1
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Hackney HE, Perepichka DF. Dynamic Knoevenagel Condensation of p-Tolyl Carbenium Cations. Org Lett 2024; 26:5125-5129. [PMID: 38856013 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
We report here that methyl-substituted hexamethoxytrityl (HMT) and the derived trioxatriangulene (TOTA) salts react with aldehydes, forming π-extended tristyryl-substituted HMT and TOTA dyes via a dynamic Knoevenagel condensation. These cations undergo a reversible electrochemical (or chemical) reduction, forming neutral radicals, including the first persistent TOTA radical. This reaction represents a promising platform to generate novel π-conjugated systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah E Hackney
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Dmytro F Perepichka
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
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2
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Haketa Y, Yamasumi K, Maeda H. π-Electronic ion pairs: building blocks for supramolecular nanoarchitectonics viaiπ- iπ interactions. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:7170-7196. [PMID: 37795542 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00581j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
The pairing of charged π-electronic systems and their ordered arrangement have been achieved by iπ-iπ interactions that are derived from synergetically worked electrostatic and dispersion forces. Charged π-electronic systems that provide ion pairs as building blocks for assemblies have been prepared by diverse strategies for introducing charge in the core π-electronic systems. One method to prepare charged π-electronic systems is the use of covalent bonding that makes π-electronic ions and valence-mismatched metal complexes as well as protonated and deprotonated states. Noncovalent ion complexation is another method used to create π-electronic ions, particularly for anion binding, producing negatively charged π-electronic systems. Charged π-electronic systems afford various ion pairs, consisting of both cationic and anionic π-systems, depending on their combinations. Geometries and electronic states of the constituents in π-electronic ion pairs affect the photophysical properties and assembling modes. Recent progress in π-electronic ion pairs has revealed intriguing characteristics, including the transformation into radical pairs through electron transfer and the magnetic properties influenced by the countercations. Furthermore, the assembly states exhibit diversity as observed in crystals and soft materials including liquid-crystal mesophases. While the chemistry of ion pairs (salts) is well-established, the field of π-electronic ion pairs is relatively new; however, it holds great promise for future applications in novel materials and devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Haketa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu 525-8577, Japan.
| | - Kazuhisa Yamasumi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu 525-8577, Japan.
| | - Hiromitsu Maeda
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu 525-8577, Japan.
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3
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Polovkov NY, Topolyan AP, Ilyushenkova VV, Danilov AD, Zimens ME, Borisov RS, Zaikin VG. Derivatization with the Introduction of a Fixed Charge for the Analysis of Low-Molecular-Weight Oligopeptides by MALDI Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934822130044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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4
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Murai M, Abe M, Ogi S, Yamaguchi S. Diazulenylmethyl Cations with a Silicon Bridge: A π-Extended Cationic Motif to Form J-Aggregates with Near-Infrared Absorption and Emission. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:20385-20393. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c08372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masahito Murai
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Integrated Research Consortium on Chemical Science (IRCCS), Nagoya University, Furo, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Mikiya Abe
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Integrated Research Consortium on Chemical Science (IRCCS), Nagoya University, Furo, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Soichiro Ogi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Integrated Research Consortium on Chemical Science (IRCCS), Nagoya University, Furo, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Shigehiro Yamaguchi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Integrated Research Consortium on Chemical Science (IRCCS), Nagoya University, Furo, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Furo, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
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5
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Frédéric L, Fabri B, Guénée L, Zinna F, Di Bari L, Lacour J. Triple Regioselective Functionalization of Cationic [4]Helicenes via Iridium-Catalyzed Borylation and Suzuki Cross-Coupling Reactivity. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202201853. [PMID: 35796630 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202201853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
In essentially one-pot, using Ir- and Pd-catalysis, tris(arene)-functionalized cationic [4]helicenes are synthesized with full regioselectivity and enantiospecificity starting from a trivial precursor (17 examples). This poly-addition of aryl groups improves key optical properties, that is, fluorescence quantum yields and lifetimes. Electronic circular dichroism and circularly polarized luminescence signatures are observed up to the far-red domain, in particular with additional arenes prone to aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Frédéric
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, Quai Ernest Ansermet 30, 1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Bibiana Fabri
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, Quai Ernest Ansermet 30, 1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Laure Guénée
- Laboratoire de Cristallographie, University of Geneva, Quai Ernest Ansermet 24, 1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Francesco Zinna
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, University of Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, Pisa, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Di Bari
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, University of Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, Pisa, Italy
| | - Jérôme Lacour
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, Quai Ernest Ansermet 30, 1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland
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6
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Li Q, Hamamoto Y, Kwek G, Xing B, Li Y, Ito S. Diazapentabenzocorannulenium: A Hydrophilic/Biophilic Cationic Buckybowl. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202112638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiang‐Qiang Li
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University 21 Nanyang Link Singapore 637371 Singapore
| | - Yosuke Hamamoto
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University 21 Nanyang Link Singapore 637371 Singapore
| | - Germain Kwek
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University 21 Nanyang Link Singapore 637371 Singapore
| | - Bengang Xing
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University 21 Nanyang Link Singapore 637371 Singapore
| | - Yongxin Li
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University 21 Nanyang Link Singapore 637371 Singapore
| | - Shingo Ito
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University 21 Nanyang Link Singapore 637371 Singapore
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7
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Li QQ, Hamamoto Y, Kwek G, Xing B, Li Y, Ito S. Diazapentabenzocorannulenium: A Hydrophilic/Biophilic Cationic Buckybowl. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 61:e202112638. [PMID: 34863045 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202112638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic molecules are promising functional materials for a wide range of applications, especially in organic electronics. However, their largely hydrophobic nature has impeded further applications. As such, imparting high solubility/hydrophilicity to polycyclic aromatic molecules leads to a breakthrough in this research field. Herein, we report the synthesis of diazapentabenzocorannulenium, a cationic nitrogen-embedded buckybowl bearing a central imidazolium core, by a bottom-up strategy from polycyclic aromatic azomethine ylide. X-ray crystallography analyses have revealed a bowl-shaped molecular structure that is capable of forming charge-segregated one-dimensional columns by bowl-in-bowl packing. In addition to its fluorescence capabilities and high dispersibility in water, the molecule was found to selectively localize in the mitochondria of various tumor cells, showing potential as viable mitochondria-selective fluorescent probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang-Qiang Li
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Yosuke Hamamoto
