1
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Yu Y, Feng Y, Ma W, Li H, Yang M, Zhang G, Yang Y. Silver Iodide‐mediated Insertion of Indium to Synthesize Water‐tolerant Organoindium Reagents and the Application in Cross‐coupling Reactions. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202202061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yunzi Yu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass Fibers and Eco-dyeing & Finishing School of Chemistry and Engineering Wuhan Textile University Wuhan City Hubei Province China
| | - Yuqin Feng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass Fibers and Eco-dyeing & Finishing School of Chemistry and Engineering Wuhan Textile University Wuhan City Hubei Province China
| | - Wenxia Ma
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass Fibers and Eco-dyeing & Finishing School of Chemistry and Engineering Wuhan Textile University Wuhan City Hubei Province China
| | - Haibo Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass Fibers and Eco-dyeing & Finishing School of Chemistry and Engineering Wuhan Textile University Wuhan City Hubei Province China
| | - Ming Yang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass Fibers and Eco-dyeing & Finishing School of Chemistry and Engineering Wuhan Textile University Wuhan City Hubei Province China
| | - Gang Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass Fibers and Eco-dyeing & Finishing School of Chemistry and Engineering Wuhan Textile University Wuhan City Hubei Province China
| | - Yongsheng Yang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass Fibers and Eco-dyeing & Finishing School of Chemistry and Engineering Wuhan Textile University Wuhan City Hubei Province China
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2
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Koszinowski K, Rahrt R. Anionic Dimers of Fluorinated Alcohols. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2022; 33:1411-1418. [PMID: 35609237 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.2c00070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Negative-ion mode electrospray ionization of solutions of ethanol (RF0OH), 2-fluoroethanol (RF1OH), 2,2-difluoroethanol (RF2OH), and/or 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (RF3OH) produces anionic dimers of the types (RFnO)2H- and (RFnO)(RFn+1O)H-. The exchange reactions of these anionic dimers with the neutral alcohols are examined in a quadrupole-ion trap to extract kinetic data, from which the reaction Gibbs energies are obtained. In all cases, the formation of anionic dimers containing the more highly fluorinated alcohols is favored. Quantum chemical calculations confirm this trend and, besides affording structural data, also determine the dissociation energies of the anionic dimers. These dissociation energies are much higher than those of the corresponding neutral dimers and increase further for the more highly fluorinated alcohols due to the stronger hydrogen-bond donor ability of the latter. The present results on the interaction of individual alkoxide anions and neutral alcohol molecules contribute to a better understanding of the association of the fluorinated alcohols in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konrad Koszinowski
- Universität Göttingen, Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Tammannstr. 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Rene Rahrt
- Universität Göttingen, Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Tammannstr. 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
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3
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Deuker M, Yang Y, O’Hair RAJ, Koszinowski K. Tetraorganylargentate(III) Complexes: Key Intermediates in Silver-Mediated Cross-Coupling Reactions. Organometallics 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.1c00118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marius Deuker
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Yang Yang
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, 30 Flemington Road, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Richard A. J. O’Hair
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, 30 Flemington Road, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Konrad Koszinowski
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
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4
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Mora KE, Musa MA, Robinson TJ, Mylod G, Bowyer WJ. Solvent Effects on Heterogeneous Rate Constants for Indium Mediated Allylations. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:2088-2094. [PMID: 33661629 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c11457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Indium mediated allylation is a highly selective tool for synthetic chemists to create carbon-carbon bonds, but the first step, heterogeneous reaction of allyl halides at solid indium surfaces, is still poorly understood. For example, the nature of the solvent dramatically affects the rate of reaction, but solvent choice is often based on empirical experiments. Fundamental kinetic studies are the best way to study this effect, but the determination of heterogeneous rate constants is challenging. In an effort to better understand solvent effects, we use optical microscopy to determine heterogeneous rate constants for IMA in aqueous acetonitrile, methanol, ethanol, and 2-propanol. We fit the reaction rate data over a range of mass transport rates using only two adjustable parameters, the heterogeneous rate constant and the mass transport rate. The results emphasize the critical importance of water in determining the rate of reaction. Surprisingly, the polarity of the organic solvent in the mix does not have a major effect on the rate. It is hypothesized that the oxygen atom in water and alcohols is an especially effective Lewis base to stabilize the transition state and the organoindium intermediates, similar to the importance of the oxygen in ethers for the formation of Grignard reagents. This study again demonstrates the power of microscopy for the study of heterogeneous reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn E Mora
- Department of Chemistry, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Geneva, New York 14456, United States
| | - Megan A Musa
- Department of Chemistry, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Geneva, New York 14456, United States
| | - Troy J Robinson
- Department of Chemistry, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Geneva, New York 14456, United States
| | - Gabriella Mylod
- Department of Chemistry, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Geneva, New York 14456, United States
| | - Walter J Bowyer
- Department of Chemistry, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Geneva, New York 14456, United States
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5
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Eisele NF, Koszinowski K. Direct Detection of Free and Counterion-Bound Carbanions by Electrospray-Ionization Mass Spectrometry. J Org Chem 2021; 86:3750-3757. [PMID: 33599503 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c02504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
