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Uhlmann C, Münzfeld L, Hauser A, Ruan TT, Kumar Kuppusamy S, Jin C, Ruben M, Fink K, Moreno-Pineda E, Roesky PW. Unique Double and Triple Decker Arrangements of Rare-Earth 9,10-Diborataanthracene Complexes Featuring Single-Molecule Magnet Characteristics. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202401372. [PMID: 38390783 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202401372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we present the first report on the synthesis of rare-earth complexes featuring a 9,10-diborataanthracene ligand. This 14-π-electron ligand is highly reductive and was previously used in small-molecule activation. Salt elimination reactions between dipotassium 9,10-diethyl-9,10-diborataanthracene [K2(DEDBA)] and [LnIII(η8-CotTIPS)(BH4)(thf)x] (CotTIPS=1,4-(iPr3Si)2C8H6) in a 1 : 1 ratio yielded heteroleptic sandwich complexes [K(η8-CotTIPS)LnIII(η6-DEDBA)] (Ln=Y, Dy, Er). These compounds form Lewis-base-free one-dimensional coordination polymers when crystallised from toluene. In contrast, reaction of [K2(DEDBA)] and [LnIII(η8-CotTIPS)(BH4)(thf)x] in a 1 : 2 ratio led to the formation of heteroleptic triple-decker complexes [(η8-CotTIPS)LnIII(μ-η6:η6-DEDBA)LnIII(η8-CotTIPS)] (Ln=Y, Dy, Er). Notably, these are not only the first lanthanide triple-decker compounds featuring a six-membered ring as a deck but also the first trivalent lanthanide triple-decker featuring a heterocycle in the coordination sphere. Magnetic investigations reveal that [K(η8-CotTIPS)LnIII(η6-DEDBA)] (Ln=Dy, Er) and [(η8-CotTIPS)ErIII(μ-η6:η6-DEDBA)ErIII(η8-CotTIPS)] exhibit Single-Molecule Magnet (SMM) behaviour. In the case of [(η8-CotTIPS)LnIII(μ-η6:η6-DEDBA)LnIII(η8-CotTIPS)] (Ln=Dy, Er), the introduction of a second near lanthanide ion results in strong antiferromagnetic interactions, allowing the enhancement of the magnetic characteristic of the system, compared to the quasi isolated counterpart. This research renews the overlooked coordination chemistry of the DBA ligand and expands it to encompass rare-earth elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cedric Uhlmann
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstraße 15, 76131, Karlsruhe
| | - Luca Münzfeld
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstraße 15, 76131, Karlsruhe
| | - Adrian Hauser
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstraße 15, 76131, Karlsruhe
| | - Ting-Ting Ruan
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Kaiserstraße 12, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Senthil Kumar Kuppusamy
- Institute of Quantum Materials and Technologies (IQMT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Chengyu Jin
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Kaiserstraße 12, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Mario Ruben
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Kaiserstraße 12, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Quantum Materials and Technologies (IQMT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Centre Européen de Science Quantique (CESQ), Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires (ISIS, UMR 7006), CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, 8 allée Gaspard Monge BP, 70028 67083, Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Karin Fink
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Kaiserstraße 12, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Eufemio Moreno-Pineda
- Universidad de Panamá, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Exactas y Tecnología, Depto. de Química-Física, Panamá, 0824, Panamá
- Universidad de Panamá, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Exactas y Tecnología, Grupo de Investigación de Materiales, Panamá, 0824, Panamá
| | - Peter W Roesky
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstraße 15, 76131, Karlsruhe
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Wang C, Xiang L, Leng X, Chen Y. Synthesis and Structure of Silicon-Bridged Boratabenzene Fluorenyl Rare-Earth Metal Complexes. Organometallics 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.6b00282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chunhong Wang
- State Key
Laboratory of Organometallic
Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Xiang
- State Key
Laboratory of Organometallic
Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuebing Leng
- State Key
Laboratory of Organometallic
Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yaofeng Chen
- State Key
Laboratory of Organometallic
Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, People’s Republic of China
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4
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Bélanger-Chabot G, Fontaine FG. Mono-boratabenzene and -phospholyl zirconocene(IV) derivatives: Towards mixed heterocycles zirconocene complexes. Polyhedron 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2015.07.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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5