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Germain Kwek
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Bengang Xing
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Yongxin Li
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Shingo Ito
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
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8
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Gotoh H, Nakatsuka S, Tanaka H, Yasuda N, Haketa Y, Maeda H, Hatakeyama T. Syntheses and Physical Properties of Cationic BN‐Embedded Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202103488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hajime Gotoh
- Department of Chemistry School of Science and Technology Kwansei Gakuin University 2-1 Gakuen Sanda Hyogo 669-1337 Japan
| | - Soichiro Nakatsuka
- Department of Chemistry School of Science and Technology Kwansei Gakuin University 2-1 Gakuen Sanda Hyogo 669-1337 Japan
| | - Hiroki Tanaka
- Department of Applied Chemistry College of Life Sciences Ritsumeikan University 1-1-1 Kusatsu Shiga 525-8577 Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Yasuda
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute (JASRI) 1-1-1, Kouto, Sayo-cho Sayo-gun Hyogo 679-5198 Japan
| | - Yohei Haketa
- Department of Applied Chemistry College of Life Sciences Ritsumeikan University 1-1-1 Kusatsu Shiga 525-8577 Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Maeda
- Department of Applied Chemistry College of Life Sciences Ritsumeikan University 1-1-1 Kusatsu Shiga 525-8577 Japan
| | - Takuji Hatakeyama
- Department of Chemistry School of Science and Technology Kwansei Gakuin University 2-1 Gakuen Sanda Hyogo 669-1337 Japan
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9
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Gotoh H, Nakatsuka S, Tanaka H, Yasuda N, Haketa Y, Maeda H, Hatakeyama T. Syntheses and Physical Properties of Cationic BN-Embedded Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:12835-12840. [PMID: 33749982 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202103488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Cationic BN-embedded polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (BN-PAH+ s) were synthesized from a nitrogen-containing macrocycle via pyridine-directed tandem C-H borylation. Incorporating BN into PAH+ resulted in a remarkable hypsochromic shift due to an increase in the LUMO energy and the symmetry changes of the HOMO and LUMO. Electrophilic substitution or anion exchange of BN-PAH+ possessing tetrabromoborate as a counter anion (BN+ [BBr4 - ]) afforded air-stable BN-PAH/PAH+ s. Of these, BN+ [TfO- ] allowed reversible two-electron reduction and the formation of two-dimensional brickwork-type π-electronic ion pair with 1,2,3,4,5-pentacyanocyclopentadienyl anion, demonstrating the potential application of BN-PAH+ as electronic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajime Gotoh
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 2-1 Gakuen, Sanda, Hyogo, 669-1337, Japan
| | - Soichiro Nakatsuka
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 2-1 Gakuen, Sanda, Hyogo, 669-1337, Japan
| | - Hiroki Tanaka
- Department of Applied Chemistry College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Yasuda
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute (JASRI), 1-1-1, Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo, 679-5198, Japan
| | - Yohei Haketa
- Department of Applied Chemistry College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Maeda
- Department of Applied Chemistry College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan
| | - Takuji Hatakeyama
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 2-1 Gakuen, Sanda, Hyogo, 669-1337, Japan
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10
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Barsuk I, Lainé PP, Maurel F, Brémond É. Triangulenium dyes: the comprehensive photo-absorption and emission story of a versatile family of chromophores. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:20673-20684. [PMID: 32895673 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp02990d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The triangulenium dyes constitute a family of versatile chromophores whose impressive photo-absorption and emission properties are currently highlighted in numerous novel experimental applications. In this investigation, we provide a comprehensive TDDFT characterization of their spectroscopic properties elucidating the origin of their large and complex absorption and emission vibronic spectra spread over the (whole) visible region. More precisely, by benchmarking the performance of 10 commonly-used exchange-correlation density functionals belonging to different classes of approximation, we develop and validate a computational protocol allowing the accurate modeling of both the position and optical line-shape of their vibrationally-resolved absorption and emission band structures. We find that semilocal approximations provide the best estimate of the structure of the vibronic spectra, however they spuriously and strongly underestimate their position. We finally show that global-hybrid density functionals mixing between 20 and 30% of exact-like exchange are an excellent compromise to get a satisfactory estimate of both of these properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Barsuk
- Université de Paris, ITODYS, CNRS, F-75006 Paris, France.
| | | | | | - Éric Brémond
- Université de Paris, ITODYS, CNRS, F-75006 Paris, France.
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11
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Laursen BW, Bogh SA, Sørensen TJ. Long fluorescence lifetime triangulenium dyes in imaging and fluorescence polarization assay. Methods Enzymol 2020; 640:249-265. [PMID: 32560801 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2020.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The development of new fluorescent dyes-new fluorochromes-has a large potential to improve the established methods in enzymology, by empowering both detection capability and the scope of the individual method. Unfortunately, there are huge barriers when adopting new improved fluorescent dyes in established methods. The dyes have to be generally available, protocols for labeling and analysis must be in place, and the field has to be aware how the new improved dye can enhance their method of choice. In this chapter, we will address these issues for the triangulenium dyes. A class of dyes that has a long fluorescence lifetime and emission in the red. A unique combination that opens up new possibilities for the study of protein rotational motion, when developing fluorescence polarization (FP) assays, and for all time-resolved imaging or analysis platforms. To make these dyes generally available, the features of the long fluorescence lifetime triangulenium dyes are described and an optimized labelling protocol are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo W Laursen
- Nano-Science Center & Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sidsel A Bogh
- Nano-Science Center & Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Just Sørensen
- Nano-Science Center & Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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12
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Shaikh AC, Veleta JM, Bloch J, Goodman HJ, Gianetti TL. Syntheses of Phosphonium Salts from Phosphines and Carbenium: Efficient CO2
Fixation and Phase-Transfer Catalysts. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202000221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Aslam C. Shaikh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of Arizona; 1306 E. University Blvd. 85719 Tucson AZ USA
| | - José M. Veleta
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of Arizona; 1306 E. University Blvd. 85719 Tucson AZ USA
| | - Jan Bloch
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences; ETH Zürich; Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Hannah J. Goodman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of Arizona; 1306 E. University Blvd. 85719 Tucson AZ USA
| | - Thomas L. Gianetti
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of Arizona; 1306 E. University Blvd. 85719 Tucson AZ USA
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13
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Santella M, Della Pia E, Sørensen JK, Laursen BW. Synthesis and properties of sulfur-functionalized triarylmethylium, acridinium and triangulenium dyes. Beilstein J Org Chem 2019; 15:2133-2141. [PMID: 31579076 PMCID: PMC6753677 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.15.210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Triangulenium dyes functionalized with one, two or three ethylthiol functionalities were synthesized and their optical properties were studied. The sulfur functionalities were introduced by aromatic nucleophilic substitution of methoxy groups in triarylmethylium cations with ethanethiol followed by partial or full ring closure of the ortho positions with nitrogen or oxygen bridges leading to sulfur-functionalized acridinium, xanthenium or triangulenium dyes. For all the dye classes the sulfur functionalities are found to lead to intensely absorbing dyes in the visible range (470 to 515 nm), quite similar to known analogous dye systems with dialkylamino donor groups in place of the ethylthiol substituents. For the triangulenium derivatives significant fluorescence was observed (Φf = 0.1 to Φf = 0.3).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Santella
