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Blanes-Díaz A, Shohel M, Rice NT, Piedmonte I, McDonald MA, Jorabchi K, Kozimor SA, Bertke JA, Nyman M, Knope KE. Synthesis and Characterization of Cerium-Oxo Clusters Capped by Acetylacetonate. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:9406-9417. [PMID: 37792316 PMCID: PMC11134509 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c02141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Cerium-oxo clusters have applications in fields ranging from catalysis to electronics and also hold the potential to inform on aspects of actinide chemistry. Toward this end, a cerium-acetylacetonate (acac1-) monomeric molecule, Ce(acac)4 (Ce-1), and two acac1--decorated cerium-oxo clusters, [Ce10O8(acac)14(CH3O)6(CH3OH)2]·10.5MeOH (Ce-10) and [Ce12O12(OH)4(acac)16(CH3COO)2]·6(CH3CN) (Ce-12), were prepared and structurally characterized. The Ce(acac)4 monomer contains CeIV. Crystallographic data and bond valence summation values for the Ce-10 and Ce-12 clusters are consistent with both clusters having a mixture of CeIII and CeIV cations. Ce L3-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy, performed on Ce-10, showed contributions from both CeIII and CeIV. The Ce-10 cluster is built from a hexameric cluster, with six CeIV sites, that is capped by two dimeric CeIII units. By comparison, Ce-12, which formed upon dissolution of Ce-10 in acetonitrile, consists of a central decamer built from edge sharing CeIV hexameric units, and two monomeric CeIII sites that are bound on the outer corners of the inner Ce10 core. Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry data for solutions prepared by dissolving Ce-10 in acetonitrile showed that the major ions could be attributed to Ce10 clusters that differed primarily in the number of acac1-, OH1-, MeO1-, and O2- ligands. Small angle X-ray scattering measurements for Ce-10 dissolved in acetonitrile showed structural units slightly larger than either Ce10 or Ce12 in solution, likely due to aggregation. Taken together, these results suggest that the acetylacetonate supported clusters can support diverse solution-phase speciation in organic solutions that could lead to stabilization of higher order cerium containing clusters, such as cluster sizes that are greater than the Ce10 and Ce12 reported herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anamar Blanes-Díaz
- Department
of Chemistry, Georgetown University, 37th and O Streets NW, Washington, D.C. 20057, United States
| | - Mohammad Shohel
- Department
of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
| | - Natalie T. Rice
- Los
Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), P.O. Box 1663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Ida Piedmonte
- Los
Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), P.O. Box 1663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Morgan A. McDonald
- Department
of Chemistry, Georgetown University, 37th and O Streets NW, Washington, D.C. 20057, United States
| | - Kaveh Jorabchi
- Department
of Chemistry, Georgetown University, 37th and O Streets NW, Washington, D.C. 20057, United States
| | - Stosh A. Kozimor
- Los
Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), P.O. Box 1663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Jeffery A. Bertke
- Department
of Chemistry, Georgetown University, 37th and O Streets NW, Washington, D.C. 20057, United States
| | - May Nyman
- Department
of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
| | - Karah E. Knope
- Department
of Chemistry, Georgetown University, 37th and O Streets NW, Washington, D.C. 20057, United States
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Qu J, Sui M, Li R. Recent advances in in-situ transmission electron microscopy techniques for heterogeneous catalysis. iScience 2023; 26:107072. [PMID: 37534164 PMCID: PMC10391733 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The process of heterogeneous catalytic reaction under working conditions has long been considered a "black box", which is mainly because of the difficulties in directly characterizing the structural changes of catalysts at the atomic level during catalytic reactions. The development of in situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques offers opportunities for introducing a realistic chemical reaction environment in TEM, making it possible to uncover the mystery of catalytic reactions. In this article, we present a comprehensive overview of the application of in situ TEM techniques in heterogeneous catalysis, highlighting its utility for observing gas-solid and liquid-solid reactions during thermal catalysis, electrocatalysis, and photocatalysis. in situ TEM has a unique advantage in revealing the complex structural changes of catalysts during chemical reactions. Revealing the real-time dynamic structure during reaction processes is crucial for understanding the intricate relationship between catalyst structure and its catalytic performance. Finally, we present a perspective on the future challenges and opportunities of in situ TEM in heterogeneous catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangshan Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, The Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM-2011), Dalian 116023, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Manling Sui
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Microstructure and Properties of Solids, Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Rengui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, The Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM-2011), Dalian 116023, China
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3
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Feng Q, Zhu G, Wang K, Li X, Lv Y, Wang C, Piao DM, Din SZU, Li S. Contribution analysis of different electron transfer pathways to methane production in anaerobic digestion coupled with bioelectrochemical system. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 849:157745. [PMID: 35921925 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The contribution analysis of different electron transfer pathways to CH4 production was investigated in bioelectrochemical anaerobic digestion (BEAD). It demonstrates that the indirect interspecies electron transfer (IIET) pathway and the direct interspecies electron transfer (DIET) pathways contributed to 41.7 % and 58.3 % of the CH4 production in the BEAD reactor, respectively. The DIET pathway was further divided into DIET via electrode (eDIET) and biological DIET (bDIET) in the bulk solution, and contributed 11.1 % and 47.2 % of CH4 production, respectively. This indicates that the dominant electron transfer pathway for CH4 production is from the bulk solution, rather than on the polarized electrode. The electroactive microorganisms were well enriched in the bulk solution by the electric field generated between anode and cathode. The enriched electroactive microorganisms significantly improved the CH4 production in the bulk solution through the bDIET pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Feng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China.
