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Clauss ZS, Wardzala CL, Schlirf AE, Wright NS, Saini SS, Onoa B, Bustamante C, Kramer JR. Tunable, biodegradable grafting-from glycopolypeptide bottlebrush polymers. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6472. [PMID: 34753949 PMCID: PMC8578664 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26808-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The cellular glycocalyx and extracellular matrix are rich in glycoproteins and proteoglycans that play essential physical and biochemical roles in all life. Synthetic mimics of these natural bottlebrush polymers have wide applications in biomedicine, yet preparation has been challenged by their high grafting and glycosylation densities. Using one-pot dual-catalysis polymerization of glycan-bearing α-amino acid N-carboxyanhydrides, we report grafting-from glycopolypeptide brushes. The materials are chemically and conformationally tunable where backbone and sidechain lengths were precisely altered, grafting density modulated up to 100%, and glycan density and identity tuned by monomer feed ratios. The glycobrushes are composed entirely of sugars and amino acids, are non-toxic to cells, and are degradable by natural proteases. Inspired by native lipid-anchored proteoglycans, cholesterol-modified glycobrushes were displayed on the surface of live human cells. Our materials overcome long-standing challenges in glycobrush polymer synthesis and offer new opportunities to examine glycan presentation and multivalency from chemically defined scaffolds. Synthetic mimics of glycoproteins and proteoglycans have wide applications in biomedicine, yet preparation has been challenged by their high grafting and glycosylation densities. Here the authors show one-pot dual-catalysis polymerization of glycan-bearing α-amino acid N-carboxyanhydrides to form glycopolypeptide brushes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary S Clauss
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84102, USA
| | - Casia L Wardzala
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84102, USA
| | - Austin E Schlirf
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84102, USA
| | - Nathaniel S Wright
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84102, USA
| | - Simranpreet S Saini
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84102, USA
| | - Bibiana Onoa
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Carlos Bustamante
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.,Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.,Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.,Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.,Department of Physics, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.,Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Jessica R Kramer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84102, USA. .,Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84102, USA.
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2
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Khan F, Suguna K. Crystal structure of the legume lectin-like domain of an ERGIC-53-like protein from Entamoeba histolytica. Acta Crystallogr F Struct Biol Commun 2019; 75:197-204. [PMID: 30839295 PMCID: PMC6404861 DOI: 10.1107/s2053230x19000499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
ERGIC-53-like proteins are type I membrane proteins that belong to the class of intracellular cargo receptors and are known to be indispensable for the intracellular transport of glycoproteins. They are implicated in transporting glycoproteins between the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi body. The crystal structure of the legume lectin-like domain of an ERGIC-53-like protein from Entamoeba histolytica has been determined at 2.4 Å resolution. Although the overall structure of the domain resembles those of its mammalian and yeast orthologs (ERGIC-53 and Emp46, respectively), there are significant changes in the carbohydrate-binding site. A sequence-based search revealed the presence of several homologs of ERGIC-53 in different species of Entamoeba. This is the first report of the structural characterization of a member of this class of proteins from a protozoan and serves to further knowledge and understanding regarding the species-specific differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farha Khan
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka 560 012, India
| | - Kaza Suguna
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka 560 012, India
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3
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Chakraborty S, Mal D. A Representative Synthetic Route for C5 Angucycline Glycosides: Studies Directed toward the Total Synthesis of Mayamycin. J Org Chem 2018; 83:1328-1339. [PMID: 29231733 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b02833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This study discloses an efficient synthetic route for the regiospecific construction of a C5 glycoside angucycline representative of mayamycin. The key steps are intramolecular aldol condensation and Hauser annulation, and the key precursor for the aldol reaction is accessible through utilization of α-lithiation of a vinyl ether.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumen Chakraborty
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur , Kharagpur, 721302, India
| | - Dipakranjan Mal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur , Kharagpur, 721302, India
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4
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Zhu F, Rodriguez J, Yang T, Kevlishvili I, Miller E, Yi D, O'Neill S, Rourke MJ, Liu P, Walczak MA. Glycosyl Cross-Coupling of Anomeric Nucleophiles: Scope, Mechanism, and Applications in the Synthesis of Aryl C-Glycosides. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:17908-17922. [PMID: 29148749 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b08707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Stereoselective manipulations at the C1 anomeric position of saccharides are one of the central goals of preparative carbohydrate chemistry. Historically, the majority of reactions forming a bond with anomeric carbon has focused on reactions of nucleophiles with saccharide donors equipped with a leaving group. Here, we describe a novel approach to stereoselective synthesis of C-aryl glycosides capitalizing on the highly stereospecific reaction of anomeric nucleophiles. First, methods for the preparation of anomeric stannanes have been developed and optimized to afford both anomers of common saccharides in high anomeric selectivities. We established that oligosaccharide stannanes could be prepared from monosaccharide stannanes via O-glycosylation with Schmidt-type donors, glycal epoxides, or under dehydrative conditions with C1 alcohols. Second, we identified a general set of catalytic conditions with Pd2(dba)3 (2.5 mol%) and a bulky ligand (JackiePhos, 10 mol%) controlling the β-elimination pathway. We demonstrated that the glycosyl cross-coupling resulted in consistently high anomeric selectivities for both anomers with mono- and oligosaccharides, deoxysugars, saccharides with free hydroxyl groups, pyranose, and furanose substrates. The versatility of the glycosyl cross-coupling reaction was probed in the total synthesis of salmochelins (siderophores) and commercial anti-diabetic drugs (gliflozins). Combined experimental and computational studies revealed that the β-elimination pathway is suppressed for biphenyl-type ligands due to the shielding of Pd(II) by sterically demanding JackiePhos, whereas smaller ligands, which allow for the formation of a Pd-F complex, predominantly result in a glycal product. Similar steric effects account for the diminished rates of cross-couplings of 1,2-cis C1-stannanes with aryl halides. DFT calculations also revealed that the transmetalation occurs via a cyclic transition state with retention of configuration at the anomeric position. Taken together, facile access to both anomers of various glycoside nucleophiles, a broad reaction scope, and uniformly high transfer of anomeric configuration make the glycosyl cross-coupling reaction a practical tool for the synthesis of bioactive natural products, drug candidates, allowing for late-stage glycodiversification studies with small molecules and biologics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado , Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Jacob Rodriguez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado , Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Tianyi Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado , Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Ilia Kevlishvili