- Nano-Science Center and Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Eduardo Della Pia
- Nano-Science Center and Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Jakob Kryger Sørensen
- Nano-Science Center and Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Bo W Laursen
- Nano-Science Center and Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
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14
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Dalfen I, Dmitriev RI, Holst G, Klimant I, Borisov SM. Background-Free Fluorescence-Decay-Time Sensing and Imaging of pH with Highly Photostable Diazaoxotriangulenium Dyes. Anal Chem 2018; 91:808-816. [PMID: 30518209 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b02534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Novel fluorescent diazaoxatriangulenium (DAOTA) pH indicators for lifetime-based self-referenced pH sensing are reported. The DAOTA dyes were decorated with phenolic-receptor groups inducing fluorescence quenching via a photoinduced-electron-transfer mechanism. Electron-withdrawing chlorine substituents ensure response in the most relevant pH range (apparent p Ka' values of ∼5 and 7.5 for the p, p-dichlorophenol- and p-chlorophenol-substituted dyes, respectively). The dyes feature long fluorescence lifetimes (17-20 ns), high quantum yields (∼60%), and high photostabilities. Planar optodes are prepared upon immobilization of the dyes into polyurethane hydrogel D4. Apart from the response in the fluorescence intensity, the optodes show pH-dependent lifetime behavior, which makes them suitable for studying 2D pH distributions with the help of fluorescence-lifetime-imaging techniques. The lifetime response is particularly pronounced for the sensors with high dye concentrations (0.5-1 wt % with respect to the polymer) and is attributed to the efficient homo-FRET mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Dalfen
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Food Chemistry , Graz University of Technology , Stremayrgasse 9 , 8010 Graz , Austria
| | - Ruslan I Dmitriev
- School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology , University College Cork , T12 K8AF Cork , Ireland.,Institute for Regenerative Medicine , I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State University , 119146 Moscow , Russian Federation
| | | | - Ingo Klimant
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Food Chemistry , Graz University of Technology , Stremayrgasse 9 , 8010 Graz , Austria
| | - Sergey M Borisov
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Food Chemistry , Graz University of Technology , Stremayrgasse 9 , 8010 Graz , Austria
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15
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Delgado IH, Pascal S, Besnard C, Voci S, Bouffier L, Sojic N, Lacour J. C-Functionalized Cationic Diazaoxatriangulenes: Late-Stage Synthesis and Tuning of Physicochemical Properties. Chemistry 2018; 24:10186-10195. [PMID: 29698563 PMCID: PMC6099254 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201801486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
A series of nine C-functionalized cationic diazaoxatriangulene (DAOTA) dyes have been successfully synthesized and fully characterized, including X-ray structural analysis of four derivatives. The introduction of electron-withdrawing or -donating functions enables the tuning of both electro- and photochemical properties with, for instance, two consecutive (reversible) reductions or oxidations observed for nitro or amino derivatives, respectively. The substituents also impacted on the optical properties, with absorption maxima varying from λ=528 to 640 nm and fluorescence being shifted from the yellow to the red range, up to λ=656 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Hernández Delgado
- Department of Organic ChemistryUniversity of Genevaquai Ernest Ansermet 301211Geneva 4Switzerland
| | - Simon Pascal
- Department of Organic ChemistryUniversity of Genevaquai Ernest Ansermet 301211Geneva 4Switzerland
| | - Céline Besnard
- Laboratory of CrystallographyUniversity of Genevaquai Ernest Ansermet 241211Geneva 4Switzerland
| | - Silvia Voci
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INPISM, UMR 525533400TalenceFrance
| | - Laurent Bouffier
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INPISM, UMR 525533400TalenceFrance
| | - Neso Sojic
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INPISM, UMR 525533400TalenceFrance
| | - Jérôme Lacour
- Department of Organic ChemistryUniversity of Genevaquai Ernest Ansermet 301211Geneva 4Switzerland
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16
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Duwald R, Pascal S, Bosson J, Grass S, Besnard C, Bürgi T, Lacour J. Enantiospecific Elongation of Cationic Helicenes by Electrophilic Functionalization at Terminal Ends. Chemistry 2017; 23:13596-13601. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201703441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Romain Duwald
- Department of Organic Chemistry; University of Geneva; quai Ernest Ansermet 30 1211 Geneva 4 Switzerland
| | - Simon Pascal
- Department of Organic Chemistry; University of Geneva; quai Ernest Ansermet 30 1211 Geneva 4 Switzerland
| | - Johann Bosson
- Department of Organic Chemistry; University of Geneva; quai Ernest Ansermet 30 1211 Geneva 4 Switzerland
| | - Stéphane Grass
- Department of Organic Chemistry; University of Geneva; quai Ernest Ansermet 30 1211 Geneva 4 Switzerland
| | - Céline Besnard
- Laboratoire de Cristallographie; University of Geneva; quai Ernest Ansermet 24 1211 Geneva 4 Switzerland
| | - Thomas Bürgi
- Department of Physical Chemistry; University of Geneva; quai Ernest Ansermet 30 1211 Geneva 4 Switzerland
| | - Jérôme Lacour
- Department of Organic Chemistry; University of Geneva; quai Ernest Ansermet 30 1211 Geneva 4 Switzerland
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17
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Qiao B, Hirsch BE, Lee S, Pink M, Chen CH, Laursen BW, Flood AH. Ion-Pair Oligomerization of Chromogenic Triangulenium Cations with Cyanostar-Modified Anions That Controls Emission in Hierarchical Materials. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:6226-6233. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b01937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Qiao
- Department
of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Brandon E. Hirsch
- Department
of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Semin Lee
- Department
of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Maren Pink
- Department
of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Chun-Hsing Chen
- Department
of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Bo W. Laursen
- Nano-Science Center & Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, København Ø 2100, Denmark
| | - Amar H. Flood
- Department
of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
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18
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Topolyan AP, Strizhevskaya DA, Slyundina MS, Belyaeva MA, Ivanova OM, Korshun VA, Ustinov AV, Mikhura IV, Formanovsky AA, Borisov RS. Tris(2,6-dimethoxyphenyl)methyl carbenium ion as a charge derivatization agent for the analysis of primary amines by MALDI mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s106193481614015x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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19
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Bogh S, Simmermacher M, Westberg M, Bregnhøj M, Rosenberg M, De Vico L, Veiga M, Laursen BW, Ogilby PR, Sauer SPA, Sørensen TJ. Azadioxatriangulenium and Diazaoxatriangulenium: Quantum Yields and Fundamental Photophysical Properties. ACS OMEGA 2017; 2:193-203. [PMID: 31457221 PMCID: PMC6641101 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.6b00211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Over the last decade, we have investigated and exploited the photophysical properties of triangulenium dyes. Azadioxatriangulenium (ADOTA) and diazaoxatriangulenium (DAOTA), in particular, have features that make them useful in various fluorescence-based technologies (e.g., bioimaging). Through our work with ADOTA and DAOTA, we became aware that the reported fluorescence quantum yields (ϕfl) for these dyes are lower than their actual values. We thus set out to further investigate the fundamental structure-property relationships in these unique conjugated cationic systems. The nonradiative processes in the systems were explored using transient absorption spectroscopy and time-resolved emission spectroscopy in combination with computational chemistry. The influence of molecular oxygen on the fluorescence properties was explored, and the singlet oxygen sensitization efficiencies of ADOTA and DAOTA were determined. We conclude that, for these dyes, the amount of nonradiative deactivation of the first excited singlet state (S1) of the azaoxa-triangulenium fluorophores is low, that the rate of such deactivation is slower than what is observed in common cationic dyes, that there are no observable radiative transitions occurring from the first excited triplet state (T1) of these dyes, and that the efficiency of sensitized singlet oxygen production is low (ϕΔ ≤ 10%). These photophysical results provide a solid base upon which technological applications of these fluorescent dyes can be built.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidsel
A. Bogh
- Nano-Science
Center & Department of Chemistry, University
of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken
5, 2100 København
Ø, Denmark
| | - Mats Simmermacher
- Nano-Science
Center & Department of Chemistry, University
of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken
5, 2100 København
Ø, Denmark
| | - Michael Westberg
- Department
of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Mikkel Bregnhøj
- Department
of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Martin Rosenberg
- Nano-Science
Center & Department of Chemistry, University
of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken
5, 2100 København
Ø, Denmark
| | - Luca De Vico
- Nano-Science
Center & Department of Chemistry, University
of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken
5, 2100 København
Ø, Denmark
| | - Manoel Veiga
- PicoQuant
GmbH, Rudower Chaussee
29, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Bo W. Laursen
- Nano-Science
Center & Department of Chemistry, University
of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken
5, 2100 København
Ø, Denmark
| | - Peter R. Ogilby
- Department
of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Stephan P. A. Sauer
- Nano-Science
Center & Department of Chemistry, University
of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken
5, 2100 København
Ø, Denmark
| | - Thomas Just Sørensen
- Nano-Science
Center & Department of Chemistry, University
of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken
5, 2100 København
Ø, Denmark
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20
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Asai K, Fukazawa A, Yamaguchi S. Stable Red-Emissive Cationic Dithienotropylium Dyes. Chemistry 2016; 22:17571-17575. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201604509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kengo Asai
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science and Integrated Research Consortium on Chemical Sciences (IRCCS); Nagoya University, Furo, Chikusa; Nagoya 464-8602 Japan
| | - Aiko Fukazawa
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science and Integrated Research Consortium on Chemical Sciences (IRCCS); Nagoya University, Furo, Chikusa; Nagoya 464-8602 Japan
| | - Shigehiro Yamaguchi
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science and Integrated Research Consortium on Chemical Sciences (IRCCS); Nagoya University, Furo, Chikusa; Nagoya 464-8602 Japan
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM); Nagoya University, Furo, Chikusa; Nagoya 464-8602 Japan
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21
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Stępień M, Gońka E, Żyła M, Sprutta N. Heterocyclic Nanographenes and Other Polycyclic Heteroaromatic Compounds: Synthetic Routes, Properties, and Applications. Chem Rev 2016; 117:3479-3716. [PMID: 27258218 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 861] [Impact Index Per Article: 107.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensionally extended, polycyclic heteroaromatic molecules (heterocyclic nanographenes) are a highly versatile class of organic materials, applicable as functional chromophores and organic semiconductors. In this Review, we discuss the rich chemistry of large heteroaromatics, focusing on their synthesis, electronic properties, and applications in materials science. This Review summarizes the historical development and current state of the art in this rapidly expanding field of research, which has become one of the key exploration areas of modern heterocyclic chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Stępień
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski , ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Gońka
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski , ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Marika Żyła
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski , ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Natasza Sprutta
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski , ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
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22
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Liao Z, Bogh SA, Santella M, Rein C, Sørensen TJ, Laursen BW, Vosch T. Emissive Photoconversion Products of an Amino-triangulenium Dye. J Phys Chem A 2016; 120:3554-61. [PMID: 27149340 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.6b03134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Upon prolonged exposure to intense blue light, the tris(diethylamino)-trioxatriangulenium (A3-TOTA(+)) fluorophore can undergo a photochemical reaction to form either a blue-shifted or a red-shifted fluorescent photoproduct. The formation of the latter depends on the amount of oxygen present during the photoconversion. The A3-TOTA(+) fluorophore is structurally similar to rhodamine, with peripheral amino groups on a cationic aromatic system. The photoconversion products were identified by UV-vis absorption and steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy, and further characterized by HPLC, LC-MS, and (1)H NMR. Two reaction pathways were identified: a dealkylation reaction and an oxidation leading to formation of one or more amide groups on the peripheral donor groups. The photoconversion is controlled by the experimental conditions, in particular the presence of oxygen and water, and the choice of solvent. The results highlight the need to characterize the formation of fluorescent photoproducts of commonly used fluorescent probes, since these could give rise to false positives in multicolor/multilabel imaging, colocalization studies, and FRET based assays. Finally, an improved understanding of the photochemical reaction leading to bleaching of fluorescent dyes can lead to the creation of specific probes for fluorescence based monitoring of chemical reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyu Liao
- Nano-Science Center and Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen , Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sidsel Ammitzbøll Bogh
- Nano-Science Center and Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen , Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marco Santella
- Nano-Science Center and Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen , Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian Rein
- Nano-Science Center and Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen , Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Just Sørensen
- Nano-Science Center and Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen , Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bo W Laursen
- Nano-Science Center and Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen , Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tom Vosch
- Nano-Science Center and Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen , Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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23
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Sørensen TJ, Shi D, Laursen BW. Tetramethoxy-Aminorhodamine (TMARh): A Bichromophore, an Improved Fluorophore, and a pH Switch. Chemistry 2016; 22:7046-9. [PMID: 26995766 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201600496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Rhodamine is one of the most widely used fluorescent dyes. Here, a new synthetic pathway to the popular dyes is reported and the effect of adding four methoxy groups to the molecular structure is investigated. Tetramethoxy-aminorhodamine (TMARh) is found to show superior pH switching compared to the rhodamine without the four methoxy groups, owing to changed properties of the dark "off" state and increased fluorescence intensity in the protonated "on" state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Just Sørensen
- Nano-Science Center & Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100, København Ø, Denmark
| | - Dong Shi
- Nano-Science Center & Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100, København Ø, Denmark
| | - Bo W Laursen
- Nano-Science Center & Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100, København Ø, Denmark.
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24
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Delgado IH, Pascal S, Wallabregue A, Duwald R, Besnard C, Guénée L, Nançoz C, Vauthey E, Tovar RC, Lunkley JL, Muller G, Lacour J. Functionalized cationic [4]helicenes with unique tuning of absorption, fluorescence and chiroptical properties up to the far-red range. Chem Sci 2016; 7:4685-4693. [PMID: 29348909 PMCID: PMC5772034 DOI: 10.1039/c6sc00614k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Unprecedented regioselective post-functionalization of racemic and enantiopure cationic diaza [4]helicenes is afforded. The peripheral auxochrome substituents allow a general tuning of the electrochemical, photophysical and chiroptical properties of the helical dyes (26 examples). For instance, electronic absorption and circular dichroism are modulated from the orange to near-infrared spectral range (575-750 nm), fluorescence quantum efficiency is enhanced up to 0.55 (631 nm) and circularly polarized luminescence is recorded in the red (|glum| ∼ 10-3).