| | - Guanyu Zhu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
| | - Keqiang Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
| | - Xiaoxiang Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
| | - Yaowei Lv
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
| | - Chen Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
| | - Dong-Mei Piao
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, 727 Taejong-ro, Yeongdo-Gu, Busan 49112, Republic of Korea.
| | - Syed Zaheer Ud Din
- International School for Optoelectronic Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
| | - Shuping Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
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4
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Fang Y, Zhang Q, Zhang H, Li X, Chen W, Xu J, Shen H, Yang J, Pan C, Zhu Y, Wang J, Luo Z, Wang L, Bai X, Song F, Zhang L, Guo Y. Dual Activation of Molecular Oxygen and Surface Lattice Oxygen in Single Atom Cu
1
/TiO
2
Catalyst for CO Oxidation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202212273. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202212273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yarong Fang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education Institute of Environmental and Applied Chemistry College of Chemistry Central China Normal University Wuhan 430079 China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education Institute of Environmental and Applied Chemistry College of Chemistry Central China Normal University Wuhan 430079 China
| | - Huan Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 201800 China
| | - Xiaomin Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Wei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education Institute of Environmental and Applied Chemistry College of Chemistry Central China Normal University Wuhan 430079 China
| | - Jue Xu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education Institute of Environmental and Applied Chemistry College of Chemistry Central China Normal University Wuhan 430079 China
| | - Huan Shen
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education Institute of Environmental and Applied Chemistry College of Chemistry Central China Normal University Wuhan 430079 China
| | - Ji Yang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education Institute of Environmental and Applied Chemistry College of Chemistry Central China Normal University Wuhan 430079 China
| | - Chuanqi Pan
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education Institute of Environmental and Applied Chemistry College of Chemistry Central China Normal University Wuhan 430079 China
| | - Yuhua Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education Institute of Environmental and Applied Chemistry College of Chemistry Central China Normal University Wuhan 430079 China
| | - Jinlong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education Institute of Environmental and Applied Chemistry College of Chemistry Central China Normal University Wuhan 430079 China
| | - Zhu Luo
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education Institute of Environmental and Applied Chemistry College of Chemistry Central China Normal University Wuhan 430079 China
| | - Liming Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials & Nanosafety Institute of High Energy Physics Department of Materials Science and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Xuedong Bai
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Fei Song
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 201800 China
| | - Lizhi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education Institute of Environmental and Applied Chemistry College of Chemistry Central China Normal University Wuhan 430079 China
| | - Yanbing Guo
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education Institute of Environmental and Applied Chemistry College of Chemistry Central China Normal University Wuhan 430079 China
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5
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The Emergence of the Ubiquity of Cerium in Heterogeneous Oxidation Catalysis Science and Technology. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12090959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Research into the incorporation of cerium into a diverse range of catalyst systems for a wide spectrum of process chemistries has expanded rapidly. This has been evidenced since about 1980 in the increasing number of both scientific research journals and patent publications that address the application of cerium as a component of a multi-metal oxide system and as a support material for metal catalysts. This review chronicles both the applied and fundamental research into cerium-containing oxide catalysts where cerium’s redox activity confers enhanced and new catalytic functionality. Application areas of cerium-containing catalysts include selective oxidation, combustion, NOx remediation, and the production of sustainable chemicals and materials via bio-based feedstocks, among others. The newfound interest in cerium-containing catalysts stems from the benefits achieved by cerium’s inclusion, which include selectivity, activity, and stability. These benefits arise because of cerium’s unique combination of chemical and thermal stability, its redox active properties, its ability to stabilize defect structures in multicomponent oxides, and its propensity to stabilize catalytically optimal oxidation states of other multivalent elements. This review surveys the origins and some of the current directions in the research and application of cerium oxide-based catalysts.
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6
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Wang X, Xie H, Knapp JG, Wasson MC, Wu Y, Ma K, Stone AEBS, Krzyaniak MD, Chen Y, Zhang X, Notestein JM, Wasielewski MR, Farha OK. Mechanistic Investigation of Enhanced Catalytic Selectivity toward Alcohol Oxidation with Ce Oxysulfate Clusters. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:12092-12101. [PMID: 35786950 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c02625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Ceria-based materials have been highly desired in photocatalytic reactions due to their redox properties and strong oxygen storage and transfer ability. Herein, we report the structures of one CeCe70 oxysulfate cluster and four MCe70 clusters (M = Cu, Ni, Co, and Fe) with the same Ce70 core. As noted, single-crystal X-ray diffraction confirmed the structures of CeCe70 and the MCe70 series, while Raman spectroscopy indicated an increase in oxygen defects upon the introduction of Cu and Fe ions. The clusters catalyzed the oxidation of 4-methoxybenzyl alcohol under ultraviolet light. CuCe70 and FeCe70 exhibited enhanced reactivity compared to CeCe70 and improved aldehyde selectivity compared to control experiments. In comparison with their homogeneous congeners, the CeCe70/MCe70 clusters altered the location of radical generation from the bulk solution to the clusters' surfaces. Mechanistic studies highlight the role of oxygen defects and specific transition metal introduction for efficient photocatalysis. The mechanistic pathway in this study provides insight into how to select or design a highly selective catalyst for photocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingjie Wang
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern, and Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Haomiao Xie
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern, and Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Julia G Knapp
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern, and Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Megan C Wasson
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern, and Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Yufang Wu
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern, and Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Kaikai Ma
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern, and Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Aaron E B S Stone
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern, and Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Matthew D Krzyaniak
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern, and Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Yijing Chen
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern, and Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Xuan Zhang
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern, and Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Justin M Notestein
