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Kumar N, He J, Rusling JF. Electrochemical transformations catalyzed by cytochrome P450s and peroxidases. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:5135-5171. [PMID: 37458261 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00461a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450s (Cyt P450s) and peroxidases are enzymes featuring iron heme cofactors that have wide applicability as biocatalysts in chemical syntheses. Cyt P450s are a family of monooxygenases that oxidize fatty acids, steroids, and xenobiotics, synthesize hormones, and convert drugs and other chemicals to metabolites. Peroxidases are involved in breaking down hydrogen peroxide and can oxidize organic compounds during this process. Both heme-containing enzymes utilize active FeIVO intermediates to oxidize reactants. By incorporating these enzymes in stable thin films on electrodes, Cyt P450s and peroxidases can accept electrons from an electrode, albeit by different mechanisms, and catalyze organic transformations in a feasible and cost-effective way. This is an advantageous approach, often called bioelectrocatalysis, compared to their biological pathways in solution that require expensive biochemical reductants such as NADPH or additional enzymes to recycle NADPH for Cyt P450s. Bioelectrocatalysis also serves as an ex situ platform to investigate metabolism of drugs and bio-relevant chemicals. In this paper we review biocatalytic electrochemical reactions using Cyt P450s including C-H activation, S-oxidation, epoxidation, N-hydroxylation, and oxidative N-, and O-dealkylation; as well as reactions catalyzed by peroxidases including synthetically important oxidations of organic compounds. Design aspects of these bioelectrocatalytic reactions are presented and discussed, including enzyme film formation on electrodes, temperature, pH, solvents, and activation of the enzymes. Finally, we discuss challenges and future perspective of these two important bioelectrocatalytic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeraj Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269-3136, USA.
| | - Jie He
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269-3136, USA.
- Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269-3136, USA
| | - James F Rusling
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269-3136, USA.
- Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269-3136, USA
- Department of Surgery and Neag Cancer Center, Uconn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
- School of Chemistry, National University of Ireland at Galway, Galway, Ireland
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2
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Wang Z, Zhou H, Zhou K, Tu J, Xu B. An underlying softening mechanism in pale, soft and exudative - Like rabbit meat: The role of reactive oxygen species - Generating systems. Food Res Int 2022; 151:110853. [PMID: 34980389 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
This work investigated the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) - generating systems on the softening of the pale, soft and exudative-like (PSE-like) rabbit meat during aging. PSE-like meat was induced by incubation of post-mortem rabbit Longissimus thoracis et lumborum at 37 °C for 3 h. During aging, PSE-like meat samples had higher values in peroxides value, thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances, metmyoglobin percentage, ferrylmyoglobin content, non-heme iron content, hydroxyl radical content and ROS concentration compared with the normal ones, suggesting that PSE-like incubation could activate lipid-oxidizing system, myoglobin-mediated oxidation system, together with metal-catalyzed oxidation system. Additionally, higher protein carbonyl content was observed in PSE-like meat, along with a significant loss in sulfhydryl group. The results of SDS-PAGE suggested that more serious protein degradation occurred in PSE-like meat. It is plausible that the activated ROS-generating system played an underlying role in the softening texture during the aging period of PSE-like meat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoming Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China; School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Hui Zhou
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China; School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Kai Zhou
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China; School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Juncai Tu
- Department of Wine, Food and Molecular Biosciences, Lincoln University, P O Box 84, Lincoln 7647, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Baocai Xu
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China; School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China; State Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control, Nanjing, 211806, China.
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3
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Wang Q, Gong J, Bai Q, Qin Y, Zhou X, Wu M, Ji H, Wu L. Hemoglobin coated oxygen storage metal-organic framework as a promising artificial oxygen carrier. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:4002-4005. [PMID: 33904569 DOI: 10.1039/d1tb00328c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Hemoglobin-functionalized HKUST-1 as an artificial oxygen carrier has been developed. The new oxygen carrier has excellent oxygen loading capacity and good chemical durability. The sustained electrochemical responses toward H2O2 and O2 make this new material an ideal candidate as a promising artificial blood substitute.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, P. R. China.
| | - Jin Gong
- The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211100, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qingqing Bai
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, P. R. China
| | - Yuling Qin
- School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, P. R. China.
| | - Xiaobo Zhou
- School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, P. R. China.
| | - Mingmin Wu
- School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, P. R. China.
| | - Haiwei Ji
- School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, P. R. China.
| | - Li Wu
- School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, P. R. China.
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4
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Abstract
Heme proteins take part in a number of fundamental biological processes, including oxygen transport and storage, electron transfer, catalysis and signal transduction. The redox chemistry of the heme iron and the biochemical diversity of heme proteins have led to the development of a plethora of biotechnological applications. This work focuses on biosensing devices based on heme proteins, in which they are electronically coupled to an electrode and their activity is determined through the measurement of catalytic currents in the presence of substrate, i.e., the target analyte of the biosensor. After an overview of the main concepts of amperometric biosensors, we address transduction schemes, protein immobilization strategies, and the performance of devices that explore reactions of heme biocatalysts, including peroxidase, cytochrome P450, catalase, nitrite reductase, cytochrome c oxidase, cytochrome c and derived microperoxidases, hemoglobin, and myoglobin. We further discuss how structural information about immobilized heme proteins can lead to rational design of biosensing devices, ensuring insights into their efficiency and long-term stability.