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Eric Miller
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado , Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Duk Yi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado , Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Sloane O'Neill
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado , Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Michael J Rourke
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado , Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Maciej A Walczak
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado , Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
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5
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Synthesis of β-galactosylamides as ligands of the peanut lectin. Insights into the recognition process. Carbohydr Res 2017; 443-444:58-67. [PMID: 28355582 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2017.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Revised: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of mono and divalent β-galactosylamides linked to a hydroxylated chain having a C2 symmetry axis derived from l-tartaric anhydride is reported. Reference compounds devoid of hydroxyl groups in the linker were also prepared from β-galactosylamine and succinic anhydride. After functionalization with an alkynyl residue, the resulting building blocks were grafted onto different azide-equipped scaffolds through the copper catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition. Thus, a family of structurally related mono and divalent β-N-galactopyranosylamides was obtained and fully characterized. The binding affinities of the ligands towards the model lectin PNA were measured by the enzyme-linked lectin assay (ELLA). The IC50 values were significantly higher than that of galactose but the presence of hydroxyl groups in the aglycone chain improved lectin recognition. Docking and molecular dynamics experiments were in accordance with the hypothesis that a hydroxyl group properly disposed in the linker could mimic the Glc O3 in the recognition process. On the other hand, divalent presentation of the ligands led to lectin affinity enhancements.
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6
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Chakraborty S, Das G, Ghosh S, Mal D. Regioselective synthesis of naphthoquinone/naphthoquinol-carbohydrate hybrids by [4 + 2] anionic annulations and studies on their cytotoxicity. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:10636-10647. [PMID: 27782276 DOI: 10.1039/c6ob02154a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An efficient and regioselective synthetic route to naphthoquinone/naphthoquinol-carbohydrate hybrids has been developed. It is based upon anionic annulation of 3-nucleofugalphthalides with an acrylate appended sugar moiety. In each of the annulations studied, the arene-carbohydrate hybrids were obtained in good to excellent yields. The in vitro cytotoxic activity of the synthetic naphthoquinone/naphthonol-carbohydrate hybrids were evaluated against the human cervical cancer cell line (HeLa), and a few of them were found to exhibit potent anticancer activity against the cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumen Chakraborty
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur-721302, West Bengal, India.
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7
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Wu Y, Wu RWK, Cheu KW, Williams ID, Krishna S, Slavic K, Gravett AM, Liu WM, Wong HN, Haynes RK. Methylene Homologues of Artemisone: An Unexpected Structure-Activity Relationship and a Possible Implication for the Design of C10-Substituted Artemisinins. ChemMedChem 2016; 11:1469-79. [PMID: 27273875 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201600011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Revised: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
We sought to establish if methylene homologues of artemisone are biologically more active and more stable than artemisone. The analogy is drawn with the conversion of natural O- and N-glycosides into more stable C-glycosides that may possess enhanced biological activities and stabilities. Dihydroartemisinin was converted into 10β-cyano-10-deoxyartemisinin that was hydrolyzed to the α-primary amide. Reduction of the β-cyanide and the α-amide provided the respective methylamine epimers that upon treatment with divinyl sulfone gave the β- and α-methylene homologues, respectively, of artemisone. Surprisingly, the compounds were less active in vitro than artemisone against P. falciparum and displayed no appreciable activity against A549, HCT116, and MCF7 tumor cell lines. This loss in activity may be rationalized in terms of one model for the mechanism of action of artemisinins, namely the cofactor model, wherein the presence of a leaving group at C10 assists in driving hydride transfer from reduced flavin cofactors to the peroxide during perturbation of intracellular redox homeostasis by artemisinins. It is noted that the carba analogue of artemether is less active in vitro than the O-glycoside parent toward P. falciparum, although extrapolation of such activity differences to other artemisinins at this stage is not possible. However, literature data coupled with the leaving group rationale suggest that artemisinins bearing an amino group attached directly to C10 are optimal compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuet Wu
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P.R. China
| | - Ronald Wai Kung Wu
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P.R. China
| | - Kwan Wing Cheu
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P.R. China
| | - Ian D Williams
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P.R. China
| | - Sanjeev Krishna
- Centre for Infection, Division of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, St. George's Hospital, University of London, SW17 0RE, UK
| | - Ksenija Slavic
- Centre for Infection, Division of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, St. George's Hospital, University of London, SW17 0RE, UK
| | - Andrew M Gravett
- Department of Oncology, Division of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, St. George's Hospital, University of London, Jenner Wing, London, SW17 0RE, UK
| | - Wai M Liu
- Department of Oncology, Division of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, St. George's Hospital, University of London, Jenner Wing, London, SW17 0RE, UK
| | - Ho Ning Wong
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa.,Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P.R. China
| | - Richard K Haynes
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa. , .,Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P.R. China. ,
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8
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Szeja W, Grynkiewicz G, Bieg T, Swierk P, Byczek A, Papaj K, Kitel R, Rusin A. Synthesis and cytotoxicity of 2,3-enopyranosyl C-linked conjugates of genistein. Molecules 2014; 19:7072-93. [PMID: 24886936 PMCID: PMC6271854 DOI: 10.3390/molecules19067072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Revised: 05/23/2014] [Accepted: 05/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of glycoconjugates, derivatives of genistein containing a C-glycosylated carbohydrate moiety, were synthesized and their anticancer activity was tested in vitro in the human cell lines HCT 116 and DU 145. The target compounds 15–17 were synthesized by treating ω-bromoalkyl C-glycosides derived from l-rhamnal (1) with a tetrabutylammonium salt of genistein. The new, metabolically stable analogs of previously studied O-glycosidic genistein derivatives inhibited proliferation of cancer cell lines through inhibition of the cell cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wieslaw Szeja
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Silesian Technical University, Krzywoustego 8, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland.
