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Jeong D, Ahn KS, Lee WY. Label-free impedimetric glycosensor based on β-galactose-functionalized gold electrode for the determination of cholera toxin. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2017.10.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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2
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Ahn KS, Lim KR, Jeong D, Lee BY, Kim KS, Lee WY. Fluorescence energy transfer inhibition bioassay for cholera toxin based on galactose-stabilized gold nanoparticles and amine-terminated quantum dots. Microchem J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2015.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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3
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Ogawa Y, Yoshiyama C, Kitaoka T. Helical assembly of azobenzene-conjugated carbohydrate hydrogelators with specific affinity for lectins. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2012; 28:4404-4412. [PMID: 22339091 DOI: 10.1021/la300098q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Carbohydrate-mediated interactions are involved in various biological processes via specific molecular assembly and recognition. Such interactions are enhanced by multivalent effects of the sugar moieties, and thus supramolecular sugar-assembly, i.e., spontaneous association of glycoamphiphiles, is a promising approach to tailor glycocluster formation. In this study, novel sugar-decorated nanofibers were successfully prepared by self-assembly of low molecular weight hydrogelators composed of azobenzene and disaccharide lactones. Circular dichroism measurement of the as-prepared hydrogels indicated that the azobenzene amphiphile containing a lactose moiety possessed (R)-chirality, while the maltose-azobenzene conjugate exhibited (S)-chirality, even though the cellobiose-conjugated azobenzene existed in an achiral form. This suggests that the chiral orientation of the chromophoric azobenzene depended on both the glycosidic linkages and the steric arrangement of hydroxyl groups in the conjugated carbohydrates. Lectin-binding and cell adhesion assays revealed that the nonreducing ends of the conjugated sugar moieties were exposed on the surfaces of self-assembled nanofibrous hydrogels, allowing them to be effectively recognized by the corresponding lectins. In addition, photoisomerization of azobenzene under ultraviolet irradiation induced the sol-gel transitions of the hydrogels. These results demonstrate that the reversibly transformed fibrous glycohydrogels show potential for application as carbohydrate-decorated scaffolds for cell culture engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukiko Ogawa
- Department of Agro-Environmental Sciences, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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4
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Polyakova SM, Belov VN, Yan SF, Eggeling C, Ringemann C, Schwarzmann G, de Meijere A, Hell SW. New GM1 Ganglioside Derivatives for Selective Single and Double Labelling of the Natural Glycosphingolipid Skeleton. European J Org Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200900645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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5
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Mukundan H, Anderson AS, Grace WK, Grace KM, Hartman N, Martinez JS, Swanson BI. Waveguide-based biosensors for pathogen detection. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2009; 9:5783-809. [PMID: 22346727 PMCID: PMC3274158 DOI: 10.3390/s90705783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2009] [Revised: 07/13/2009] [Accepted: 07/13/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Optical phenomena such as fluorescence, phosphorescence, polarization, interference and non-linearity have been extensively used for biosensing applications. Optical waveguides (both planar and fiber-optic) are comprised of a material with high permittivity/high refractive index surrounded on all sides by materials with lower refractive indices, such as a substrate and the media to be sensed. This arrangement allows coupled light to propagate through the high refractive index waveguide by total internal reflection and generates an electromagnetic wave-the evanescent field-whose amplitude decreases exponentially as the distance from the surface increases. Excitation of fluorophores within the evanescent wave allows for sensitive detection while minimizing background fluorescence from complex, "dirty" biological samples. In this review, we will describe the basic principles, advantages and disadvantages of planar optical waveguide-based biodetection technologies. This discussion will include already commercialized technologies (e.g., Corning's EPIC(®) Ô, SRU Biosystems' BIND(™), Zeptosense(®), etc.) and new technologies that are under research and development. We will also review differing assay approaches for the detection of various biomolecules, as well as the thin-film coatings that are often required for waveguide functionalization and effective detection. Finally, we will discuss reverse-symmetry waveguides, resonant waveguide grating sensors and metal-clad leaky waveguides as alternative signal transducers in optical biosensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harshini Mukundan
- Physical Chemistry and Applied spectroscopy, Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - Aaron S. Anderson
- Physical Chemistry and Applied spectroscopy, Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - W. Kevin Grace