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Affiliation(s)
- I Hernández Delgado
- Department of Organic Chemistry , University of Geneva , Quai Ernest Ansermet 30 , CH-1211 Geneva 4 , Switzerland
| | - S Pascal
- Department of Organic Chemistry , University of Geneva , Quai Ernest Ansermet 30 , CH-1211 Geneva 4 , Switzerland
| | - A Wallabregue
- Department of Organic Chemistry , University of Geneva , Quai Ernest Ansermet 30 , CH-1211 Geneva 4 , Switzerland
| | - R Duwald
- Department of Organic Chemistry , University of Geneva , Quai Ernest Ansermet 30 , CH-1211 Geneva 4 , Switzerland
| | - C Besnard
- Laboratory of Crystallography , University of Geneva , Quai Ernest Ansermet 24 , CH-1211 Geneva 4 , Switzerland
| | - L Guénée
- Laboratory of Crystallography , University of Geneva , Quai Ernest Ansermet 24 , CH-1211 Geneva 4 , Switzerland
| | - C Nançoz
- Department of Physical Chemistry , University of Geneva , Quai Ernest Ansermet 24 , CH-1211 Geneva 4 , Switzerland
| | - E Vauthey
- Department of Physical Chemistry , University of Geneva , Quai Ernest Ansermet 24 , CH-1211 Geneva 4 , Switzerland
| | - R C Tovar
- Department of Chemistry , San José State University , 1 Washington Square , San José , CA 95192-0101 , USA
| | - J L Lunkley
- Department of Chemistry , San José State University , 1 Washington Square , San José , CA 95192-0101 , USA
| | - G Muller
- Department of Chemistry , San José State University , 1 Washington Square , San José , CA 95192-0101 , USA
| | - J Lacour
- Department of Organic Chemistry , University of Geneva , Quai Ernest Ansermet 30 , CH-1211 Geneva 4 , Switzerland
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25
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Shivalingam A, Vyšniauskas A, Albrecht T, White AJP, Kuimova MK, Vilar R. Trianguleniums as Optical Probes for G-Quadruplexes: A Photophysical, Electrochemical, and Computational Study. Chemistry 2016; 22:4129-39. [PMID: 26880483 PMCID: PMC4991273 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201504099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Nucleic acids can adopt non-duplex topologies, such as G-quadruplexes in vitro. Yet it has been challenging to establish their existence and function in vivo due to a lack of suitable tools. Recently, we identified the triangulenium compound DAOTA-M2 as a unique fluorescence probe for such studies. This probe's emission lifetime is highly dependent on the topology of the DNA it interacts with opening up the possibility of carrying out live-cell imaging studies. Herein, we describe the origin of its fluorescence selectivity for G-quadruplexes. Cyclic voltammetry predicts that the appended morpholino groups can act as intra- molecular photo-induced electron transfer (PET) quenchers. Photophysical studies show that a delicate balance between this effect and inter-molecular PET with nucleobases is key to the overall fluorescence enhancement observed upon nucleic acid binding. We utilised computational modelling to demonstrate a conformational dependence of intra-molecular PET. Finally, we performed orthogonal studies with a triangulenium compound, in which the morpholino groups were removed, and demonstrated that this change inverts triangulenium fluorescence selectivity from G-quadruplex to duplex DNA, thus highlighting the importance of fine tuning the molecular structure not only for target affinity, but also for fluorescence response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Shivalingam
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Aurimas Vyšniauskas
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Tim Albrecht
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Andrew J P White
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Marina K Kuimova
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
| | - Ramon Vilar
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
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26
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Wallabregue A, Moreau D, Sherin P, Moneva Lorente P, Jarolímová Z, Bakker E, Vauthey E, Gruenberg J, Lacour J. Selective Imaging of Late Endosomes with a pH-Sensitive Diazaoxatriangulene Fluorescent Probe. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:1752-5. [PMID: 26799309 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b09972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Late endosomes are a major trafficking hub in the cell at the crossroads between endocytosis, autophagy, and degradation in lysosomes. Herein is disclosed the first small molecule allowing their selective imaging and monitoring in the form of a diazaoxatriangulene fluorophore, 1a (hexadecyl side chain). The compound is prepared in three steps from a simple carbenium precursor. In nanospheres, this pH-sensitive (pKa = 7.3), photochemically stable dye fluoresces in the red part of visible light (601 and 578 nm, acid and basic forms, respectively) with a quantum yield between 14 and 16% and an excited-state lifetime of 7.7-7.8 ns. Importantly, the protonated form 1a·H(+) provokes a specific staining of late endosome compartments (pH 5.0-5.5) after 5 h of incubation with HeLa cells. Not surprisingly, this late endosome marking depends on the intra-organelle pH, and changing the nature of the lipophilic chain provokes a loss of selectivity. Interestingly, fixation of the fluorophore is readily achieved with paraformaldehyde, giving the possibility to image both live and fixed cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Peter Sherin
- International Tomography Center SB RAS , Institutskaya street 3A, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
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27
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Bora I, Bogh SA, Rosenberg M, Santella M, Sørensen TJ, Laursen BW. Diazaoxatriangulenium: synthesis of reactive derivatives and conjugation to bovine serum albumin. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 14:1091-101. [PMID: 26633730 DOI: 10.1039/c5ob02293b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The azaoxa-triangulenium dyes are characterised by emission in the red and a long fluorescence lifetime (up to 25 ns). These properties have been widely explored for the azadioxatrianguelnium (ADOTA) dye. Here, the syntheses of reactive maleimide and NHS-ester forms of the diazaoxatriangulenium (DAOTA) system are reported. The DAOTA fluorophore was conjugated to bovine serum albumin (BSA) and investigated in comparison to the corresponding ADOTA-BSA conjugate. It was found that the fluorescence of DAOTA experienced a significantly higher degree of solvent quenching if compared to ADOTA as non-conjugated dyes in aqueous solution, while the fluorescence quenching observed upon conjugation to BSA was significantly reduced for DAOTA when compared to ADOTA. The differences in observed quenching for the conjugates can be explained by the different electronic structures of the dyes, which renders DAOTA significantly less prone to reductive photoinduced electron transfer (PET) quenching from e.g. tryptophan. We conclude that DAOTA, with emission in the red and inherent resistance to PET quenching, is an ideal platform for the development of long fluorescence lifetime probes for time-resolved imaging and fluorescence polarisation assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilkay Bora
- Nano-Science Center & Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 København Ø, Denmark.