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Meng YS, Wang CH, Zhang YQ, Leng XB, Wang BW, Chen YF, Gao S. (Boratabenzene)(cyclooctatetraenyl) lanthanide complexes: a new type of organometallic single-ion magnet. Inorg Chem Front 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6qi00028b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
(Boratabenzene)(cyclooctatetraenyl) lanthanide complexes were synthesized, and the erbium ones showed single-ion magnet behaviours. One complex exhibited hysteresis up to 8 K, and another one featured energy barrier of 300 cm−1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Shan Meng
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Science
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Peking University
- Beijing 100871
| | - Chun-Hong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200032
- P. R. China
| | - Yi-Quan Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for NSLSCS
- School of Physical Science and Technology
- Nanjing Normal University
- Nanjing 210023
- P. R. China
| | - Xue-Bing Leng
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200032
- P. R. China
| | - Bing-Wu Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Science
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Peking University
- Beijing 100871
| | - Yao-Feng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200032
- P. R. China
| | - Song Gao
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Science
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Peking University
- Beijing 100871
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6
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Perez V, Audet P, Bi W, Fontaine FG. Phosphidoboratabenzene-rhodium(i) complexes as precatalysts for the hydrogenation of alkenes at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. Dalton Trans 2015; 45:2130-7. [PMID: 26530277 DOI: 10.1039/c5dt03109e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The di-tert-butylphosphido-boratabenzene ligand (DTBB) reacts with [(C2H4)2RhCl]2 yielding the dimeric species [(C2H4)Rh(DTBB)]2 (1). This species was fully characterized by multinuclear NMR and X-ray crystallography. Complex 1 readily dissociates ethylene in solution and upon exposure to 1 atm of H2 is capable of carrying out the hydrogenation of ethylene. The characterization of two Rh-H species by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy is provided. The reactivity of 1 towards the catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes and alkynes at room temperature and 1 atm of H2 is reported and compared to the activity of Wilkinson's catalyst under the same reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viridiana Perez
- Département de Chimie, Centre de Catalyse et Chimie Verte (C3V), Université Laval, 1045 Avenue de la Médecine, Cité Universitaire, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
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7
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Wang C, Leng X, Chen Y. Tris(boratabenzene) Lanthanum Complexes: Synthesis, Structure, and Reactivity. Organometallics 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.5b00262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chunhong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic
Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Xuebing Leng
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic
Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Yaofeng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic
Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
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8
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Wang X, Leng X, Chen Y. Mono(boratabenzene) rare-earth metal dialkyl complexes: synthesis, structure and catalytic behaviors for styrene polymerization. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:5771-6. [PMID: 25714489 DOI: 10.1039/c4dt04043k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Four mono(boratabenzene) rare-earth metal dialkyl complexes, [(3,5-Me2-C5H3BR)Ln(CH2SiMe3)2(THF)] (1: R = NEt2, Ln = Sc; 2: R = NEt2, Ln = Lu; 3: R = Ph, Ln = Sc; 4: R = Ph, Ln = Lu), were synthesized efficiently via a one-pot strategy with Li[3,5-Me2-C5H3BR] (R = NEt2, Ph), LnCl3(THF)x (Ln = Sc, x = 3; Ln = Lu, x = 0), and LiCH2SiMe3. The solid-state structures of 1 and 2 were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Variable-temperature NMR studies indicated that the energy barrier for the rotation of aminoboratabenzene in 1 (ΔG‡ ≈ 71 kJ mol−1) is higher than that of phenylboratabenzene in 3 (ΔG‡ ≈ 59 kJ mol−1). These mono(boratabenzene) rare-earth metal dialkyl complexes’ catalytic behaviors for styrene polymerization were investigated, and found that mono(boratabenzene) scandium dialkyl complexes show high catalytic activities for syndiotactic polymerization upon activation with cocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiufang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China.