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dos Santos Pereira T, Mauruto de Oliveira GC, Santos FA, Raymundo-Pereira PA, Oliveira ON, Janegitz BC. Use of zein microspheres to anchor carbon black and hemoglobin in electrochemical biosensors to detect hydrogen peroxide in cosmetic products, food and biological fluids. Talanta 2019; 194:737-744. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.10.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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6
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Paulista LO, Presumido PH, Theodoro JDP, Pinheiro ALN. Efficiency analysis of the electrocoagulation and electroflotation treatment of poultry slaughterhouse wastewater using aluminum and graphite anodes. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:19790-19800. [PMID: 29736656 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2184-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The application of electrocoagulation (EC) and electroflotation (EF) was investigated for the treatment of poultry slaughterhouse wastewater in a bench scale unit cell electrolyzer with different EC-to-EF ratios at current densities of 3, 9, and 15 mA cm-2. The EC-to-EF ratio was controlled by current reversal using aluminum and graphite electrodes. The electrochemical treatment showed satisfactory removal efficiencies for Al coagulant loads greater than 51.8 mg L-1. The 4/5 EC to EF ratio (69.1 mg L-1 Al and 32.2 NmL L-1 additional EF gas) and 3/5 (51.8 mg L-1 Al/64 NmL L-1 additional EF gas) presented the best results for the removal of COD (76-85%), color (93-99%), and turbidity (95-99%), with the additional benefit of reducing the electrode consumption and sludge disposal costs proportionally to the EC-to-EF ratio. The effects of the EC-to-EF ratio and the current density on efficiency of the electrochemical treatment for the removal of COD, apparent color, turbidity, TSS, TSD, and NH3-N were discussed in the light of the physicochemical and electrochemical processes underlying the removal mechanism for each parameter. In particular, the blow-off mechanism seems to play an important role in the NH3-N removal, whereas indirect electrooxidation mechanism accounts for a fraction of the soluble COD removal for the electrodes configuration used in the treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Oliveira Paulista
- Departamento de Engenharia Ambiental, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná - Campus Londrina, Av. dos Pioneiros 3131, Londrina, PR, 86036-370, Brazil
| | - Pedro Henrique Presumido
- Departamento de Engenharia Ambiental, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná - Campus Londrina, Av. dos Pioneiros 3131, Londrina, PR, 86036-370, Brazil
| | - Joseane Debora Peruço Theodoro
- Departamento de Engenharia Ambiental, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná - Campus Londrina, Av. dos Pioneiros 3131, Londrina, PR, 86036-370, Brazil
| | - Alexei Lorenzetti Novaes Pinheiro
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná - Campus Londrina, Av. dos Pioneiros 3131, Londrina, PR, 86036-370, Brazil.
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Cho CH, Shin WS, Woo DW, Kwon JH. Growth medium sterilization using decomposition of peracetic acid for more cost-efficient production of omega-3 fatty acids by Aurantiochytrium. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2018; 41:803-809. [PMID: 29500661 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-018-1914-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Aurantiochytrium can produce significant amounts of omega-3 fatty acids, specifically docosahexaenoic acid and docosapentaenoic acid. Use of a glucose-based medium for heterotrophic growth is needed to achieve a high growth rate and production of abundant lipids. However, heat sterilization for reliable cultivation is not appropriate to heat-sensitive materials and causes a conversion of glucose via browning (Maillard) reactions. Thus, the present study investigated the use of a direct degradation of Peracetic acid (PAA) for omega-3 production by Aurantiochytrium. Polymer-based bioreactor and glucose-containing media were chemically co-sterilized by 0.04% PAA and neutralized through a reaction with ferric ion (III) in HEPES buffer. Mono-cultivation was achieved without the need for washing steps and filtration, thereby avoiding the heat-induced degradation and dehydration of glucose. Use of chemically sterilized and neutralized medium, rather than heat-sterilized medium, led to a twofold faster growth rate and greater productivity of omega-3 fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Ho Cho
- Department of Food Science and Technology and Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 660-701, Republic of Korea.,Division of Applied Life Sciences (BK21 plus), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Sub Shin
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Do-Wook Woo
- Department of Food Science and Technology and Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 660-701, Republic of Korea.,Division of Applied Life Sciences (BK21 plus), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hee Kwon
- Department of Food Science and Technology and Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 660-701, Republic of Korea. .,Division of Applied Life Sciences (BK21 plus), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 660-701, Republic of Korea.
