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Andrés Castán JM, Mwalukuku VM, Riquelme AJ, Liotier J, Huaulmé Q, Anta JA, Maldivi P, Demadrille R. Photochromic spiro-indoline naphthoxazines and naphthopyrans in dye-sensitized solar cells. MATERIALS CHEMISTRY FRONTIERS 2022; 6:2994-3005. [PMID: 36324610 PMCID: PMC9549531 DOI: 10.1039/d2qm00375a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Photochromic dyes possess unique properties that can be exploited in different domains, including optics, biomedicine and optoelectronics. Herein, we explore the potential of photochromic spiro-indoline naphthoxazine (SINO) and naphthopyran (NIPS) for application in photovoltaics. We designed and synthesized four new photosensitizers with a donor-pi-acceptor structure embedding SINO and NIPS units as photochromic cores. Their optical, photochromic and acidochromic properties were thoroughly studied to establish structure-properties relationships. Then, after unravelling the possible forms adopted depending on the stimuli, their photovoltaic properties were evaluated in DSSCs. Although the photochromic behavior is not always preserved, we elucidate the interplay between photochromic, acidochromic and photovoltaic properties and we demonstrate that these dyes can act as photosensitizers in DSSCs. We report a maximum power conversion efficiency of 2.7% with a NIPS-based dye, a tenfold improvement in comparison to previous works on similar class of compounds. This work opens new perspectives of developments for SINO and NIPS in optical and photovoltaic devices, and it provides novel research directions to design photochromic materials with improved characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Antonio J Riquelme
- Department of Physical, Chemical and Natural Systems, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Carretera de Utrera km 1 Sevilla 41013 Spain
| | - Johan Liotier
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IRIG-SyMMES 38000 Grenoble France
| | - Quentin Huaulmé
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IRIG-SyMMES 38000 Grenoble France
| | - Juan A Anta
- Department of Physical, Chemical and Natural Systems, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Carretera de Utrera km 1 Sevilla 41013 Spain
| | - Pascale Maldivi
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IRIG-SyMMES 38000 Grenoble France
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2
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Controlled photoisomerization in acrylic copolymer nanoparticles based on spironaphthoxazine for reduced thermal reversion. Eur Polym J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2019.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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3
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Chng S, Moloney MG, Wu LYL. Photochromic Materials by Postpolymerisation Surface Modification. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:15554-15565. [PMID: 31458211 PMCID: PMC6644173 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b02521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Photochromic materials are available by a postpolymerization surface modification of diverse polymers in a multistep sequential process mediated, first, by carbene insertion chemistry, second, by diazonium coupling with a tethered precursor, and finally by coupling to a spiropyran. This three-step sequence is efficient, and surface loading densities of 1013 molecules cm-2 are typically achievable, leading to materials with observable photochromic and wettability behavior, which operate over multiple cycles without significant photobleaching or loss of efficacy. Materials suitable for application in this process include both reactive, but also lower surface energy polymers. Although the process is particularly efficient for high surface area materials, surface modification onto lower surface area substrates, while being intrinsically less efficient, is nonetheless sufficiently effective that changes in macroscopic photochromic properties are readily observable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyun Chng
- Department
of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, The University of Oxford, 12-Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
- Singapore
Institute of Manufacturing Technology, 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-04, Innovis, Singapore 138634
| | - Mark G. Moloney
- Department
of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, The University of Oxford, 12-Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Linda Y. L. Wu
- Singapore
Institute of Manufacturing Technology, 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-04, Innovis, Singapore 138634
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4
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Singh R, Böhm MC, Balasubramanian G. Energetic and structural properties of different conformations of merocyanine and its protonated forms. Chem Phys Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2015.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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5
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Rogers RA, Rodier AR, Stanley JA, Douglas NA, Li X, Brittain WJ. A study of the spiropyran–merocyanine system using ion mobility-mass spectrometry: experimental support for the cisoid conformation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:3424-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc47697a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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6
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Lin WC, Yang DY. Photochromism of o-Nitrophenyl-Substituted Oxazabicycles. J Org Chem 2013; 78:11798-806. [DOI: 10.1021/jo401838n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Chung Lin
- Department
of Chemistry, Tunghai University, No. 1727, Sec. 4, Taiwan Boulevard, Xitun District, Taichung 40704, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Ding-Yah Yang
- Department
of Chemistry, Tunghai University, No. 1727, Sec. 4, Taiwan Boulevard, Xitun District, Taichung 40704, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Douglas N, Neef CJ, Rogers RA, Stanley JA, Armitage J, Martin B, Hudnall TW, Brittain WJ. Reactivity of tetrahydrochromeno[2,3-b]indoles: chromic indicators of cyanide. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.3158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Douglas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Texas State University - San Marcos; 601 University Drive San Marcos TX 78666 USA