- Physical Chemistry and Applied spectroscopy, Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - Karen M. Grace
- Integrated Space Research-4, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - Nile Hartman
- nGimat™, 5315, Peachtree Industrial Blvd., Atlanta, GA30341, USA
| | - Jennifer S. Martinez
- Centers for Integrated Nanotechnology, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - Basil I. Swanson
- Physical Chemistry and Applied spectroscopy, Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
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Schulze H, Giraud G, Crain J, Bachmann TT. Multiplexed optical pathogen detection with lab-on-a-chip devices. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2009; 2:199-211. [PMID: 19367588 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.200910009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Infectious diseases are still a main cause of human morbidity and mortality. Advanced diagnostics is considered to be a key driver to improve the respective therapeutic outcome. The main factors influencing the impact of diagnostics include: assay speed, availability, information content, in-vitro diagnostics and cost, for which molecular assays are providing the most promising opportunities. Miniaturisation and integration of assay steps into lab-on-a-chip devices has been described as an appropriate way to speed up assay time and make assays available onsite at competitive costs. As meaningful assays for infectious diseases need to include a whole range of clinical relevant information about the pathogen, multiplexed functionality is often required for which optical transduction is particularly well suited. The aim of this review is to assess existing developments in this field and to give an outlook on future requirements and solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holger Schulze
- Division of Pathway Medicine, Medical School, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland UK
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7
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Jung H, Robison AD, Cremer PS. Detecting protein-ligand binding on supported bilayers by local pH modulation. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:1006-14. [PMID: 19125648 PMCID: PMC3195364 DOI: 10.1021/ja804542p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we describe a highly sensitive technique for detecting protein-ligand binding at the liquid/solid interface. The method is based upon modulation of the interfacial pH when the protein binds. This change is detected by ortho-Texas Red DHPE, which is doped into supported phospholipid bilayers and used as a pH-sensitive dye. The dye molecule fluoresces strongly at acidic pH values but not basic ones and has an apparent pK(A) of 7.8 in 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine membranes containing 0.5 mol % biotin-cap-PE. This method was used to detect antibiotin/biotin binding interactions as well as the binding of cholera toxin B subunits to GM(1). Since these proteins are negatively charged under the conditions of the experiment the interface became slightly more acidic upon binding. In each case, the equilibrium dissociation constant was determined by following the rise in fluorescence as protein was introduced. This change is essentially linear with protein coverage under the conditions employed. For the biotin/antibiotin system it was determined that K(D) = 24 +/- 5 nM, which is in excellent agreement with classical measurements made by total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy involving fluorophore-conjugated antibody molecules. Moreover, the limit of detection was approximately 350 fM at the 99% confidence level. This corresponds to 1 part in 69,000 of the K(D) value. Such a finding compares favorably with surface plasmon resonance studies of similar systems and conditions. The assay could be run in imaging mode to obtain multiple simultaneous measurements using a CCD camera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunsook Jung
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, P.O. Box 30012, College Station, Texas 77843-3012
| | - Aaron D. Robison
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, P.O. Box 30012, College Station, Texas 77843-3012
| | - Paul S. Cremer
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, P.O. Box 30012, College Station, Texas 77843-3012
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8
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Roark M, Feller SE. Structure and dynamics of a fluid phase bilayer on a solid support as observed by a molecular dynamics computer simulation. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2008; 24:12469-12473. [PMID: 18850686 PMCID: PMC2632950 DOI: 10.1021/la802079h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Simulations of a 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl- sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine lipid bilayer interacting with a solid surface of hydroxylated nanoporous amorphous silica have been carried out over a range of lipid-solid substrate distances. The porous solid surface allowed the water layer to dynamically adjust its thickness, maintaining equal pressures above and below the membrane bilayer. Qualitative estimates of the force between the surfaces leads to an estimated lipid-silicon distance in very good agreement with the results of neutron scattering experiments. Detailed analysis of the simulation at the separation suggested by experiment shows that for this type of solid support the water layer between surfaces is very narrow, consisting only of bound waters hydrating the lipid head groups and hydrophilic silica surface. The reduced hydration, however, has only minor effects on the head group hydration, the orientation of water molecules at the interface, and the membrane dipole potential. Whereas these structural properties were not sensitive to the presence of the solid substrate, the calculated diffusion coefficient for translation of the lipid molecules was altered significantly by the silica surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Roark