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8
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Zang Y, Lei J, Zhang L, Ju H. In situ generation of electron acceptor for photoelectrochemical biosensing via hemin-mediated catalytic reaction. Anal Chem 2014; 86:12362-8. [PMID: 25393151 DOI: 10.1021/ac503741x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A novel photoelectrochemical sensing strategy is designed for DNA detection on the basis of in situ generation of an electron acceptor via the catalytic reaction of hemin toward H2O2. The photoelectrochemical platform was established by sequential assembly of near-infrared CdTe quantum dots, capture DNA, and a hemin-labeled DNA probe to form a triple-helix molecular beacon (THMB) structure on an indium tin oxide electrode. According to the highly catalytic capacity of hemin toward H2O2, a photoelectrochemical mechanism was then proposed, in which the electron acceptor of O2 was in situ-generated on the electrode surface, leading to the enhancement of the photocurrent response. The utilization of CdTe QDs can extend the absorption edge to the near-infrared band, resulting in an increase in the light-to-electricity efficiency. After introducing target DNA, the THMB structure is disassembled and releases hemin and, thus, quenches the photocurrent. Under optimized conditions, this biosensor shows high sensitivity with a linear range from 1 to 1000 pM and detection limit of 0.8 pM. Moreover, it exhibits good performance of excellent selectivity, high stability, and acceptable fabrication reproducibility. This present strategy opens an alternative avenue for photoelectrochemical signal transduction and expands the applications of hemin-based materials in photoelectrochemical biosensing and clinical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
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9
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Toh RJ, Peng WK, Han J, Pumera M. Direct in vivo electrochemical detection of haemoglobin in red blood cells. Sci Rep 2014; 4:6209. [PMID: 25163492 PMCID: PMC4147368 DOI: 10.1038/srep06209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The electrochemical behavior of iron ion in haemoglobin provides insight to the chemical activity in the red blood cell which is important in the field of hematology. Herein, the detection of haemoglobin in human red blood cells on glassy carbon electrode (GC) was demonstrated. Red blood cells or raw blood cells was immobilized on a glassy carbon electrode surface with Nafion films employed to sandwich the layer of biological sample firmly on the electrode surface. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) analyses revealed a well-defined reduction peak for haemoglobin at about -0.30 V (vs. Ag/AgCl) at the red blood cell (GC-Nf-RBC-3Nf) and blood (GC-Nf-B-3Nf) film modified GCE in a pH 3.5 phosphate buffer solution. We further demonstrated that the complex biological conditions of a human red blood cell displayed no interference with the detection of haemoglobin. Such findings shall have an implication on the possibilities of studying the electrochemical behaviour of haemoglobin directly from human blood, for various scientific and clinical purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rou Jun Toh
- Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 637371, Singapore
- BioSystems & Micromechanics IRG (BioSyM), Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology (SMART) Centre, 1 CREATE Way, #04-13/14 Enterprise Wing, 138602, Singapore
| | - Weng Kung Peng
- BioSystems & Micromechanics IRG (BioSyM), Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology (SMART) Centre, 1 CREATE Way, #04-13/14 Enterprise Wing, 138602, Singapore
| | - Jongyoon Han
- BioSystems & Micromechanics IRG (BioSyM), Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology (SMART) Centre, 1 CREATE Way, #04-13/14 Enterprise Wing, 138602, Singapore
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Martin Pumera
- Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 637371, Singapore
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10
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Trans-membrane electron transfer in red blood cells immobilized in a chitosan film on a glassy carbon electrode. Mikrochim Acta 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-013-1060-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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11
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Canals M, Gonzalez-Olmos R, Costas M, Company A. Robust iron coordination complexes with N-based neutral ligands as efficient Fenton-like catalysts at neutral pH. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2013; 47:9918-9927. [PMID: 23895017 DOI: 10.1021/es401602t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The homogeneous Fenton-like oxidation of organic substrates in water with hydrogen peroxide, catalyzed by six different metal coordination complexes with N-based neutral ligands, was studied at ambient conditions and initial pH 7, employing hydrogen peroxide as the terminal oxidant. At low catalyst concentration, the catalytic oxidative depletion of toluene achieved by selected catalysts was much more efficient than that obtained by the Fenton reagent at pH 3. The influence of pH, the water matrix and the catalyst/hydrogen peroxide concentration were investigated for the oxidation of toluene employing [FeCl2(bpmcn)] (1, bpmcn = N,N'-bis(2-pyridylmethyl)-N,N'-dimethyl-trans-1,2-diaminocyclohexane), the most efficient catalyst of the series. Moreover, the evolution of catalysts [FeCl2(bpmcn)] (1) and [Fe(OTf)2(Pytacn)] (3, Pytacn = 1-(2-pyridylmethyl)-4,7-dimethyl-1,4,7-triazacyclononane, OTf = trifluoromethanesulfonate anion) during the course of the reaction was also studied by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). The oxidation products derived from toluene oxidation were also analyzed. A plausible mechanism of toluene degradation using [FeCl2(bpmcn)] (1) and [Fe(OTf)2(Pytacn)] (3) as catalysts was proposed, which involves the coexistence of a metal-based path, analogous to that operating in organic media where substrate oxidation is executed by an iron(V)-oxo-hydroxo species, in parallel to a Fenton-type process where hydroxyl radicals are formed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maite Canals
- LEQUIA, Institute of the Environment, Universitat de Girona , Campus Montilivi, E17071 Girona (Catalonia - Spain)
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12
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Tamhane VA, Dhaware DG, Khandelwal N, Giri AP, Panchagnula V. Enhanced permeation, leaf retention, and plant protease inhibitor activity with bicontinuous microemulsions. J Colloid Interface Sci 2012; 383:177-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2012.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2012] [Revised: 06/11/2012] [Accepted: 06/12/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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13
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Xuan J, Jia XD, Jiang LP, Abdel-Halim E, Zhu JJ. Gold nanoparticle-assembled capsules and their application as hydrogen peroxide biosensor based on hemoglobin. Bioelectrochemistry 2012; 84:32-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2011.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2011] [Revised: 09/14/2011] [Accepted: 10/27/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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14
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Electronic properties of the highly ruffled heme bound to the heme degrading enzyme IsdI. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2011; 108:13071-6. [PMID: 21788475 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1101459108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
IsdI, a heme-degrading protein from Staphylococcus aureus, binds heme in a manner that distorts the normally planar heme prosthetic group to an extent greater than that observed so far for any other heme-binding protein. To understand better the relationship between this distinct structural characteristic and the functional properties of IsdI, spectroscopic, electrochemical, and crystallographic results are reported that provide evidence that this heme ruffling is essential to the catalytic activity of the protein and eliminates the need for the water cluster in the distal heme pocket that is essential for the activity of classical heme oxygenases. The lack of heme orientational disorder in (1)H-NMR spectra of the protein argues that the catalytic formation of β- and δ-biliverdin in nearly equal yield results from the ability of the protein to attack opposite sides of the heme ring rather than from binding of the heme substrate in two alternative orientations.
