1
|
Aziz M, Prindle CR, Lee W, Zhang B, Schaack C, Steigerwald ML, Zandkarimi F, Nuckolls C, Venkataraman L. Evaluating the Ability of External Electric Fields to Accelerate Reactions in Solution. J Phys Chem B 2024; 128:9553-9560. [PMID: 39317430 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.4c04864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2024]
Abstract
This study investigates the catalytic effects of external electric fields (EEFs) on two reactions in solution: the Menshutkin reaction and the Chapman rearrangement. Utilizing a scanning tunneling microscope-based break-junction (STM-BJ) setup and monitoring reaction rates through high-performance liquid chromatography connected to a UV detector (HPLC-UV) and ultraperformance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-q-ToF-MS), we observed no rate enhancement for either reaction under ambient conditions. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations indicate that electric field-induced changes in reactant orientation and the minimization of activation energy are crucial factors in determining the efficacy of EEF-driven catalysis. Our findings suggest that the current experimental setups and field strengths are insufficient to catalyze these reactions, underscoring the importance of these criteria in assessing the reaction candidates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Aziz
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Claudia R Prindle
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Woojung Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Boyuan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Fairfield University, Fairfield, Connecticut 06824, United States
| | - Cedric Schaack
- Department of Chemistry, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27109, United States
| | - Michael L Steigerwald
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Fereshteh Zandkarimi
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
- Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Colin Nuckolls
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Latha Venkataraman
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kundu S, Berkelbach TC. Reaction Rate Theory for Electric Field Catalysis in Solution. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:26041-26047. [PMID: 39236158 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c05877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/07/2024]
Abstract
The application of an external, oriented electric field has emerged as an attractive technique for manipulating chemical reactions. Because most applications occur in solution, a theory of electric field catalysis requires treatment of the solvent, whose interaction with both the external field and the reacting species modifies the reaction energetics and thus the reaction rate. Here, we formulate such a transition state theory using a dielectric continuum model, and we incorporate dynamical effects due to solvent motion via Grote-Hynes corrections. We apply our theory to the Menshutkin reaction between CH3I and pyridine, which is catalyzed by polar solvents, and to the symmetric SN2 reaction of F- with CH3F, which is inhibited by polar solvents. At low applied field strengths when the solvent responds linearly, our theory predicts near-complete quenching of electric field catalysis. However, a qualitative treatment of the nonlinear response (i.e., dielectric saturation) shows that catalysis can be recovered at appreciable field strengths as solvent molecules begin to align with the applied field direction. The dynamical correction to the rate constant is seen to vary nonmonotonically with increasing solvent polarity due to contrasting effects of the screening ability and the longitudinal relaxation time of the solvent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sohang Kundu
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Timothy C Berkelbach
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
- Initiative for Computational Catalysis, Flatiron Institute, New York, New York 10010, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Song Z, Zhu C, Gong K, Wang R, Zhang J, Zhao S, Li Z, Zhang X, Xie J. Deciphering the Microdroplet Acceleration Factors of Aza-Michael Addition Reactions. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:10963-10972. [PMID: 38567839 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c02312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
Microdroplet chemistry is emerging as a great tool for accelerating reactions by several orders of magnitude. Several unique properties such as extreme pHs, interfacial electric fields (IEFs), and partial solvation have been reported to be responsible for the acceleration; however, which factor plays the key role remains elusive. Here, we performed quantum chemical calculations to explore the underlying mechanisms of an aza-Michael addition reaction between methylamine and acrylamide. We showed that the acceleration in methanol microdroplets results from the cumulative effects of several factors. The acidic surface of the microdroplet plays a dominating role, leading to a decrease of ∼9 kcal/mol in the activation barrier. We speculated that the dissociation of both methanol and trace water contributes to the surface acidity. An IEF of 0.1 V/Å can further decrease the barrier by ∼2 kcal/mol. Partial solvation has a negligible effect on lowering the activation barrier in microdroplets but can increase the collision frequency between reactants. With acidity revealed to be the major accelerating factor for methanol droplets, reactions on water microdroplets should have even higher rates because water is more acidic. Both theoretically and experimentally, we confirmed that water microdroplets significantly accelerate the aza-Michael reaction, achieving an acceleration factor that exceeds 107. This work elucidates the multifactorial influences on the microdroplet acceleration mechanism, and with such detailed mechanistic investigations, we anticipate that microdroplet chemistry will be an avenue rich in opportunities in the realm of green synthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhexuan Song
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Chenghui Zhu
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Centre, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Frontiers Science Centre for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Ke Gong
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Ruijing Wang
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Centre, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Frontiers Science Centre for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Jianze Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Centre, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Frontiers Science Centre for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Supin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zesheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xinxing Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Centre, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Frontiers Science Centre for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Jing Xie
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wu X, Hu Y, Zhang S, Xie J. Shapeshifting Nucleophiles HO -(NH 3) n React with Methyl Chloride. J Phys Chem A 2024; 128:2556-2564. [PMID: 38530765 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c07553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
The microsolvated anions HO-(NH3)n were found to induce new nucleophile NH2-(H2O)(NH3)n-1 via intramolecular proton transfer. Hence, the ion-molecule nucleophilic substitution (SN2) reaction between CH3Cl and these shapeshifting nucleophiles lead to both the HO- path and NH2- path, meaning that the respective attacking nucleophile is HO- or NH2-. The CCSD(T) level of calculation was performed to characterize the potential energy surfaces. Calculations indicate that the HO- species are lower in energy than the NH2- species, and the SN2 reaction barriers are lower for the HO- path than the NH2--path. Incremental solvation increases the barrier for both paths. Comparison between HO-(NH3)n and HOO-(NH3)n confirmed the existence of an α-effect under microsolvated conditions. Comparison between HO-(NH3)n and HO-(H2O)n indicated that the more polarized H2O stabilizes the nucleophiles more than NH3, and thus, the hydrated systems have higher SN2 reaction barriers. The aforementioned barrier changes can be explained by the differential stabilization of the nucleophile and HOMO levels upon solvation, thus affecting the HOMO-LUMO interaction between the nucleophile and substrate. For the same kind of nucleophilic attacking atom, O or N, the reaction barrier has a good linear correlation with the HOMO level of the nucleophiles. Hence, the HOMO level or the binding energy of microsolvated nucleophiles is a good indicator to evaluate the order of barrier heights. This work expands our understanding of the microsolvation effect on prototype SN2 reactions beyond the water solvent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Shaowen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jing Xie