| | | | - Tadeusz Bieg
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Silesian Technical University, Krzywoustego 8, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland.
| | - Piotr Swierk
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Silesian Technical University, Krzywoustego 8, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland.
| | - Anna Byczek
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Silesian Technical University, Krzywoustego 8, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Papaj
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Silesian Technical University, Krzywoustego 8, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland.
| | - Radosław Kitel
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Silesian Technical University, Krzywoustego 8, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland.
| | - Aleksandra Rusin
- Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center & Institute of Oncology, Branch Gliwice, Wybrzeze AK 15, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland.
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9
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10
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Mitra P, Behera B, Maiti TK, Mal D. Angucycline C5 Glycosides: Regio- and Stereocontrolled Synthesis and Cytotoxicity. J Org Chem 2013; 78:9748-57. [PMID: 23985070 DOI: 10.1021/jo4013892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Prithiba Mitra
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India
| | - Birendra Behera
- Department
of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India
| | - Tapas K. Maiti
- Department
of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India
| | - Dipakranjan Mal
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India
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11
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Conformational Selection in Glycomimetics: Human Galectin-1 Only Recognizessyn-Ψ-Type Conformations of β-1,3-Linked Lactose and ItsC-Glycosyl Derivative. Chemistry 2013; 19:14581-90. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201301244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2013] [Revised: 07/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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12
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Sánchez‐Fernández EM, Rísquez‐Cuadro R, Ortiz Mellet C, García Fernández JM, Nieto PM, Angulo J. sp
2
‐Iminosugar
O
‐,
S
‐, and
N
‐Glycosides as Conformational Mimics of α‐Linked Disaccharides; Implications for Glycosidase Inhibition. Chemistry 2012; 18:8527-39. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201200279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2012] [Revised: 02/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elena M. Sánchez‐Fernández
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), CSIC–Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Americo Vespucio 49, 41092, Sevilla (Spain), Fax: (+34) 954460565
| | - Rocío Rísquez‐Cuadro
- Departmento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, C/Prof. García González 1, 41012, Sevilla (Spain), Fax: (+34) 954624960
| | - Carmen Ortiz Mellet
- Departmento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, C/Prof. García González 1, 41012, Sevilla (Spain), Fax: (+34) 954624960
| | - José M. García Fernández
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), CSIC–Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Americo Vespucio 49, 41092, Sevilla (Spain), Fax: (+34) 954460565
| | - Pedro M. Nieto
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), CSIC–Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Americo Vespucio 49, 41092, Sevilla (Spain), Fax: (+34) 954460565
| | - Jesús Angulo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), CSIC–Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Americo Vespucio 49, 41092, Sevilla (Spain), Fax: (+34) 954460565
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13
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Kramer JR, Deming TJ. Glycopolypeptides with a Redox-Triggered Helix-to-Coil Transition. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:4112-5. [DOI: 10.1021/ja3007484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica R. Kramer
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry and ‡Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095,
United States
| | - Timothy J. Deming
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry and ‡Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095,
United States
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14
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Müller JJ, Weiss MS, Heinemann U. PAN-modular structure of microneme protein SML-2 from the parasiteSarcocystis murisat 1.95 Å resolution and its complex with 1-thio-β-D-galactose. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION D: BIOLOGICAL CRYSTALLOGRAPHY 2011; 67:936-44. [DOI: 10.1107/s0907444911037796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2011] [Accepted: 09/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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15
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Kramer JR, Deming TJ. Glycopolypeptides via Living Polymerization of Glycosylated-l-lysine N-Carboxyanhydrides. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:15068-71. [DOI: 10.1021/ja107425f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica R. Kramer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1600, United States
| | - Timothy J. Deming
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1600, United States
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16
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Bridiau N, Cabanel S, Maugard T. Facile synthesis of pseudo-C-glycosyl p-amino-dl-phenylalanine building blocks via Amadori rearrangement. Tetrahedron 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2008.10.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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17
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Czechura P, Tam RY, Dimitrijevic E, Murphy AV, Ben RN. The Importance of Hydration for Inhibiting Ice Recrystallization with C-Linked Antifreeze Glycoproteins. J Am Chem Soc 2008; 130:2928-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ja7103262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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18
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Mayato C, Dorta RL, Vázquez JT. New insights into the conformational properties of α-C-glucosides. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2007.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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19
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Mayato C, Dorta RL, Vázquez JT. The exo-deoxoanomeric effect in the conformational preferences of C-glycosides. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2007.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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20
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Natchiar SK, Suguna K, Surolia A, Vijayan M. Peanut agglutinin, a lectin with an unusual quaternary structure and interesting ligand binding properties. CRYSTALLOGR REV 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/08893110701382087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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21