We propose electrospray-ionization (ESI) mass spectrometry as a robust and powerful method for the in situ analysis of carbanions. ESI mass spectrometry selectively probes the charged components of the sampled solution and, thus, is ideally suited for the detection of free carbanions. We demonstrate the potential of this method by analyzing acetonitrile solutions of 15 different carbon acids AH, whose acidities cover a range of 11.1 ≤ pKa(DMSO) ≤ 29.5. After treatment with KOtBu as a strong base, all but the two least acidic compounds were successfully detected as free carbanions A- and/or as potassium-bound aggregates [Kn-1An]-. The association equilibria can be shifted toward smaller aggregates and free carbanions by the addition of the crown ether 18-crown-6, which facilitates the evaluation of the mass spectra. When KOtBu was replaced by other bases (LiOH, LiNiPr2, NaH, NaOH, KOH, NBu4OH) or when tetrahydrofuran or methanol was used as a solvent, carbanions were also successfully observed. For further demonstrating the utility of the proposed method, we applied it to the analysis of the Michael addition of deprotonated dimedone to butenone. ESI mass spectrometry allowed us to follow the decrease of the reactant carbanion and the buildup of the product carbanion in time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas F Eisele
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Konrad Koszinowski
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
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6
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Sudha AJ, Aslam NA, Sandhu A, Yasuda M, Baba A, Babu SA. Synthesis of β-cyanoalanine and enantiomerically enriched aspartate derivatives via the Zn- or In-mediated nucleophilic addition to α-imino esters. Tetrahedron 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2020.131217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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7
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Koszinowski K, Auth T. Modulation of Gas-Phase Lithium Cation Basicities by Microsolvation. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2019; 30:1857-1866. [PMID: 31502224 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-019-02312-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In contrast to the extensive knowledge of lithium cation affinities and basicities, the thermochemistry of microsolvated lithium cations is much less explored. Here, we determine the relative stabilities of Li(A,B)n+ complexes, n = 2 and 3, by monitoring their gas-phase reactions with A and B substrate molecules, A/B = Me2O, Et2O, tetrahydrofuran, and MeCN, in a three-dimensional quadrupole-ion trap mass spectrometer. Kinetic analysis of the observed ligand displacement reactions affords equilibrium constants, which are then converted into Gibbs reaction energies. In addition, we use high-level quantum chemical calculations to predict the structures and sequential ligand dissociation energies of the homoleptic Li(A)n+ complexes, n = 1-3. As expected, the ligands dissociate more easily from complexes in higher coordination states. However, the very nature of the ligand also matters. Ligands with different steric demands can, thus, invert their relative Li+ affinities depending on the coordination state of the metal center. This finding shows that microsolvation of Li+ can result in specific effects, which are not recognized if the analysis takes into account only simple lithium cation affinities and basicities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konrad Koszinowski
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Universität Göttingen, Tammannstr. 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Thomas Auth
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Universität Göttingen, Tammannstr. 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
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8
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Kreyenschmidt F, Meurer SE, Koszinowski K. Mechanisms of Cobalt/Phosphine-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling Reactions. Chemistry 2019; 25:5912-5921. [PMID: 30734379 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201805964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
>The combination of CoCl2 with bidentate phosphines is known to catalyze challenging cross-coupling and Heck-type reactions, but the mechanisms of these valuable transformations have not been established. Here, we use electrospray-ionization mass spectrometry to intercept the species formed in these reactions. Our results indicate that a sequence of transmetalation, reductive elimination, and redox disproportionation convert the cobalt(II) precatalyst into low-valent cobalt complexes. These species readily transfer single electrons to alkyl bromides, which thereupon dissociate into alkyl radicals and Br- . In cross-coupling reactions, the alkyl radicals add to the cobalt catalyst to form observable heteroleptic complexes, which release the coupling products through reductive eliminations. In the Heck-type reactions, the low abundance of newly formed ionic species renders the analysis more difficult. Nonetheless, our results also point to the occurrence of single-electron transfer processes and the involvement of radicals in these transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friedrich Kreyenschmidt
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Selim E Meurer
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Konrad Koszinowski
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
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9
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Koszinowski K, Stephenson DS. Large Solvent Isotope Effect Associated with the Hydrolysis of Allylindium Iodide. J Org Chem 2018; 83:14314-14322. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b01971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Konrad Koszinowski
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Universität Göttingen, Tammannstr. 2, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - David S. Stephenson
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstr. 5-13, München 81377, Germany
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10
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Koli M, Chatterjee S, Chattopadhyay S, Goswami D. Bi-mediated allylation of aldehydes in [bmim][Br]: a mechanistic investigation. Beilstein J Org Chem 2018; 14:2198-2203. [PMID: 30202472 PMCID: PMC6122318 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.14.193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The inexpensive room temperature ionic liquid (RTIL), [bmim][Br] has been found to be a superior medium for the Bi-mediated Barbier-type allylation of aldehydes compared to other conventional solvents. It plays the dual role of a solvent and a metal activator enabling higher yields of the products in a shorter reaction time using stoichiometric/near-stoichiometric amounts of reagents. Plausibly, [bmim][Br] activates Bi metal by a charge transfer mechanism. The 1H VT-NMR studies suggested that both the allylating species, allylbismuth dibromide and diallylbismuth bromide, are generated in situ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mrunesh Koli