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Michael R Wasielewski
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern, and Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Omar K Farha
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern, and Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.,Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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7
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Zhang Y, Zhao S, Feng J, Song S, Shi W, Wang D, Zhang H. Unraveling the physical chemistry and materials science of CeO2-based nanostructures. Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2021.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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8
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Liu C, Ma C, Xu J, Qiao R, Sun H, Li X, Xu Z, Gao P, Wang E, Liu K, Bai X. Development of in situ optical spectroscopy with high temporal resolution in an aberration-corrected transmission electron microscope. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2021; 92:013704. [PMID: 33514196 DOI: 10.1063/5.0031115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Exploring the corresponding relation between structural and physical properties of materials at the atomic scale remains the fundamental problem in science. With the development of the aberration-corrected transmission electron microscopy (AC-TEM) and the ultrafast optical spectroscopy technique, sub-angstrom-scale spatial resolution and femtosecond-scale temporal resolution can be achieved, respectively. However, the attempt to combine both their advantages is still a great challenge. Here, we develop in situ optical spectroscopy with high temporal resolution in AC-TEM by utilizing a self-designed and manufactured TEM specimen holder, which has the capacity of sub-angstrom-scale spatial resolution and femtosecond-scale temporal resolution. The key and unique design of our apparatus is the use of the fiber bundle, which enables the delivery of focused pulse beams into TEM and collection of optical response simultaneously. The generated focused spot has a size less than 2 µm and can be scanned in plane with an area larger than 75 × 75 µm2. Most importantly, the positive group-velocity dispersion caused by glass fiber is compensated by a pair of diffraction gratings, thus resulting in the generation of pulse beams with a pulse width of about 300 fs (@ 3 mW) in TEM. The in situ experiment, observing the atomic structure of CdSe/ZnS quantum dots in AC-TEM and obtaining the photoluminescence lifetime (∼4.3 ns) in the meantime, has been realized. Further ultrafast optical spectroscopy with femtosecond-scale temporal resolution could be performed in TEM by utilizing this apparatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Chaojie Ma
- School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jinjing Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Ruixi Qiao
- School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Huacong Sun
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xiaomin Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Zhi Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Peng Gao
- School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Enge Wang
- School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Kaihui Liu
- School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xuedong Bai
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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9
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Cai W, Dong J, Chen Q, Xu T, Zhai S, Liu X, Cui L, Zhang S. One-pot microwave-assisted synthesis of Cu-Ce0.8Zr0.2O2 with flower-like morphology: Enhanced stability for ethanol dry reforming. ADV POWDER TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apt.2020.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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10
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Zhou Y. Controllable design, synthesis and characterization of nanostructured rare earth metal oxides. PHYSICAL SCIENCES REVIEWS 2020. [DOI: 10.1515/psr-2018-0084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Rare earth metal oxide nanomaterials have drawn much attention in recent decades due to their unique properties and promising applications in catalysis, chemical and biological sensing, separation, and optical devices. Because of the strong structure–property correlation, controllable synthesis of nanomaterials with desired properties has long been the most important topic in nanoscience and nanotechnology and still maintains a grand challenge. A variety of methods, involving chemical, physical, and hybrid method, have been developed to precisely control nanomaterials, including size, shape, dimensionality, crystal structure, composition, and homogeneity. These nanostructural parameters play essential roles in determining the final properties of functional nanomaterials. Full understanding of nanomaterial properties through characterization is vital in elucidating the fundamental principles in synthesis and applications. It allows researchers to discover the correlations between the reaction parameters and nanomaterial properties, offers valuable insights in improving synthetic routes, and provokes new design strategies for nanostructures. In application systems, it extrapolates the structure–activity relationship and reaction mechanism and helps to establish quality model for similar reaction processes. The purpose of this chapter is to provide a comprehensive overview and a practical guide of rare earth oxide nanomaterial design and characterization, with special focus on the well-established synthetic methods and the conventional and advanced analytical techniques. This chapter addresses each synthetic method with its advantages and certain disadvantages, and specifically provides synthetic strategies, typical procedures and features of resulting nanomaterials for the widely-used chemical methods, such as hydrothermal, solvothermal, sol–gel, co-precipitation, thermal decomposition, etc. For the nanomaterial characterization, a practical guide for each technique is addressed, including working principle, applications, materials requirements, experimental design and data analysis. In particular, electron and force microscopy are illuminated for their powerful functions in determining size, shape, and crystal structure, while X-ray based techniques are discussed for crystalline, electronic, and atomic structural determination for oxide nanomaterials. Additionally, the advanced characterization methodologies of synchrotron-based techniques and in situ methods are included. These non-traditional methods become more and more popular because of their capabilities of offering unusual nanostructural information, short experiment time, and in-depth problem solution.
Graphical Abstract:
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11
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de Carvalho RC, Betts AJ, Cassidy JF. Formation of p-n junctions in nanoparticle cerium oxide electrolytic cells displaying memristive switching behaviour. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:4216-4224. [PMID: 32043100 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp06016b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A macro-scale metal-semiconductor-metal device comprising CeO2 nanoparticles cast from a suspension of cerium dioxide formed by a novel synthetic method was fabricated. Thin CeO2 films of 40 nm thickness placed between panels of aluminium and/or copper displayed memristive-like resistive switching behaviour upon the application of potential sweeps ranging between -0.6 V and 0.6 V. A mechanism is proposed based on the notion that an electrolytic cell operates under such conditions with the initial formation of p and n-type regions within the central semiconductive thin film. Evidence is presented for the existence of numerous point defects in these nanosized CeO2 films, which are also likely to play a role in the device's operation acting as internal dopants. Steady currents were observed upon the imposition of constant potentials, most notably at higher potential values (both anodic and cathodic). It is suggested that electrons and holes act as charge carriers in these devices rather than ionic species as proposed in some other mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafaela C de Carvalho
- Applied Electrochemistry Group, FOCAS, Technological University Dublin, Kevin St, Dublin 8, Ireland.