- Department of Chemistry, Wabash College, Crawfordsville, IN 47933, USA
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9
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Chen H, Zheng Y, Jiang JH, Wu HL, Shen GL, Yu RQ. An ultrasensitive chemiluminescence biosensor for cholera toxin based on ganglioside-functionalized supported lipid membrane and liposome. Biosens Bioelectron 2008; 24:684-9. [PMID: 18672355 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2008.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2008] [Revised: 06/15/2008] [Accepted: 06/16/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A novel chemiluminescence biosensor based on a supported lipid layer incorporated with ganglioside GM1 was developed for the detection of cholera toxin. The planar supported lipid membrane was prepared as biosensing interface via spontaneous spread of ganglioside-incorporated phospholipid vesicles on the octadecanethiol-coated gold surface. The specific interaction of multivalent CT by ganglioside GM1 molecules enables the biosensor to be implemented via a sandwiched format using a liposome probe functionalized with GM1 and horseradish peroxidase (HRP). Then, the presence of the target CT could be determined via the HRP-catalyzed enhanced chemiluminescence reaction. The developed strategy offers several unique advantages over conventional biosensors in that it allows for an easy construction and renewal of the sensing interface, a small background signal due to low non-specific adsorption of serum constituents on the lipid membrane, and effective immobilization of multiple biocatalytic amplifiers and recognition components via common phospholipid reagents. The developed biosensor was shown to give chemiluminescence signal in linear correlation to CT concentration within the range from 1pgmL(-1) to 1ngmL(-1) with readily achievable detection limit of 0.8pgmL(-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China
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10
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Branderhorst HM, Liskamp RMJ, Visser GM, Pieters RJ. Strong inhibition of cholera toxin binding by galactose dendrimers. Chem Commun (Camb) 2007:5043-5. [PMID: 18049747 DOI: 10.1039/b711070g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Galactose-containing dendrimers with long spacer arms inhibit cholera toxin binding as strongly as the natural ganglioside GM1 oligosaccharide does.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilbert M Branderhorst
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, PO Box 80082, 3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands
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11
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Pukin AV, Branderhorst HM, Sisu C, Weijers CAGM, Gilbert M, Liskamp RMJ, Visser GM, Zuilhof H, Pieters RJ. Strong Inhibition of Cholera Toxin by Multivalent GM1 Derivatives. Chembiochem 2007; 8:1500-3. [PMID: 17625801 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200700266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aliaksei V Pukin
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Dreijenplein 8, 670HB Wageningen, The Netherlands
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12
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Murthy BN, Voelcker NH, Jayaraman N. Evaluation of α-d-mannopyranoside glycolipid micelles–lectin interactions by surface plasmon resonance method. Glycobiology 2006; 16:822-32. [PMID: 16782825 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwl014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
It is established that achieving higher binding affinities in carbohydrate-protein interactions requires multivalent presentations of the sugar ligands at the receptor binding site. Several inhibition, calorimetric, mass balance, and other studies have reiterated the beneficial effects of molecular level clustering of the sugar ligands for tight binding to the receptors. We have undertaken an effort to study the multivalent effects involving larger assemblies, represented by micelles, and their lectin interactions. The micelles were constituted with monomer bearing one- or two-sugar moieties at the monomolecular level and with varying the distances between the sugar moieties. Micellar aggregation studies and dynamic light scattering (DLS) studies afforded details of the aggregation numbers and the hydrodynamic diameters of various glycolipid (GL) micelles. The GL micelles were used as analytes of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) experiments on a lectin concanavalin A (Con A)-immobilized surface. SPR studies of the micelle-lectin interactions demonstrate that the ligand-receptor binding can be fit into the bivalent analyte model of interaction. Furthermore, micelles formed from two-sugar containing GLs are able to elicit favorable kinetic association rate constants in comparison to the micelles constituted with one-sugar containing GLs. The kinetic rate constants across the micelles and the effect of the sugar valencies in the GLs are discussed.
