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Wenzel JO, Werner J, Allgaier A, van Slageren J, Fernández I, Unterreiner AN, Breher F. Visible-Light Activation of Diorganyl Bis(pyridylimino) Isoindolide Aluminum(III) Complexes and Their Organometallic Radical Reactivity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202402885. [PMID: 38511969 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202402885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
We report on the synthesis and characterization of a series of (mostly) air-stable diorganyl bis(pyridylimino) isoindolide (BPI) aluminum complexes and their chemistry upon visible-light excitation. The redox non-innocent BPI pincer ligand allows for efficient charge transfer homolytic processes of the title compounds. This makes them a universal platform for the generation of carbon-centered radicals. The photo-induced homolytic cleavage of the Al-C bonds was investigated by means of stationary and transient UV/Vis spectroscopy, spin trapping experiments, as well as EPR and NMR spectroscopy. The experimental findings were supported by quantum chemical calculations. Reactivity studies enabled the utilization of the aluminum complexes as reactants in tin-free Giese-type reactions and carbonyl alkylations under ambient conditions, which both indicated radical-polar crossover behavior. A deeper understanding of the physical fundamentals and photochemical process was provided, furnishing in turn a new strategy to control the reactivity of bench-stable aluminum organometallics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas O Wenzel
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Inorganic Chemistry (AOC), Engesserstraße 15, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Johannes Werner
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Physical Chemistry (IPC), Fritz-Haber-Weg 2, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Alexander Allgaier
- University of Stuttgart, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Joris van Slageren
- University of Stuttgart, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Israel Fernández
- Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Andreas-Neil Unterreiner
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Physical Chemistry (IPC), Fritz-Haber-Weg 2, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Frank Breher
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Inorganic Chemistry (AOC), Engesserstraße 15, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
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Weinstain R, Slanina T, Kand D, Klán P. Visible-to-NIR-Light Activated Release: From Small Molecules to Nanomaterials. Chem Rev 2020; 120:13135-13272. [PMID: 33125209 PMCID: PMC7833475 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 271] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Photoactivatable (alternatively, photoremovable, photoreleasable, or photocleavable) protecting groups (PPGs), also known as caged or photocaged compounds, are used to enable non-invasive spatiotemporal photochemical control over the release of species of interest. Recent years have seen the development of PPGs activatable by biologically and chemically benign visible and near-infrared (NIR) light. These long-wavelength-absorbing moieties expand the applicability of this powerful method and its accessibility to non-specialist users. This review comprehensively covers organic and transition metal-containing photoactivatable compounds (complexes) that absorb in the visible- and NIR-range to release various leaving groups and gasotransmitters (carbon monoxide, nitric oxide, and hydrogen sulfide). The text also covers visible- and NIR-light-induced photosensitized release using molecular sensitizers, quantum dots, and upconversion and second-harmonic nanoparticles, as well as release via photodynamic (photooxygenation by singlet oxygen) and photothermal effects. Release from photoactivatable polymers, micelles, vesicles, and photoswitches, along with the related emerging field of photopharmacology, is discussed at the end of the review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy Weinstain
- School
of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Tomáš Slanina
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Dnyaneshwar Kand
- School
of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Petr Klán
- Department
of Chemistry and RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
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Ishida S, Hatakeyama T, Nomura T, Matsumoto M, Yoshimura K, Kyushin S, Iwamoto T. A Six‐Coordinate Silicon Dihydride Embedded in a Porphyrin: Enhanced Hydride‐Donor Properties and the Catalyst‐Free Hydrosilylation of CO
2. Chemistry 2020; 26:15811-15815. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202002587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shintaro Ishida
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Tohoku University Aoba-ku Sendai 9808578 Japan
| | - Takuroh Hatakeyama
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Tohoku University Aoba-ku Sendai 9808578 Japan
| | - Takuya Nomura
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Tohoku University Aoba-ku Sendai 9808578 Japan
| | - Maiko Matsumoto
- Division of Molecular Science Graduate School of Science and Technology Gunma University Kiryu 3768515 Japan
| | - Kimio Yoshimura