- Bio-Organic Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai - 400 085, India
| | - Sucheta Chatterjee
- Bio-Organic Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai - 400 085, India
| | | | - Dibakar Goswami
- Bio-Organic Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai - 400 085, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai - 400 094, India
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11
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Parchomyk T, Demeshko S, Meyer F, Koszinowski K. Oxidation States, Stability, and Reactivity of Organoferrate Complexes. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:9709-9720. [PMID: 29991250 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b06001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
We have applied a combination of electrospray-ionization mass spectrometry, electrical conductivity measurements, and Mössbauer spectroscopy to identify and characterize the organoferrate species R nFe m- formed upon the transmetalation of iron precursors (Fe(acac)3, FeCl3, FeCl2, Fe(OAc)2) with Grignard reagents RMgX (R = Me, Et, Bu, Hex, Oct, Dec, Me3SiCH2, Bn, Ph, Mes, 3,5-(CF3)2-C6H3; X = Cl, Br) in tetrahydrofuran. The observed organoferrates show a large variety in their aggregation (1 ≤ m ≤ 8) and oxidation states (I to IV), which are chiefly determined by the nature of their organyl groups R. In numerous cases, the addition of a bidentate amine or phosphine changes the distributions of organoferrates and affects their stability. Besides undergoing efficient intermolecular exchange processes, several of the probed organoferrates react with organyl (pseudo)halides R'X (R' = Et, iPr, Bu, Ph, p-Tol; X = Cl, Br, I, OTf) to afford heteroleptic complexes of the type R3FeR'-. Gas-phase fragmentation of most of these complexes results in reductive eliminations of the coupling products RR' (or, alternatively, of R2). This finding indicates that iron-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions may proceed via such heteroleptic organoferrates R3FeR'- as intermediates. Gas-phase fragmentation of other organoferrate complexes leads to β-hydrogen eliminations, the loss of arenes, and the expulsion of organyl radicals. The operation of both one- and two-electron processes is consistent with previous observations and contributes to the formidable complexity of organoiron chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Parchomyk
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie , Universität Göttingen , Tammannstraße 2 , 37077 Göttingen , Germany
| | - Serhiy Demeshko
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie , Universität Göttingen , Tammannstraße 4 , 37077 Göttingen , Germany
| | - Franc Meyer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie , Universität Göttingen , Tammannstraße 4 , 37077 Göttingen , Germany
| | - Konrad Koszinowski
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie , Universität Göttingen , Tammannstraße 2 , 37077 Göttingen , Germany
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12
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Bathie FLB, Bowen CJ, Hutton CA, O'Hair RAJ. Unimolecular reactivity of organotrifluoroborate anions, RBF 3- , and their alkali metal cluster ions, M(RBF 3 ) 2- (M = Na, K; R = CH 3 , CH 3 CH 2 , CH 3 (CH 2 ) 3 , CH 3 (CH 2 ) 5 , c-C 3 H 5 , C 6 H 5 , C 6 H 5 CH 2 , CH 2 CHCH 2 , CH 2 CH, C 6 H 5 CO). RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2018; 32:1045-1052. [PMID: 29645303 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Potassium organotrifluoroborates (RBF3 K) are important reagents used in organic synthesis. Although mass spectrometry is commonly used to confirm their molecular formulae, the gas-phase fragmentation reactions of organotrifluoroborates and their alkali metal cluster ions have not been previously reported. METHODS Negative-ion mode electrospray ionization (ESI) together with collision-induced dissociation (CID) using a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer were used to examine the fragmentation pathways for RBF3- (where R = CH3 , CH3 CH2 , CH3 (CH2 )3 , CH3 (CH2 )5 , c-C3 H5 , C6 H5 , C6 H5 CH2 , CH2 CHCH2 , CH2 CH, C6 H5 CO) and M(RBF3 )2- (M = Na, K), while density functional theory (DFT) calculations at the M06/def2-TZVP level were used to examine the structures and energies associated with fragmentation reactions for R = Me and Ph. RESULTS Upon CID, preferentially elimination of HF occurs for RBF3- ions for systems where R = an alkyl anion, whereas R- formation is favoured when R = a stabilized anion. At higher collision energies loss of F- and additional HF losses are sometimes observed. Upon CID of M(RBF3 )2- , formation of RBF3- is the preferred pathway with some fluoride transfer observed only when M = Na. The DFT-calculated relative thermochemistry for competing fragmentation pathways is consistent with the experiments. CONCLUSIONS The main fragmentation pathways of RBF3- are HF elimination and/or R- loss. This contrasts with the fragmentation reactions of other organometallate anions, where reductive elimination, beta hydride transfer and bond homolysis are often observed. The presence of fluoride transfer upon CID of Na(RBF3 )2- but not K(RBF3 )2- is in agreement with the known fluoride affinities of Na+ and K+ and can be rationalized by Pearson's HSAB theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona L B Bathie
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Institute of Molecular Science and Biotechnology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Chris J Bowen
- Shimadzu Scientific, Bio21 Institute of Molecular Science and Biotechnology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Craig A Hutton
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Institute of Molecular Science and Biotechnology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Richard A J O'Hair
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Institute of Molecular Science and Biotechnology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
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13
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Dey P, Koli M, Goswami D, Sharma A, Chattopadhyay S. [bmim][Br] as an Inexpensive and Efficient Medium for the Barbier-Type Allylation Reaction Using a Catalytic Amount of Indium: Mechanistic Studies. European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201800043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Papiya Dey
- Bio-Organic Division; Bhabha Atomic Research Centre; 400 085 Mumbai India
| | - Mrunesh Koli
- Bio-Organic Division; Bhabha Atomic Research Centre; 400 085 Mumbai India
| | - Dibakar Goswami
- Bio-Organic Division; Bhabha Atomic Research Centre; 400 085 Mumbai India
| | - Anubha Sharma
- Bio-Organic Division; Bhabha Atomic Research Centre; 400 085 Mumbai India
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14