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12
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Atomic-scale imaging of the defect dynamics in ceria nanowires under heating by in situ aberration-corrected TEM. Sci China Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-019-9624-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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13
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Zhu L, Chen S, Zhang H, Zhang J, Sun Y, Li X, Xu Z, Wang L, Sun J, Gao P, Wang W, Bai X. Strain-Inhibited Electromigration of Oxygen Vacancies in LaCoO 3. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:36800-36806. [PMID: 31539219 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b08406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The oxygen vacancy profile in LaCoO3 exhibits rich phases with distinct structures, symmetries, and magnetic properties. Exploration of the lattice degree of freedom of LaCoO3 in the transition between these different structural phases may provide a route to enable new functionality in oxide materials with potential applications. To date, the oxygen vacancy profile transition in LaCoO3 has mainly been induced by transition-metal doping or thermal treatment. Epitaxial strain was proposed to compete with the lattice degree of freedom but has not yet been rationalized. Here, the experimental findings of strain-inhibited structural transition from perovskite to brownmillerite during the electromigration of oxygen vacancies in epitaxial LaCoO3 thin films are demonstrated. The results indicate that the oxygen vacancy ordering phase induced by the electric field is suppressed locally by both epitaxial strain field and external loads shown by in situ aberration-corrected (scanning)/ transmission electron microscopy. The demonstrated complex interplay between the electric and strain fields in the structural transitions of LaCoO3 opens up prospects for manipulating new physical properties by external excitations and/or strain engineering of a substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics , Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
- School of Physical Sciences , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
| | - Shulin Chen
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, and International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining , Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin 150001 , China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics , Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
- School of Physical Sciences , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
| | - Jine Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics , Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
- School of Physical Sciences , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
| | - Yuanwei Sun
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, and International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
| | - Xiaomin Li
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, and International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
| | - Zhi Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics , Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory , Dongguan , Guangdong 523808 , China
| | - Lifen Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics , Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
| | - Jirong Sun
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics , Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
- School of Physical Sciences , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory , Dongguan , Guangdong 523808 , China
| | - Peng Gao
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, and International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter , Beijing 100871 , China
| | - Wenlong Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics , Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory , Dongguan , Guangdong 523808 , China
| | - Xuedong Bai
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics , Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
- School of Physical Sciences , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory , Dongguan , Guangdong 523808 , China
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14
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Liu J, Zhao Z, Xu C, Liu J. Structure, synthesis, and catalytic properties of nanosize cerium-zirconium-based solid solutions in environmental catalysis. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2067(19)63400-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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15
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Kwon DH, Lee S, Kang CS, Choi YS, Kang SJ, Cho HL, Sohn W, Jo J, Lee SY, Oh KH, Noh TW, De Souza RA, Martin M, Kim M. Unraveling the Origin and Mechanism of Nanofilament Formation in Polycrystalline SrTiO 3 Resistive Switching Memories. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1901322. [PMID: 31106484 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201901322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Three central themes in the study of the phenomenon of resistive switching are the nature of the conducting phase, why it forms, and how it forms. In this study, the answers to all three questions are provided by performing switching experiments in situ in a transmission electron microscope on thin films of the model system polycrystalline SrTiO3 . On the basis of high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, electron-energy-loss spectroscopy and in situ current-voltage measurements, the conducting phase is identified to be SrTi11 O20 . This phase is only observed at specific grain boundaries, and a Ruddlesden-Popper phase, Sr3 Ti2 O7 , is typically observed adjacent to the conducting phase. These results allow not only the proposal that filament formation in this system has a thermodynamic origin-it is driven by electrochemical polarization and the local oxygen activity in the film decreasing below a critical value-but also the deduction of a phase diagram for strongly reduced SrTiO3 . Furthermore, why many conducting filaments are nucleated at one electrode but only one filament wins the race to the opposite electrode is also explained. The work thus provides detailed insights into the origin and mechanisms of filament generation and rupture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deok-Hwang Kwon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Shinbuhm Lee
- Department of Emerging Materials Science, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Soon Kang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Seok Choi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Jin Kang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Lim Cho
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Woonbae Sohn
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Janghyun Jo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Yong Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu Hwan Oh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Won Noh
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Center for Correlated Electron Systems, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Roger A De Souza
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, 52074, Germany
| | - Manfred Martin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, 52074, Germany
| | - Miyoung Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Center for Correlated Electron Systems, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
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16
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Chen S, Zhang X, Zhao J, Zhang Y, Kong G, Li Q, Li N, Yu Y, Xu N, Zhang J, Liu K, Zhao Q, Cao J, Feng J, Li X, Qi J, Yu D, Li J, Gao P. Atomic scale insights into structure instability and decomposition pathway of methylammonium lead iodide perovskite. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4807. [PMID: 30442950 PMCID: PMC6237850 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07177-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites are promising candidates for the next-generation solar cells. Many efforts have been made to study their structures in the search for a better mechanistic understanding to guide the materials optimization. Here, we investigate the structure instability of the single-crystalline CH3NH3PbI3 (MAPbI3) film by using transmission electron microscopy. We find that MAPbI3 is very sensitive to the electron beam illumination and rapidly decomposes into the hexagonal PbI2. We propose a decomposition pathway, initiated with the loss of iodine ions, resulting in eventual collapse of perovskite structure and its decomposition into PbI2. These findings impose important question on the interpretation of experimental data based on electron diffraction and highlight the need to circumvent material decomposition in future electron microscopy studies. The structural evolution during decomposition process also sheds light on the structure instability of organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites in solar cell applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shulin Chen
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Jinjin Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shijiazhuang Tiedao University, Shijiazhuang, 050043, China.