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15
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Guo Z, Zhang H, Gai P, Duan J. Direct electrochemistry of cytochrome c entrapped in agarose hydrogel by protein film voltammetry. RUSS J ELECTROCHEM+ 2011. [DOI: 10.1134/s1023193511020108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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16
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Yu C, Zhou X, Gu H. Immobilization, direct electrochemistry and electrocatalysis of hemoglobin on colloidal silver nanoparticles-chitosan film. Electrochim Acta 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2010.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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17
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Li L, Xu S, Du Z, Gao Y, Li J, Wang T. Electrografted Poly(N-mercaptoethyl acrylamide) and Au Nanoparticles-Based Organic/Inorganic Film: A Platform for the High-Performance Electrochemical Biosensors. Chem Asian J 2010; 5:919-24. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.200900490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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18
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Esplandiu MJ, Pacios M, Cyganek L, Bartroli J, del Valle M. Enhancing the electrochemical response of myoglobin with carbon nanotube electrodes. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2009; 20:355502. [PMID: 19671979 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/20/35/355502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, the electrochemical behavior of different myoglobin-modified carbon electrodes is evaluated. In particular, the performance of voltammetric biosensors made of forest-like carbon nanotubes, carbon nanotube composites and graphite composites is compared by monitoring mainly the electrocatalytic reduction of H(2)O(2) by myoglobin and their corresponding electroanalytical characteristics. Graphite composites showed the worst electroanalytical performance, exhibiting a small linear range, a limit of detection (LOD) of 9 x 10(-5) M and low sensitivity. However, it was found that the electrochemical response was enhanced with the use of carbon nanotube-based electrodes with LOD up to 5 x 10(-8) M, higher sensitivities and wider linear range response. On the one hand, in the case of the CNT epoxy composite, the improvement in the response can be mainly attributed to its more porous surface which allows the immobilization of higher amounts of the electroactive protein. On the other hand, in the case of the forest-like CNT electrodes, the enhancement is due to an increase in the electron transfer kinetics. These findings encourage the use of myoglobin-modified carbon nanotube electrodes as potential (bio)sensors of H(2)O(2) or O(2) in biology, microbiology and environmental fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Esplandiu
- Sensors and Biosensors Group, Department of Chemistry, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
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Lu X, Zhang H, Ni Y, Zhang Q, Chen J. Porous nanosheet-based ZnO microspheres for the construction of direct electrochemical biosensors. Biosens Bioelectron 2008; 24:93-8. [PMID: 18457944 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2008.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2008] [Revised: 03/19/2008] [Accepted: 03/19/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Nanosheet-based ZnO microsphere with porous nanostructures was synthesized by a facile chemical bath deposition method followed by thermal treatment, which was explored for the construction of electrochemical biosensors. Spectroscopic and electrochemical researches revealed the ZnO-based composite was a biocompatible immobilization matrix for enzymes with good enzymatic stability and bioactivity. With advantages of nanostructured inorganic-organic hybrid materials, a pair of stable and well-defined quasi-reversible redox peaks of hemoglobin was obtained with a formal potential of -0.345 V (vs. Ag/AgCl) in pH 7.0 buffer. Facilitated direct electron transfer of the metalloenzymes with an apparent heterogeneous electron transfer rate constant (k(s)) of 3.2s(-1) was achieved on the ZnO-based enzyme electrode. Comparative studies demonstrated the nanosheet-based ZnO microspheres were more effective in facilitating the electron transfer of immobilized enzyme than solid ZnO microspheres, which may result from the unique nanostructures and larger surface area of the porous ZnO. The prepared biosensor displayed good performance for the detection of H(2)O(2) and NaNO(2) with a wide linear range of 1-410 and 10-2700 microM, respectively. The entrapped hemoglobin exhibits high peroxidase-like activity for the catalytic reduction of H(2)O(2) with an apparent Michaelis-Menten constant (K(M)(app)) of 143 microM. The nanosheet-based ZnO could be a promising matrix for the fabrication of direct electrochemical biosensors, and may find wide potential applications in biomedical detection and environmental analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianbo Lu
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, PR China
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Lu X, Zhou J, Lu W, Liu Q, Li J. Carbon nanofiber-based composites for the construction of mediator-free biosensors. Biosens Bioelectron 2008; 23:1236-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2007.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2007] [Accepted: 11/02/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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21
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Lu H, Rusling JF, Hu N. Protecting peroxidase activity of multilayer enzyme-polyion films using outer catalase layers. J Phys Chem B 2007; 111:14378-86. [PMID: 18052272 PMCID: PMC2546493 DOI: 10.1021/jp076036w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Films constructed layer-by-layer on electrodes with architecture {protein/hyaluronic acid (HA)}n containing myoglobin (Mb) or horseradish peroxidase (HRP) were protected against protein damage by H2O2 by using outer catalase layers. Peroxidase activity for substrate oxidation requires activation by H2O2, but {protein/HA}n films without outer catalase layers are damaged slowly and irreversibly by H2O2. The rate and extent of damage were decreased dramatically by adding outer catalase layers to decompose H2O2. Comparative studies suggest that protection results from catalase decomposing a fraction of the H2O2 as it enters the film, rather than by an in-film diffusion barrier. The outer catalase layers controlled the rate of H2O2 entry into inner regions of the film, and they biased the system to favor electrocatalytic peroxide reduction over enzyme damage. Catalase-protected {protein/HA}n films had an increased linear concentration range for H2O2 detection. This approach offers an effective way to protect biosensors from damage by H2O2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyun Lu
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| | - James F. Rusling
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, U-60, Storrs, CT 06269-3060, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