- Division of Molecular Science Graduate School of Science and Technology Gunma University Kiryu 3768515 Japan
| | - Soichiro Kyushin
- Division of Molecular Science Graduate School of Science and Technology Gunma University Kiryu 3768515 Japan
| | - Takeaki Iwamoto
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Tohoku University Aoba-ku Sendai 9808578 Japan
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Baklanov A, Garnica M, Robert A, Bocquet ML, Seufert K, Küchle JT, Ryan PTP, Haag F, Kakavandi R, Allegretti F, Auwärter W. On-Surface Synthesis of Nonmetal Porphyrins. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:1871-1881. [PMID: 31944105 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b10711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
We report the on-surface synthesis of a nonmetal porphyrin, namely, silicon tetraphenylporphyrin (Si-TPP), by the deposition of atomic silicon onto a free-base TPP layer on a Ag(100) surface under ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) conditions. Scanning tunneling microscopy provides insights into the self-assembly of the TPP molecules before and after Si insertion. Silicon coordinates with all four nitrogen atoms of the TPP macrocycle and interacts with a silver atom of the substrate as confirmed by scanning tunneling spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and complementary density functional theory calculations. The Si-TPP complex presents a saddle-shaped conformation that is stable under STM manipulation. Our study shows how protocols established for the on-surface metalation of tetrapyrroles can be adopted to achieve nonmetal porphyrins. Complementary experiments yielding Si-TPP and Ge-TPP on Ag(111) highlight the applicability to different main group elements and supports. The success of our nonmetal porphyrin synthesis procedure is further corroborated by a temperature-programmed desorption experiment, revealing the desorption of Ge-TPP. This extension of interfacial complex formation beyond metal elements opens promising prospects for new tetrapyrrole architectures with distinct properties and functionalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandr Baklanov
- Physics Department E20 , Technical University of Munich , James-Franck-Str. 1 , D-85748 Garching , Germany
| | - Manuela Garnica
- Physics Department E20 , Technical University of Munich , James-Franck-Str. 1 , D-85748 Garching , Germany
| | - Anton Robert
- PASTEUR, Département de Chimie, École Normale Supérieure , PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS , 75005 Paris , France
| | - Marie-Laure Bocquet
- PASTEUR, Département de Chimie, École Normale Supérieure , PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS , 75005 Paris , France
| | - Knud Seufert
- Physics Department E20 , Technical University of Munich , James-Franck-Str. 1 , D-85748 Garching , Germany
| | - Johannes T Küchle
- Physics Department E20 , Technical University of Munich , James-Franck-Str. 1 , D-85748 Garching , Germany
| | - Paul T P Ryan
- Diamond Light Source , Harwell Science and Innovation Campus , Didcot OX11 0DE , U.K.,Department of Materials , Imperial College London , South Kensington, London , SW7 2AZ , U.K
| | - Felix Haag
- Physics Department E20 , Technical University of Munich , James-Franck-Str. 1 , D-85748 Garching , Germany
| | - Reza Kakavandi
- Physics Department E20 , Technical University of Munich , James-Franck-Str. 1 , D-85748 Garching , Germany
| | - Francesco Allegretti
- Physics Department E20 , Technical University of Munich , James-Franck-Str. 1 , D-85748 Garching , Germany
| | - Willi Auwärter
- Physics Department E20 , Technical University of Munich , James-Franck-Str. 1 , D-85748 Garching , Germany
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuyuki Ishii
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
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Liu F, Shen YC, Ouyang YH, Yan GP, Chen S, Liu H, Wu YG, Wu JY. Synthesis and Properties of Isoindoline Nitroxide-containing Porphyrins. J Heterocycl Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.2928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fan Liu
- School of Material Science and Engineering; Wuhan Institute of Technology; Wuhan 430074 China
| | - Yan-Chun Shen
- School of Material Science and Engineering; Wuhan Institute of Technology; Wuhan 430074 China
| | - Yao-Hua Ouyang
- School of Material Science and Engineering; Wuhan Institute of Technology; Wuhan 430074 China
| | - Guo-Ping Yan
- School of Material Science and Engineering; Wuhan Institute of Technology; Wuhan 430074 China
| | - Si Chen
- School of Material Science and Engineering; Wuhan Institute of Technology; Wuhan 430074 China
| | - Hui Liu
- School of Material Science and Engineering; Wuhan Institute of Technology; Wuhan 430074 China
| | - Yan-Guang Wu
- School of Material Science and Engineering; Wuhan Institute of Technology; Wuhan 430074 China
| | - Jiang-Yu Wu
- School of Material Science and Engineering; Wuhan Institute of Technology; Wuhan 430074 China