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Kreyenschmidt F, Koszinowski K. Low-Valent Ate Complexes Formed in Cobalt-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling Reactions with 1,3-Dienes as Additives. Chemistry 2017; 24:1168-1177. [PMID: 29110364 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201704547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The combination of CoCl2 and 1,3-dienes is known to catalyze challenging alkyl-alkyl cross-coupling reactions between Grignard reagents and alkyl halides, but the mechanism of these valuable transformations remains speculative. Herein, electrospray-ionization mass spectrometry is used to identify and characterize the elusive intermediates of these and related reactions. The vast majority of detected species contain low-valent cobalt(I) centers and diene molecules. Charge tagging, deuterium labeling, and gas-phase fragmentation experiments elucidate the likely origin of these species and show that the diene not only binds to Co as a π ligand, but also undergoes migratory insertion reactions into Co-H and Co-R bonds. The resulting species have a strong tendency to form anionic cobalt(I) ate complexes, the superior nucleophilicity of which should render them highly reactive toward electrophilic substrates and, thus, presumably is the key to the high catalytic efficiency of the system under investigation. Upon the reaction of the in situ formed cobalt(I) ate complexes with organyl halides, only the final cross-coupling product could be detected, but no cobalt(III) species. This finding implies that this reaction step proceeds in a direct manner without any intermediate or, alternatively, that it involves an intermediate with a very short lifetime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friedrich Kreyenschmidt
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Universität Göttingen, Tammannstr. 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Konrad Koszinowski
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Universität Göttingen, Tammannstr. 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
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15
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Wang L, Lv J, Zhang L, Luo S. Catalytic Regio- and Enantioselective [4+2] Annulation Reactions of Non-activated Allenes by a Chiral Cationic Indium Complex. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201704020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Le Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function; Institute of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 China
| | - Jian Lv
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function; Institute of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering; Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Long Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function; Institute of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering; Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Sanzhong Luo
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function; Institute of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering; Tianjin 300071 China
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16
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Wang L, Lv J, Zhang L, Luo S. Catalytic Regio- and Enantioselective [4+2] Annulation Reactions of Non-activated Allenes by a Chiral Cationic Indium Complex. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:10867-10871. [PMID: 28707819 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201704020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Revised: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Le Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function; Institute of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 China
| | - Jian Lv
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function; Institute of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering; Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Long Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function; Institute of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering; Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Sanzhong Luo
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function; Institute of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering; Tianjin 300071 China
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17
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Parchomyk T, Koszinowski K. Solution and Gas-Phase Reactivity of Me12
Fe8
−
and Related Cluster Ions. Chemistry 2017; 23:3213-3219. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201605602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Parchomyk
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie; Georg-August-Universität Göttingen; Tammannstr. 2 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Konrad Koszinowski
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie; Georg-August-Universität Göttingen; Tammannstr. 2 37077 Göttingen Germany
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18
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Nakamura S, Hara Y, Furukawa T, Hirashita T. Enantioselective Barbier-type allylation of ketones using allyl halide and indium in water. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra01038a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We disclose herein an efficient enantioselective Barbier-type allylation of ketones using allyl halide and indium metal in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuichi Nakamura
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Nagoya Institute of Technology
- Nagoya 466-8555
- Japan
| | - Yoshichika Hara
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Nagoya Institute of Technology
- Nagoya 466-8555
- Japan
| | - Takashi Furukawa
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Nagoya Institute of Technology
- Nagoya 466-8555
- Japan
| | - Tsunehisa Hirashita
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Nagoya Institute of Technology
- Nagoya 466-8555
- Japan
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19
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Kolter M, Koszinowski K. Stability and Unimolecular Reactivity of Palladate(II) Complexes [L n PdR 3 ] - (L=Phosphine, R=Organyl, n=0 and 1). Chemistry 2016; 22:15744-15750. [PMID: 27717040 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201603431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The reduction of PdII precatalysts to catalytically active Pd0 species is a key step in many palladium-mediated cross-coupling reactions. Besides phosphines, the stoichiometrically used organometallic reagents can afford this reduction, but do so in a poorly understood way. To elucidate the mechanism of this reaction, we have treated solutions of Pd(OAc)2 and a phosphine ligand L in tetrahydrofuran with RMgCl (R=Ph, Bn, Bu) as well as other organometallic reagents. Analysis of these model systems by electrospray- ionization mass spectrometry found palladate(II) complexes [Ln PdR3 ]- (n=0 and 1), thus pointing to the occurrence of transmetallation reactions. Upon gas-phase fragmentation, the [Ln PdR3 ]- anions preferentially underwent a reductive elimination to yield Pd0 species. The sequence of the transmetallation and reductive elimination, thus, constitutes a feasible mechanism for the reduction of the Pd(OAc)2 precatalyst. Other species of interest observed include the PdIV complex [PdBn5 ]- , which did not fragment via a reductive elimination but lost BnH instead.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlene Kolter
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Konrad Koszinowski
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.