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13
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Doshi DA, Dattelbaum AM, Watkins EB, Brinker CJ, Swanson BI, Shreve AP, Parikh AN, Majewski J. Neutron reflectivity study of lipid membranes assembled on ordered nanocomposite and nanoporous silica thin films. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2005; 21:2865-2870. [PMID: 15779959 DOI: 10.1021/la0471240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Single bilayer membranes of 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC) were formed on ordered nanocomposite and nanoporous silica thin films by fusion of small unilamellar vesicles. The structure of these membranes was investigated using neutron reflectivity. The underlying thin films were formed by evaporation induced self-assembly to obtain periodic arrangements of silica and surfactant molecules in the nanocomposite thin films, followed by photocalcination to oxidatively remove the organics and render the films nanoporous. We show that this platform affords homogeneous and continuous bilayer membranes that have promising applications as model membranes and sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhaval A Doshi
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
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14
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Martinez JS, Grace WK, Grace KM, Hartman N, Swanson BI. Pathogen detection using single mode planar optical waveguides. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1039/b502329g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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15
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Lovering F, Angell Y, Zhang YL, Bridges K. Development of a polyvalent assay system for lead identification. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2004; 14:5081-3. [PMID: 15380203 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2004.07.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2004] [Revised: 07/29/2004] [Accepted: 07/29/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
In an effort to identify new approaches to lead discovery a polyvalent assay was developed to allow identification of weak inhibitors. This approach involves the polyvalent display of a protein binder off a Tenta-gel scaffold and the generation of a polyvalent display of protein by biotinylation followed by complexation with fluorescently labeled streptavidin. Subsequent exposure of the streptavidin complexed protein to Tenta-gel beads with active protein binders results in fluorescent beads, which are easily viewed under a fluorescent microscope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Lovering
- Department of Chemical and Screening Sciences, Wyeth Research, 200 Cambridge Park Drive, Cambridge, MA 02140, USA.
