
Not long after the discovery of the double-helical structure of DNA in 1952, researchers proposed that charge transfer along a one-dimensional π-array of nucleobases might be possible. At the end of the 1990s researchers discovered that a positive charge (a hole) generated in DNA migrates more than 200 Å along the structure, a discovery that ignited interest in the charge-transfer process in DNA. As a result, DNA became an interesting potential bottom-up material for constructing nanoelectronic sensors and devices because DNA can form various complex two-dimensional and three-dimensional structures, such as smiley faces and cubes. From the fundamental aspects of the hole transfer process, DNA is one of the most well-studied organic molecules with many reports on the synthesis of artificial nucleobase analogues. Thus, DNA offers a unique system to study how factors such as the HOMO energy and molecular flexibility affect hole transfer kinetics. Understanding the hole transfer mechanism requires a discussion of the hole transfer rate constants (kHT). This Account reviews the kHT values determined by our group and by Lewis and Wasielewski's group, obtained by a combination of the synthesis of modified DNA and time-resolved spectroscopy. DNA consists of G/C and A/T base pairs; the HOMO localizes on the purine bases G and A, and G has a lower oxidation potential and a higher energy HOMO. Typically, long-range hole transfer proceeded via sequential hole transfer between G/C's. The kinetics of this process in DNA sequences, including those with mismatches, is reproducible via kinetic modeling using the determined kHT for each hole transfer step between G/C's. We also determined the distance dependence parameter (β), which describes the steepness of the exponential decrease of kHT. Because of this value, >0.6 Å(-1) for hole transfer in DNA, DNA itself does not serve as a molecular wire. Interestingly, hole transfer proceeded exceptionally fast for some sequences in which G/C's are located close to each other, an observation that we cannot explain by a simple sequential hole transfer between G/C's but rather through hole delocalization over the nucleobases. To further investigate and refine the factors that affect kHT, we examined various artificial nucleobases. We clearly demonstrated that kHT depends strongly on the HOMO energy gap between the bases (ΔHOMO), and that kHT can be increased with decreasing ΔHOMO. We reduced ΔHOMO between the two type of base pairs by replacing adenines (A's) with deazaadenines ((z)A's) or diaminopurines (D's) and showed that the hole transfer rate through the G/C and A/T mix sequence increased by more than 3 orders of magnitude. We also investigated how DNA flexibility affects kHT. Locked nucleic acid (LNA) modification, which makes DNA more rigid, lowered kHT by more than 2 orders of magnitude. On the other hand, 5-Me-2'-deoxyzebularine (B) modification, which increases DNA flexibility, increased kHT by more than 1 order of magnitude. These new insights in hole transfer kinetics obtained from modified DNAs may aid in the design of new molecular-scale conducting materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyohiko Kawai
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (SANKEN), Osaka University, Mihogaoka 8-1, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Majima
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (SANKEN), Osaka University, Mihogaoka 8-1, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
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9
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Brancolini G, Migliore A, Corni S, Fuentes-Cabrera M, Luque FJ, Di Felice R. Dynamical treatment of charge transfer through duplex nucleic acids containing modified adenines. ACS NANO 2013; 7:9396-406. [PMID: 24060008 PMCID: PMC3903158 DOI: 10.1021/nn404165y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
We address the issue of whether chemical alterations of nucleobases are an effective tool to modulate charge transfer through DNA molecules. Our investigation uses a multilevel computational approach based on classical molecular dynamics and quantum chemistry. We find yet another piece of evidence that structural fluctuations are a key factor to determine the electronic structure of double-stranded DNA. We argue that the electronic structure and charge transfer ability of flexible polymers is the result of a complex intertwining of various structural, dynamical and chemical factors. Chemical intuition may be used to design molecular wires, but this is not the sole component in the complex charge transfer mechanism through DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Brancolini
- CNR Institute of Nanoscience, S3 Center, Via Campi 213/A, 41125 Modena, Italy
- (GB); (RDF). Phone: +39-059-205-5320. Fax: +39-059-205-5651
| | - Agostino Migliore
- School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, 69978 Tel Aviv, Israel
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - Stefano Corni
- CNR Institute of Nanoscience, S3 Center, Via Campi 213/A, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Miguel Fuentes-Cabrera
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, and Computer Science and Mathematics Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, P O Box 2008, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831 6494, USA
| | - F. Javier Luque
- Department de Fisicoquímica and Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, Avenida Diagonal 643, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Rosa Di Felice