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20
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Putau A, Brand H, Koszinowski K. Intermediates Formed in the Reactions of Organocuprates with α,β-Unsaturated Nitriles. Chemistry 2016; 22:12868-76. [PMID: 27461093 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201602451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Conjugate additions of organocuprates are of outstanding importance for organic synthesis. To improve our mechanistic understanding of these reactions, we have used electrospray ionization mass spectrometry for the identification of the ionic intermediates formed upon the treatment of LiCuR2 ⋅LiCN (R=Me, Bu, Ph) with a series of α,β-unsaturated nitriles. Acrylonitrile, the weakest Michael acceptor included, did not afford any detectable intermediates. Fumaronitrile (FN) yielded adducts of the type Lin-1 Cun R2n (FN)n (-) , n=1-3. When subjected to fragmentation in the gas phase, these adducts were not converted into the conjugate addition products, but re-dissociated into the reactants. In contrast, the reaction with 1,1-dicyanoethylene furnished the products of the conjugate addition without any observable intermediates. Tri- and tetracyanoethylene proved to be quite reactive as well. The presence of several cyano groups in these substrates opened up reaction pathways different from simple conjugate additions, however, and led to dimerization and substitution reactions. Moreover, the gas-phase fragmentation behavior of the species formed from these substrates indicated the occurrence of single-electron transfer processes. Additional quantum-chemical calculations provided insight into the structures and stabilities of the observed intermediates and their consecutive reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliaksei Putau
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstr. 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Harald Brand
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstr. 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Konrad Koszinowski
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstr. 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.
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21
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Weske S, Schoop R, Koszinowski K. The Role of Ate Complexes in the Copper-Mediated Trifluoromethylation of Alkynes. Chemistry 2016; 22:11310-6. [PMID: 27385188 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201601261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Trifluoromethylation reactions have recently received increased attention because of the beneficial effect of the trifluoromethyl group on the pharmacological properties of numerous substances. A common method to introduce the trifluoromethyl group employs the Ruppert-Prakash reagent, that is, Si(CH3 )3 CF3 , together with a copper(I) halide. We have applied this method to the trifluoromethylation of aromatic alkynes and used electrospray-ionization mass spectrometry to investigate the mechanism of these reactions in tetrahydrofuran, dichloromethane, and acetonitrile as well as with and without added 1,10-phenanthroline. In the absence of the alkyne component, the homoleptic ate complexes [Cu(CF3 )2 ](-) and [Cu(CF3 )4 ](-) were observed. In the presence of the alkynes RH, the heteroleptic complexes [Cu(CF3 )3 R](-) were detected as well. Upon gas-phase fragmentation, these key intermediates released the cross-coupling products R-CF3 with perfect selectivity. Apparently, the [Cu(CF3 )3 R](-) complexes did not originate from homoleptic cuprate anions, but from unobservable neutral precursors. The present results moreover point to the involvement of oxygen as the oxidizing agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Weske
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammanstraße 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ramona Schoop
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammanstraße 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Konrad Koszinowski
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammanstraße 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.