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17
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Wang R, Shi J, Parikh AN, Shreve AP, Chen L, Swanson BI. Evidence for cholera aggregation on GM1-decorated lipid bilayers. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2003.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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18
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Song X, Shi J, Swanson BI. Direct fluorescence-based detection methods for multivalent interactions. Methods Enzymol 2003; 362:523-42. [PMID: 12968386 DOI: 10.1016/s0076-6879(03)01035-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuedong Song
- Corporate Emerging Technologies, Kimberly-Clark Corporation, 1400 Holcomb Bridge Road, Roswell, Georgia 30076, USA
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19
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Li Y, Ma B, Fan Y, Kong X, Li J. Electrochemical and Raman studies of the biointeraction between Escherichia coli and mannose in polydiacetylene derivative supported on the self-assembled monolayers of octadecanethiol on a gold electrode. Anal Chem 2002; 74:6349-54. [PMID: 12510758 DOI: 10.1021/ac0256585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Here, we describe a new method to study the biointeraction between Escherichia coli and mannose by using supramolecular assemblies composed of polydiacetylene supported on the self-assembled monolayer of octadecanethiol on a gold electrode. These prepared bilayer materials simply are an excellent protosystem to study a range of important sensor-related issues. The experimental results from UV-vis spectroscopy, resonance Raman spectroscopy, and electrochemistry confirm that the specific interactions between E. coli and mannose can cause conformational changes of the polydiacetylene backbone rather than simple nonspecific adsorption. Moreover, the direct electrochemical detection by polydiacetylene supramolecular assemblies not only opens a new path for the use of these membranes in the area of biosensor development but also offers new possibilities for diagnostic applications and screening for binding ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajun Li
- Laboratory of Excited-State Process, Changchun Institute of Optic Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130021, China
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20
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Xu D, Cheng Q. Surface-bound lipid vesicles encapsulating redox species for amperometric biosensing of pore-forming bacterial toxins. J Am Chem Soc 2002; 124:14314-5. [PMID: 12452699 DOI: 10.1021/ja027897f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A new method is described to signal the presence of a staphylococcal toxin (streptolysin, SLO) by a membrane-based biosensor fabricated with bilayer vesicles of phosphatidylcholine lipids and cholesterol on a gold electrode. The controlled release of encapsulated redox species from the surface-bound vesicles is mediated by the pore-formation functionality of SLO, allowing amperometric detection of the targeted toxin. Effects of BSA and Triton-100 on membrane permeability and redox release have been assessed, and a thin layer electrolysis mechanism has been proposed to account for the observed voltammetric behavior. The method is applicable to the detection of functionally similar protein toxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danke Xu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, USA
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21
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Song J, Cheng Q, Stevens RC. Morphological manipulation of bolaamphiphilic polydiacetylene assemblies by controlled lipid doping. Chem Phys Lipids 2002; 114:203-14. [PMID: 11934401 DOI: 10.1016/s0009-3084(02)00007-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Morphological transformations of bolaamphiphilic polydiacetylene (L-Glu-Bis-3) lipid assemblies from helical ribbons to vesicles and flat sheets through controlled doping are described, and the role of specific lipid dopants in these processes is discussed. Upon doping with cell surface receptor G(M1) ganglioside, fluid vesicular structures start to emerge, coexisting with the micro-crystalline helical ribbons. The vesicle formation is further facilitated and stabilized by the introduction of cholesterol into the system, presumably through surface curvature variation induced by inhomogeneous distribution and dynamic clustering of G(M1) and cholesterol within the doped assemblies. Extended helical ribbons are "truncated" into patches of flat sheets when a sufficient amount of Bis-1, a structurally compatible symmetric bolaamphiphilic diacetylene lipid, is doped. The results reaffirm the important roles of packing geometry and headgroup chirality in the formation of extended helical ribbon structures. The doped assemblies of bolaamphiphiles allow for capture of intermediate structures of morphological transformation using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). A vesicle-to-ribbon transformation mechanism via lateral reorganization within relatively fluid vesicular microstructures has been suggested. Understanding of the doping-induced transformation process provides useful information for the design of advanced materials where the microscopic morphology of material is crucial to its function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Song