| | - Naifei Hu
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
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22
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Shumyantseva VV, Bulko TV, Archakov AI. Regulation of cytochrome P450 activity by physicochemical methods. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2007. [DOI: 10.1070/rc1999v068n10abeh000501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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23
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Rong L, Zhang Z, Lin Y, Xie Y, Pang D. Direct Electrochemistry and Electrocatalysis of Myoglobin Entrapped in Konjac Glucomannan Films. CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2040(07)60018-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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24
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Pardo-Jacques A, Basseguy R, Bergel A. Electroactive cytochrome cast polyion films on graphite electrodes. Electrochim Acta 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2006.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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25
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Guto PM, Rusling JF. Enzyme-like kinetics of ferryloxy myoglobin formation in films on electrodes in microemulsions. J Phys Chem B 2006; 109:24457-64. [PMID: 16375448 DOI: 10.1021/jp054621w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Covalently linked films of the ferric heme protein myoglobin and poly-L-lysine on pyrolytic graphite electrodes reacted with tert-butylhydroperoxide (tBuOOH) to form ferryloxy protein species according to Michaelis-Menten enzyme kinetics. Rotating disk voltammetry data obtained in microemulsions, micellar solution, and buffers revealed a strong influence of water phase acidity on kinetic parameters. Microemulsion and surfactant type had a much smaller influence on reaction kinetics, possibly because the reaction takes place entirely in a water environment surrounding Mb in the films in all fluids. A large apparent Michaelis kcat in microemulsions with neutral water phases was offset by much weaker binding as shown by larger protein-substrate dissociation constants (Km). Acidic SDS microemulsions and pH 2 buffer provided the most efficient reaction conditions as judged by the ratio kcat/Km. Apparent kinetic constants are most likely governed by acidity-controlled protein conformations and their binding with tBuOOH in the intermediate protein-substrate complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peterson M Guto
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3060, USA
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26
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Liu HH, Zou GL. Electrochemical investigation of immobilized hemoglobin: Redox chemistry and enzymatic catalysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 68:87-99. [PMID: 16762418 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbbm.2006.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2005] [Revised: 03/26/2006] [Accepted: 04/09/2006] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Hb entrapped in the Konjak glucomannan (KGM) film could transfer electrons directly to an edge-plane pyrolytic graphite (EPG) electrode, corresponding to the redox couple of Fe(III)/Fe(II). The redox properties of Hb, such as formal potential, electron transfer rate constant, the stability of the redox state of protein and redox Bohr effect, were characterized by cyclic voltammetry and square wave voltammetry. The stable Hb-KGM/EPG gave analytically useful electrochemical catalytic responses to oxygen, hydrogen peroxide and nitrite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Hong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China.
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Zhang J, Oyama M. Gold nanoparticle-attached ITO as a biocompatible matrix for myoglobin immobilization: direct electrochemistry and catalysis to hydrogen peroxide. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2004.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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29
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Goldstein S, Lind J, Merényi G. Chemistry of Peroxynitrites as Compared to Peroxynitrates. Chem Rev 2005; 105:2457-70. [PMID: 15941219 DOI: 10.1021/cr0307087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 245] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Goldstein
- Department of Physical Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel.
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30
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Abstract
Recent progress in third-generation electrochemical biosensors based on the direct electron transfer of proteins is reviewed. The development of three generations of electrochemical biosensors is also simply addressed. Special attention is paid to protein-film voltammetry, which is a powerful way to obtain the direct electron transfer of proteins. Research activities on various kinds of biosensors are discussed according to the proteins (enzymes) used in the specific work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, National Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P R China
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31
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Vaze A, Parizo M, Rusling JF. Enhanced rates of electrolytic styrene epoxidation catalyzed by cross-linked myoglobin-poly(L-lysine) films in bicontinuous microemulsions. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2004; 20:10943-10948. [PMID: 15568844 DOI: 10.1021/la048712g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Redox proteins attached to surfaces designed for biocatalysis hold promise for future clean synthetic routes. It is advantageous for these biocatalysts to operate in low-toxicity fluids with a high capacity to dissolve reactants. Here we report cross-linked films of myoglobin (Mb) and poly(L-lysine) (PLL) chemically attached to oxidized carbon cloth cathodes that in microemulsions feature the protein in a water-rich film environment with reactant in an oil-rich environment. These cross-linked Mb/PLL films were the most stable in microemuslions and had the largest turnover rates for epoxidation of styrene compared to lightly cross-linked or uncross-linked Mb/poly(styrene sulfonate) films. Up to 40-fold larger turnover rates were found in bicontinuous microemulsions compared to oil-in-water microemulsions and micelles. Enhanced turnover rates are correlated with up to 10-fold faster mass transport of solutes in the oil phases of the bicontinuous fluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhay Vaze
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3060, USA
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32