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22
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Schnegelsberg C, Bachmann S, Kolter M, Auth T, John M, Stalke D, Koszinowski K. Association and Dissociation of Grignard Reagents RMgCl and Their Turbo Variant RMgCl⋅LiCl. Chemistry 2016; 22:7752-62. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201600699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Schnegelsberg
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie; Georg-August-Universität Göttingen; Tammannstraße 2 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Sebastian Bachmann
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Georg-August-Universität Göttingen; Tammannstraße 4 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Marlene Kolter
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie; Georg-August-Universität Göttingen; Tammannstraße 2 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Thomas Auth
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie; Georg-August-Universität Göttingen; Tammannstraße 2 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Michael John
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie; Georg-August-Universität Göttingen; Tammannstraße 2 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Dietmar Stalke
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Georg-August-Universität Göttingen; Tammannstraße 4 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Konrad Koszinowski
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie; Georg-August-Universität Göttingen; Tammannstraße 2 37077 Göttingen Germany
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23
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Brouillet EV, Kennedy AR, Koszinowski K, McLellan R, Mulvey RE, Robertson SD. Exposing elusive cationic magnesium–chloro aggregates in aluminate complexes through donor control. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:5590-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c6dt00531d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Judicious choice of Lewis donor provides control over the aggregation state of the [MgxCl2x−1]+ cation in a series of Mg battery relevant magnesium aluminates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etienne V. Brouillet
- WestCHEM
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry
- University of Strathclyde
- Glasgow
- UK
| | - Alan R. Kennedy
- WestCHEM
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry
- University of Strathclyde
- Glasgow
- UK
| | - Konrad Koszinowski
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie
- Georg-August-Universität Göttingen
- 37077 Göttingen
- Germany
| | - Ross McLellan
- WestCHEM
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry
- University of Strathclyde
- Glasgow
- UK
| | - Robert E. Mulvey
- WestCHEM
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry
- University of Strathclyde
- Glasgow
- UK
| | - Stuart D. Robertson
- WestCHEM
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry
- University of Strathclyde
- Glasgow
- UK
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24
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Schnegelsberg C, Blümke TD, Koszinowski K. Which cations form upon CSI or ESI of solutions of Grignard reagents? JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2015; 50:1393-1395. [PMID: 26634973 DOI: 10.1002/jms.3710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Revised: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Schnegelsberg
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstr. 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
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25
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Aslam NA, Babu SA, Rani S, Mahajan S, Solanki J, Yasuda M, Baba A. Diastereoselective Construction of 3-Aminooxindoles with Adjacent Stereocenters: Stereocontrolled Addition of γ-Substituted Allylindiums to Isatin Ketimines. European J Org Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201500340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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26
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Bluemke TD, Clegg W, García-Alvarez P, Kennedy AR, Koszinowski K, McCall MD, Russo L, Hevia E. Structural and reactivity insights in Mg–Zn hybrid chemistry: Zn–I exchange and Pd-catalysed cross-coupling applications of aromatic substrates. Chem Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4sc01263a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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27
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Reddy C, Babu SA, Aslam NA. Indium-assisted aluminium-based stereoselective allylation of prostereogenic α,α-disubstituted cycloalkanones and imines. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra04293j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Stereoselective allylation of prostereogenic cycloalkanone and imine systems using allylic halides, aluminium powder and a catalytic amount of InCl3 is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chennakesava Reddy
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali
- Mohali, India
| | | | - Nayyar Ahmad Aslam
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali
- Mohali, India
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28
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Hill AN, Delaney KM, Sullivan TR, Mylod G, Kiesow KH, Bowyer WJ. Heterogeneous Rate Constants for Indium Mediated Allylations: Cinnamyl Chloride in Ethanol/Water Mixtures. J Phys Chem A 2013; 117:8826-35. [DOI: 10.1021/jp404027p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexa N. Hill
- Department
of Chemistry, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Geneva, New York 14456, United States
| | - Katherine M. Delaney
- Department
of Chemistry, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Geneva, New York 14456, United States
| | - Tessa R. Sullivan
- Department
of Chemistry, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Geneva, New York 14456, United States
| | - Gabriella Mylod
- Department
of Chemistry, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Geneva, New York 14456, United States
| | - Katrina H. Kiesow
- Department
of Chemistry, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Geneva, New York 14456, United States
| | - Walter J. Bowyer
- Department
of Chemistry, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Geneva, New York 14456, United States
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29
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Aslam NA, Babu SA, Sudha AJ, Yasuda M, Baba A. Chelation-controlled diastereoselective construction of N-aryl-, N-acyl/tosylhydrazono β-substituted aspartate derivatives via Barbier-type reaction. Tetrahedron 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2013.05.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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30
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Lichtenberg C, Okuda J. Strukturell definierte Allylverbindungen der Hauptgruppenmetalle: Koordination und Reaktivität. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201208942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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31
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Lichtenberg C, Okuda J. Structurally Defined Allyl Compounds of Main Group Metals: Coordination and Reactivity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:5228-46. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201208942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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32