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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22
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Alfonta L, Willner I, Throckmorton DJ, Singh AK. Electrochemical and quartz crystal microbalance detection of the cholera toxin employing horseradish peroxidase and GM1-functionalized liposomes. Anal Chem 2001; 73:5287-95. [PMID: 11721931 DOI: 10.1021/ac010542e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
An ultrasensitive method for the detection of the cholera toxin (CT) using electrochemical or microgravimetric quartz crystal microbalance transduction means is described. Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and GM1-functionalized liposomes act as catalytic recognition labels for the amplified detection of the cholera toxin based on highly specific recognition of CT by the ganglioside GM1. The sensing interface consists of monoclonal antibody against the B subunit of CT that is linked to protein G, assembled as a monolayer on an Au electrode or an Au/ quartz crystal. The CT is detected by a "sandwich-type" assay on the electronic transducers, where the toxin is first bound to the anti-CT-Ab and then to the HRP-GM1-ganglioside-functionalized liposome. The enzyme-labeled liposome mediates the oxidation of 4-chloronaphthol (2) in the presence of H2O2 to form the insoluble product 3 on the electrode support or the Au/quartz crystal. The biocatalytic precipitation of 3 provides the amplification route for the detection of the CT. Formation of the insulating film of 3 on the electrode increases the interfacial electron-transfer resistance, Ret, or enhances the electrode resistance, R', parameters that are quantitatively derived by Faradaic impedance measurements and chronopotentiometric analyses, respectively. Similarly, the precipitate 3 formed on the Au/quartz crystal results in a mass increase on the transducer that is reflected by a decrease in the resonance frequency of the crystal. The methods allow the detection of the CT with an unprecedented sensitivity that corresponds to 1.0 x 10(-13) M.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Alfonta
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
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23
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Fisher MI, Tjärnhage T. Structure and activity of lipid membrane biosensor surfaces studied with atomic force microscopy and a resonant mirror. Biosens Bioelectron 2001; 15:463-71. [PMID: 11419641 DOI: 10.1016/s0956-5663(00)00105-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Three variants of the liposome fusion (coalescence) method to produce supported lipid bilayers, containing the ganglioside GM1 on silicon nitride surfaces, were studied. The first procedure involved attachment and fusion of liposomes containing DMPC, GM1 and a small amount of biotinylated lipid (Biotin-LC-DPPE) to a streptavidin coated surface. Direct fusion of liposomes composed of a mixture of DPPC, DPPG, DPPE, GM1 and cholesterol to the surface were the second variant. The final method utilised the second type of liposomes, fused onto a streptavidin layer with a small amount of exposed hydrophobic tails. The methods produced similar lipid layers, but with different ways of attachment to the surface. The binding of cholera toxin B-subunit (CTB) towards these sensor surfaces was measured in a resonant mirror biosensor instrument and the activity and longer-term stability of the layers were examined. The prepared surfaces were also imaged by atomic force microscopy (AFM) in liquid to characterise the topography of the lipid layers. The binding efficiency of CTB towards these surfaces was discussed in terms of lipid fluidity and surface roughness.
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Affiliation(s)
- M I Fisher
- DERA Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire, UK
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24
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25
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Song X, Shi J, Nolan J, Swanson B. Detection of multivalent interactions through two-tiered energy transfer. Anal Biochem 2001; 291:133-41. [PMID: 11262166 DOI: 10.1006/abio.2001.5024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A method based on two-tiered fluorescence resonant energy transfer (FRET) has been developed for selective and sensitive detection of species involved in a multivalent interaction. Pentavalent binding between cholera toxin and ganglioside GM1 is used as a model system to demonstrate the advantage of the two-tiered FRET over one-stage FRET in both conventional fluorimeter and flow cytometer. In the system, three fluorescent probes (namely, fluorescence donor, acceptor, and intermediate) are covalently tagged to receptors, and the intermediate is used to bridge the energy transfer between the donor and acceptor even though the donor's fluorescence spectrum does not overlap with absorption spectrum of the acceptor. One of the most significant improvements of the scheme over one-stage FRET is a dramatic decrease in the background fluorescence of the acceptor fluorescence, which, theoretically and practically, increases the detection sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Song
- Bioscience Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA.