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Mikros E, Labrinidis G, Pérez S. Conformational Analysis of C‐Trehaloses Using Molecular Mechanics Calculations. J Carbohydr Chem 2006. [DOI: 10.1081/car-120025327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Mikros
- a Department of Pharmacy , University of Athens , Panespistimiopolis, Zografou, GR‐15771, Athens, Greece
| | - George Labrinidis
- a Department of Pharmacy , University of Athens , Panespistimiopolis, Zografou, GR‐15771, Athens, Greece
| | - Serge Pérez
- b Centre de Recherches sur les Macromolécules Végétales , CNRS, BP 53X, 38041, Grenoble Cedex, France
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22
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Khiar N, Serrano Araújo C, Suárez B, Fernández I. Sulfur–Sulfur-Based Ligands Derived fromD-Sugars: Synthesis of PdII Complexes, Application in Palladium-Catalyzed Allylic Alkylation for the Synthesis of Both Members of Enantiomer Pairs, and Structural Studies. European J Org Chem 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200500651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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23
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Abstract
[reaction: see text] A series of C-linked antifreeze glycoprotein analogues have been prepared to evaluate antifreeze activity as a function of distance between the carbohydrate moiety and polypeptide backbone. The building blocks for these analogues were prepared using either an olefin cross-metathesis or catalytic asymmetric hydrogenation. Analysis of antifreeze protein-specific activity revealed that only analogue 2a (n = 1) was a potent recrystallization inhibitor and thus has potential medical and industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhuai Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1N6N5
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Gustafsson T, Hedenström M, Kihlberg J. Synthesis of a C-Glycoside Analogue of β-d-Galactosyl Hydroxylysine and Incorporation in a Glycopeptide from Type II Collagen. J Org Chem 2006; 71:1911-9. [PMID: 16496975 DOI: 10.1021/jo052256z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A stereoselective synthesis of the C-glycoside analogue of beta-D-galactosyl-(5R,2S)-hydroxylysine (1) has been achieved starting from tetra-O-benzyl-D-galactopyranosyl lactone. The synthesis involved establishment of three stereogenic centers in an unambiguous manner. A facially selective Grignard reaction followed by a silane reduction was used for the anomeric position of the C-galactose residue. An Evans allylation established the configuration of the delta-aminomethylene group of the hydroxylysine moiety, whereas an asymmetric hydrogenation utilizing Burk's catalyst was used for the alpha-amino acid moiety itself. The synthesis was completed in 17 steps with an overall yield of 18%, resulting in the most complex and functionalized C-glycoside analogue of a naturally occurring glycosylated amino acid prepared to date. In addition, amino acid 1 was incorporated in a glycopeptide from type II collagen known to be crucial for the response of autoimmune T cells obtained in models of rheumatoid arthritis. A preliminary immunological study revealed that four out of five members in a panel of T cell hybridomas were able to recognize this C-linked glycopeptide when presented by A(q) class II MHC molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Gustafsson
- Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
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25
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Kumar R, Tiwari P, Maulik PR, Misra AK. Comparative structural analysis of 5,6,7,9-tetra-O-acetyl-4,8-anhydro-1,3-dideoxy-d-glycero-l-gluco-nonulose and its 1-O-acetylated analog, 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-acetyl-β-d-galactopyranose using X-ray crystallography. Carbohydr Res 2005; 340:2335-9. [PMID: 16084935 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2005.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2005] [Accepted: 07/15/2005] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Comparative X-ray diffraction analysis of 5,6,7,9-tetra-O-acetyl-4,8-anhydro-1,3-dideoxy-D-glycero-L-gluco-nonulose (1) and a structurally related analog, 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-acetyl-beta-D-galactopyranose (2), are reported. Both crystals have one molecule in the unit cell and the pyranose rings in both exist in the 4C1 conformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishi Kumar
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division and Molecular and Structural Biology Division, Central Drug Research Institute, Chattar Manzil Palace, Lucknow 226001, UP, India
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26
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Yi T, Wu SH, Zou W. Synthesis of C-5-thioglycopyranosides and their sulfonium derivatives from 1-C-(2′-oxoalkyl)-5-S-acetylglycofuranosides. Carbohydr Res 2005; 340:235-44. [PMID: 15639243 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2004.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2004] [Accepted: 11/18/2004] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
1-C-(2'-oxoalkyl)-5-S-acetylglycofuranosides of L-arabinose, D-ribose, and D-xylose were converted to 1-C-(2'-oxoalkyl)-5-thioglycopyranosides by base treatment. The transformation was achieved through beta-elimination to an acyclic alpha,beta-conjugated aldehyde (ketone or ester), followed by an intramolecular hetero-Michael addition by the 5-thiol group. The cycloaddition was highly stereoselective in favor of an equatorial 1-C-substitution. The resultant C-5-thioglycopyranosides were further converted to the sulfonium salts by treatment with cyclic sulfate and methyl iodide. Two sulfonium isomers were obtained due to the presence of both S-axial and S-equatorial substitutions. We observed that the chemical shifts of both C-1 and C-5 in the S-axial substituted sulfonium sugars are always shifted up-field (5-10 ppm) in comparison to those in the S-equatorial substitutions (deltaC 49-53 ppm vs 42-45 ppm at C-1 and 37-42 ppm vs 32-35 ppm at C-5), which provides an easy way for determination of the stereochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Yi
- Institute for Biological Sciences, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0R6, Canada
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27
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A short and efficient synthesis of α-C-(1→3)-linked disaccharides containing deoxyhexopyranoses. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2004.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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28
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Khiar N, Araujo CS, Suárez B, Alvarez E, Fernández I. Highly diastereoselective formation of C2-symmetric bis-thioglycoside Pd(ii) complexes: the role of the exo anomeric effect. Chem Commun (Camb) 2004:714-5. [PMID: 15010795 DOI: 10.1039/b313798h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of several C(2) symmetric bis-thioglycosides with Pd(CH(3)CN)(2)Cl(2) always leads to a single diastereomeric Pd(II) complex as a consequence of the exo-anomeric effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noureddine Khiar
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas, C.S.I.C-Universidad de Sevilla, c/. Américo Vespucio, s/n., Isla de la Cartuja, 41092 Seville, Spain.