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Liu F, Zou TJ, Tan ZL, Chen S, Wu ZH, Yan GP, Zhang Q, Liang SC, Yang J. Isoindoline nitroxide-labeled porphyrins as potential fluorescence-suppressed spin probes. Org Biomol Chem 2017; 15:1245-1253. [PMID: 28098314 DOI: 10.1039/c6ob02748b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A series of isoindoline nitroxide-labeled porphyrins were synthesized by the reaction of 5-phenyldipyrromethane and 5-(4'-carboethoxy-methyleneoxyphenyl)dipyrromethane with 5-formyl-1,1,3,3-tetramethylisoindolin-2-yloxyl (FTMIO) using the Lindsey method. The corresponding water-soluble spin-labeled porphyrins were also prepared. Subsequently, these compounds were characterized and their in vitro properties were evaluated. The electrochemical assay demonstrated that these isoindoline nitroxide-labeled porphyrins had similar electrochemical and redox properties to 5-carboxy-1,1,3,3-tetramethylisoindolin-2-yloxyl (CTMIO). The electron paramagnetic resonance test showed that these porphyrins exhibited hyperfine splittings and characteristic spectra of CTMIO with typical nitroxide g-values and nitrogen isotropic hyperfine coupling constants. The in vitro cytotoxicity assay indicated that these porphyrins possessed low cytotoxicity to human renal tubular epithelial 293T cells (normal cells) and human hepatoma HepG2 cells (tumor cells). Fluorescence spectroscopy revealed that free base isoindoline nitroxide-labeled porphyrins exhibited fluorescence suppression characteristic of nitroxide-fluorophore systems. In vitro fluorescene imaging demonstrated that the reduced isoindoline nitroxide-labeled porphyrins eliminated fluorescence suppression and displayed strong red fluorescence imaging in HepG2 cells. Thus these isoindoline nitroxide-labeled porphyrins may be considered potentially as biological spin probes for fluorescence imaging and EPR spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Liu
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
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Ishida SI, Kim JO, Kim D, Osuka A. Doubly N-Fused [24]Pentaphyrin Silicon Complex and Its Fluorosilicate: Enhanced Möbius Aromaticity in the Fluorosilicate. Chemistry 2016; 22:16554-16561. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201603598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shin-ichiro Ishida
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku; Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Jun Oh Kim
- Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems and Department of Chemistry; Yonsei University; Seoul 120-749 Korea
| | - Dongho Kim
- Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems and Department of Chemistry; Yonsei University; Seoul 120-749 Korea
| | - Atsuhiro Osuka
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku; Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
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10
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Maiti B, Manna AK, McCleese C, Doane TL, Chakrapani S, Burda C, Dunietz BD. Photoinduced Homolytic Bond Cleavage of the Central Si–C Bond in Porphyrin Macrocycles Is a Charge Polarization Driven Process. J Phys Chem A 2016; 120:7634-7640. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.6b05610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Buddhadev Maiti
- Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry and Department of Chemistry, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242, United States
- Department of Chemistry and ∥Department of Physiology
and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Arun K. Manna
- Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry and Department of Chemistry, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242, United States
- Department of Chemistry and ∥Department of Physiology
and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Christopher McCleese
- Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry and Department of Chemistry, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242, United States
- Department of Chemistry and ∥Department of Physiology
and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Tennyson L. Doane
- Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry and Department of Chemistry, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242, United States
- Department of Chemistry and ∥Department of Physiology
and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Sudha Chakrapani
- Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry and Department of Chemistry, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242, United States
- Department of Chemistry and ∥Department of Physiology
and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Clemens Burda
- Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry and Department of Chemistry, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242, United States
- Department of Chemistry and ∥Department of Physiology
and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Barry D. Dunietz
- Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry and Department of Chemistry, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242, United States
- Department of Chemistry and ∥Department of Physiology
and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
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11