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28
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Yokoyama S, Hirose T, Matsuda K. Photochemical Cleavage of Axial Group Attached to the Central Carbon Atom of Triangulene Leuco Derivatives at the Ethanol/Au(111) Substrate. CHEM LETT 2015. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.150738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Soichi Yokoyama
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University
| | - Takashi Hirose
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University
| | - Kenji Matsuda
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University
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29
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Bogh SA, Bora I, Rosenberg M, Thyrhaug E, Laursen BW, Sørensen TJ. Azadioxatriangulenium: exploring the effect of a 20 ns fluorescence lifetime in fluorescence anisotropy measurements. Methods Appl Fluoresc 2015; 3:045001. [PMID: 29148501 DOI: 10.1088/2050-6120/3/4/045001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Azaoxatriangulenium (ADOTA) has been shown to be highly emissive despite a moderate molar absorption coefficient of the primary electronic transition. As a result, the fluorescence lifetime is ~20 ns, longer than all commonly used red fluorescent organic probes. The electronic transitions in ADOTA are highly polarised (r 0 = 0.38), which in combination with the long fluorescence lifetime extents the size-range of biomolecular weights that can be detected in fluorescence polarisation-based experiments. Here, the rotational dynamics of bovine serum albumin (BSA) are monitored with three different ADOTA derivatives, differing only in constitution of the reactive linker. A detailed study of the degree of labelling, the steady-state anisotropy, and the time-resolved anisotropy of the three different ADOTA-BSA conjugates are reported. The fluorescence quantum yields (ϕ fl) of the free dyes in PBS solution are determined to be ~55%, which is reduced to ~20% in the ADOTA-BSA conjugates. Despite the reduction in ϕ fl, a ~20 ns intensity averaged lifetime is maintained, allowing for the rotational dynamics of BSA to be monitored for up to 100 ns. Thus, ADOTA can be used in fluorescence polarisation assays to fill the gap between commonly used organic dyes and the long luminescence lifetime transition metal complexes. This allows for efficient steady-state fluorescence polarisation assays for detecting binding of analytes with molecular weights of up to 100 kDa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidsel A Bogh
- Nano-Science Center & Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 København Ø, Denmark
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30
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The interactions between a small molecule and G-quadruplexes are visualized by fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy. Nat Commun 2015; 6:8178. [PMID: 26350962 PMCID: PMC4579598 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms9178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 07/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Guanine-rich oligonucleotides can fold into quadruple-stranded helical structures known as G-quadruplexes. Mounting experimental evidence has gathered suggesting that these non-canonical nucleic acid structures form in vivo and play essential biological roles. However, to date, there are no small-molecule optical probes to image G-quadruplexes in live cells. Herein, we report the design and development of a small fluorescent molecule, which can be used as an optical probe for G-quadruplexes. We demonstrate that the fluorescence lifetime of this new probe changes considerably upon interaction with different nucleic acid topologies. Specifically, longer fluorescence lifetimes are observed in vitro for G-quadruplexes than for double- and single-stranded nucleic acids. Cellular studies confirm that this molecule is cell permeable, has low cytotoxicity and localizes primarily in the cell nucleus. Furthermore, using fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy, live-cell imaging suggests that the probe can be used to study the interaction of small molecules with G-quadruplexes in vivo. Guanine-rich oligonucleotides can fold into secondary structures known as G-quadruplexes that are proposed to have various biological roles. Here, Shivalingam et al. develop a cell-permeable, low-toxicity probe that can be used to probe interactions between G-quadruplexes and small molecules in vivo.
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31
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Benzhydrylium and tritylium ions: complementary probes for examining ambident nucleophiles. PURE APPL CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1515/pac-2014-1116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe linear free energy relationship log k = sN(N + E) (eq. 1), in which E is an electrophilicity, N is a nucleophilicity, and sN is a nucleophile-dependent sensitivity parameter, is a reliable tool for predicting rate constants of bimolecular electrophile-nucleophile combinations. Nucleophilicity scales that are based on eq. (1) rely on a set of structurally similar benzhydrylium ions (Ar2CH+) as reference electrophiles. As steric effects are not explicitely considered, eq. (1) cannot unrestrictedly be employed for reactions of bulky substrates. Since, on the other hand, the reactions of tritylium ions (Ar3C+) with hydride donors, alcohols, and amines were found to follow eq. (1), tritylium ions turned out to be complementary tools for probing organic reactivity. Kinetics of the reactions of Ar3C+ with π-nucleophiles (olefins), n-nucleophiles (amines, alcohols, water), hydride donors and ambident nucleophiles, such as the anions of 5-substituted Meldrum’s acids, are discussed to analyze the applicability of tritylium ions as reference electrophiles.
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32
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Wei Z, Wang X, Borges A, Santella M, Li T, Sørensen JK, Vanin M, Hu W, Liu Y, Ulstrup J, Solomon GC, Chi Q, Bjørnholm T, Nørgaard K, Laursen BW. Triazatriangulene as binding group for molecular electronics. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2014; 30:14868-14876. [PMID: 25426950 DOI: 10.1021/la504056v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The triazatriangulene (TATA) ring system was investigated as a binding group for tunnel junctions of molecular wires on gold surfaces. Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of TATA platforms with three different lengths of phenylene wires were fabricated, and their electrical conductance was recorded by both conducting probe-atomic force microscopy (CP-AFM) and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). Similar measurements were performed for phenylene SAMs with thiol anchoring groups as references. It was found that, despite the presence of a sp(3) hybridized carbon atom in the conduction path, the TATA platform displays a contact resistance only slightly larger than the thiols. This surprising finding has not been reported before and was analyzed by theoretical computations of the transmission functions of the TATA anchored molecular wires. The relatively low contact resistance of the TATA platform along with its high stability and directionality make this binding group very attractive for molecular electronic measurements and devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongming Wei
- Nano-Science Center & Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen , Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
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33
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Vanel R, Miannay FA, Vauthey E, Lacour J. Direct coupling of carbenium ions with indoles and anilines for the synthesis of cationic π-conjugated dyes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:12169-72. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc05193a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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34
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Trinquier G, Chilkuri VG, Malrieu JP. When a single hole aligns several spins: double exchange in organic systems. J Chem Phys 2014; 140:204113. [PMID: 24880272 DOI: 10.1063/1.4878498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The double exchange is a well-known and technically important phenomenon in solid state physics. Ionizing a system composed of two antiferromagnetically coupled high-spin units, the ground state of which is a singlet state, may actually produce a high-spin ground state. This work illustrates the possible occurrence of such a phenomenon in organic chemistry. The here-considered high-spin units are triangulenes, the ground state of which is a triplet. Bridging two of them through a benzene ring produces a molecular architecture of singlet ground state. A careful exploitation of a series of unrestricted density functional calculations enables one to avoid spin contamination in the treatment of the doublet states and shows that under ionization the system becomes of quartet multiplicity in its ground state. The possibility to align more than three spins from conjugated hydrocarbon polyradicals is explored, considering partially hydrogenated triangulenes. A dramatic example shows that ionization of a singlet ground state molecule may generate a decuplet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georges Trinquier
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Quantiques, CNRS, UMR 5626, IRSAMC, Université Paul-Sabatier, 118 Rte de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse Cedex, France
| | - Vijay Gopal Chilkuri
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Quantiques, CNRS, UMR 5626, IRSAMC, Université Paul-Sabatier, 118 Rte de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse Cedex, France
| | - Jean-Paul Malrieu
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Quantiques, CNRS, UMR 5626, IRSAMC, Université Paul-Sabatier, 118 Rte de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse Cedex, France
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35
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Shi D, Schwall C, Sfintes G, Thyrhaug E, Hammershøj P, Cárdenas M, Simonsen JB, Laursen BW. Counterions Control Whether Self-Assembly Leads to Formation of Stable and Well-Defined Unilamellar Nanotubes or Nanoribbons and Nanorods. Chemistry 2014; 20:6853-6. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201402523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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36
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Sørensen TJ, Nielsen MF, Laursen BW. Synthesis and Stability ofN,N′-Dialkyl-1,13-dimethoxyquinacridinium (DMQA+): A [4]Helicene with Multiple Redox States. Chempluschem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201402058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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37
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Bosson J, Gouin J, Lacour J. Cationic triangulenes and helicenes: synthesis, chemical stability, optical properties and extended applications of these unusual dyes. Chem Soc Rev 2014; 43:2824-40. [PMID: 24500211 DOI: 10.1039/c3cs60461f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Cationic triangulenes and helicenes are highly stable carbocations with planar and helical conformations respectively. These moieties are effective dyes with original absorption and emission properties. Over the last decade, they have received greater attention and are considered as valuable tools for the development of innovative applications. In this review, the synthesis of these unique compounds is presented together with their core chemical and physical properties. Representative applications spanning from surface sciences to biology and chemistry are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johann Bosson
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, quai Ernest Ansermet 30, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland.