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Goldstein S, Merenyi G, Samuni A. Kinetics and Mechanism of•NO2Reacting with Various Oxidation States of Myoglobin. J Am Chem Soc 2004; 126:15694-701. [PMID: 15571391 DOI: 10.1021/ja046186+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Nitrogen dioxide ((*)NO(2)) participates in a variety of biological reactions. Of great interest are the reactions of (*)NO(2) with oxymyoglobin and oxyhemoglobin, which are the predominant hemeproteins in biological systems. Although these reactions occur rapidly during the nitrite-catalyzed autoxidation of hemeproteins, their roles in systems producing (*)NO(2) in the presence of these hemeproteins have been greatly underestimated. In the present study, we employed pulse radiolysis to study directly the kinetics and mechanism of the reaction of oxymyoglobin (MbFe(II)O(2)) with (*)NO(2). The rate constant of this reaction was determined to be (4.5 +/- 0.3) x 10(7) M(-1)s(-1), and is among the highest rate constants measured for (*)NO(2) with any biomolecule at pH 7.4. The interconversion among the various oxidation states of myoglobin that is prompted by nitrogen oxide species is remarkable. The reaction of MbFe(II)O(2) with (*)NO(2) forms MbFe(III)OONO(2), which undergoes rapid heterolysis along the O-O bond to yield MbFe(V)=O and NO(3-). The perferryl-myoglobin (MbFe(V)=O) transforms rapidly into the ferryl species that has a radical site on the globin ((*)MbFe(IV)=O). The latter oxidizes another oxymyoglobin (10(4) M(-1)s(-1) < k(17) < 10(7) M(-1)s(-1)) and generates equal amounts of ferrylmyoglobin and metmyoglobin. At much longer times, the ferrylmyoglobin disappears through a relatively slow comproportionation with oxymyoglobin (k(18) = 21.3 +/- 5.3 M(-1)s(-1)). Eventually, each (*)NO(2) radical converts three oxymyoglobin molecules into metmyoglobin. The same intermediate, namely MbFe(III)OONO(2), is also formed via the reaction peroxynitrate (O(2)NOO(-)/O(2)NOOH) with metmyoglobin (k(19) = (4.6 +/- 0.3) x 10(4) M(-1)s(-1)). The reaction of (*)NO(2) with ferrylmyoglobin (k(20) = (1.2 +/- 0.2) x 10(7) M(-1)s(-1)) yields MbFe(III)ONO(2), which in turn dissociates (k(21) = 190 +/- 20 s(-1)) into metmyoglobin and NO(3-). This rate constant was found to be the same as that measured for the decay of the intermediate formed in the reaction of MbFe(II)O(2) with (*)NO, which suggests that MbFe(III)ONO(2) is the intermediate observed in both processes. This conclusion is supported by thermokinetic arguments. The present results suggest that hemeproteins may detoxify (*)NO(2) and thus preempt deleterious processes, such as nitration of proteins. Such a possibility is substantiated by the observation that the reactions of (*)NO(2) with the various oxidation states of myoglobin lead to the formation of metmyoglobin, which, though not functional in the gas transport, is nevertheless nontoxic at physiological pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Goldstein
- Department of Physical Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel.
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33
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Li YM, Liu HH, Pang DW. Direct electrochemistry and catalysis of heme-proteins entrapped in methyl cellulose films. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2004.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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34
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35
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Li YM, Chen XT, Li J, Liu HH. Direct voltammetry and catalysis of hemoenzymes in methyl cellulose film. Electrochim Acta 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2004.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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36
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Zhang Y, He P, Hu N. Horseradish peroxidase immobilized in TiO2 nanoparticle films on pyrolytic graphite electrodes: direct electrochemistry and bioelectrocatalysis. Electrochim Acta 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2003.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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37
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Lu H, Li Z, Hu N. Direct voltammetry and electrocatalytic properties of catalase incorporated in polyacrylamide hydrogel films. Biophys Chem 2003; 104:623-32. [PMID: 12914908 DOI: 10.1016/s0301-4622(03)00121-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The direct voltammetry and electrocatalytic properties of catalase (Cat) in polyacrylamide (PAM) hydrogel films cast on pyrolytic graphite (PG) electrodes were investigated. Cat-PAM film electrodes showed a pair of well-defined and nearly reversible cyclic voltammetry peaks for Cat Fe(III)/Fe(II) redox couples at approximately -0.46 V vs. SCE in pH 7.0 buffers. The electron transfer between catalase and PG electrodes was greatly facilitated in the microenvironment of PAM films. The apparent heterogeneous electron transfer rate constant (k(s)) and formal potential (E degrees ') were estimated by fitting square wave voltammograms with non-linear regression analysis. The formal potential of Cat Fe(III)/Fe(II) couples in PAM films had a linear relationship with pH between pH 4.0 and 9.0 with a slope of -56 mV pH(-1), suggesting that one proton is coupled with single-electron transfer for each heme group of catalase in the electrode reaction. UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy demonstrated that catalase retained a near native conformation in PAM films at medium pH. The embedded catalase in PAM films showed the electrocatalytic activity toward dioxygen and hydrogen peroxide. Possible mechanism of catalytic reduction of H(2)O(2) at Cat-PAM film electrodes was proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyun Lu
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China
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38
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Rusling JF, Forster RJ. Electrochemical catalysis with redox polymer and polyion–protein films. J Colloid Interface Sci 2003; 262:1-15. [PMID: 16256574 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9797(03)00148-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2002] [Accepted: 01/28/2003] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Supramolecular redox-active assemblies on electrodes are of fundamental interest and can be used to create functioning devices such as sensors, biosensors, and bioreactors. The ability of redox-active films to mediate electron transfer reactions in 3-D dramatically increases the sensitivity with which target molecules can be determined. Metallopolyion hydrogel films immobilized on electrode surfaces exhibit many properties that are reminiscent of those shown by redox-active proteins. This review discusses the electrochemical properties and applications of such films, including mediating electron transfer between electrodes and oxidase enzymes. In addition, polyion-protein films grown layer by layer have certain advantages in device fabrication, including facilitating direct electron transfer for many proteins, mechanical stability, use of tiny amounts of protein, and control of film architecture. This review presents examples of iron heme proteins in films grown layer by layer by alternate electrostatic adsorption for catalytic reduction of hydrogen peroxide and trichloroacetic acid and for oxidation of styrene.
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Affiliation(s)
- James F Rusling
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA.