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Carson MC, Liu CR, Kozlowski MC. Synthesis of Phenol-Pyridinium Salts Enabled by Tandem Electron Donor-Acceptor Complexation and Iridium Photocatalysis. J Org Chem 2024; 89:3419-3429. [PMID: 38365194 PMCID: PMC11197922 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we describe a dual photocatalytic system to synthesize phenol-pyridinium salts using visible light. Utilizing both electron donor-acceptor (EDA) complex and iridium(III) photocatalytic cycles, the C-N cross-coupling of unprotected phenols and pyridines proceeds in the presence of oxygen to furnish pyridinium salts. Photocatalytic generation of phenoxyl radical cations also enabled a nucleophilic aromatic substitution (SNAr) of a fluorophenol with an electron-poor pyridine. Spectroscopic experiments were conducted to probe the mechanism and reaction selectivity. The unique reactivity of these phenol-pyridinium salts were displayed in several derivatization reactions, providing rapid access to a diverse chemical space.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew C. Carson
- Department of Chemistry, Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Cindy R. Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Marisa C. Kozlowski
- Department of Chemistry, Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hajibabaei F, Movafagh SS, Salehzadeh S, Gable RW. Complexation of drug amifampridine with Cu(II), Zn(II) and Cd(II) ions, and its dimerization with the magic of Mn(II) salts. Potential anti-COVID-19 and anticancer activities. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:1066-1086. [PMID: 38099626 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt03281g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
The different behaviors of the drug amifampridine (AMP) against Mn(II), Cu(II), Zn(II) and Cd(II) metal ions, in the presence and absence of tris(2-aminoethyl)amine (tren) was studied. The results showed that AMP successfully coordinates with Cu(II), Zn(II) and Cd(II) metal ions, but interestingly it undergoes an unexpected dimerization through a C-H activation in the presence of different Mn(II) salts. A four-coordinate complex of zinc(II), [Zn(AMP)2Cl2] (1), a binuclear complex of cadmium(II), [Cd2(AMP)2Cl4] (2), three five-coordinate tren-based metal complexes, [Cu(tren)(AMP)](ClO4)2 (8), [Zn(tren)(AMP)]Cl2 (9) and [Cd(tren)(AMP)](ClO4)2 (10), three pyridinium salts, [AmpDimer]X (X = Cl-, NO3-, ClO4-; (3, 4 & 5)), and also two four-coordinate metal complexes with this pyridinium cation, [Zn(AmpDimer)Cl3] (6) and [Cd(AmpDimer)Cl3] (7), were synthesized. All new compounds were characterized by elemental analysis and IR spectroscopy, and by 1H- and 13C-NMR spectroscopy (for 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 9 & 10) and by X-ray crystal structure determinations (for 1, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8 & 10). Theoretical studies showed that the [M(tren)(AMP)]2+ cations act as pH-sensitive drug carriers of AMP and release it upon protonation. The molecular docking studies on the interaction of AMP and the above complexes/salts with DNA and the proteins of SARS-CoV-2 showed that the synthesized complexes/salts have greater anticancer and anti-covid-19 activities than AMP alone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Farshid Hajibabaei
- Faculty of Chemistry and Petroleum Sciences, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran.
| | | | - Sadegh Salehzadeh
- Faculty of Chemistry and Petroleum Sciences, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran.
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Song Z, Liang C, Gong K, Zhao S, Yuan X, Zhang X, Xie J. Harnessing the High Interfacial Electric Fields on Water Microdroplets to Accelerate Menshutkin Reactions. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:26003-26008. [PMID: 38011046 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c11650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Even though it is still an emerging field, the application of a high external electric field (EEF) as a green and efficient catalyst in synthetic chemistry has recently received significant attention for the ability to deliver remarkable control of reaction selectivity and acceleration of reaction rates. Here, we extend the application of the EEF to Menshutkin reactions by taking advantage of the spontaneous high electric field at the air-water interfaces of sprayed water microdroplets. Experimentally, a series of Menshutkin reactions were accelerated by 7 orders of magnitude. Theoretically, both density functional theory calculations and ab initio molecular dynamics simulations predict that the reaction barrier decreases significantly in the presence of oriented external electric fields, thereby supporting the notion that the electric fields in the water droplets are responsible for the catalysis. In addition, the ordered solvent and reactant molecules oriented by the electric field alleviate the steric effect of solvents and increase the successful collision rates, thus facilitating faster nucleophilic attack. The success of Menshutkin reactions in this study showcases the great potential of microdroplet chemistry for green synthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhexuan Song
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Chiyu Liang
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Centre, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Frontiers Science Centre for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Ke Gong
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Supin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xu Yuan
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Centre, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Frontiers Science Centre for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xinxing Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Centre, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Frontiers Science Centre for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jing Xie
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Schrage BR, Frkonja-Kuczin A, Zhang B, Hobbs MS, Chen WY, Boika A, Ziegler CJ. Pyridinium ferrocene sulfonate salts: Highly soluble materials for electrochemical applications. J Organomet Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2023.122695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
|
9
|
Grubel K, Rosenthal WS, Autrey T, Henson NJ, Koh K, Flowers S, Blake TA. An experimental, computational, and uncertainty analysis study of the rates of iodoalkane trapping by DABCO in solution phase organic media. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:6914-6926. [PMID: 36807434 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp05286e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
NMR spectroscopy was used to measure the rates of the first and second substitution reactions between iodoalkane (R = Me, 1-butyl) and DABCO in methanol, acetonitrile and DMSO. Most of the reactions were recorded at three different temperatures, which permitted calculation of the activation parameters from Eyring and Arrhenius plots. Additionally, the reaction rate and heat of reaction for 1-iodobutane + DABCO in acetonitrile and DMSO were also measured using calorimetry. To help interpret experimental results, ab initio calculations were performed on the reactant, product, and transition state entities to understand structures, reaction enthalpies and activation parameters. Markov chain Monte Carlo statistical sampling was used to determine a distribution of kinetic rates with respect to the uncertainties in measured concentrations and correlations between parameters imposed by a kinetics model. The reactions with 1-iodobutane are found to be slower in all cases compared to reactions under similar conditions for iodomethane. This is due to steric crowding around the reaction centre for the larger butyl group compared to methyl which results in a larger activation energy for the reaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Grubel
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Mail Stop K4-13, Richland, WA 99352, USA.