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Remello SN, Kuttassery F, Hirano T, Nabetani Y, Yamamoto D, Onuki S, Tachibana H, Inoue H. Synthesis of water-soluble silicon-porphyrin: protolytic behaviour of axially coordinated hydroxy groups. Dalton Trans 2016; 44:20011-20. [PMID: 26526697 DOI: 10.1039/c5dt03654b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new water-soluble silicon(IV)-tetra(4-carboxyphenyl)porphyrin (SiTCPP) with silicon(iv), the second most abundant element on Earth, in the center of porphyrin was synthesized. Fundamental properties including protolytic behaviour of axially coordinating hydroxy groups, and electrochemical behaviour were characterized. The properties were compared with those of silicon(IV)-tetra(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)porphyrin (SiTMP) and silicon(IV)-tetra(4-trifluoromethylphenyl)porphyrin (SiTFMPP) and discussed in respect to the electron donating/withdrawing effect of the substituents. Two axially coordinating hydroxy groups of SiTCPP exhibit a four-step protolytic behaviour under the acidic conditions along with a single step protolysis of peripheral carboxyl groups. Though SiTCPP and SiTFMPP did not show any reactivity in the photochemical oxygenation of a substrate with K2PtCl6 as a sacrificial electron acceptor, the first oxidation wave in the electrochemical process of SiTCPP and SiTFMPP showed catalytic behaviour in aqueous acetonitrile solution at any pH condition, in contrast to SiTMP which has only a reversible oxidation wave under neutral and weakly acidic conditions. The criteria for the electrochemical oxidative activation of water and the photooxygenation of the substrate were obtained. The higher oxidation wave of Si-porphyrins than ∼0.86 volt vs. SHE is required for the electrochemical oxidation of water, while suitable protecting groups such as a methyl substituent is a requisite for the photochemical oxygenation with K2PtCl6 as a sacrificial electron acceptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Nybin Remello
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Urban Environmental Sciences, Center for Artificial Photosynthesis, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-ohsawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan.
| | - Fazalurahman Kuttassery
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Urban Environmental Sciences, Center for Artificial Photosynthesis, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-ohsawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan.
| | - Takehiro Hirano
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Urban Environmental Sciences, Center for Artificial Photosynthesis, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-ohsawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan.
| | - Yu Nabetani
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Urban Environmental Sciences, Center for Artificial Photosynthesis, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-ohsawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan.
| | - Daisuke Yamamoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Urban Environmental Sciences, Center for Artificial Photosynthesis, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-ohsawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan.
| | - Satomi Onuki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Urban Environmental Sciences, Center for Artificial Photosynthesis, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-ohsawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Tachibana
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Urban Environmental Sciences, Center for Artificial Photosynthesis, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-ohsawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan.
| | - Haruo Inoue
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Urban Environmental Sciences, Center for Artificial Photosynthesis, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-ohsawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan.
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Judith Percino M, Cerón M, Soriano-Moro G, Pacheco JA, Eugenia Castro M, Chapela VM, Bonilla-Cruz J, Saldivar-Guerra E. 2,2,6,6-Tetramethyl-1-oxopiperidinetribromide and two forms of 1-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinium bromide salt: Syntheses, crystal structures and theoretical calculations. J Mol Struct 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2015.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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13
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Remello SN, Hirano T, Kuttassery F, Nabetani Y, Yamamoto D, Onuki S, Tachibana H, Inoue H. Visible light induced oxygenation of alkenes with water sensitized by silicon-porphyrins with the second most earth-abundant element. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2015.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Cheng Y, Doane TL, Chuang CH, Ziady A, Burda C. Near infrared light-triggered drug generation and release from gold nanoparticle carriers for photodynamic therapy. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2014; 10:1799-804. [PMID: 24515950 PMCID: PMC4013205 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201303329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2013] [Revised: 12/03/2013] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
A photoprecursor Pc 227 is covalently bound onto gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) to produce the known photodynamic therapy (PDT) drug Pc 4 upon 660 nm photoirradiation. The photochemical formation of the photoproduct Pc 4 is identified by spectroscopy, chromatography, and mass spectrometry and its PDT efficacy is equal to Pc 4 when administered non-covalently by Au NPs, with the added benefit of improved covalent delivery and targeted NIR-triggered release from the covalent Pc 227-Au NP conjugate, while during transport the attached Pc 227 is quenched by the Au NP and PDT inactivated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Cheng