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29
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Colinas PA, Ponzinibbio A, Lieberknecht A, Bravo RD. Wittig reaction of glycosyl phosphonium salts: a stereoselective route to C-disaccharides and C,O-trisaccharides. Tetrahedron Lett 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2003.08.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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30
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Tsuruta O, Yuasa H, Hashimoto H, Sujino K, Otter A, Li H, Palcic MM. Synthesis of GDP-5-thiosugars and their use as glycosyl donor substrates for glycosyltransferases. J Org Chem 2003; 68:6400-6. [PMID: 12895077 DOI: 10.1021/jo0300035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Two thiopyranoside analogues of GDP-sugars, GDP-5-thio-d-mannose (14) and GDP-5-thio-l-fucose (15), were synthesized. The syntheses included the phosphorylations of tetra-O-acetyl-5-thio-d-mannosyl bromide (4) and tri-O-benzoyl-l-fucosyl bromide (6) with silver dibenzyl phosphate, deprotection of the phosphate groups, and condensation of the deprotected phosphates with GMP-imidazolidate (13) in the presence of MgCl(2). These GDP-sugar analogues were found to be donor substrates for alpha(1,2)mannosyltransferase and alpha(1,3)fucosyltransferase, affording a 5-thiomannose-containing disaccharide (18) and a 5-thiofucose-containing trisaccharide (21), respectively. The conformation of the disaccharide analogue 18 was similar to that of its native counterpart by ROESY. These findings for GDP-5-thiosugars together with previous demonstrations of enzymatic transfer from UDP-5-thiosugars will allow the production of panels of oligosaccharide analogues with hydrolase-resistant properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osamu Tsuruta
- Department of Life Science, Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
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31
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Di Bussolo V, Caselli M, Pineschi M, Crotti P. New stereoselective beta-C-glycosidation by uncatalyzed 1,4-addition of organolithium reagents to a glycal-derived vinyl oxirane. Org Lett 2003; 5:2173-6. [PMID: 12790557 DOI: 10.1021/ol034662f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] Epoxide 4 is generated in situ from d-glucal-derived hydroxy mesylate 3. Reaction of epoxide 4 with a series of alkyl- and aryllithium reagents affords 2,3-unsaturated beta-C-glycosides with excellent 1,4-regioselectivity and complete stereoselectivity for the beta-glycoside. Other organometallic reagents demonstrate more complex behavior in their reactions with epoxide 4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Di Bussolo
- Dipartimento di Chimica Bioorganica e Biofarmacia, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 33, I-56126 Pisa, Italy
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32
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33
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Yan J, Kline AD, Mo H, Shapiro MJ, Zartler ER. A novel method for the determination of stereochemistry in six-membered chairlike rings using residual dipolar couplings. J Org Chem 2003; 68:1786-95. [PMID: 12608792 DOI: 10.1021/jo020670i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A novel method for the determination of the relative stereochemistry of six-membered chairlike ring molecules by residual dipolar couplings is presented. C-H residual dipolar couplings were used to investigate the relative stereochemistry of 4,6-O-ethylidene-d-glucopyranose. For this and similar systems it is not necessary to acquire redundant dipolar couplings and to calculate the orientation order tensor. The presented methodology is a paradigmatic leap for the determination of the relative stereochemistry or remote stereochemistry in this kind of fused ring system. Residual dipolar coupling data were collected by 1D and 2D direct-measurement heteronuclear multiple quantum coherence (HMQC) spectroscopy. It was demonstrated that direct measurement of HMQC was quick and accurate for small molecules at natural abundance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangli Yan
- Discovery Chemistry Research and Technologies, Lilly Research Labs, Lilly Corporate Center, Eli Lilly & Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, USA
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34
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Larrosa I, Romea P, Urpí F, Balsells D, Vilarrasa J, Font-Bardia M, Solans X. Unprecedented highly stereoselective alpha- and beta-C-glycosidation with chiral titanium enolates. Org Lett 2002; 4:4651-4. [PMID: 12489952 DOI: 10.1021/ol0270226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] Lewis acid mediated addition of chiral titanium enolates to glycals provides either alpha- or beta-1'-methyl-substituted C-glycosides. This highly stereoselective methodology permits the modular preparation of three of the four possible diastereomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Larrosa
- Departament de Química Orgànica, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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35
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Mikkelsen LM, Hernáiz MJ, Martín-Pastor M, Skrydstrup T, Jiménez-Barbero J. Conformation of glycomimetics in the free and protein-bound state: structural and binding features of the C-glycosyl analogue of the core trisaccharide alpha-D-Man-(1 --> 3)-[alpha-D-Man-(1 --> 6)]-D-Man. J Am Chem Soc 2002; 124:14940-51. [PMID: 12475336 DOI: 10.1021/ja020468x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The conformational properties of the C-glycosyl analogue of the core trisaccharide alpha-D-Man-(1 --> 3)-[alpha-D-Man-(1 --> 6)]-D-Man in solution have been carefully analyzed by a combination of NMR spectroscopy and time-averaged restrained molecular dynamics. It has been found that both the alpha-1,3- and the alpha-1,6-glycosidic linkages show a major conformational averaging. Unusual Phi ca. 60 degrees orientations for both Phi torsion angles are found. Moreover, a major conformational distinction between the natural compound and the glycomimetic affects to the behavior of the omega(16) torsion angle around the alpha-1 --> 6-linkage. Despite this increased flexibility, the C-glycosyl analogue is recognized by three mannose binding lectins, as shown by NMR (line broadening, TR-NOE, and STD) and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) methods. Moreover, a process of conformational selection takes place, so that these lectins probably bind the glycomimetic similarly to the way they recognize the natural analogue. Depending upon the architecture and extension of the binding site of the lectin, loss or gain of binding affinity with respect to the natural analogue is found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lise Munch Mikkelsen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Aarhus, Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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36