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38
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Kushida T, Camacho C, Shuto A, Irle S, Muramatsu M, Katayama T, Ito S, Nagasawa Y, Miyasaka H, Sakuda E, Kitamura N, Zhou Z, Wakamiya A, Yamaguchi S. Constraint-induced structural deformation of planarized triphenylboranes in the excited state. Chem Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3sc52751d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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39
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Dong B, Sakurai T, Bando Y, Seki S, Takaishi K, Uchiyama M, Muranaka A, Maeda H. Ion-based materials derived from positively and negatively charged chloride complexes of π-conjugated molecules. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:14797-805. [PMID: 24053173 DOI: 10.1021/ja4071333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Oriented salts from planar charged species were prepared by combining positively and negatively charged receptor-anion complexes with similar geometries using dicationic and electronically neutral π-conjugated receptors. Phenylene- or pyrimidine-bridged bis(imidazolium) dicationic anion receptors formed monocationic receptor-Cl(-) complexes that were accompanied by a free Cl(-). This free Cl(-) was subsequently captured by pyrrole-based neutral anion receptors to form negatively charged receptor-Cl(-) complexes. The ion pair of the resulting positively and negatively charged planar receptor-Cl(-) complexes could produce a supramolecular octane gel, adopting a lamellar self-organized structure in its xerogel state. On the other hand, the solid-state ion pairs had hexagonal columnar mesophases, which formed via alternate stacking of the positively and negatively charged planar receptor-Cl(-) complexes. By use of the flash-photolysis time-resolved microwave conductivity technique, the one-dimensional charge-carrier transporting property, with a mobility of 0.05 cm(2) V(-1) s(-1), was determined for the newly prepared solid-state ion pairs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Dong
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University , Kusatsu 525-8577, Japan
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40
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Westerlund F, Lemke HT, Hassenkam T, Simonsen JB, Laursen BW. Self-assembly and near perfect macroscopic alignment of fluorescent triangulenium salt in spin-cast thin films on PTFE. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2013; 29:6728-6736. [PMID: 23627252 DOI: 10.1021/la400797b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Highly fluorescent, discotic trioxatriangulenium dyes were aligned by simple spin-casting on substrates with friction transferred PTFE layers. The fluorescent crystalline thin films show near perfect macroscopic alignment on centimeter large areas directly from spin-casting. Gracing Incidence X-ray Diffraction (GIXD) unambiguously allowed the determination of a long-range order unit cell as well as its orientation with respect to the PTFE fibers. Further analysis of the X-ray data, in conjunction with polarized absorption spectroscopy, suggest a lamellar packing model with alternating layers of alkyl chains and ionic dyes oriented parallel to the substrate. This structure results in a highly anisotropic electrostatic potential around the cationic chromophore, causing significant shifts in energy and orientation of the optical transitions. Thus, the optical properties of the material are, to a large extent, controlled by the position of the otherwise inert PF6(-) counterions. The bright fluorescence from the films is also polarized parallel to the PTFE alignment layer. Doping of the thin films with fluorescent energy acceptor traps shows that efficient exciton migration takes place in the thin films. The excellent exciton transfer capabilities, in conjunction with the perfect alignment, might be of interest in future applications in solar energy harvesting or as thin film sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fredrik Westerlund
- Nano-Science Center and Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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41
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Sørensen TJ, Thyrhaug E, Szabelski M, Luchowski R, Gryczynski I, Gryczynski Z, Laursen BW. Azadioxatriangulenium: a long fluorescence lifetime fluorophore for large biomolecule binding assay. Methods Appl Fluoresc 2013; 1:025001. [PMID: 29148442 DOI: 10.1088/2050-6120/1/2/025001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Of the many optical bioassays available, sensing by fluorescence anisotropy has great advantages as it provides a sensitive, instrumentally simple, ratiometric method of detection. However, it is hampered by a severe limitation, as the emission lifetime of the label needs to be comparable to the correlation lifetime (tumbling time) of the biomolecule which is labelled. For proteins of moderate size this is on the order of 20-200 ns, which due to practical issues currently limits the choice of labels to the dansyl-type dyes and certain aromatic dyes. These have the significant drawback of UV/blue absorption and emission as well as an often significant solvent sensitivity. Here, we report the synthesis and characterization of a new fluorescent label for high molecular weight biomolecule assay based on the azadioxatriangulenium motif. The NHS ester of the long fluorescence lifetime, red-emitting fluorophore: azadioxatriangulenium (ADOTA-NHS) was conjugated to anti-rabbit Immunoglobulin G (antiIgG). The long fluorescence lifetime was exploited to determine the correlation time of the high molecular weight antibody and its complex with rabbit Immunoglobulin G (IgG) with steady-state fluorescence anisotropy and time-resolved methods: solution phase immuno-assay was performed following either steady-state or time-resolved fluorescence anisotropy. By performing a variable temperature experiment it was determined that the binding of the ligand resulted in an increase in correlation time of more than 75%, and an increase in the steady-state anisotropy of 18%. The results show that the triangulenium class of dyes can be used in anisotropy assay to detect binding events involving biomolecules of far larger size than what is possible with most other red-emitting organic dyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Just Sørensen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Immunology, Center for Commercialization of Fluorescence Technologies, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA. Nano-Science Center and Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 København Ø, Denmark
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Thyrhaug E, Sørensen TJ, Gryczynski I, Gryczynski Z, Laursen BW. Polarization and symmetry of electronic transitions in long fluorescence lifetime triangulenium dyes. J Phys Chem A 2013; 117:2160-8. [PMID: 23391292 DOI: 10.1021/jp312376k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