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Reddy C, Babu SA, Aslam NA, Rajkumar V. Construction of Functionalized Carbocycles Having Contiguous Tertiary Carbinol and All-Carbon Stereogenic Centers. European J Org Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201201382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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33
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Vikse K, Khairallah GN, McIndoe JS, O'Hair RAJ. Fixed-charge phosphine ligands to explore gas-phase coinage metal-mediated decarboxylation reactions. Dalton Trans 2013; 42:6440-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c3dt32285h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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34
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Bernhardt S, Shen ZL, Knochel P. Preparation of Functionalized Organoindium Reagents by Means of Magnesium Insertion into Organic Halides in the Presence of InCl3at Room Temperature. Chemistry 2012; 19:828-33. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201203795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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35
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Shen ZL, Wang SY, Chok YK, Xu YH, Loh TP. Organoindium Reagents: The Preparation and Application in Organic Synthesis. Chem Rev 2012; 113:271-401. [DOI: 10.1021/cr300051y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Liang Shen
- Division of Chemistry and Biological
Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological
University, Singapore 637371
| | - Shun-Yi Wang
- Division of Chemistry and Biological
Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological
University, Singapore 637371
| | - Yew-Keong Chok
- Division of Chemistry and Biological
Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological
University, Singapore 637371
| | - Yun-He Xu
- Department
of Chemistry, University
of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
- Division of Chemistry and Biological
Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological
University, Singapore 637371
| | - Teck-Peng Loh
- Department
of Chemistry, University
of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
- Division of Chemistry and Biological
Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological
University, Singapore 637371
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36
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Koszinowski K, Müller C, Brand H, Fleckenstein JE. β-Hydrogen Elimination of Ionic Butylzinc Complexes. Organometallics 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/om300698b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Konrad Koszinowski
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstraße 5-13, 81377 München,
Germany
| | - Christina Müller
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstraße 5-13, 81377 München,
Germany
| | - Harald Brand
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstraße 5-13, 81377 München,
Germany
| | - Julia E. Fleckenstein
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstraße 5-13, 81377 München,
Germany
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37
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Zhuo LG, Zhang JJ, Yu ZX. DFT and Experimental Exploration of the Mechanism of InCl3-Catalyzed Type II Cycloisomerization of 1,6-Enynes: Identifying InCl2+ as the Catalytic Species and Answering Why Nonconjugated Dienes Are Generated. J Org Chem 2012; 77:8527-40. [DOI: 10.1021/jo301471w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lian-Gang Zhuo
- Beijing National Laboratory
for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry
and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic
of China
| | - Ji-Ji Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory
for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry
and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic
of China
| | - Zhi-Xiang Yu
- Beijing National Laboratory
for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry
and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic
of China
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38
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Blümke TD, Klatt T, Koszinowski K, Knochel P. InCl3-katalysierte Synthese von 1,2-dimetallierten Verbindungen durch direkte Insertion von Aluminium- oder Zinkpulver. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201205169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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39
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Blümke TD, Klatt T, Koszinowski K, Knochel P. InCl3-Catalyzed Synthesis of 1,2-Dimetallic Compounds by Direct Insertion of Aluminum or Zinc Powder. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:9926-30. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201205169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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40
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Aslam NA, Rajkumar V, Reddy C, Yasuda M, Baba A, Babu SA. Indium-Mediated Addition of γ-Substituted Allylic Halides to N-Aryl α-Imino Esters: Diastereoselective Production of β,β′-Disubstituted α-Amino Acid Derivatives with Two Contiguous Stereocenters. European J Org Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201200254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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41
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Hirayama LC, Haddad TD, Oliver AG, Singaram B. Direct Synthesis of B-Allyl and B-Allenyldiisopinocampheylborane Reagents Using Allyl or Propargyl Halides and Indium Metal Under Barbier-Type Conditions. J Org Chem 2012; 77:4342-53. [DOI: 10.1021/jo300260a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lacie C. Hirayama
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street,
Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Terra D. Haddad
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street,
Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Allen G. Oliver
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street,
Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Bakthan Singaram
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street,
Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
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42
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Jašíková L, Hanikýřová E, Škríba A, Jašík J, Roithová J. Metal-assisted Lossen Rearrangement. J Org Chem 2012; 77:2829-36. [DOI: 10.1021/jo300031f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Jašíková
- Department of Organic Chemistry,
Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Hlavova 2030/8, 12843
Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Hanikýřová
- Department of Organic Chemistry,
Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Hlavova 2030/8, 12843
Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Anton Škríba
- Department of Organic Chemistry,
Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Hlavova 2030/8, 12843
Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Juraj Jašík
- Department of Organic Chemistry,
Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Hlavova 2030/8, 12843
Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Roithová
- Department of Organic Chemistry,
Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Hlavova 2030/8, 12843
Prague 2, Czech Republic
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43
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Behr JB, Hottin A, Ndoye A. Highly Selective Indium Mediated Allylation of Unprotected Pentosylamines. Org Lett 2012; 14:1536-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ol3002656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Bernard Behr