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Colombo L, di Giacomo M, Ciceri P. Practical stereoselective synthesis of α-d-C-mannosyl-(R)-alanine. Tetrahedron 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(02)01225-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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37
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Mikkelsen LM, Krintel SL, Jiménez-Barbero J, Skrydstrup T. Application of the anomeric samarium route for the convergent synthesis of the C-linked trisaccharide alpha-D-Man-(1-->3)-[alpha-D-Man-(1-->6)]-D-Man and the disaccharides alpha-D-Man-(1-->3)-D-Man and alpha-D-Man-(1-->6)-D-Man. J Org Chem 2002; 67:6297-308. [PMID: 12201747 DOI: 10.1021/jo020339z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Studies are reported on the assembly of the branched C-trisaccharide, alpha-D-Man-(1-->3)-[alpha-D-Man-(1-->6)]-D-Man, representing the core region of the asparagine-linked oligosaccharides. The key step in this synthesis uses a SmI(2)-mediated coupling of two mannosylpyridyl sulfones to a C3,C6-diformyl branched monosaccharide unit, thereby assembling all three sugar units in one reaction and with complete stereocontrol at the two anomeric carbon centers. Subsequent tin hydride-based deoxygenation followed by a deprotection step produces the target C-trimer. In contrast to many of the other C-glycosylation methods, this approach employes intact carbohydrate units as C-glycosyl donors and acceptors, which in many instances parallels the well-studied O-glycosylation reactions. The synthesis of the C-disaccharides alpha-D-Man-(1-->3)-D-Man and alpha-D-Man-(1-->6)-D-Man is also described, they being necessary for the following conformational studies of all three carbohydrate analogues both in solution and bound to several mannose-binding proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lise Munch Mikkelsen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Aarhus, Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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38
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Jeyaprakash AA, Geetha Rani P, Banuprakash Reddy G, Banumathi S, Betzel C, Sekar K, Surolia A, Vijayan M. Crystal structure of the jacalin-T-antigen complex and a comparative study of lectin-T-antigen complexes. J Mol Biol 2002; 321:637-45. [PMID: 12206779 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-2836(02)00674-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Thomsen-Friedenreich antigen (Galbeta1-3GalNAc), generally known as T-antigen, is expressed in more than 85% of human carcinomas. Therefore, proteins which specifically bind T-antigen have potential diagnostic value. Jacalin, a lectin from jack fruit (Artocarpus integrifolia) seeds, is a tetramer of molecular mass 66kDa. It is one of the very few proteins which are known to bind T-antigen. The crystal structure of the jacalin-T-antigen complex has been determined at 1.62A resolution. The interactions of the disaccharide at the binding site are predominantly through the GalNAc moiety, with Gal interacting only through water molecules. They include a hydrogen bond between the anomeric oxygen of GalNAc and the pi electrons of an aromatic side-chain. Several intermolecular interactions involving the bound carbohydrate contribute to the stability of the crystal structure. The present structure, along with that of the Me-alpha-Gal complex, provides a reasonable qualitative explanation for the known affinities of jacalin to different carbohydrate ligands and a plausible model of the binding of the lectin to T-antigen O-linked to seryl or threonyl residues. Including the present one, the structures of five lectin-T-antigen complexes are available. GalNAc occupies the primary binding site in three of them, while Gal occupies the site in two. The choice appears to be related to the ability of the lectin to bind sialylated sugars. In either case, most of the lectin-disaccharide interactions are at the primary binding site. The conformation of T-antigen in the five complexes is nearly the same.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Arockia Jeyaprakash
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, UGC Centre of Advanced Science, Bangalore, India
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39
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40
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Dondoni A, Marra A, Mizuno M, Giovannini PP. Linear total synthetic routes to beta-D-C-(1,6)-linked oligoglucoses and oligogalactoses up to pentaoses by iterative Wittig olefination assembly. J Org Chem 2002; 67:4186-99. [PMID: 12054954 DOI: 10.1021/jo011142u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Two complementary routes, A and B, have been followed for the stepwise iterative assembly of beta-D-(1,6)-glucopyranose and galactopyranose residues through methylene bridges. In route A the building block was constituted by 2,3,4-tri-O-benzyl-6-O-tert-butyldiphenylsilyl (O-TBDPS) beta-linked galactosylmethylenephosphorane, while in route B the building block was a beta-linked formyl C-glycopyranoside with a similar orthogonal protection of hydroxy groups. In route A each cycle consisted of the reaction of the phosphorane building block with a sugar residue bearing a formyl group at the C-5 carbon atom (coupling) and transformation of the O-TBDPS-protected primary alcohol into the formyl group (arming). Accordingly, route A is defined as the aldehyde route. On the other hand, each cycle in route B involved the coupling of the sugar aldehyde building block with a substrate bearing a phosphorus ylide at C-6 and introduction of the phosphonium group in the arming step as a precursor of the ylide functionality. Accordingly, route B is defined as the ylide route. The efficiency of route A proved to be seriously hampered by the 1,2-elimination of BnOH under the basic reaction conditions of the Wittig olefination, giving rise to the formation of substantial amounts of enopyranose. On the other hand, the ylide route B proved to be more efficient since very good yields (70-93%) of the isolated Wittig products were obtained throughout four consecutive cycles. Individual olefins and polyolefins obtained by routes A and B using gluco and galacto substrates were reduced and debenzylated in one pot by H(2)/Pd(OH)(2) to give the corresponding beta-D-C-(1,6)-linked oligosaccharides up to the pentaose stage. The latter compounds were fully characterized by high-field NMR spectroscopy (500 MHz).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Dondoni