- Department of Chemistry Case Western Reserve University Cleveland , Ohio
| | - Tennyson L. Doane
- Department of Chemistry Case Western Reserve University Cleveland , Ohio
| | - Chi-Hung Chuang
- Department of Chemistry Case Western Reserve University Cleveland , Ohio
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15
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Li J, Yang Y, Zhang P, Sounik JR, Kenney ME. Synthesis, properties and drug potential of the photosensitive alkyl- and alkylsiloxy-ligated silicon phthalocyanine Pc 227. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2014; 13:1690-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c4pp00321g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Photolysis of Pc 227 yields the extensively studied photodynamic therapy drug Pc 4. The photolytic pathway is a homolysis involving a phthalocyanine π radical and low bond dissociation energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Li
- Department of Chemistry
- Case Western Reserve University
- Cleveland, USA
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Chemistry
- Case Western Reserve University
- Cleveland, USA
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Chemistry
- Case Western Reserve University
- Cleveland, USA
| | - James R. Sounik
- Department of Chemistry
- Case Western Reserve University
- Cleveland, USA
| | - Malcolm E. Kenney
- Department of Chemistry
- Case Western Reserve University
- Cleveland, USA
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MYAKOV V, CHUDAKOVA V, LOPATIN M. Some reactions of phthalocyanines of silicon, germanium and tin under alkaline conditions. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/jpp.368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Phthalocyaninatosilicon(IV), germanium(IV) and tin(IV) dihydroxides react with potassium hydroxide in o-xylene in the presence of crown ether 15-cr-5 initially forming paramagnetic compounds of dark-blue color with absorption bands at 580–590 nm and 620–625 nm and then diamagnetic compounds of red color with an absorption band at 518–523 nm. The red compounds are very reactive towards proton donors, restoring the initial phthalocyanines, and oxidation agents under decomposition of the phthalocyanines. The color changes are due to the formation of the mono- and dianions, ( PcMO 2)2- and ( PcMO 2)-, accompanied with transfer of electrons from oxygen atoms to the tetrapyrrol macrocycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. MYAKOV
- Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 49 Tropinina Street, GSP 445, Niznii Novgorod, Russia
| | - V. CHUDAKOVA
- Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 49 Tropinina Street, GSP 445, Niznii Novgorod, Russia
| | - M. LOPATIN
- Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 49 Tropinina Street, GSP 445, Niznii Novgorod, Russia
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Brothers PJ. Recent developments in the coordination chemistry of porphyrin complexes containing non-metallic and semi-metallic elements. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2012. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424602000294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in the chemistry of main group porphyrin complexes are surveyed. New, unprecedented structural types for porphyrin complexes which have been revealed from the recent reports of boron and tellurium porphyrins are described. Advances in the preparation and reactivity of Group 14 (silicon and tin) and Group 15 porphyrin complexes are discussed. A systematic variation in the out-of-plane distortion (ruffling) of light element Group 14 and 15 porphyrin complexes has become apparent now that a significant number of structurally characterized examples are at hand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penelope J. Brothers
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
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19
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Yang Y. Electron localization in nonplanar conjugated macrocycles: Failure of electron buffers to delocalize electrons. Chem Phys Lett 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2011.09.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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20
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Myakov VN, Lopatin MA, Lopatina TI, Faerman VI. Some donor-acceptor complexes of silicon phthalocyanine dianions. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2010. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363210090252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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21