| | - Charles J. Neef
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Texas State University - San Marcos; 601 University Drive San Marcos TX 78666 USA
| | - Robert A. Rogers
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Texas State University - San Marcos; 601 University Drive San Marcos TX 78666 USA
| | - Jake A. Stanley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Texas State University - San Marcos; 601 University Drive San Marcos TX 78666 USA
| | - Jacob Armitage
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Texas State University - San Marcos; 601 University Drive San Marcos TX 78666 USA
| | - Ben Martin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Texas State University - San Marcos; 601 University Drive San Marcos TX 78666 USA
| | - Todd W. Hudnall
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Texas State University - San Marcos; 601 University Drive San Marcos TX 78666 USA
| | - William J. Brittain
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Texas State University - San Marcos; 601 University Drive San Marcos TX 78666 USA
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Tong R, Hemmati HD, Langer R, Kohane DS. Photoswitchable nanoparticles for triggered tissue penetration and drug delivery. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:8848-55. [PMID: 22385538 PMCID: PMC3363369 DOI: 10.1021/ja211888a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 321] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We report a novel nanoparticulate drug delivery system that undergoes reversible volume change from 150 to 40 nm upon phototriggering with UV light. The volume change of these monodisperse nanoparticles comprising spiropyran, which undergoes reversible photoisomerization, and PEGylated lipid enables repetitive dosing from a single administration and enhances tissue penetration. The photoswitching allows particles to fluoresce and release drugs inside cells when illuminated with UV light. The mechanism of the light-induced size switching and triggered-release is studied. These particles provide spatiotemporal control of drug release and enhanced tissue penetration, useful properties in many disease states including cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Tong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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Rapid colorimetric sensing of cyanide anion in aqueous media with a spiropyran derivative containing a dinitrophenolate moiety. Tetrahedron Lett 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2011.01.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Patel DG, Paquette MM, Kopelman RA, Kaminsky W, Ferguson MJ, Frank NL. A Solution- and Solid-State Investigation of Medium Effects on Charge Separation in Metastable Photomerocyanines. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:12568-86. [PMID: 20731393 DOI: 10.1021/ja100238h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh G. Patel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, P.O. Box 351700, Seattle, Washington 98195, Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, P.O. Box 3065, Victoria, BC V8W 3V6, Canada, and Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Michelle M. Paquette
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, P.O. Box 351700, Seattle, Washington 98195, Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, P.O. Box 3065, Victoria, BC V8W 3V6, Canada, and Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Roni A. Kopelman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, P.O. Box 351700, Seattle, Washington 98195, Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, P.O. Box 3065, Victoria, BC V8W 3V6, Canada, and Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Werner Kaminsky
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, P.O. Box 351700, Seattle, Washington 98195, Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, P.O. Box 3065, Victoria, BC V8W 3V6, Canada, and Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Michael J. Ferguson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, P.O. Box 351700, Seattle, Washington 98195, Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, P.O. Box 3065, Victoria, BC V8W 3V6, Canada, and Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Natia L. Frank
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, P.O. Box 351700, Seattle, Washington 98195, Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, P.O. Box 3065, Victoria, BC V8W 3V6, Canada, and Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada
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di Nunzio MR, Romani A, Favaro G. Excited-state properties of a photochromic spirooxazine: double pathways for both fluorescence emission and camphorquinone-sensitized reaction. J Phys Chem A 2009; 113:9424-33. [PMID: 19655808 DOI: 10.1021/jp9047743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In this article, we report a study on the singlet and triplet excited-state properties of a spirooxazine (1,3-dihydro-3,3-dimethyl-1-isobutyl-6'-(2,3-dihydro-1H-indol-1-yl)spiro[2H-indole-2,3'-3H-naphtho[2,1-b][1,4]oxazine]). The singlet state of this molecule is photoreactive: upon UV light stimulation, it produces a colored merocyanine that thermally reverts to the starting compound. A double-way radiative relaxation path was found for singlet-state excitation. Experimental observations on the absorption and fluorescence spectra were in excellent agreement with TD-DFT calculations for the singlet state. The triplet state, which could not be directly populated by intersystem crossing from the singlet, when reached by energy transfer from a suitable sensitizer (camphorquinone), yielded the colored merocyanine with quantum yield close to unity. However, the donor/acceptor interaction also originated a new photochromic system as a consequence of the competition of hydrogen abstraction with energy transfer in the interplay of the sensitizer with the substrate. The newly produced photochrome was structurally, spectrally, and photochemically characterized. It exhibited excellent colorability in both directly excited and triplet-sensitized photoreactions by virtue of high photoreaction quantum yield and rather slow bleaching rate of the colored form but also underwent significant degradation in the presence of oxygen that led to the destruction of the photochromic functionality.