| | - Ying Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shijiazhuang Tiedao University, Shijiazhuang, 050043, China
| | - Guoli Kong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shijiazhuang Tiedao University, Shijiazhuang, 050043, China
| | - Qian Li
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Ning Li
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yue Yu
- Center for Nanochemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Ningan Xu
- Oxford Instruments Technology (Shanghai) Co. Ltd., Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Jingmin Zhang
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Kaihui Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Qing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Jian Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Jicai Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Xinzheng Li
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Junlei Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China.
| | - Dapeng Yu
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing, 100871, China
- Department of Physics, South University of Science and Technology of China, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Jiangyu Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Nanobiomechanics, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China.
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195-2600, USA.
| | - Peng Gao
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China.
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing, 100871, China.
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17
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Lu Y, Geng J, Wang K, Zhang W, Ding W, Zhang Z, Xie S, Dai H, Chen FR, Sui M. Modifying Surface Chemistry of Metal Oxides for Boosting Dissolution Kinetics in Water by Liquid Cell Electron Microscopy. ACS NANO 2017; 11:8018-8025. [PMID: 28738154 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b02656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Dissolution of metal oxides is fundamentally important for understanding mineral evolution and micromachining oxide functional materials. In general, dissolution of metal oxides is a slow and inefficient chemical reaction. Here, by introducing oxygen deficiencies to modify the surface chemistry of oxides, we can boost the dissolution kinetics of metal oxides in water, as in situ demonstrated in a liquid environmental transmission electron microscope (LETEM). The dissolution rate constant significantly increases by 16-19 orders of magnitude, equivalent to a reduction of 0.97-1.11 eV in activation energy, as compared with the normal dissolution in acid. It is evidenced from the high-resolution TEM imaging, electron energy loss spectra, and first-principle calculations where the dissolution route of metal oxides is dynamically changed by local interoperability between altered water chemistry and surface oxygen deficiencies via electron radiolysis. This discovery inspires the development of a highly efficient electron lithography method for metal oxide films in ecofriendly water, which offers an advanced technique for nanodevice fabrication.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Materials Science, Jilin University , Changchun 130012, China
| | | | | | | | | | - Fu-Rong Chen
- Department of Engineering and System Science, National Tsing Hua University , Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
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18
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Rzigalinski BA, Carfagna CS, Ehrich M. Cerium oxide nanoparticles in neuroprotection and considerations for efficacy and safety. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 9:10.1002/wnan.1444. [PMID: 27860449 PMCID: PMC5422143 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cerium oxide nanoparticles have widespread use in the materials industry, and have recently come into consideration for biomedical use due to their potent regenerative antioxidant properties. Given that the brain is one of the most highly oxidative organs in the body, it is subject to some of the greatest levels of oxidative stress, particularly in neurodegenerative disease. Therefore, cerium oxide nanoparticles are currently being investigated for efficacy in several neurodegenerative disorders and have shown promising levels of neuroprotection. This review discusses the basis for cerium oxide nanoparticle use in neurodegenerative disease and its hypothesized mechanism of action. The review focuses on an up-to-date summary of in vivo work with cerium oxide nanoparticles in animal models of neurodegenerative disease. Additionally, we examine the current state of information regarding biodistribution, toxicity, and safety for cerium oxide nanoparticles at the in vivo level. Finally, we discuss future directions that are necessary if this nanopharmaceutical is to move up from the bench to the bedside. WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 2017, 9:e1444. doi: 10.1002/wnan.1444 For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Charles S Carfagna
- Molecular Materials Discovery Center, Macromolecular Innovations Institute, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Marion Ehrich
- Virginia Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA, USA
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19
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Baumans XDA, Lombardo J, Brisbois J, Shaw G, Zharinov VS, He G, Yu H, Yuan J, Zhu B, Jin K, Kramer RBG, de Vondel JV, Silhanek AV. Healing Effect of Controlled Anti-Electromigration on Conventional and High-T c Superconducting Nanowires. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2017; 13:1700384. [PMID: 28544388 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201700384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Revised: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The electromigration process has the potential capability to move atoms one by one when properly controlled. It is therefore an appealing tool to tune the cross section of monoatomic compounds with ultimate resolution or, in the case of polyatomic compounds, to change the stoichiometry with the same atomic precision. As demonstrated here, a combination of electromigration and anti-electromigration can be used to reversibly displace atoms with a high degree of control. This enables a fine adjustment of the superconducting properties of Al weak links, whereas in Nb the diffusion of atoms leads to a more irreversible process. In a superconductor with a complex unit cell (La2-x Cex CuO4 ), the electromigration process acts selectively on the oxygen atoms with no apparent modification of the structure. This allows to adjust the doping of this compound and switch from a superconducting to an insulating state in a nearly reversible fashion. In addition, the conditions needed to replace feedback controlled electromigration by a simpler technique of electropulsing are discussed. These findings have a direct practical application as a method to explore the dependence of the characteristic parameters on the exact oxygen content and pave the way for a reversible control of local properties of nanowires.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier D A Baumans
- Experimental Physics of Nanostructured Materials, Q-MAT, CESAM, Université de Liège, B-4000, Sart Tilman, Belgium
| | - Joseph Lombardo
- Experimental Physics of Nanostructured Materials, Q-MAT, CESAM, Université de Liège, B-4000, Sart Tilman, Belgium
| | - Jérémy Brisbois
- Experimental Physics of Nanostructured Materials, Q-MAT, CESAM, Université de Liège, B-4000, Sart Tilman, Belgium
| | - Gorky Shaw
- Experimental Physics of Nanostructured Materials, Q-MAT, CESAM, Université de Liège, B-4000, Sart Tilman, Belgium
| | - Vyacheslav S Zharinov
- INPAC - Institute for Nanoscale Physics and Chemistry, Department of Physics and Astronomy, KU Leuven, B-3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ge He