To fully exploit the capabilities of fluorescence probes in modern experiments, where advanced instrumentation is used to probe complex environments, other photophysical properties than emission color and emission intensity are monitored. Each dye property can be addressed individually as well as collectively to provide in-depth information unavailable from the standard intensity measurements. Dyes with long emission lifetimes and strongly polarized transitions enable the monitoring of lifetime changes as well as emission polarization (anisotropy). Thus experiments can be designed to follow slow dynamics. The UV and visible electronic transitions of a series of red-emitting dyes based on the triangulenium motif are investigated. We resolve overlapping features in the spectra and assign the orientation of the transition moments to the molecular axes. The result is the complete Jablonski diagram for the UV and visible spectral region. The symmetries of the studied dyes are shown to have a large influence on the optical response, and they are clearly separated into two groups of symmetry by their photophysical properties. The C(2v) symmetric dyes, azadioxatriangulenium (ADOTA(+)) and diazaoxatriangulenium (DAOTA(+)), have high emission anisotropies, fluorescence lifetimes around 20 ns, and fluorescence quantum yields of ∼50%. The trioxatriangulenium (TOTA(+)) and triazatriangulenium (TATA(+)) dyes-nominally of D(3h) symmetry-have fluorescence lifetimes around 10 ns lifetimes and fluorescence quantum yields of 10-15%. However, the D(3h) symmetry is shown to be lowered to a point group, where the axes transform uniquely such that the degeneracy of the E' states is lifted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erling Thyrhaug
- Nano-Science Center & Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 København Ø, Denmark
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43
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Sørensen TJ, Madsen AØ, Laursen BW. Synthesis and fluorescence properties of DMCX+—a stable oxygen-bridged [4]helicenium dye. Tetrahedron Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2012.11.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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44
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Dong B, Maeda H. Ion-based materials comprising planar charged species. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:4085-4099. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cc34407f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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45
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Ferreira JAB, Sánchez-Coronilla A, Togashi DM, Ferreira H, Ascenso JR, Costa SMB. Electrophilic reactivity of tetrabromorhodamine 123 is bromine induced: convergent interpretation through complementary molecular descriptors. J Phys Chem A 2012; 116:11938-45. [PMID: 23134615 DOI: 10.1021/jp307461m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Nucleophilic addition of water and of methanol to 3,6-diamino-2,4,5,7-tetrabromo-9-[2-(methoxycarbonyl) phenyl]-9H-xanthen-9-ylium, 4BrR123, yields respectively 2-(3,6-diamino-2,4,5,7-tetrabromo-9-hydroxy-9H-xanthen-9-yl)xanthyl benzoate, HO4BrR123 and 2-(3,6-diamino-2,4,5,7-tetrabromo-9-methoxy-9H-xanthen-9-yl)xanthyl benzoate, MeO4BrR123. The novel experimental results are addressed theoretically. The linear free energy relationship, LFER, second-order perturbation theory analysis of the natural bond orbital, NBO, and quantum theory of atoms in molecules, QTAIM, lead to the same conclusion: the electron-withdrawing effect of bonded Br atoms in 4BrR123 extremely enhances the molecular electrophilicity, as compared to 3,6-diamino-9-[2-(methoxycarbonyl) phenyl]-9H-xanthen-9-ylium, R123. The reactivity of these diaminoxanthylium cations is discussed in the context of local and global softness in extended conjugated systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- José A B Ferreira
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa, Portugal.
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46
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Shi D, Sfintes G, Laursen BW, Simonsen JB. Fluorescent and highly stable unimodal DMPC based unilamellar vesicles formed by spontaneous curvature. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2012; 28:8608-8615. [PMID: 22594640 DOI: 10.1021/la301454y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The formation of uniform and highly stable unilamellar vesicles (ULVs) and the theory behind it are ongoing tasks within the vesicle community. Herein, we report the formation of highly stable, fluorescent, and unimodal 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DMPC) based ULVs with an average size of ~100 nm, as determined by cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS). The ULVs are formed by mixing a two-component powder mixture or mixed lipid film of DMPC and 5 mol % of a novel amphiphilic carbenium salt, sodium 2-didecylamino-6,10-bis(N-methyltaruino)-4,8,12-trioxatriangulenium (Na-DSA) in aqueous solution when subjected to shaking. We propose that the high stability and the unimodal size distribution of the 5% DSA ULVs confirmed by DLS studies are a product of spontaneous curvature. UV-vis absorption/emission studies reveal that the structure of DSA promotes a strong interaction between the DMPC and the DSA to take place due to the complementary charge distribution of the DSA and DMPC head groups. The strong interaction may introduce an asymmetric amphiphile composition in the inner and outer leaflet of the bilayer which drives the spontaneous curvature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Shi
- Nano-Science Center & Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
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47
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Hammershøj P, Sørensen TJ, Han BH, Laursen BW. Base-Assisted One-Pot Synthesis of N,N′,N″-Triaryltriazatriangulenium Dyes: Enhanced Fluorescence Efficiency by Steric Constraints. J Org Chem 2012; 77:5606-12. [DOI: 10.1021/jo3007732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Hammershøj
- Nano-Science Center & Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK2100 København Ø, Denmark
| | - Thomas Just Sørensen
- Nano-Science Center & Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK2100 København Ø, Denmark
| | - Bao-Hang Han
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, 11 Beiyitiao Zhongguancun,
Beijing 100190, China
| | - Bo W. Laursen
- Nano-Science Center & Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK2100 København Ø, Denmark
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48
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Mehanna N, Grass S, Lacour J. Surprisingly Difficult Resolution of N
-Methylated Cationic [4]Helicenes. Chirality 2012; 24:928-35. [DOI: 10.1002/chir.22032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2011] [Accepted: 01/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Mehanna
- Department of Organic Chemistry; University of Geneva; Geneva Switzerland
| | - Stéphane Grass
- Department of Organic Chemistry; University of Geneva; Geneva Switzerland
| | - Jérôme Lacour
- Department of Organic Chemistry; University of Geneva; Geneva Switzerland
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Folmar M, Shtoyko T, Fudala R, Akopova I, Gryczynski Z, Raut S, Gryczynski I. Metal enhanced fluorescence of Me-ADOTA·Cl dye by silver triangular nanoprisms on a gold film. Chem Phys Lett 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2012.01.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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50
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Sørensen TJ, Hildebrandt CB, Elm J, Andreasen JW, Madsen AØ, Westerlund F, Laursen BW. Large area, soft crystalline thin films of N,N′,N′′-trialkyltriazatriangulenium salts with homeotropic alignment of the discotic cores in a lamellar lattice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2jm15954f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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