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39
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Joseph S, Rusling JF, Lvov YM, Friedberg T, Fuhr U. An amperometric biosensor with human CYP3A4 as a novel drug screening tool. Biochem Pharmacol 2003; 65:1817-26. [PMID: 12781333 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-2952(03)00186-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We developed a biosensor based on the redox properties of human CYP3A4 to directly monitor electron transfer to the heme protein. Enzyme films were assembled on gold electrodes by alternate adsorption of a CYP3A4 layer on top of a polycation layer. Direct, reversible electron transfer between the electrode and CYP3A4 was observed with voltammetry under anaerobic conditions. In the presence of oxygen, the oxidation peak of the hemoprotein disappeared, and the reduction peak increased 2- to 3-fold. Addition of CYP3A4 substrates (verapamil, midazolam, quinidine, and progesterone) to the oxygenated solution caused a concentration-dependent increase in the reduction current in cyclic voltammetric and amperometric experiments. Product analyses after electrolysis with the enzyme film showed catalytic activity of the biosensor depending on substrate concentration, its inhibition by ketoconazole, and a minor contribution of H(2)O(2) to the catalytic cycle. These results suggest that electron exchange between the electrode and the immobilized CYP3A4 occurred, and that metabolic activity of the enzyme was maintained. Thus, important requirements for the application of human CYP biosensors in order to identify drugs or drug candidates as substrates or inhibitors to the attached enzyme are fulfilled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiba Joseph
- Institute for Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology, University of Köln, Köln, Germany
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40
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Huang R, Hu N. Direct voltammetry and electrochemical catalysis with horseradish peroxidase in polyacrylamide hydrogel films. Biophys Chem 2003; 104:199-208. [PMID: 12834838 DOI: 10.1016/s0301-4622(02)00367-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This paper reports the direct voltammetry of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) incorporated in amphiphilic polyacrylamide (PAM) films modified on pyrolytic graphite (PG) electrodes. Cyclic voltammetry of HRP-PAM films showed a pair of well-defined, nearly reversible peaks at approximately -0.33 V vs. SCE in pH 7.0 buffers, characteristic of HRP heme Fe(III)/Fe(II) redox couple. The PAM films in solution contained large amounts of water and formed a hydrogel, and provided a favorable microenvironment for HRP and facilitated its direct electron transfer with underlying PG electrodes. The apparent heterogeneous electron transfer rate constant (k(s)) and formal potential (E*') were estimated by fitting the data of square wave voltammetry (SWV) with the non-linear regression analysis. UV-vis absorption spectra demonstrated that HRP in PAM films retained its secondary structure similar to its native state. The embedded HRP in PAM films showed the electrocatalytic activity to various substrates such as nitrite, oxygen and hydrogen peroxide. The possible mechanism of catalytic reaction of H(2)O(2) with HRP-PAM films was proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China
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41
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Huang H, Hu N, Zeng Y, Zhou G. Electrochemistry and electrocatalysis with heme proteins in chitosan biopolymer films. Anal Biochem 2002; 308:141-51. [PMID: 12234475 DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2697(02)00242-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Protein-chitosan (CS) films were made by casting a solution of proteins and CS on pyrolytic graphite electrodes. Myoglobin (Mb), hemoglobin (Hb), and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) incorporated in CS films gave a pair of stable, well-defined, and quasi-reversible cyclic voltammetric peaks at about -0.33V vs saturated calomel electrode in pH 7 buffers, respectively, while catalase (Ct) in CS films showed a peak pair at about -0.46V which was not stable. All these peaks are located at the potentials characteristic of heme Fe(III)/Fe(II) redox couples of the proteins. The electrochemical parameters such as formal potentials (E degrees (')) and apparent heterogeneous electron-transfer rate constants (k(s)) were estimated by square-wave voltammetry with nonlinear regression analysis. Chitosan films contained considerable water and formed hydrogel in aqueous solution. Positions of the Soret absorbance band suggest that Mb and Hb in CS films keep their secondary structure similar to the native states in the medium pH range, while HRP and Ct retain their native conformation at least in the dry CS films. Scanning electron microscopy of the films demonstrated that interaction between the proteins and CS would make the morphology of dry protein-CS films very different from the CS films alone. Oxygen, trichloroacetic acid, nitrite, and hydrogen peroxide were catalytically reduced by all four proteins in CS films.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, China
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42
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Zhang Z, Chouchane S, Magliozzo RS, Rusling JF. Direct voltammetry and catalysis with Mycobacterium tuberculosis catalase-peroxidase, peroxidases, and catalase in lipid films. Anal Chem 2002; 74:163-70. [PMID: 11795785 DOI: 10.1021/ac010701u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Stable films of dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine and M. tuberculosis catalase-peroxidase (KatG), several peroxidases, myoglobin, and catalase showed reversible FeIII/FeII voltammetry on pyrolytic graphite electrodes and catalytic current for hydrogen peroxide and oxygen. Amperometric responses for these films to H2O2 at 0 V are likely to contain significant contributions from catalytic reduction of oxygen produced during the catalytic cycles. Relative apparent turnover rates at pH 6 based on steady-state currents at 0 V versus SCE in the presence of H2O2 were in the order horseradish peroxidase > cytochrome c peroxidase (CcP) > soybean peroxidase > myoglobin > KatG > catalase. Lower currents for the very efficient peroxide scavengers KatG and catalase may be related to the instability of their compounds I in the presence of H2O2. KatG catalyzed the electrochemical reduction of oxygen more efficiently than catalase and CcP but less efficiently than the other peroxidases. DMPC films incorporating glucose oxidase and peroxidases gave good analytical responses to glucose, demonstrating the feasibility of dual enzyme-lipid films for biosensor fabrication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs 06269-3060, USA
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43
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Ma H, Hu N. ELECTROCHEMISTRY AND ELECTROCATALYSIS WITH MYOGLOBIN IN 2C12N+PSS−MULTIBILAYER COMPOSITE FILMS. ANAL LETT 2001. [DOI: 10.1081/al-100102578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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44