- CNR Institute of Nanoscience, S3 Center, Via Campi 213/A, 41125 Modena, Italy
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA
- (GB); (RDF). Phone: +39-059-205-5320. Fax: +39-059-205-5651
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10
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Impact of a single base pair substitution on the charge transfer rate along short DNA hairpins. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:14867-71. [PMID: 23980166 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1309139110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerical studies of hole migration along short DNA hairpins were performed with a particular emphasis on the variations of the rate and quantum yield of the charge separation process with the location of a single guanine:cytosine (G:C) base pair. Our calculations show that the hole arrival rate increases as the position of the guanine:cytosine base pair shifts from the beginning to the end of the sequence. Although these results are in agreement with recent experimental findings, the mechanism governing the charge migration along these sequences is revisited here. Instead of the phenomenological two-step hopping mechanism via the guanine base, the charge propagation occurs through a delocalization of the hole density along the base pair stack. Furthermore, the variations of the charge transfer with the position of the guanine base are explained by the impact of the base pair substitutions on the delocalized conduction channels.
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11
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Kawai K, Majima T, Maruyama A. Detection of single-nucleotide variations by monitoring the blinking of fluorescence induced by charge transfer in DNA. Chembiochem 2013; 14:1430-3. [PMID: 23846860 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201300380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Charge transfer dynamics in DNA: Photo-induced charge separation and charge-recombination dynamics in DNA was assessed by monitoring the blinking of fluorescence. Single nucleotide variations, mismatch and one base deletion, were differentiated based on the length of the off-time of the blinking, which corresponds to the lifetime of the charge-separated state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyohiko Kawai
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Mihogaoka 8-1, Ibaraki, Japan.
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12
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Wierzbinski E, Venkatramani R, Davis KL, Bezer S, Kong J, Xing Y, Borguet E, Achim C, Beratan DN, Waldeck DH. The single-molecule conductance and electrochemical electron-transfer rate are related by a power law. ACS NANO 2013; 7:5391-401. [PMID: 23692478 DOI: 10.1021/nn401321k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
This study examines quantitative correlations between molecular conductances and standard electrochemical rate constants for alkanes and peptide nucleic acid (PNA) oligomers as a function of the length, structure, and charge transport mechanism. The experimental data show a power-law relationship between conductances and charge transfer rates within a given class of molecules with the same bridge chemistry, and a lack of correlation when a more diverse group of molecules is compared, in contrast with some theoretical predictions. Surprisingly, the PNA duplexes exhibit the lowest charge-transfer rates and the highest molecular conductances. The nonlinear rate-conductance relationships for structures with the same bridging chemistries are attributed to differences in the charge-mediation characteristics of the molecular bridge, energy barrier shifts and electronic dephasing, in the two different experimental settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emil Wierzbinski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
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13
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Hansen AG, Salvatore P, Karlsen KK, Nichols RJ, Wengel J, Ulstrup J. Electrochemistry and in situ scanning tunnelling microscopy of pure and redox-marked DNA- and UNA-based oligonucleotides on Au(111)-electrode surfaces. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2013; 15:776-86. [PMID: 23073185 DOI: 10.1039/c2cp42351k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We have studied adsorption and electrochemical electron transfer of several 13- and 15-base DNA and UNA (unlocked nucleic acids) oligonucleotides (ONs) linked to Au(111)-electrode surfaces via a 5'-C6-SH group using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and scanning tunnelling microscopy in aqueous buffer under electrochemical potential control (in situ STM). 2,2',6',2''-Terpyridine (terpy) onto which the transition metal ions Fe(2+/3+), Os(2+/3+) and Ru(2+/3+) could be coordinated after UNA monolayer formation was attached to UNA via a flexible linker. The metal centres offer CV probes and in situ STM contrast markers, and the flexible UNA/linker a potential binder for intercalation. CV of pure and mercaptohexanol diluted ON monolayers displayed reductive desorption signals but also, presumably capacitive, signals at higher potentials. Distinct voltammetric signals arise on metal binding. Those from Ru-binding are by far the strongest and in accord with multiple site Ru-attachment. In situ STM disclosed molecular scale features in varying coverage on addition of the metal ions. The Ru-derivatives showed a bias voltage dependent broad maximum in the tunnelling current-overpotential correlation which could be correlated with theoretical frames for condensed matter conductivity of redox molecules. Together the data suggest that Ru-units are bound to both terpy and the UNA-DNA backbone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allan G Hansen