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Heshan Yu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Jie Yuan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Beiyi Zhu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Kui Jin
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Roman B G Kramer
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Institut NEEL, F-38000, Grenoble, France
- CNRS, Institut NEEL, F-38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Joris Van de Vondel
- INPAC - Institute for Nanoscale Physics and Chemistry, Department of Physics and Astronomy, KU Leuven, B-3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Alejandro V Silhanek
- Experimental Physics of Nanostructured Materials, Q-MAT, CESAM, Université de Liège, B-4000, Sart Tilman, Belgium
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20
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Yao L, Inkinen S, van Dijken S. Direct observation of oxygen vacancy-driven structural and resistive phase transitions in La 2/3Sr 1/3MnO 3. Nat Commun 2017; 8:14544. [PMID: 28230081 PMCID: PMC5331213 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Resistive switching in transition metal oxides involves intricate physical and chemical behaviours with potential for non-volatile memory and memristive devices. Although oxygen vacancy migration is known to play a crucial role in resistive switching of oxides, an in-depth understanding of oxygen vacancy-driven effects requires direct imaging of atomic-scale dynamic processes and their real-time impact on resistance changes. Here we use in situ transmission electron microscopy to demonstrate reversible switching between three resistance states in epitaxial La2/3Sr1/3MnO3 films. Simultaneous high-resolution imaging and resistance probing indicate that the switching events are caused by the formation of uniform structural phases. Reversible horizontal migration of oxygen vacancies within the manganite film, driven by combined effects of Joule heating and bias voltage, predominantly triggers the structural and resistive transitions. Our findings open prospects for ionotronic devices based on dynamic control of physical properties in complex oxide nanostructures. An in-depth understanding of oxygen vacancy-driven effects is necessary for the development of functional ionic devices. Using simultaneous high-resolution imaging and resistance probing, Yao et al. demonstrate oxygen vacancy-driven structural and resistive transitions between three distinct phases in La2/3Sr1/3MnO3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lide Yao
- NanoSpin, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University School of Science, P.O. Box 15100, Espoo, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Sampo Inkinen
- NanoSpin, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University School of Science, P.O. Box 15100, Espoo, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Sebastiaan van Dijken
- NanoSpin, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University School of Science, P.O. Box 15100, Espoo, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
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21
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Li X, Qi K, Sun M, Huang Q, Wei J, Xu Z, Wang W, Bai X. Unraveling the “Seesaw” Competition between the Electrically Driven Reduction and Reoxidation Processes in Ceria with In Situ Electron Microscopy. ChemCatChem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201600974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Kuo Qi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Muhua Sun
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Qianming Huang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Jiake Wei
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Zhi Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Wenlong Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Xuedong Bai
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter; Beijing P. R. China
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22
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Gao P, Liu HJ, Huang YL, Chu YH, Ishikawa R, Feng B, Jiang Y, Shibata N, Wang EG, Ikuhara Y. Atomic mechanism of polarization-controlled surface reconstruction in ferroelectric thin films. Nat Commun 2016; 7:11318. [PMID: 27090766 PMCID: PMC4838897 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms11318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
At the ferroelectric surface, the broken translational symmetry induced bound charge should significantly alter the local atomic configurations. Experimentally revealing the atomic structure of ferroelectric surface, however, is very challenging due to the strong spatial variety between nano-sized domains, and strong interactions between the polarization and other structural parameters. Here, we study surface structures of Pb(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3 thin film by using the annular bright-field imaging. We find that six atomic layers with suppressed polarization and a charged 180° domain wall are at negatively poled surfaces, no reconstruction exists at positively poled surfaces, and seven atomic layers with suppressed polarization and a charged 90° domain wall exist at nominally neutral surfaces in ferroelastic domains. Our results provide critical insights into engineering ferroelectric thin films, fine grain ceramics and surface chemistry devices. The state-of-the-art methodology demonstrated here can greatly advance our understanding of surface science for oxides. Miniature of electronic devices is attractive yet challenging due to structural variation at nanoscale. Here, Gao et al. report atomic imaging of reconstruction and unusual domain walls on Pb(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3 surfaces, providing possibilities to engineer nanoscale structural change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Gao
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, School of Physics, Center for Nanochemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Heng-Jui Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan 30010, China
| | - Yen-Lin Huang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan 30010, China
| | - Ying-Hao Chu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan 30010, China.,Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan 105, China
| | - Ryo Ishikawa
- Institute of Engineering Innovation, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Bin Feng
- Institute of Engineering Innovation, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Ying Jiang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing 100871, China.,International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Naoya Shibata
- Institute of Engineering Innovation, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - En-Ge Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing 100871, China.,International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yuichi Ikuhara
- Institute of Engineering Innovation, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.,Nanostructures Research Laboratory, Japan Fine Ceramic Center, Nagoya 456-8587, Japan.,WPI Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
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23
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Gao P, Wang L, Zhang Y, Huang Y, Liu K. Atomic-Scale Probing of the Dynamics of Sodium Transport and Intercalation-Induced Phase Transformations in MoS₂. ACS NANO 2015; 9:11296-301. [PMID: 26389724 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b04950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