| | - W Steven Rosenthal
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Mail Stop K4-13, Richland, WA 99352, USA.
| | - Tom Autrey
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Mail Stop K4-13, Richland, WA 99352, USA.
| | - Neil J Henson
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Mail Stop K4-13, Richland, WA 99352, USA. .,Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Katherine Koh
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Mail Stop K4-13, Richland, WA 99352, USA.
| | - Sarah Flowers
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Mail Stop K4-13, Richland, WA 99352, USA. .,Boston Heart Diagnostics, 31 Gage St., Needham, MA 02492, USA
| | - Thomas A Blake
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Mail Stop K4-13, Richland, WA 99352, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Meuwly M. Atomistic Simulations for Reactions and Vibrational Spectroscopy in the Era of Machine Learning─ Quo Vadis?. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:2155-2167. [PMID: 35286087 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c00212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Atomistic simulations using accurate energy functions can provide molecular-level insight into functional motions of molecules in the gas and in the condensed phase. This Perspective delineates the present status of the field from the efforts of others and some of our own work and discusses open questions and future prospects. The combination of physics-based long-range representations using multipolar charge distributions and kernel representations for the bonded interactions is shown to provide realistic models for the exploration of the infrared spectroscopy of molecules in solution. For reactions, empirical models connecting dedicated energy functions for the reactant and product states allow statistically meaningful sampling of conformational space whereas machine-learned energy functions are superior in accuracy. The future combination of physics-based models with machine-learning techniques and integration into all-purpose molecular simulation software provides a unique opportunity to bring such dynamics simulations closer to reality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Markus Meuwly
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 80, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Abstract
The Menshutkin reaction is a methyl transfer reaction relevant in fields ranging from biochemistry to chemical synthesis. In the present work, the energetics and solvent distributions for NH3+MeCl and Pyr+MeBr reactions were investigated in explicit solvent (water, methanol, acetonitrile, benzene, cyclohexane) by means of reactive molecular dynamics simulations. For polar solvents (water, methanol, and acetonitrile) and benzene, strong to moderate catalytic effects for both reactions were found, whereas apolar and bulky cyclohexane interacts weakly with the solute and does not show pronounced barrier reduction. The calculated barrier heights for the Pyr+MeBr reaction in acetonitrile and cyclohexane are 23.2 and 28.1 kcal/mol compared with experimentally measured barriers of 22.5 and 27.6 kcal/mol, respectively. The solvent distributions change considerably between reactant and TS but comparatively little between TS and product conformations of the solute. As the system approaches the transition state, correlated solvent motions occur which destabilize the solvent-solvent interactions. This is required for the system to surmount the barrier. Finally, it is found that the average solvent-solvent interaction energies in the reactant, TS, and product state geometries are correlated with changes in the solvent structure around the solute.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haydar Taylan Turan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 80, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian Brickel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 80, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Markus Meuwly
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 80, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Bensberg M, Türtscher PL, Unsleber JP, Reiher M, Neugebauer J. Solvation Free Energies in Subsystem Density Functional Theory. J Chem Theory Comput 2022; 18:723-740. [PMID: 34985890 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.1c00864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
For many chemical processes the accurate description of solvent effects are vitally important. Here, we describe a hybrid ansatz for the explicit quantum mechanical description of solute-solvent and solvent-solvent interactions based on subsystem density functional theory and continuum solvation schemes. Since explicit solvent molecules may compromise the scalability of the model and transferability of the predicted solvent effect, we aim to retain both, for different solutes as well as for different solvents. The key for the transferability is the consistent subsystem decomposition of solute and solvent. The key for the scalability is the performance of subsystem DFT for increasing numbers of subsystems. We investigate molecular dynamics and stationary point sampling of solvent configurations and compare the resulting (Gibbs) free energies to experiment and theoretical methods. We can show that with our hybrid model reaction barriers and reaction energies are accurately reproduced compared to experimental data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Bensberg
- Theoretische Organische Chemie, Organisch-Chemisches Institut and Center for Multiscale Theory and Computation, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Paul L Türtscher
- ETH Zürich, Laboratorium für Physikalische Chemie, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Jan P Unsleber
- ETH Zürich, Laboratorium für Physikalische Chemie, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Markus Reiher
- ETH Zürich, Laboratorium für Physikalische Chemie, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Johannes Neugebauer
- Theoretische Organische Chemie, Organisch-Chemisches Institut and Center for Multiscale Theory and Computation, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149 Münster, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Alkorta I, Elguero J. The SN2 reaction and its relationship with the Walden inversion, the Finkelstein and Menshutkin reactions together with theoretical calculations for the Finkelstein reaction. Struct Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-021-01805-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThis communication gives an overview of the relationships between four reactions that although related were not always perceived as such: SN2, Walden, Finkelstein, and Menshutkin. Binary interactions (SN2 & Walden, SN2 & Menshutkin, SN2 & Finkelstein, Walden & Menshutkin, Walden & Finkelstein, Menshutkin & Finkelstein) were reported. Carbon, silicon, nitrogen, and phosphorus as central atoms and fluorides, chlorides, bromides, and iodides as lateral atoms were considered. Theoretical calculations provide Gibbs free energies that were analyzed with linear models to obtain the halide contributions. The M06-2x DFT computational method and the 6-311++G(d,p) basis set have been used for all atoms except for iodine where the effective core potential def2-TZVP basis set was used. Concerning the central atom pairs, carbon/silicon vs. nitrogen/phosphorus, we reported here for the first time that the effect of valence expansion was known for Si but not for P. Concerning the lateral halogen atoms, some empirical models including the interaction between F and I as entering and leaving groups explain the Gibbs free energies.