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Hu Y, Hu N, Zeng Y. Facilitated electron transfer for myoglobin in surfactant–polymer 2C12N+PVS− composite films on pyrolytic graphite electrodes. Microchem J 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0026-265x(00)00045-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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45
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Monzani E, Alzuet G, Casella L, Redaelli C, Bassani C, Sanangelantoni AM, Gullotti M, de Gioia L, Santagostini L, Chillemi F. Properties and reactivity of myoglobin reconstituted with chemically modified protohemin complexes. Biochemistry 2000; 39:9571-82. [PMID: 10924154 DOI: 10.1021/bi000784t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The synthetic complexes protohemin-6(7)-L-arginyl-L-alanine (HM-RA) and protohemin-6(7)-L-histidine methyl ester (HM-H) were prepared by condensation of suitably protected Arg-Ala or His residues with protohemin IX. HM-RA and HM-H were used for reconstitution of apomyoglobin from horse heart, yielding the Mb-RA and Mb-H derivatives, respectively, of the protein. The spectral, binding and catalytic properties of Mb-RA and Mb-H are significantly different from those of Mb. As shown by MM and MD calculations, these differences are determined by some local structural changes around the heme which are generated by increased mobility of a key peptide segment (Phe43-Lys47), containing the residue (Lys45) that in native Mb interacts with one of the porphyrin carboxylate groups. In the reconstituted Mbs this carboxylate group is bound to the Arg-Ala or His residue and is no longer available for electrostatic interaction with Lys45. The mobility of the peptide segment near the active site allows the distal histidine to come to a closer contact with the heme, and in fact Mb-RA and Mb-H exist as an equilibrium between a high-spin form and a major low-spin, six-coordinated form containing a bis-imidazole ligated heme. The two forms are clearly distinguishable in the NMR spectra, that also show that each of them consists of a mixture of the two most stable isomers resulting from cofactor reconstitution, as also anticipated by MM and MD calculations. Exogenous ligands such as cyanide, azide, or hydrogen peroxide can displace the bound distal histidine, but their affinity is reduced. On the other hand, mobilization of the peptide chain around the heme in the reconstituted Mbs increases the accessibility of large donor molecules at the heme periphery, with respect to native Mb, where a rigid backbone limits access to the distal pocket. The increased active site accessibility of Mb-RA and Mb-H facilitates the binding and electron transfer of phenolic substrates in peroxidase-type oxidations catalyzed by the reconstituted proteins in the presence of hydrogen peroxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Monzani
- Dipartimento di Chimica Generale, Università di Pavia, Italy
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46
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47
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Kong J, Mbindyo JN, Wu X, Zhou JX, Rusling JF. Electrochemical generation of ferrylmyoglobin during oxidation of styrene with films of DNA and a poly (ester sulfonic acid) ionomer. Biophys Chem 1999; 79:219-29. [PMID: 10443014 DOI: 10.1016/s0301-4622(99)00055-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The chemistry of electrochemically-driven myoglobin-catalyzed oxidation of styrene was investigated in films of DNA or Eastman AQ ionomer on optically transparent electrodes. Conversion of styrene to styrene oxide proceeded via a ferrylmyoglobin radical intermediate. Ferrylmyoglobins were clearly detected by spectroelectrochemistry in films of 1-4 mm thick. The ferrylmyoglobin radical is produced by reaction of metmyoglobin (Mb) in the films with hydrogen peroxide formed by electrochemical catalytic reduction of oxygen catalyzed by Mb. Thus, electrochemically-driven styrene oxidation with these films proceeds by a 'doubly catalytic' electrode-driven reduction-oxidation pathway. Ferrylmyoglobin formation during electrolysis of Mb-DNA films in aerobic solutions was much faster, and styrene oxidation occurred with less Mb decomposition compared to the Mb-AQ films. The better performance of Mb-DNA films is correlated with a larger fraction of electroactive Mb and better stability than for the Mb-AQ films.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Kong
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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Electron transfer and electrochemical catalysis using cobalt-reconstituted myoglobin in a surfactant film. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-0728(98)00058-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Lloyd E, King BC, Hawkridge FM, Mauk AG. Electrostatic Modulation of Ligand Binding and Electrochemical Properties of Myoglobin: The Role of Charge Compensation. Inorg Chem 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/ic9710824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emma Lloyd
- Protein Engineering Network of Centres of Excellence and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada, and Department of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Box 2006, Richmond, Virginia 23284-2006
| | - Bertha C. King
- Protein Engineering Network of Centres of Excellence and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada, and Department of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Box 2006, Richmond, Virginia 23284-2006
| | - Fred M. Hawkridge
- Protein Engineering Network of Centres of Excellence and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada, and Department of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Box 2006, Richmond, Virginia 23284-2006
| | - A. Grant Mauk
- Protein Engineering Network of Centres of Excellence and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada, and Department of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Box 2006, Richmond, Virginia 23284-2006
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Lvov YM, Lu Z, Schenkman JB, Zu X, Rusling JF. Direct Electrochemistry of Myoglobin and Cytochrome P450cam in Alternate Layer-by-Layer Films with DNA and Other Polyions. J Am Chem Soc 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/ja9737984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 416] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuri M. Lvov
- Contribution from the Chemistry Department, U-60, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-4060, and Department of Pharmacology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06032
| | - Zhongqing Lu
- Contribution from the Chemistry Department, U-60, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-4060, and Department of Pharmacology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06032
| | - John B. Schenkman
- Contribution from the Chemistry Department, U-60, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-4060, and Department of Pharmacology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06032
| | - Xiaolin Zu
- Contribution from the Chemistry Department, U-60, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-4060, and Department of Pharmacology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06032
| | - James F. Rusling
- Contribution from the Chemistry Department, U-60, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-4060, and Department of Pharmacology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06032
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