- Laboratorio di Chimica Organica, Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Ferrara, Via Borsari 46, 44100, Italy.
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41
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Eniade A, Murphy AV, Landreau G, Ben RN. A general synthesis of structurally diverse building blocks for preparing analogues of C-linked antifreeze glycoproteins. Bioconjug Chem 2001; 12:817-23. [PMID: 11562200 DOI: 10.1021/bc0155059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A synthetic methodology to afford unusual glycoconjugate building blocks useful for the solid-phase synthesis of C-linked antifreeze glycoprotein (AFGP) analogues is described. Such compounds are urgently required in order to elucidate the molecular mechanism by which AFGPs function. All reactions are general in nature and accommodate structural variation in the carbohydrate moiety, polypeptide backbone, and amino acid side chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Eniade
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, New York 13902, USA
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42
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Jiménez-Barbero J, Demange R, Schenk K, Vogel P. Synthesis and solution conformational analysis of 2,3-anhydro-3-C-[(1R)-2,6-anhydro-1-deoxy-1-fluoro-D-glycero-D-gulo-heptitol-1-C-yl]-beta-D-gulo-furanose: first example of a monofluoromethylene-linked C-disaccharide. J Org Chem 2001; 66:5132-8. [PMID: 11463266 DOI: 10.1021/jo0102462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Condensation of 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzyl-beta-D-glucopyranosylcarbaldehyde with isolevoglucosenone induced by Et(2)AlI, followed by epoxidation, gave an aldol that was fluorinated into a monofluoromethylene C-glucopyranoside that was converted into the title C-disaccharide 1. Its conformational behavior in water has been studied by using a combination of NMR spectroscopy (J and NOE data) and molecular mechanics calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Jiménez-Barbero
- Section de Chimie, Université de Lausanne, BCH, CH-1015 Lausanne-Dorigny, Switzerland
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43
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Ravishankar R, Thomas CJ, Suguna K, Surolia A, Vijayan M. Crystal structures of the peanut lectin-lactose complex at acidic pH: retention of unusual quaternary structure, empty and carbohydrate bound combining sites, molecular mimicry and crystal packing directed by interactions at the combining site. Proteins 2001; 43:260-70. [PMID: 11288176 DOI: 10.1002/prot.1037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The crystal structures of a monoclinic and a triclinic form of the peanut lectin-lactose complex, grown at pH 4.6, have been determined. They contain two and one crystallographically independent tetramers, respectively. The unusual "open" quaternary structure of the lectin, observed in the orthorhombic complex grown in neutral pH, is retained at the acidic pH. The sugar molecule is bound to three of the eight subunits in the monoclinic crystals, whereas the combining sites in four are empty. The lectin-sugar interactions are almost the same at neutral and acidic pH. A comparison of the sugar-bound and free subunits indicates that the geometry of the combining site is relatively unaffected by ligand binding. The combining site of the eighth subunit in the monoclinic crystals is bound to a peptide stretch in a loop from a neighboring molecule. The same interaction exists in two subunits of the triclinic crystals, whereas density corresponding to sugar exists in the combining sites of the other two subunits. Solution studies show that oligopeptides with sequences corresponding to that in the loop bind to the lectin at acidic pH, but only with reduced affinity at neutral pH. The reverse is the case with the binding of lactose to the lectin. A comparison of the neutral and acidic pH crystal structures indicates that the molecular packing in the latter is directed to a substantial extent by the increased affinity of the peptide loop to the combining site at acidic pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Ravishankar
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
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44
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Solís D, Jiménez-Barbero J, Kaltner H, Romero A, Siebert HC, von der Lieth CW, Gabius HJ. Towards defining the role of glycans as hardware in information storage and transfer: basic principles, experimental approaches and recent progress. Cells Tissues Organs 2001; 168:5-23. [PMID: 11114583 DOI: 10.1159/000016802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The term 'code' in biological information transfer appears to be tightly and hitherto exclusively connected with the genetic code based on nucleotides and translated into functional activities via proteins. However, the recent appreciation of the enormous coding capacity of oligosaccharide chains of natural glycoconjugates has spurred to give heed to a new concept: versatile glycan assembly by the genetically encoded glycosyltransferases endows cells with a probably not yet fully catalogued array of meaningful messages. Enciphered by sugar receptors such as endogenous lectins the information of code words established by a series of covalently linked monosaccharides as letters for example guides correct intra- and intercellular routing of glycoproteins, modulates cell proliferation or migration and mediates cell adhesion. Evidently, the elucidation of the structural frameworks and the recognition strategies within the operation of the sugar code poses a fascinating conundrum. The far-reaching impact of this recognition mode on the level of cells, tissues and organs has fueled vigorous investigations to probe the subtleties of protein-carbohydrate interactions. This review presents information on the necessarily concerted approach using X-ray crystallography, molecular modeling, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, thermodynamic analysis and engineered ligands and receptors. This part of the treatise is flanked by exemplarily chosen insights made possible by these techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Solís
- Instituto de Química Física Rocasolano, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain.