For alkali-metal-ion batteries, probing the dynamic processes of ion transport in electrodes is critical to gain insights into understanding how the electrode functions and thus how we can improve it. Here, by using in situ high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, we probe the dynamics of Na transport in MoS2 nanostructures in real-time and compare the intercalation kinetics with previous lithium insertion. We find that Na intercalation follows the two-phase reaction mechanism, that is, trigonal prismatic 2H-MoS2 → octahedral 1T-NaMoS2, and the phase boundary is ∼2 nm thick. The velocity of the phase boundary at <10 nm/s is 1 order smaller than that of lithium diffusion, suggesting sluggish kinetics for sodium intercalation. The newly formed 1T-NaMoS2 contains a high density of defects and series superstructure domains with typical sizes of ∼3-5 nm. Our results provide valuable insights into finding suitable Na electrode materials and understanding the properties of transition metal dichalcogenide MoS2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Gao
- School of Physics, Center for Nanochemistry, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China
| | - Liping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China , Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Yuyang Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yuan Huang
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory , Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Kaihui Liu
- School of Physics, Center for Nanochemistry, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China
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24
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In-situ electrochemical route to aerogel electrode materials of graphene and hexagonal CeO2. J Colloid Interface Sci 2015; 446:77-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2015.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2014] [Revised: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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25
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Penkala B, Aubert D, Kaper H, Tardivat C, Conder K, Paulus W. The role of lattice oxygen in CO oxidation over Ce18O2-based catalysts revealed under operando conditions. Catal Sci Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cy00842e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the role of lattice oxygen in CO oxidation over ceria-based compounds, revealed by the combination of novel isotope-based techniques, ILARS and ILPOR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartosz Penkala
- University of Montpellier
- Institut Charles Gerhardt
- UMR 5253
- C2M
- Montpellier
| | - Daniel Aubert
- Ceramic Synthesis and Functionalization Laboratory
- Saint-Gobain CREE
- Cavaillon
- France
| | - Helena Kaper
- Ceramic Synthesis and Functionalization Laboratory
- Saint-Gobain CREE
- Cavaillon
- France
| | - Caroline Tardivat
- Ceramic Synthesis and Functionalization Laboratory
- Saint-Gobain CREE
- Cavaillon
- France
| | | | - Werner Paulus
- University of Montpellier
- Institut Charles Gerhardt
- UMR 5253
- C2M
- Montpellier
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26
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Wang L, Liu D, Yang S, Tian X, Zhang G, Wang W, Wang E, Xu Z, Bai X. Exotic reaction front migration and stage structure in lithiated silicon nanowires. ACS NANO 2014; 8:8249-8254. [PMID: 25062355 DOI: 10.1021/nn502621k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Nanostructured silicon anodes, which possess extremely high energy density and accommodate large strain without pulverization, have been developed rapidly for high-power lithium ion batteries. Here, using in situ transmission electron microscopy, the lithiation behavior of silicon nanowires with diameters smaller than 60 nm was investigated. The study demonstrated a direct dependence of the self-limiting lithiation on the pristine diameter. A "punch-through" lithiation process at the core of nanowires with pristine diameters slightly larger than the self-limiting threshold is suggested to occur with the consequent formation of a stage structure. Our work demonstrates the crucial role of mechanical stress and local defects in determining the migration and geometry of the reaction front at the mesoscopic scale. This intriguing finding holds critical significance for the application of silicon nanostructures in high-power lithium ion batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifen Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, China
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Li B, Gu T, Ming T, Wang J, Wang P, Wang J, Yu JC. (Gold core)@(ceria shell) nanostructures for plasmon-enhanced catalytic reactions under visible light. ACS NANO 2014; 8:8152-62. [PMID: 25029556 DOI: 10.1021/nn502303h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Driving catalytic reactions with sunlight is an excellent example of sustainable chemistry. A prerequisite of solar-driven catalytic reactions is the development of photocatalysts with high solar-harvesting efficiencies and catalytic activities. Herein, we describe a general approach for uniformly coating ceria on monometallic and bimetallic nanocrystals through heterogeneous nucleation and growth. The method allows for control of the shape, size, and type of the metal core as well as the thickness of the ceria shell. The plasmon shifts of the Au@CeO2 nanostructures resulting from the switching between Ce(IV) and Ce(III) are observed. The selective oxidation of benzyl alcohol to benzaldehyde, one of the fundamental reactions for organic synthesis, performed under both broad-band and monochromatic light, demonstrates the visible-light-driven catalytic activity and reveals the synergistic effect on the enhanced catalysis of the Au@CeO2 nanostructures.
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Xu TT, Ning ZY, Shi TW, Fu MQ, Wang JY, Chen Q. A platform for in-situ multi-probe electronic measurements and modification of nanodevices inside a transmission electron microscope. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2014; 25:225702. [PMID: 24830433 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/25/22/225702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We developed a new platform that enables in-situ four-probe electronic measurements, in-situ three-probe field-effect measurements, nanomanipulation, and in-situ modification of nanodevices inside a transmission electron microscope (TEM). The platform includes a specially designed chip-holder and a silicon (Si) chip with suspended metal electrodes. The chip-holder can hold one Si chip with a size up to 3 mm × 3 mm and provides four electrical connections that can be connected to the micrometer-sized electrodes on the Si chip by wire-bonding. The other side of the electrical connections on the chip-holder is connected to the electronic instruments outside the TEM through a commercial Nanofactory SPM-TEM holder. The Si chip with suspended metal electrodes on one of its edges was fabricated by lithography and wet etching. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs), InAs nanowires, and tungsten disulfide nanowires were placed to stride over and connect to the suspended electrodes on the Si chip by nanomanipulations inside a scanning electron microscope (SEM). By using the platform, I-V curves of an individual single-walled CNT connecting to four electrodes were in-situ measured between any two of the four suspended electrodes, and a high-resolution TEM image of the same CNT was obtained. Furthermore, four-terminal I-V measurement on an InAs nanowire was achieved on this platform, and with a movable probe used as a gate electrode, field-effect measurement on the same InAs nanowire device was accomplished in SEM. In addition, by using the movable probe on the SPM-TEM holder, we could further in-situ modify nanomaterial and nanodevices. The present work demonstrates a method that allows a direct correlation between the atomic-level structure and the electronic property of nanomaterials or nanodevices whose structure can be further modified in-situ.