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Song X, Shi J, Swanson B. Flow cytometry-based biosensor for detection of multivalent proteins. Anal Biochem 2000; 284:35-41. [PMID: 10933853 DOI: 10.1006/abio.2000.4664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Microsphere-based flow cytometric detection of cholera toxin (CT) through distance-dependent fluorescence resonant energy transfer (FRET) has been developed. Simultaneous double-fluorescence changes induced by multivalent interactions between CT and fluorophore (both fluorescence donor and acceptor)-labeled ganglioside GM1 on a biomimetic membrane surface (supported bilayers of phospholipids) can be measured by a commercial flow cytometer, providing a convenient and sensitive detection method for CT. The flow cytometry-based biosensor is capable of detecting less than 10 pM CT within 30 min. The signal generation strategy coupled with flow cytometry also provides a convenient method for kinetic studies of multivalent interactions. The surface density and the ratio of donor/acceptor-labeled GM1 on the surfaces of phospholipid bilayers are optimized to achieve high sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Song
- Bioscience Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87544, USA.
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Peng T, Cheng Q, Stevens RC. Amperometric detection of Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin by redox diacetylenic vesicles on a sol-gel thin-film electrode. Anal Chem 2000; 72:1611-7. [PMID: 10763260 DOI: 10.1021/ac990406y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Supramolecular assemblies (bilayer vesicles) prepared from ferrocenic diacetylene lipid and the cell surface receptor ganglioside GM1 are utilized to construct an amperometric biosensor for Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin on a sol-gel thin-film electrode. The bilayer vesicles adsorbed on the sol-gel film provide an open platform for molecular recognition, while the electrochemical communication between the incorporated redox lipids and the electrode is influenced by the binding of the toxin. Cyclic voltammetric studies suggest a facile redox reaction for the adsorbed supramolecular assembly, which allows the sensor to detect enterotoxin up to 3 ppm (3.6 x 10(-8) M) concentration. The apparent diffusion coefficients for the redox lipids in the assembly were observed to be in the range of 4.73 x 10(-8) -2.30 x 10(-8) cm/s2. A mechanism of lateral electron transport of redox lipids controlled by biomolecular recognition is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Peng
- Department of Chemistry, University of California at Berkeley 94720, USA
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Chen L, McBranch DW, Wang HL, Helgeson R, Wudl F, Whitten DG. Highly sensitive biological and chemical sensors based on reversible fluorescence quenching in a conjugated polymer. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1999; 96:12287-92. [PMID: 10535914 PMCID: PMC22909 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.96.22.12287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 754] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The fluorescence of a polyanionic conjugated polymer can be quenched by extremely low concentrations of cationic electron acceptors in aqueous solutions. We report a greater than million-fold amplification of the sensitivity to fluorescence quenching compared with corresponding "molecular excited states." Using a combination of steady-state and ultrafast spectroscopy, we have established that the dramatic quenching results from weak complex formation [polymer(-)/quencher(+)], followed by ultrafast electron transfer from excitations on the entire polymer chain to the quencher, with a time constant of 650 fs. Because of the weak complex formation, the quenching can be selectively reversed by using a quencher-recognition diad. We have constructed such a diad and demonstrate that the fluorescence is fully recovered on binding between the recognition site and a specific analyte protein. In both solutions and thin films, this reversible fluorescence quenching provides the basis for a new class of highly sensitive biological and chemical sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Chen
- Center for Material Science, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
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Buranda T, Lopez GP, Keij J, Harris R, Sklar LA. Peptides, antibodies, and FRET on beads in flow cytometry: A model system using fluoresceinated and biotinylated ?-endorphin. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0320(19990901)37:1<21::aid-cyto3>3.0.co;2-g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Song X, Nolan J, Swanson BI. Optical Biosensor Based on Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer: Ultrasensitive and Specific Detection of Protein Toxins. J Am Chem Soc 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/ja981983r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuedong Song
- Chemical Science and Technology Division Life Science Division Los Alamos National Laboratory Los Alamos, New Mexico 87544
| | - John Nolan
- Chemical Science and Technology Division Life Science Division Los Alamos National Laboratory Los Alamos, New Mexico 87544
| | - Basil I. Swanson
- Chemical Science and Technology Division Life Science Division Los Alamos National Laboratory Los Alamos, New Mexico 87544
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