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45
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Jiménez-Barbero J, Espinosa JF, Asensio JL, Cañada FJ, Poveda A. The conformation of C-glycosyl compounds. Adv Carbohydr Chem Biochem 2001; 56:235-84. [PMID: 11039113 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2318(01)56006-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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46
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Gabius HJ. Glycohistochemistry: the why and how of detection and localization of endogenous lectins. Anat Histol Embryol 2001; 30:3-31. [PMID: 11284160 DOI: 10.1046/j.1439-0264.2001.00305.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The central dogma of molecular biology limits the downstream flow of genetic information to proteins. Progress from the last two decades of research on cellular glycoconjugates justifies adding the enzymatic production of glycan antennae with information-bearing determinants to this famous and basic pathway. An impressive variety of regulatory processes including cell growth and apoptosis, folding and routing of glycoproteins and cell adhesion/migration have been unravelled and found to be mediated or modulated by specific protein (lectin)-carbohydrate interactions. The conclusion has emerged that it would have meant missing manifold opportunities not to recruit the sugar code to cellular information transfer. Currently, the potential for medical applications in anti-adhesion therapy or drug targeting is one of the major driving forces fuelling progress in glycosciences. In histochemistry, this concept has prompted the introduction of carrier-immobilized carbohydrate ligands (neoglycoconjugates) to visualize the cells' capacity to be engaged in oligosaccharide recognition. After their isolation these tissue lectins will be tested for ligand analysis. Since fine specificities of different lectins can differ despite identical monosaccharide binding, the tissue lectins will eventually replace plant agglutinins to move from glycan profiling and localization to functional considerations. Namely, these two marker types, i.e. neoglycoconjugates and tissue lectins, track down accessible binding sites with relevance for involvement in interactions in situ. The documented interplay of synthetic organic chemistry and biochemistry with cyto- and histochemistry nourishes the optimism that the application of this set of innovative custom-prepared tools will provide important insights into the ways in which glycans can act as hardware in transmitting information during normal tissue development and pathological situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J Gabius
- Institut für Physiologische Chemie, Tierärztliche Fakultät, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Veterinärstr. 13, D-80539 München, Germany.
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Carpintero M, Fernández-Mayoralas A, Jiménez-Barbero J. The Conformational Behaviour of Fucosyl and Carbafucosyl Mimetics in the Free and in the Protein-Bound States. European J Org Chem 2001. [DOI: 10.1002/1099-0690(200102)2001:4<681::aid-ejoc681>3.0.co;2-e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Yang G, Franck RW, Bittman R, Samadder P, Arthur G. Synthesis and growth inhibitory properties of glucosamine-derived glycerolipids. Org Lett 2001; 3:197-200. [PMID: 11430033 DOI: 10.1021/ol006783a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
[figure: see text] 2-Amino C-glycerolipid 1b was synthesized by using the Ramberg-Bäcklund rearrangement as the key step. beta-C-Glycerolipid 1b exhibits in vitro antiproliferative effects strikingly similar to those of O-glycoside analogue 1a.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Hunter College/CUNY, 695 Park Avenue, New York, New York 10021, USA
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Imberty A, Pérez S. Structure, conformation, and dynamics of bioactive oligosaccharides: theoretical approaches and experimental validations. Chem Rev 2000; 100:4567-88. [PMID: 11749358 DOI: 10.1021/cr990343j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Imberty
- Centre de Recherches sur les Macromolécules Végétales (CERMAV-CNRS, affiliated with Joseph Fourier Université), 601 rue de la Chimie, BP 53, F-38041 Grenoble Cedex 9
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Dondoni A, Mizuno M, Marra A. Improved iterative olefination approach to oligosaccharide mimics: stereoselective synthesis of β-(1→6)-d-galactopentaose methylene isostere. Tetrahedron Lett 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(00)01112-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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