- Department of Chemistry, Building 207, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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14
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Osakada Y, Kawai K, Majima T. Kinetics of Charge Transfer through DNA across Guanine–Cytosine Repeats Intervened by Adenine–Thymine Base Pair(s). BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2013. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20120224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuko Osakada
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (SANKEN), Osaka University
| | - Kiyohiko Kawai
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (SANKEN), Osaka University
| | - Tetsuro Majima
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (SANKEN), Osaka University
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15
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Salvatore P, Karlsen KK, Hansen AG, Zhang J, Nichols RJ, Ulstrup J. Polycation induced potential dependent structural transitions of oligonucleotide monolayers on Au(111)-surfaces. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:19092-8. [PMID: 23098321 DOI: 10.1021/ja306877s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We have studied self-assembled molecular monolayers (SAMs) of several 3'-C3-SH conjugated single-strand (ss) and double-strand (ds) 20-base oligonucleotides (ONs) immobilized on single-crystal, atomically planar Au(111)-electrode surfaces in the presence of the triply positively charged base spermidine (Spd). This cation binds strongly to the polyanionic ON backbone and stabilizes the ds-form relative to the ss-form. A combination of chemical ON synthesis, melting temperature measurements, cyclic voltammetry (CV), and in situ scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) in aqueous biological buffer under electrochemical potential control was used. Spd binding was found to increase notably the ds-ON melting temperature. CV displays capacitive features associated with ss- and ds-ON. A robust capacitive peak around -0.35 V versus saturated calomel electrode (SCE), specific to ds-ON and highly sensitive to base pair mismatches, was consistently observed. The peak is likely to be caused by surface structural reorganization around the peak potential and located close to reported peak potentials of several DNA intercalating or covalently tethered redox molecules reported as probes for long-range electron transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Princia Salvatore
- Department of Chemistry, Building 207, and Nano•DTU, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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16
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Muren NB, Olmon ED, Barton JK. Solution, surface, and single molecule platforms for the study of DNA-mediated charge transport. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2012; 14:13754-71. [PMID: 22850865 PMCID: PMC3478128 DOI: 10.1039/c2cp41602f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The structural core of DNA, a continuous stack of aromatic heterocycles, the base pairs, which extends down the helical axis, gives rise to the fascinating electronic properties of this molecule that is so critical for life. Our laboratory and others have developed diverse experimental platforms to investigate the capacity of DNA to conduct charge, termed DNA-mediated charge transport (DNA CT). Here, we present an overview of DNA CT experiments in solution, on surfaces, and with single molecules that collectively provide a broad and consistent perspective on the essential characteristics of this chemistry. DNA CT can proceed over long molecular distances but is remarkably sensitive to perturbations in base pair stacking. We discuss how this foundation, built with data from diverse platforms, can be used both to inform a mechanistic description of DNA CT and to inspire the next platforms for its study: living organisms and molecular electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie B. Muren
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena CA 91125, USA
| | - Eric D. Olmon
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena CA 91125, USA
| | - Jacqueline K. Barton
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena CA 91125, USA
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17
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Kawai K, Hayashi M, Majima T. Hole transfer in LNA and 5-Me-2'-deoxyzebularine-modified DNA. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:9406-9. [PMID: 22591000 DOI: 10.1021/ja302641e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
We report the measurement of hole-transfer rate constants (k(ht)) in locked nucleic acid (LNA) and 5-Me-2'-deoxyzebularine (B)-modified DNA. LNA modification, which makes DNA more rigid, caused a decrease of more than 2 orders of magnitude in k(ht), whereas B modification, which increases DNA flexibility, increased k(ht) by more than 20-fold. The present results clearly showed that hole-transfer efficiency in DNA can be increased by increasing DNA flexibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyohiko Kawai
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Ibaraki, Japan.