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Stefan S, Belaj F, Madl T, Pietschnig R. A Radical Approach to Hydroxylaminotrichlorosilanes: Synthesis, Reactivity, and Crystal Structure of TEMPO-SiCl3(TEMPO = 2,2,6,6-Tetramethylpiperidine-N-oxyl). Eur J Inorg Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.200900969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Ishida S, Yoshimura K, Matsumoto H, Kyushin S. Selective Si–C Bond Cleavage on a Diorganosilicon Porphyrin Complex Bearing Different Axial Ligands. CHEM LETT 2009. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.2009.362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Chan KS, Mak KW, Tse MK, Yeung SK, Li BZ, Chan YW. Reactions of nitroxides with metalloporphyrin alkyls bearing beta hydrogens: Aliphatic carbon–carbon bond activation by metal centered radicals. J Organomet Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2007.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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DENG K, CHEN ZL, ZHOU XP, WANG WF, YANG XX, TIAN J. Studies on the Photodynamic Mechanism of Tetrapyrrole Compounds by Laser Flash Photolysis. CHINESE J CHEM 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.200890024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Ishii K, Takayanagi A, Shimizu S, Abe H, Sogawa K, Kobayashi N. In vitro photodynamic effects of phthalocyaninatosilicon covalently linked to 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxy radicals on cancer cells. Free Radic Biol Med 2005; 38:920-7. [PMID: 15749388 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2004.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2004] [Revised: 10/15/2004] [Accepted: 12/10/2004] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we have investigated the ability to sensitize the phototoxicity toward HeLa cells in vitro, of tetra-tert-butylphthalocyaninatosilicon (SiPc) covalently linked to one or two 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxy (TEMPO) radicals (R1c or R2c), which are shown as photosensitizers efficiently producing singlet oxygen (1Delta(g)). Addition of R1c or R2c encapsulated in liposomes to cultures, followed by irradiation with a 680-nm dye laser, resulted in a highly significant phototoxicity toward HeLa cells, in contrast to negligible phototoxicity observed with (dihydroxy)SiPc (R0). EPR measurements indicate that R1c and R2c exist in some degree as nitroxide radicals even in HeLa cells. Electronic absorption spectra indicate that the degree of aggregation increases in the order R2c<R1c<R0. Thus, the high phototoxicity of R1c and R2c toward HeLa cells is reasonably interpreted by both the large singlet oxygen yield and the inhibition of aggregation due to the bulky TEMPO radicals. This increase in photodynamic effect on HeLa cells is an unusual and important example for increasing the photobiological reaction yields using paramagnetic radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuyuki Ishii
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
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Brothers PJ. Organoelement Chemistry of Main-Group Porphyrin Complexes. ADVANCES IN ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-3055(01)48003-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Chandra R, Tiwari M, Kaur P, Sharma M, Jain R, Dass S. Metalloporphyrins-Applications and clinical significance. Indian J Clin Biochem 2000; 15:183-99. [PMID: 23105282 PMCID: PMC3454067 DOI: 10.1007/bf02867558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The fascinating structures of naturally occurring porphyrins and metalloporphyrins have been perfected by nature to give functional dyes par excellence. The important roles these tetrapyrrolic macrocycles play in vital biological processes, in particular photosynthesis (chlorophyll), oxygen transport (hemoglobin), oxygen activation (cytochrome), have led to their characterization as 'pigments of life'. Because porphyrins possess extended π-electron systems and exhibit stability, they are finding use, to an increasing extent, in advanced materials, as components in organic metals, molecular wires, and other devices. In medicine, porphyrins are experiencing a renaissance due to the advent of photodynamic therapy of great promise in the treatment of cancer and dermatological diseases. The interdisciplinary interest porphyrins thus generate has provided the impetus to develop Novel-porphyrin like molecules anticipated to exhibit special properties, by structural variation of the tetrapyrrolic macrocycle, while maintaining a (4n+2)π main conjugation pathway.In addition to their esoteric application in science, porphyrins have been shown to have profound implications for therapeutic purposes. Their photosensitizing properties have led to their utilization in photodynamic therapy. Certain metalloporphyrins such as SnPP are being tested as drugs for the treatment of neonatal jaundice. Metalloporphyrins are serving as SOD mimetics to combat oxidative stress and a range of metalloporphyrin complexes have been proposed as contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Chandra
- B.R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, 110007 Delhi
- Bundelkhand University, 284128 Jhansi, U.P. India
| | - Manisha Tiwari
- B.R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, 110007 Delhi
| | - Parvinder Kaur
- B.R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, 110007 Delhi
| | - Meenakshi Sharma
- B.R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, 110007 Delhi
| | - Ritu Jain
- B.R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, 110007 Delhi
| | - Sujata Dass
- B.R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, 110007 Delhi
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