Collapse
|
14
|
Affiliation(s)
- Evan Komp
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Stéphanie Valleau
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Novel Quaternary Ammonium Derivatives of 4-Pyrrolidino Pyridine: Synthesis, Structural, Thermal, and Antibacterial Studies. CRYSTALS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst10050339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Six novel quaternary ammonium derivatives of 4-pyrrolidino pyridine were prepared and isolated via a facile one-pot synthesis and a simple purification procedure. The purity and the molecular structure of the 4-pyrrolidino pyridine derivatives were confirmed with 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy and powder X-ray diffraction techniques. The crystal structures of the compounds were characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction (SCXRD) and their thermal properties were studied by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) analyses. The antibacterial properties of the title compounds against five bacterial strains were evaluated using Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion susceptibility test. The compounds crystallize in the monoclinic or orthorhombic crystal systems (space groups: P21/c, P21/n, or P212121) and their crystal structures are stabilized by a combination of intra- and intermolecular halogen bonding interactions, short contacts and π-π interactions. Above interactions, they contribute to the thermal stability and lack of phase transition effects up to 350 °C. Two of the compounds possess antibacterial effect against E. coli or S. aureus bacterial strains—similar or better than the kanamycin reference.
Collapse
|
16
|
Tang W, Zhao J, Jiang P, Xu X, Zhao S, Tong Z. Solvent Effects on the Symmetric and Asymmetric S N2 Reactions in the Acetonitrile Solution: A Reaction Density Functional Theory Study. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:3114-3122. [PMID: 32208658 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c00607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Bimolecular nucleophilic substitution (SN2) reactions are of great importance in chemistry and biochemistry due to their capability of constructing functional groups. In this work, we investigate the solvent effect on the free energy profiles of symmetric and asymmetric SN2 reactions in the acetonitrile solution using the proposed reaction density functional theory (RxDFT) method. This multiscale method utilizes quantum density functional theory for calculating intrinsic reaction free energy coupled with classical density functional theory for addressing solvation contribution. We find that the presence of acetonitrile brings both the polarization effect and solvation effect on the reaction pathways. For the eight selected symmetric SN2 reactions, the predicated reaction pathways agree well with the results from the direct and thermodynamic cycle (TC) methods with the SMD-M062X solvation model. In addition, the polarization effect reduces the free energy barriers by about 6 kcal/mol, while the solvation effect increases the barriers by about 18 kcal/mol. For the four selected asymmetric SN2 reactions, the predicted reaction pathways agree well with the results from the Monte Carlo simulations and experiments. The polarization effect and the solvation effect mutually reduce the free energy barriers, and the solvation effect plays a dominant role.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weiqiang Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jihao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Peng Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.,Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering & Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430073, China
| | - Xiaofei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Shuangliang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Resource Processing and Process Intensification Technology and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Zhangfa Tong
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Resource Processing and Process Intensification Technology and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Pan X, Li P, Ho J, Pu J, Mei Y, Shao Y. Accelerated computation of free energy profile at ab initio quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical accuracy via a semi-empirical reference potential. II. Recalibrating semi-empirical parameters with force matching. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:20595-20605. [PMID: 31508625 PMCID: PMC6761017 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp02593f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
An efficient and accurate reference potential simulation protocol is proposed for producing ab initio quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical (AI-QM/MM) quality free energy profiles for chemical reactions in a solvent or macromolecular environment. This protocol involves three stages: (a) using force matching to recalibrate a semi-empirical quantum mechanical (SE-QM) Hamiltonian for the specific reaction under study; (b) employing the recalibrated SE-QM Hamiltonian (in combination with molecular mechanical force fields) as the reference potential to drive umbrella samplings along the reaction pathway; and (c) computing AI-QM/MM energy values for collected configurations from the sampling and performing weighted thermodynamic perturbation to acquire an AI-QM/MM corrected reaction free energy profile. For three model reactions (identity SN2 reaction, Menshutkin reaction, and glycine proton transfer reaction) in aqueous solution and one enzyme reaction (Claisen arrangement in chorismate mutase), our simulations using recalibrated PM3 SE-QM Hamiltonians well reproduced QM/MM free energy profiles at the B3LYP/6-31G* level of theory all within 1 kcal mol-1 with a 20 to 45 fold reduction in the computer time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoliang Pan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, 101 Stephenson Pkwy, Norman, OK 73019, USA.
| | - Pengfei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, School of Physics and Materials Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China.