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18
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Wierzbinski E, de Leon A, Yin X, Balaeff A, Davis KL, Reppireddy S, Venkatramani R, Keinan S, Ly DH, Madrid M, Beratan DN, Achim C, Waldeck DH. Effect of Backbone Flexibility on Charge Transfer Rates in Peptide Nucleic Acid Duplexes. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:9335-42. [DOI: 10.1021/ja301677z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emil Wierzbinski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
15260, United States
| | - Arnie de Leon
- Department
of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
15213, United States
| | - Xing Yin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
15260, United States
| | - Alexander Balaeff
- Department
of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham,
North Carolina 27708, United
States
| | - Kathryn L. Davis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
15260, United States
| | - Srinivas Reppireddy
- Department
of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
15213, United States
| | - Ravindra Venkatramani
- Department
of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham,
North Carolina 27708, United
States
| | - Shahar Keinan
- Department
of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham,
North Carolina 27708, United
States
| | - Danith H. Ly
- Department
of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
15213, United States
| | - Marcela Madrid
- Pittsburgh Supercomputing Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - David N. Beratan
- Departments of Chemistry, Biochemistry,
and Physics, Duke University, Durham, North
Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Catalina Achim
- Department
of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
15213, United States
| | - David H. Waldeck
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
15260, United States
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19
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Loakes D. Nucleotides and nucleic acids; oligo- and polynucleotides. ORGANOPHOSPHORUS CHEMISTRY 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/9781849734875-00169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- David Loakes
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Hills Road Cambridge CB2 2QH UK
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20
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Kawai K, Hayashi M, Majima T. HOMO energy gap dependence of hole-transfer kinetics in DNA. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:4806-11. [PMID: 22335550 DOI: 10.1021/ja2109213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
DNA consists of two type of base-pairs, G-C and A-T, in which the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) localizes on the purine bases G and A. While the hole transfer through consecutive Gs or As occurs faster than 10(9) s(-1), a significant drop in the hole transfer rate was observed for G-C and A-T mixed random sequences. In this study, by using various natural and artificial nucleobases having different HOMO levels, the effect of the HOMO-energy gap between bases (Δ(HOMO)) on the hole-transfer kinetics in DNA was investigated. The results demonstrated that the hole transfer rate can be increased by decreasing the Δ(HOMO) and can be finely tuned over 3 orders of magnitude by varying the Δ(HOMO).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyohiko Kawai
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (SANKEN), Osaka University, Mihogaoka 8-1, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
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21
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Tanaka M, Oguma K, Saito Y, Saito I. Drastic enhancement of excess electron-transfer efficiency through DNA by inserting consecutive 5-phenylethynyl-2′-deoxyuridines as a modulator. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:9394-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cc34661c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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22
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Tanaka M, Kozakai R, Saito Y, Saito I. Stabilization of DNA duplex by 2-substituted adenine as a minor groove modifier. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:7021-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.09.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2011] [Revised: 09/24/2011] [Accepted: 09/27/2011] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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23
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Tanaka S, Kanki K, Petrosky T. Nonequilibrium transport on a quantum molecular chain in terms of the complex Liouvillian spectrum. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2011; 83:051118. [PMID: 21728501 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.83.051118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2010] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The transport process in a molecular chain in a nonequilibrium stationary state is theoretically investigated. The molecule is interacting at both ends with thermal baths of different temperatures, while no dissipation mechanism is contained inside the molecular chain. We have first obtained the nonequilibrium stationary state outside the Hilbert space in terms of the complex spectral representation of Liouvillian. The nonequilibrium stationary state is obtained as an eigenstate of the Liouvillian, which is constructed through the collision invariant of the kinetic equation. The eigenstate of the Liouvillian contains information on the spatial correlation between the molecular chain and the thermal baths. While energy flow in the nonequilibrium state which is due to the first-order correlation can be described by the Landauer formula, the particle current due to the second-order correlation cannot be described by the Landauer formula. The present method provides a simple way to evaluate the energy transport in a molecular chain in a nonequilibrium situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Tanaka
- Department of Physical Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Gakuen-cho, Sakai, Japan.