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Wang L, Xu Z, Wang W, Bai X. Atomic mechanism of dynamic electrochemical lithiation processes of MoS₂ nanosheets. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:6693-7. [PMID: 24725137 DOI: 10.1021/ja501686w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Layered molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) has been studied for decades for its diversity of structure and properties, where the structural dynamic evolution during lithium intercalation is an important but still indistinct, controversial topic. Here the electrochemical dynamic process of MoS2 nanosheets upon lithium intercalation has been systematically investigated by in situ high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. The results indicate that the lithiated MoS2 undergoes a trigonal prismatic (2H)-octahedral (1T) phase transition with a lithium ion occupying the interlayer S-S tetrahedron site in the 1T-LiMoS2. A pseudoperiodic structural modulation composed of polytype superlattices is also revealed as a consequence of the electron-lattice interaction. Furthermore, the shear mechanism of the 2H-1T phase transition has been confirmed by probing the dynamic phase boundary movement. The in situ real-time characterization at atomic scale provides a great leap forward in the fundamental understanding of the lithium ion storage mechanism in MoS2, which should be also of help for other transition metal dichalcogenides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifen Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, China
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Yang N, Doria S, Kumar A, Jang JH, Arruda TM, Tebano A, Jesse S, Ivanov IN, Baddorf AP, Strelcov E, Licoccia S, Borisevich AY, Balestrino G, Kalinin SV. Water-mediated electrochemical nano-writing on thin ceria films. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2014; 25:075701. [PMID: 24451184 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/25/7/075701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Bias dependent mechanisms of irreversible cathodic and anodic processes on a pure CeO2 film are studied using modified atomic force microscopy (AFM). For a moderate positive bias applied to the AFM tip an irreversible electrochemical reduction reaction is found, associated with significant local volume expansion. By changing the experimental conditions we are able to deduce the possible role of water in this process. Simultaneous detection of tip height and current allows the onset of conductivity and the electrochemical charge transfer process to be separated, further elucidating the reaction mechanism. The standard anodic/cathodic behavior is recovered in the high bias regime, where a sizable transport current flows between the tip and the film. These studies give insight into the mechanisms of the tip-induced electrochemical reactions as mediated by electronic currents, and into the role of water in these processes, as well as providing a different approach for electrochemical nano-writing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Yang
- NAST Center, University of Roma 'Tor Vergata', Rome, I-00133, Italy. CNR-SPIN and Department DICII, University of Roma 'Tor Vergata', Rome, I-00133, Italy
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Structure and chemical states of highly eptiaxial CeO2(001) films grown on SrTiO3 substrate by laser molecular beam epitaxy. J RARE EARTH 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/s1002-0721(12)60425-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Siegel DA, Chueh WC, El Gabaly F, McCarty KF, de la Figuera J, Blanco-Rey M. Determination of the surface structure of CeO2(111) by low-energy electron diffraction. J Chem Phys 2013; 139:114703. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4820826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
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Reduction of CeO2 in composites with transition metal complex oxides under hydrogen containing atmosphere and its correlation with catalytic activity. Front Chem Sci Eng 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s11705-013-1333-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Ge J, Ding H, Xue X. A Nanosheet-Structured Three-Dimensional Macroporous Material with High Ionic Conductivity Synthesized Using Glucose as a Transforming Template. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201107838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Lutz OMD, Hofer TS, Randolf BR, Weiss AKH, Rode BM. A QMCF-MD investigation of the structure and dynamics of Ce4+ in aqueous solution. Inorg Chem 2012; 51:6746-52. [PMID: 22651096 DOI: 10.1021/ic300385s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A quantum-mechanical charge-field molecular dynamics simulation has been performed for a tetravalent Ce ion in aqueous solution. In this framework, the complete first and second hydration spheres are treated by ab initio quantum mechanics supplemented by an electrostatic embedding technique, making the construction of non-Coulombic solute-solvent potentials unnecessary. During the 10 ps of simulation time, the structural aspects of the solution were analyzed by various methods. Experimental results such as the mean Ce-O bond distance and the predicted first-shell coordination number were compared to the results obtained from the simulation resolving some ambiguities in the literature. The dynamics of the system were characterized by mean ligand residence times and frequency/force constant calculations. Furthermore, Ce-O and Ce-H angular radial distribution plots were employed, yielding deeper insight into the structural and dynamical aspects of the system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver M D Lutz
- Theoretical Chemistry Division, Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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Ge J, Ding H, Xue X. A nanosheet-structured three-dimensional macroporous material with high ionic conductivity synthesized using glucose as a transforming template. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:6205-8. [PMID: 22566146 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201107838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2011] [Revised: 03/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Ge
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
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Haigh SJ, Young NP, Sawada H, Takayanagi K, Kirkland AI. Imaging the Active Surfaces of Cerium Dioxide Nanoparticles. Chemphyschem 2011; 12:2397-9. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201100376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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