| | - Junming Ho
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Jingzhi Pu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, 402 N Blackford St, LD326, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
| | - Ye Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, School of Physics and Materials Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China. and NYU-ECNU Center for Computational Chemistry at NYU Shanghai, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Yihan Shao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, 101 Stephenson Pkwy, Norman, OK 73019, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Alves I, Magalhães AL. BN-Doped Graphene and Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes for the Catalysis of S N2 Reactions: Insights from Density Functional Theory Modeling. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:8188-8199. [PMID: 31453699 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b05315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The inner space of carbon nanotubes has already been proven to provide a type of confinement, which can dramatically alter the energetics of chemical reactions when compared to the gas phase. Moreover, BN doping can be used to fine-tune electronic properties, which might influence the enthalpy and activation energy of chemical reactions that take place inside their inner space. The energy profile of the prototype Menshutkin SN2 reaction between ammonia and chloromethane has been analyzed in a variety of carbon-based materials at the DFT (density functional theory) level. Pristine zigzag (9,0) and (12,0) single-walled carbon nanotubes and graphene sheets have been doped with boron and nitrogen at different stoichiometries, namely, BN, BNC, BNC2, and BNC4, that resulted in remarkable variations of their catalytic effects. Graphene has revealed to be the support material, which depends less on doping in terms of enthalpy and energy barrier of the reaction. However, when graphene is rolled up into tubular forms, the influence of doping becomes increasingly stronger as the nanotube radius decreases. In the case of BNC4 doping of (9,0) nanotubes, the activation energy drops 10 kcal/mol when compared to the pristine case, and the reaction became even exothermic by more than 15 kcal/mol.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Inês Alves
- UCIBIO/Requimte, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica , Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto , Rua do Campo Alegre, s/n , 4169-007 Porto , Portugal
| | - Alexandre L Magalhães
- UCIBIO/Requimte, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica , Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto , Rua do Campo Alegre, s/n , 4169-007 Porto , Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Chen J, Shao Y, Ho J. Are Explicit Solvent Models More Accurate than Implicit Solvent Models? A Case Study on the Menschutkin Reaction. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:5580-5589. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b03995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junbo Chen
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Yihan Shao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
| | - Junming Ho
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Zheng P, Li C, Mou C, Pan D, Wu S, Xue W, Jin Z, Chi YR. Efficient Access to 2‐Pyrones via Carbene‐Catalyzed Oxidative [3+3] Reactions between Enals and Nitrogen Ylides. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201900153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pengcheng Zheng
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering Ministry of EducationGuizhou University Huaxi District Guiyang 550025
| | - Chengcheng Li
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering Ministry of EducationGuizhou University Huaxi District Guiyang 550025
| | - Chengli Mou
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Guizhou China
| | - Dingwu Pan
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering Ministry of EducationGuizhou University Huaxi District Guiyang 550025
| | - Shuquan Wu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering Ministry of EducationGuizhou University Huaxi District Guiyang 550025
| | - Wei Xue
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering Ministry of EducationGuizhou University Huaxi District Guiyang 550025
| | - Zhichao Jin
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering Ministry of EducationGuizhou University Huaxi District Guiyang 550025
| | - Yonggui Robin Chi
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering Ministry of EducationGuizhou University Huaxi District Guiyang 550025
- Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry School of Physical & Mathematical SciencesNanyang Technological University Singapore 637371 Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Hamlin TA, Swart M, Bickelhaupt FM. Nucleophilic Substitution (S N 2): Dependence on Nucleophile, Leaving Group, Central Atom, Substituents, and Solvent. Chemphyschem 2018; 19:1315-1330. [PMID: 29542853 PMCID: PMC6001448 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201701363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The reaction potential energy surface (PES), and thus the mechanism of bimolecular nucleophilic substitution (SN 2), depends profoundly on the nature of the nucleophile and leaving group, but also on the central, electrophilic atom, its substituents, as well as on the medium in which the reaction takes place. Here, we provide an overview of recent studies and demonstrate how changes in any one of the aforementioned factors affect the SN 2 mechanism. One of the most striking effects is the transition from a double-well to a single-well PES when the central atom is changed from a second-period (e. g. carbon) to a higher-period element (e.g, silicon, germanium). Variations in nucleophilicity, leaving group ability, and bulky substituents around a second-row element central atom can then be exploited to change the single-well PES back into a double-well. Reversely, these variations can also be used to produce a single-well PES for second-period elements, for example, a stable pentavalent carbon species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Trevor A. Hamlin
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry andAmsterdam Center for Multiscale Modeling (ACMM)Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamDe Boelelaan 10831081 HVAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Marcel Swart
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry andAmsterdam Center for Multiscale Modeling (ACMM)Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamDe Boelelaan 10831081 HVAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Institut de Química Computacional I Catàlisi and Department de QuímicaUniversitat de Girona17003GironaSpain
- ICREAPg. Lluís Companys 2308010BarcelonaSpain
| | - F. Matthias Bickelhaupt
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry andAmsterdam Center for Multiscale Modeling (ACMM)Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamDe Boelelaan 10831081 HVAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Institute of Molecules and Materials (IMM)Radboud UniversityHeyendaalseweg 1356525 AJNijmegenThe Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Wiberg KB, Bailey WF, Lambert KM, Stempel ZD. The Anomeric Effect: It’s Complicated. J Org Chem 2018; 83:5242-5255. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b00707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth B. Wiberg
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 275 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
| | - William F. Bailey
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, 55 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3060, United States
| | - Kyle M. Lambert
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, 55 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3060, United States
| | - Zachary D. Stempel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, 55 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3060, United States
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Sowmiah S, Esperança JMSS, Rebelo LPN, Afonso CAM. Pyridinium salts: from synthesis to reactivity and applications. Org Chem Front 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7qo00836h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This review highlights the pyridinium salts in terms of their natural occurrence, synthesis, reactivity, biological properties, and diverse applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Subbiah Sowmiah
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier
- Universidade Nova de Lisboa
- 2780-157 Oeiras
- Portugal
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa)
| | - José M. S. S. Esperança
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier
- Universidade Nova de Lisboa
- 2780-157 Oeiras
- Portugal
- LAQV-REQUIMTE
| | - Luís P. N. Rebelo
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier
- Universidade Nova de Lisboa
- 2780-157 Oeiras
- Portugal
- LAQV-REQUIMTE
| | - Carlos A. M. Afonso
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa)
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Universidade de Lisboa
- 1649-009 Lisboa
- Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Lahiri P, Wiberg KB, Vaccaro PH. Dispersive Optical Activity of (R)-Methylene Norbornene: Intrinsic Response and Solvation Effects. J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:8251-8266. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b08193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Lahiri
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O.
Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
| | - Kenneth B. Wiberg
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O.
Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
| | - Patrick H. Vaccaro
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O.
Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Kim CK, Shahzad N, Adhikary KK, Cho H. Mechanistic Study on the Aminolysis of Chlorophosphates in Solvent: Concerted or Stepwise? B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.11186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chan Kyung Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Center for Design and Applications of Molecular Catalysts, College of Natural Sciences; Inha University; Incheon 22212 Korea
| | - Nasir Shahzad
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Center for Design and Applications of Molecular Catalysts, College of Natural Sciences; Inha University; Incheon 22212 Korea
| | - Keshab Kumar Adhikary
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Center for Design and Applications of Molecular Catalysts, College of Natural Sciences; Inha University; Incheon 22212 Korea
| | - Hyeongjin Cho
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Center for Design and Applications of Molecular Catalysts, College of Natural Sciences; Inha University; Incheon 22212 Korea
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Joo M, Shin J, Kim J, You JB, Yoo Y, Kwak MJ, Oh MS, Im SG. One-Step Synthesis of Cross-Linked Ionic Polymer Thin Films in Vapor Phase and Its Application to an Oil/Water Separation Membrane. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:2329-2337. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b11349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Munkyu Joo
- Department of Chemical and
Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Jihye Shin
- Department of Chemical and
Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Jiyeon Kim
- Department of Chemical and
Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Jae Bem You
- Department of Chemical and
Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Youngmin Yoo
- Department of Chemical and
Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Moo Jin Kwak
- Department of Chemical and
Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Myung Seok Oh
- Department of Chemical and
Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Sung Gap Im
- Department of Chemical and
Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Struebing H, Obermeier S, Siougkrou E, Adjiman CS, Galindo A. A QM-CAMD approach to solvent design for optimal reaction rates. Chem Eng Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2016.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
28
|
Mu X, Jiang N, Liu C, Zhang D. New Insight into the Formation Mechanism of Imidazolium-Based Ionic Liquids from N-Alkyl Imidazoles and Halogenated Hydrocarbons: A Polar Microenvironment Induced and Autopromoted Process. J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:1133-1139. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.6b11610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xueli Mu
- Institute
of Theoretical Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Nan Jiang
- Dongguan Institute of Advanced Technology, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Chengbu Liu
- Institute
of Theoretical Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Dongju Zhang
- Institute
of Theoretical Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Giacinto P, Zerbetto F, Bottoni A, Calvaresi M. CNT-Confinement Effects on the Menshutkin SN2 Reaction: The Role of Nonbonded Interactions. J Chem Theory Comput 2016; 12:4082-92. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.6b00260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Giacinto
- Dipartimento di Chimica “G.
Ciamician”, Alma Mater Studiorum − Università di Bologna, via F. Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesco Zerbetto
- Dipartimento di Chimica “G.
Ciamician”, Alma Mater Studiorum − Università di Bologna, via F. Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Bottoni
- Dipartimento di Chimica “G.
Ciamician”, Alma Mater Studiorum − Università di Bologna, via F. Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Matteo Calvaresi
- Dipartimento di Chimica “G.
Ciamician”, Alma Mater Studiorum − Università di Bologna, via F. Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Haddon RC, Tian Z, Jiang DE. Comparative Reaction Diagrams for the SN2 Reaction Formulated According to the Leffler Analysis and the Hammond Postulate. J Org Chem 2016; 81:3648-53. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b00298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert C. Haddon
- Chemistry Department and
Chemical Engineering Department, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Ziqi Tian
- Chemistry Department and
Chemical Engineering Department, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - De-en Jiang
- Chemistry Department and
Chemical Engineering Department, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Bednarko J, Wielińska J, Sikora K, Liberek B, Nowacki A. Theoretical studies on the reaction of mono- and ditriflate derivatives of 1,4:3,6-dianhydro-D-mannitol with trimethylamine--Can a quaternary ammonium salt be a source of the methyl group? J Comput Aided Mol Des 2015; 30:13-26. [PMID: 26667239 DOI: 10.1007/s10822-015-9885-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
DFT studies on the mechanism of the formation of "gemini" quaternary ammonium salts in the reaction of 1,4:3,6-dianhydro-D-mannitol ditriflate derivative with trimethylamine and its subsequent conversion to tertiary amine through the methyl-transfer reaction are discussed. Two alternative reaction pathways are presented in the gas phase and in ethanol. Additionally, the transformation of the monotriflate derivative of 1,4:3,6-dianhydro-D-mannitol into the single quaternary ammonium salt is presented. Two functionals (B3LYP, M062X) and two basis sets (6-31+G** and 6-311++G**) were used for the calculations. The effect of the substituent attached to the five-membered rings at the C2 (and/or C5) carbon atom on the activation barrier is described. The trimethylammonium group bond to the five-membered ring greatly reduces the activation barrier height. The preferred reaction pathway for the conversions was established. Including the London dispersion in the calculations increases the stabilization of all the points on the potential energy surface in relation to individual reactants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Bednarko
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Justyna Wielińska
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Karol Sikora
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Beata Liberek
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Andrzej Nowacki
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Luo CZ, Jayakumar J, Gandeepan P, Wu YC, Cheng CH. Rhodium(III)-Catalyzed Vinylic C–H Activation: A Direct Route toward Pyridinium Salts. Org Lett 2015; 17:924-7. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b00028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Zong Luo
- Department
of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | | | | | - Yun-Ching Wu
- Department
of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Hong Cheng
- Department
of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Wielińska J, Liberek B, Nowacki A. DFT studies of the formation of furanoid derivatives of ammonium chlorides. J Mol Graph Model 2015; 56:74-83. [PMID: 25562663 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2014.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Revised: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
B3LYP/6-31+G** level computations were performed on the formation of ammonium salts during the reaction of (S)-1,4-anhydro-5-chloro-2,3,5-trideoxypentitol (1) (2S,5S)-2,5-anhydro-6-chloro-1,3,4,6-tetradeoxyhexitol (2) and methyl 5-chloro-2,3,5-trideoxy-β-D-pentofuranoside (3) with ammonia in order to describe the reaction pathway in detail. All the structures were fully optimized in the gas phase, in chloroform and water. In addition, the gas phase activation barrier heights were estimated at B3LYP/6-311++G**, MPWIK/6-31+G**, MPWIK/6-311++G** and MP2/6-311++G(2d,2p)//MPWIK/6-31+G** levels of theory. All the calculations in solvents were performed the using polarizable continuum model (PCM) and the B3LYP functional with the 6-31+G** basis set. A detailed description of all the stationary points is presented, and the conformational behavior of the five-membered ring is discussed in the gas phase and in the solvents. The conversion of the reactant complexes into ion pairs is accompanied by a strong energy decrease in the gas phase and in all the solvents. The overall process is strongly unfavorable in the gas phase, but takes place readily in high-polarity solvents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Wielińska