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Sarodnick G, Linker T, Heydenreich M, Koch A, Starke I, Fürstenberg S, Kleinpeter E. Quinoxalines XV. Convenient Synthesis and Structural Study of Pyrazolo[1,5-a]quinoxalines. J Org Chem 2009; 74:1282-7. [DOI: 10.1021/jo802398g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gerhard Sarodnick
- Department of Chemistry, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Torsten Linker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Matthias Heydenreich
- Department of Chemistry, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Andreas Koch
- Department of Chemistry, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Ines Starke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Sylvia Fürstenberg
- Department of Chemistry, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Erich Kleinpeter
- Department of Chemistry, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
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Kopelman RA, Paquette MM, Frank NL. Photoprocesses and magnetic behavior of photochromic transition metal indoline[phenanthrolinospirooxazine] complexes: Tunable photochromic materials. Inorganica Chim Acta 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2008.03.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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14
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Pisignano D, Mele E, Persano L, Athanassiou A, Fotakis C, Cingolani R. Optical Gain from the Open Form of a Photochromic Molecule in the Solid State. J Phys Chem B 2006; 110:4506-9. [PMID: 16526673 DOI: 10.1021/jp060144l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This work presents evidence for line-narrowing from the UV photoexcited open form of the photochromic molecule, indolinospiropyran (1',3'-dihydro-1',3',3'-trimethyl-6-nitrospiro [2H-1-benzopyran-2,2'-(2H)-indole]) in the solid state. The line-narrowing is attributable to amplified spontaneous emission induced by optical gain and assisted by the waveguiding within the organic film. Optical gain throughout a band as large as 28 nm, with a maximum gain coefficient of 5.6 cm(-1), is observed in the merocyanine emission region (660-730 nm). These results open the way to the realization of hybrid devices based on the coupling between photochromic behavior and stimulated emission from conjugated molecules, such as lasing optical memories, and lasers gated by optical molecular switches.
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Stereoselective formation of dicondensed spiropyran product obtained from the reaction of excess Fischer base with salicylaldehydes: first full characterization by X-ray crystal structure analysis of a DC·acetone crystal. Tetrahedron 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2005.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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16
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Guo X, Zhou Y, Zhang D, Yin B, Liu Z, Liu C, Lu Z, Huang Y, Zhu D. 7-Trifluoromethylquinoline-Functionalized Luminescent Photochromic Spiropyran with the Stable Merocyanine Species Both in Solution and in the Solid State. J Org Chem 2004; 69:8924-31. [PMID: 15575775 DOI: 10.1021/jo0487799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A new spiropyran (SP2) with the stable merocyanine form (MC2) both in solution and in the solid state at room temperature was designed and synthesized. The stability of MC2 is believed to be due to the electron-withdrawing effect of both the quinoline and the trifluoromethyl groups. (1)H NMR spectra indicate that the ratio of the open form vs the closed form of SP2 is dependent on the polarity of solvents. Single crystals composed of only the open form (MC2) were successfully obtained. X-ray structural analysis indicates that except trifluoromethyl and two methyl groups MC2 is completely planar with an s-trans,s-cis conformation. It should be noted that this is the first report of the X-ray crystal structure of the pure open form of spiropyran. MC2 can be slowly transformed into SP2 at -30 degrees C or lower temperature, and the process is accelerated by visible light irradiation. This special photochromic behavior can be explained by the calculated thermodynamic data. The spectral properties of SP2/MC2 in the presence of different metal ions are also studied, and the results show the potential application of SP2/MC2 in sensing metal ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefeng Guo
- Center for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China
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Sheng Y, Leszczynski J, Garcia AA, Rosario R, Gust D, Springer J. Comprehensive Theoretical Study of the Conversion Reactions of Spiropyrans: Substituent and Solvent Effects. J Phys Chem B 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/jp0488867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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18
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Wojtyk JTC, Wasey A, Kazmaier PM, Hoz S, Buncel E. Thermal Reversion Mechanism of N-Functionalized Merocyanines to Spiropyrans: A Solvatochromic, Solvatokinetic, and Semiempirical Study. J Phys Chem A 2000. [DOI: 10.1021/jp001533x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- James T. C. Wojtyk
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada K7L 3N6, Xerox Research Center of Canada, 2660 Speakman Drive, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada L5K 2L1, and Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52100, Israel
| | - Adnaan Wasey
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada K7L 3N6, Xerox Research Center of Canada, 2660 Speakman Drive, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada L5K 2L1, and Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52100, Israel
| | - Peter M. Kazmaier
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada K7L 3N6, Xerox Research Center of Canada, 2660 Speakman Drive, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada L5K 2L1, and Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52100, Israel
| | - Shmaryahu Hoz
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada K7L 3N6, Xerox Research Center of Canada, 2660 Speakman Drive, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada L5K 2L1, and Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52100, Israel
| | - Erwin Buncel
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada K7L 3N6, Xerox Research Center of Canada, 2660 Speakman Drive, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada L5K 2L1, and Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52100, Israel
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Zhang X, Sui Q, Han B, Yan H, Wang Y. Tautomerism of an indoline spiropyran in compressed CO2-ethanol mixtures. J Supercrit Fluids 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0896-8446(99)00053-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Helmut Görner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Strahlenchemie, D-45413 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
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Kinetic modelling of the photochromism and photodegradation of a spiro[indoline-naphthoxazine]. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s1010-6030(99)00023-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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