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims, CNRS UMR 7312, UFR des Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, 51687 Reims Cedex 2, France
| | - Audrey Hottin
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims, CNRS UMR 7312, UFR des Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, 51687 Reims Cedex 2, France
| | - Alpha Ndoye
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims, CNRS UMR 7312, UFR des Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, 51687 Reims Cedex 2, France
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44
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Jašíková L, Roithová J. Interaction of the Gold(I) Cation Au(PMe3)+ with Unsaturated Hydrocarbons. Organometallics 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/om2012387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Jašíková
- Department of Organic
Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Hlavova 2030/8, 12843 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Roithová
- Department of Organic
Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Hlavova 2030/8, 12843 Prague 2, Czech Republic
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45
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Haddad TD, Hirayama LC, Buckley JJ, Singaram B. Indium-Mediated Asymmetric Barbier-Type Propargylations: Additions to Aldehydes and Ketones and Mechanistic Investigation of the Organoindium Reagents. J Org Chem 2012; 77:889-98. [DOI: 10.1021/jo201980b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Terra D. Haddad
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street,
Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Lacie C. Hirayama
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street,
Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Jannise J. Buckley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street,
Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Bakthan Singaram
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street,
Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
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46
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Schröder D. Ion clustering in electrospray mass spectrometry of brine and other electrolyte solutions. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2012; 14:6382-90. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cp40586e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Putau A, Brand H, Koszinowski K. Tetraalkylcuprates(III): formation, association, and intrinsic reactivity. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 134:613-22. [PMID: 22129347 DOI: 10.1021/ja209433j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Tetraalkylcuprates are prototypical examples of organocopper(III) species, which remained elusive until their recent detection by NMR spectroscopy. In agreement with the NMR studies, the present electrospray ionization mass spectrometric experiments, as well as supporting electrical conductivity measurements, indicate that LiCuMe(2)·LiCN reacts with a series of alkyl halides RX. The resulting Li(+)Me(2)CuR(CN)(-) intermediates then afford the observable Me(3)CuR(-) tetraalkylcuprate anions upon Me/CN exchanges with added MeLi. In contrast, the reactions of LiCuMe(2)·LiCN with neopentyl iodide and various aryl halides give rise to halogen-copper exchanges. Concentration- and solvent-dependent studies suggest that lithium tetraalkylcuprates are not fully dissociated in ethereal solvents, but partly form Li(+)Me(3)CuR(-) contact ion pairs and presumably also triple ions LiMe(6)Cu(2)R(2)(-). According to theoretical calculations, these triple ions consist of two square-planar Me(3)CuR(-) subunits binding to a central Li(+) ion. Upon fragmentation in the gas phase, the mass-selected Me(3)CuR(-) anions undergo reductive elimination, yielding both the cross-coupling products MeR and the homocoupling product Me(2). The branching between these two fragmentation channels markedly depends on the nature of the alkyl substituent R. The triple ions LiMe(6)Cu(2)R(2)(-) (as well as their mixed analogues LiMe(6)Cu(2)R(R')(-)) also afford both cross-coupling and homocoupling products upon fragmentation, but strongly favor the former. On the basis of theoretical calculations, we rationalize this prevalence of cross-coupling by the preferential interaction of the central Li(+) ion of the triple ions with two Me groups of each Me(3)CuR(-) subunit, which thereby effectively blocks the homocoupling channel. Our results thus show how a Li(+) counterion can alter the reactivity of an organocopper species at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliaksei Putau
- Department Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377 München, Germany
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Olson IA, Bacon WA, Baez Sosa YY, Delaney KM, Forte SA, Guglielmo MA, Hill AN, Kiesow KH, Langenbacher RE, Xun Y, Young RO, Bowyer WJ. Measurement of Heterogeneous Reaction Rates: Three Strategies for Controlling Mass Transport and Their Application to Indium-Mediated Allylations. J Phys Chem A 2011; 115:11001-7. [DOI: 10.1021/jp207383b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Isabel A. Olson
- Department of Chemistry, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Geneva, New York 14456, United States
| | - Wendi A. Bacon
- Department of Chemistry, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Geneva, New York 14456, United States
| | - Yessica Y. Baez Sosa
- Department of Chemistry, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Geneva, New York 14456, United States
| | - Katherine M. Delaney
- Department of Chemistry, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Geneva, New York 14456, United States
| | - Salvador A. Forte
- Department of Chemistry, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Geneva, New York 14456, United States
| | - Michael A. Guglielmo
- Department of Chemistry, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Geneva, New York 14456, United States
| | - Alexa N. Hill
- Department of Chemistry, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Geneva, New York 14456, United States
| | - Katrina H. Kiesow
- Department of Chemistry, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Geneva, New York 14456, United States
| | - Rachel E. Langenbacher
- Department of Chemistry, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Geneva, New York 14456, United States
| | - Yuhan Xun
- Department of Chemistry, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Geneva, New York 14456, United States
| | - Ryan O. Young
- Department of Chemistry, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Geneva, New York 14456, United States
| | - Walter J. Bowyer
- Department of Chemistry, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Geneva, New York 14456, United States
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49
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Révész Á, Schröder D, Svec J, Wimmerová M, Sindelar V. Anion Binding by Bambus[6]uril Probed in the Gas Phase and in Solution. J Phys Chem A 2011; 115:11378-86. [DOI: 10.1021/jp205218k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ágnes Révész
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Detlef Schröder
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
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50
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Nature of the intermediates formed during indium mediated allylation under Barbier conditions. Spectroscopic and experimental data on allylindium species. Tetrahedron 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2011.06.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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