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, PL-80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Beata Liberek
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, PL-80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Andrzej Nowacki
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, PL-80-308 Gdańsk, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Spahlinger G, Jackson JE. Nucleofugality in oxygen and nitrogen derived pseudohalides in Menshutkin reactions: the importance of the intrinsic barrier. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:24559-69. [PMID: 25310284 DOI: 10.1039/c4cp03741c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In order to study the nucleofugality of polyatomic anionic leaving groups derived from oxygen and nitrogen, a contingent of 19 methylating agents consisting of amines or alcohols activated with carbonyl or sulfonyl substituents has been examined via ab initio calculations. We have calculated gas phase activation energies for alkylation of ammonia, and methyl cation affinities. We find that polyatomic anionic leaving groups derived from nitrogen will have higher activation energies for Menshutkin (SN2) alkylation even when they have similar methyl cation affinities. This inherent deficit in the nucleofugality of nitrogen-derived leaving groups appears to be a result of the way bond cleavage is synchronized with bond formation to the incoming ammonia nucleophile. The nitrogen leaving groups showed greater dissociation from the methyl fragment than oxygen leaving groups relative to the length of the forming carbon-nitrogen bond. Additionally the second sulfonyl group present in a sulfonimide appears to be less effective at activating nitrogen due to a preference for tetrahedral geometries at the departing nitrogen in the transition states involving leaving sulfonamide groups. Optimal delocalization of electron density is therefore frustrated due to the geometry of the leaving group.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Greg Spahlinger
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing MI, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Chang YY, Ho TL, Chung WS. Deformative transition of the Menschutkin reaction and helical atropisomers in a congested polyheterocyclic system. J Org Chem 2014; 79:9970-8. [PMID: 25279831 DOI: 10.1021/jo501815y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A 4,7-phenanthroline polycyclic 1A designed for probing the limits of the Menschutkin reaction was synthesized in a six-step sequence. The rotational barrier of the phenyl ring nearby the N-methyl group in rac-2A was estimated to be ≫ 18.1 kcal/mol from VT-NMR experiments, making them a new type of helical atropisomer. The methylation rate constants of 9 and 1A with MeI was found to be 2.22 × 10(-4) and 9.62 × 10(-6) s(-1) mol(-1) L, respectively; thus, the formation rate of (P/M)-2A is one of the slowest rates ever reported for a Menschutkin reaction. The N-methyl protons in (P/M)-2A exhibit a significant upfield shift (Δδ 1.0 ppm) in its (1)H NMR, compared to those without a nearby phenyl, indicating a strong CH-π interaction is involved. Conformational flexibility in dipyridylethene 9 is clearly shown by its complexation with BH3 to form helical atropisomers (P,P/M,M)-10. The pKa values of the conjugate acids of 1A and 9 in acetonitrile were determined to be 4.65 and 5.07, respectively, which are much smaller compared to that of pyridine 14a (pKa = 12.33), implying that the basicity, nucleophilicity, and amine alkylation rates of 1A and 9 are markedly decreased by the severe steric hindrance of the flanking phenyl rings in the polyheterocycles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Yu Chang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao-Tung University , Hsinchu 30050, Taiwan-ROC
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Nowacki A, Wielińska J, Walczak D, Sikora K, Dmochowska B, Liberek B. The conformational behavior, geometry and energy parameters of Menshutkin-like reaction of O-isopropylidene-protected glycofuranoid mesylates in view of DFT calculations. J Mol Graph Model 2014; 52:91-102. [PMID: 25023664 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2014.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The formation of pyridinium salts in the transformation of three O-isopropylidene-protected mesylates of furanoid sugar derivatives under pyridine action is considered at the B3LYP/6-31+G** computation level. All the structures were optimized in the gas phase, in chloroform and water. Activation barrier heights in the gas phase were also estimated at the B3LYP/6-311++G**, MPW1K/6-31+G** and MPW1K/6-311++G** levels. The conducted calculations, both in the gas phase (regardless of the computation level) and in solvents, revealed the barrier height increasing order as follows: 1>2>3 for the three reactions studied. The conformational behavior of the five-membered ring is discussed in the gas phase and in solvents. The fused dioxolane ring makes the furanoid ring less likely to undergo conformational changes. In the case of reaction 3, the furanoid ring shape does not change either in the gas phase or in solvents. All conformers are close to E0 or (0)E.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Nowacki
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, PL-80-308 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Justyna Wielińska
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, PL-80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Dominik Walczak
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, PL-80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Karol Sikora
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, PL-80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Barbara Dmochowska
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, PL-80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Beata Liberek
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, PL-80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Schmidt T, Schwede T, Meuwly M. Computational Analysis of Methyl Transfer Reactions in Dengue Virus Methyltransferase. J Phys Chem B 2014; 118:5882-90. [DOI: 10.1021/jp5028564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Schmidt
- SIB
Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Basel, Switzerland Biozentrum, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50/70, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Torsten Schwede
- SIB
Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Basel, Switzerland Biozentrum, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50/70, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Markus Meuwly
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 80, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Mullen RG, Shea JE, Peters B. Transmission Coefficients, Committors, and Solvent Coordinates in Ion-Pair Dissociation. J Chem Theory Comput 2014; 10:659-67. [DOI: 10.1021/ct4009798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Gotchy Mullen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, ‡Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, §Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106
| | - Joan-Emma Shea
- Department of Chemical Engineering, ‡Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, §Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106
| | - Baron Peters
- Department of Chemical Engineering, ‡Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, §Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Lahiri P, Wiberg KB, Vaccaro PH. Intrinsic Optical Activity and Conformational Flexibility: The Role of Size-Dependent Ring Morphology in Model Cycloketones. J Phys Chem A 2013; 117:12382-400. [DOI: 10.1021/jp4089194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Lahiri
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University P.O.
Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
| | - Kenneth B. Wiberg
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University P.O.
Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
| | - Patrick H. Vaccaro
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University P.O.
Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Computer-aided molecular design of solvents for accelerated reaction kinetics. Nat Chem 2013; 5:952-7. [DOI: 10.1038/nchem.1755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
41
|
DFT studies of conversion of methyl chloride and three substituted chloromethyl tetrahydrofuran derivatives during reaction with trimethylamine. J Mol Model 2013; 19:4403-17. [PMID: 23918221 PMCID: PMC3778228 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-013-1940-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2013] [Accepted: 07/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
B3LYP/6-31+G** level computations were performed for the formation of four trimethylammonium salts in the reaction of methyl chloride (1a), (S)-1,4-andydro-5-chloro-2,3,5-trideoxypentitol (2a), (2S,5S)-2,5-andydro-6-chloro-1,3,4,6-tetradeoxyhexitol (3a) and methyl 5-chloro-2,3,5-trideoxy-β-D-pentofuranoside (4a) with trimethylamine. All the structures were fully optimized in the gas phase, in chloroform and water. In addition, B3LYP/6-311++G** and MPW1K/6-31+G** level calculations were carried out to estimate activation barrier heights in the gas phase. A detailed description of all stationary points is presented, and the conformational behavior of the THF ring is discussed. B3LYP and MPW1K activation barriers indicate the reaction between methyl chloride and trimethylamine to be the fastest, whereas reaction 4 is the slowest one, both in the gas phase and in solvents. THF ring conformation changes were observed for reactions 2 and 3 along the reaction pathway, whereas it was almost unchanged for reaction 4, in the gas phase. In the case of reactions 2 and 3, different shapes of the THF ring were found for the transition state geometry in the gas phase and in water. The 5E→E4 and 3E→E5 conformational changes were observed for reactions 2 and 3, respectively. Reactions of the formation of quaternary ammonium salts ![]()
Collapse
|
42
|
Jiang L, Orimoto Y, Aoki Y. Substituent Effects on Menshutkin-Type Reactions in the Gas Phase and Solutions: Theoretical Approach from the Orbital Interaction View. J Chem Theory Comput 2013; 9:4035-45. [DOI: 10.1021/ct4006163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lizhi Jiang
- Department of Molecular
and Material Sciences, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering
Sciences, Kyushu University, Kasuga Fukuoka
816-8580, Japan
| | - Yuuichi Orimoto
- Department
of Material Sciences, Faculty of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, Kasuga Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
| | - Yuriko Aoki
- Department
of Material Sciences, Faculty of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, Kasuga Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
- Group, CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Kawaguchi Center
Building, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Li Y, Hartke B. Assessing Solvation Effects on Chemical Reactions with Globally Optimized Solvent Clusters. Chemphyschem 2013; 14:2678-86. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201300323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Christian‐Albrechts‐Universität, Olshausenstr. 40, 24098 Kiel (Germany)
| | - Bernd Hartke
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Christian‐Albrechts‐Universität, Olshausenstr. 40, 24098 Kiel (Germany)
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Nowacki A, Sikora K, Dmochowska B, Wiśniewski A. DFT studies of the conversion of four mesylate esters during reaction with ammonia. J Mol Model 2013; 19:3015-26. [PMID: 23571822 PMCID: PMC3713272 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-013-1835-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2013] [Accepted: 03/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The energetics of the Menshutkin-like reaction between four mesylate derivatives and ammonia have been computed using B3LYP functional with the 6-31+G** basis set. Additionally, MPW1K/6-31+G** level calculations were carried out to estimate activation barrier heights in the gas phase. Solvent effect corrections were computed using PCM/B3LYP/6-31+G** level. The conversion of the reactant complexes into ion pairs is accompanied by a strong energy decrease in the gas phase and in all solvents. The ion pairs are stabilized with two strong hydrogen bonds in the gas phase. The bifurcation at C2 causes a significant activation barrier increase. Also, bifurcation at C5 leads to noticeable barrier height differentiation. Both B3LYP/6-31+G** and MPW1K/6-31+G** activation barriers suggest the reaction 2 (2a + NH3) to be the fastest in the gas phase. The reaction 4 is the slowest one in all environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Nowacki
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Sobieskiego 18, 80-952 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Samuilov AY, Balabanova FB, Samuilov YD, Konovalov AI. Quantum-chemical study on reactions of isocyanates with linear methanol associates: VII. Effect of nonspecific solvation on the reaction of methyl isocyanate with linear methanol associates. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2013. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070428013010053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
46
|
Ren Q, Guan S, Jiang F, Fang J. Density Functional Theory Study of the Mechanisms of Iron-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling Reactions of Alkyl Grignard Reagents. J Phys Chem A 2013; 117:756-64. [DOI: 10.1021/jp3045498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qinghua Ren
- Department
of Chemistry, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda
Road, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Shuhui Guan
- Department
of Chemistry, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda
Road, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Feng Jiang
- Department
of Chemistry, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda
Road, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Jianhui Fang
- Department
of Chemistry, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda
Road, Shanghai 200444, China
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Nowacki A, Sikora K, Dmochowska B, Wiśniewski A. Studies of the formation of N-substituted pyridinium mesylates: A theoretical approach. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2012.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
48
|
Matić M, Denegri B, Kronja O. Method for Estimating SN1 Rate Constants: Solvolytic Reactivity of Benzoates. J Org Chem 2012; 77:8986-98. [DOI: 10.1021/jo3013308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mirela Matić
- University of Zagreb, Faculty
of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, A. Kovačića 1, 10000 Zagreb,
Croatia
| | - Bernard Denegri
- University of Zagreb, Faculty
of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, A. Kovačića 1, 10000 Zagreb,
Croatia
| | - Olga Kronja
- University of Zagreb, Faculty
of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, A. Kovačića 1, 10000 Zagreb,
Croatia
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Kim CK, Han IS, Sohn CK, Yu YH, Su Z, Kim CK. Comparative Studies on the Reactions of Carbamyl and Thiocarbamyl Halides with NH3in the Gas Phase and in Aqueous Solution: A Theoretical Study. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2012. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2012.33.6.1955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
50
|
Lee CW, Chung JD. Characteristics and Ring-Opening Isomerization Polymerization of 2-(1,3,3-Trimethyl-6-azabicyclo[3,2,1]-oct-6-yl)-4,5-dihydro-1,3-oxazoline (TAO). POLYMER-KOREA 2012. [DOI: 10.7317/pk.2012.36.3.262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
|