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24
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Kawai K, Kodera H, Majima T. Photocatalytic formation of I-I bonds using DNA which enables detection of single nucleotide polymorphisms. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 132:14216-20. [PMID: 20860356 DOI: 10.1021/ja105850d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
By decreasing the HOMO energy gap between the base-pairs to increase the charge conductivity of DNA, the positive charge photochemically generated in DNA can be made to migrate along the π-way of DNA over long distances to form a long-lived charge-separated state. By fine-tuning the kinetics of the charge-transfer reactions, we designed a functionalized DNA system in which absorbed photon energy is converted into chemical energy to form I-I covalent bonds, where more than 100 I(2) molecules were produced per functionalized DNA. Utilizing the fact that charge-transfer kinetics through DNA is sensitive to the presence of a single mismatch that causes the perturbation of the π-stacks, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genomic sequences were detected by measuring the photon energy conversion efficiency in DNA by a conventional starch iodine method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyohiko Kawai
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (SANKEN), Osaka University, Mihogaoka 8-1, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan.
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25
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Prokhorov AM, Kozhevnikov DN. Triazines, Tetrazines, and Fused Ring Polyaza Systems. PROGRESS IN HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-08-096805-6.00014-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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26
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Venkatramani R, Davis KL, Wierzbinski E, Bezer S, Balaeff A, Keinan S, Paul A, Kocsis L, Beratan DN, Achim C, Waldeck DH. Evidence for a near-resonant charge transfer mechanism for double-stranded peptide nucleic acid. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 133:62-72. [PMID: 21141966 DOI: 10.1021/ja107622m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
We present evidence for a near-resonant mechanism of charge transfer in short peptide nucleic acid (PNA) duplexes obtained through electrochemical, STM break junction (STM-BJ), and computational studies. A seven base pair (7-bp) PNA duplex with the sequence (TA)(3)-(XY)-(TA)(3) was studied, in which XY is a complementary nucleobase pair. The experiments showed that the heterogeneous charge transfer rate constant (k(0)) and the single-molecule conductance (σ) correlate with the oxidation potential of the purine base in the XY base pair. The electrochemical measurements showed that the enhancement of k(0) is independent, within experimental error, of which of the two PNA strands contains the purine base of the XY base pair. 7-bp PNA duplexes with one or two GC base pairs had similar measured k(0) and conductance values. While a simple superexchange model, previously used to rationalize charge transfer in single stranded PNA (Paul et al. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2009, 131, 6498-6507), describes some of the experimental observations, the model does not explain the absence of an enhancement in the experimental k(0) and σ upon increasing the G content in the duplexes from one to two. Moreover, the superexchange model is not consistent with other studies (Paul et al. J. Phys. Chem. B 2010, 114, 14140), that showed a hopping charge transport mechanism is likely important for PNA duplexes longer than seven base pairs. A quantitative computational analysis shows that a near-resonant charge transfer regime, wherein a mix of superexchange and hopping mechanisms are expected to coexist, can rationalize all of the experimental results.
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27
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Kawai K, Osakada Y, Matsutani E, Majima T. Charge Separation and Photosensitized Damage in DNA Mediated by Naphthalimide, Naphthaldiimide, and Anthraquinone. J Phys Chem B 2010; 114:10195-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jp102483k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kiyohiko Kawai
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (SANKEN), Osaka University, Mihogaoka 8-1, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Yasuko Osakada
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (SANKEN), Osaka University, Mihogaoka 8-1, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Eri Matsutani
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (SANKEN), Osaka University, Mihogaoka 8-1, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Majima
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (SANKEN), Osaka University, Mihogaoka 8-1, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
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28
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G-C Content Independent Long-Range Charge Transfer Through DNA. ELECTRONIC AND MAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF CHIRAL MOLECULES AND SUPRAMOLECULAR ARCHITECTURES 2010; 298:129-42. [DOI: 10.1007/128_2010_90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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