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9
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Nakamura T, Suzuki K, Yamashita M. Aluminabenzene–Zirconium Complexes: Intramolecular Coordination of Chloride to Aluminum. Organometallics 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.5b00073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Taichi Nakamura
- Department of Applied Chemistry,
Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, 1-13-27 Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8551, Japan
| | - Katsunori Suzuki
- Department of Applied Chemistry,
Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, 1-13-27 Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8551, Japan
| | - Makoto Yamashita
- Department of Applied Chemistry,
Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, 1-13-27 Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8551, Japan
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10
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Rare Earth Arene-Bridged Complexes Obtained by Reduction of Organometallic Precursors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-63256-2.00266-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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11
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Wang X, Peng W, Cui P, Leng X, Xia W, Chen Y. Synthesis and Catalytic Activity of Amido-Boratabenzene Complexes of Rare-Earth Metals and Zirconium and Chromium. Organometallics 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/om400893c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiufang Wang
- State
Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weijie Peng
- State
Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, People’s Republic of China
| | - Peng Cui
- State
Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuebing Leng
- State
Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Xia
- State
Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yaofeng Chen
- State
Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, People’s Republic of China
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12
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Glöckner A, Cui P, Chen Y, Daniliuc CG, Jones PG, Tamm M. Boratatrozircenes: cycloheptatrienyl zirconium boratabenzene sandwich complexes – evaluation of potential η6–η5 hapticity interconversions. NEW J CHEM 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2nj40059f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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13
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Yuan Y, Wang X, Li Y, Fan L, Xu X, Chen Y, Li G, Xia W. Rapid Entry to Functionalized Boratabenzene Complexes through Metal-Induced Hydroboration at the Anionic 1-H-Boratabenzene Ligand. Organometallics 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/om200396k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 354 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiufang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 354 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxue Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 354 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Liyan Fan
- Department of Chemistry, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 354 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaofeng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 354 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 354 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 354 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
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14
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Cui P, Chen Y, Li G, Xia W. Versatile Reactivities of ansa-Heteroborabenzene Divalent Ytterbium Amide toward Alkali-Metal Salts and the Generation of Heterometallic Ytterbium−Alkali-Metal Boratabenzene Complexes. Organometallics 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/om200040z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yaofeng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guangyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, People’s Republic of China
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15
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16
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Cui P, Chen Y, Zhang Q, Li G, Xia W. Synthesis, and structural characterization of solvent-free divalent ytterbium bis(boratabenzene) and (cyclopentadienyl)(boratabenzene) complexes. J Organomet Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2010.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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17
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Zimmermann M, Anwander R. Homoleptic Rare-Earth Metal Complexes Containing Ln−C σ-Bonds. Chem Rev 2010; 110:6194-259. [DOI: 10.1021/cr1001194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 232] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Zimmermann
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Allégaten 41, 5007 Bergen, Norway, and Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Reiner Anwander
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Allégaten 41, 5007 Bergen, Norway, and Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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18
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Yuan Y, Chen Y, Li G, Xia W. Synthesis and Structural Features of Boratabenzene Rare-Earth Metal Alkyl Complexes. Organometallics 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/om1005116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaofeng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
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19
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Cui P, Chen Y, Li G, Xia W. An ansa-Heteroborabenzene Divalent Lanthanide Amide through CH Bond Cleavage. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200803581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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20
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Cui P, Chen Y, Li G, Xia W. An ansa-Heteroborabenzene Divalent Lanthanide Amide through CH Bond Cleavage. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008; 47:9944-7. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200803581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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21
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Yuan Y, Chen Y, Li G, Xia W. Reactions of Boratabenzene Yttrium Complexes with KN(SiMe3)2: Salt Elimination and π-Ligand Displacement. Organometallics 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/om800770a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 354 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaofeng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 354 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 354 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 354 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
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22
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Cui P, Chen Y, Wang G, Li G, Xia W. Divalent Ytterbium Boratabenzene Complex (C5H5BNPh2)2Yb(THF)2: Synthesis, Structure, and Solvent-Mediated Redox Transformation. Organometallics 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/om800245u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, 354 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China, and Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaofeng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, 354 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China, and Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, 354 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China, and Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, 354 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China, and Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, 354 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China, and Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China
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23
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Conroy KD, Piers WE, Parvez M. Synthesis and thermal behavior of dimethyl scandium complexes featuring anilido-phosphinimine ancillary ligands. J Organomet Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2007.08.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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24
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Cui P, Chen Y, Zeng X, Sun J, Li G, Xia W. Boratabenzene Derivatives of Divalent Samarium: Syntheses, Structures and Catalytic Reactivities of (C5H5BXPh2)2Sm(THF)2 (X = N, P). Organometallics 2007. [DOI: 10.1021/om700878a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, 354 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaofeng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, 354 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohua Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, 354 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, 354 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, 354 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, 354 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
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25
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter M. Zeimentz
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Jun Okuda
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
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Zeimentz PM, Spaniol TP, Okuda J. Neutral and cationic rare-earth metal alkyl complexes that contain bis(2-methoxyethyl)(trimethylsilyl)amine, a neutral [ONO]-type ligand. Inorganica Chim Acta 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2006.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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27
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Dietrich HM, Meermann C, Törnroos KW, Anwander R. Sounding out the Reactivity of Trimethylyttrium. Organometallics 2006. [DOI: 10.1021/om060488y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H. Martin Dietrich
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Allégaten 41, N-5007, Bergen, Norway
| | - Christian Meermann
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Allégaten 41, N-5007, Bergen, Norway
| | - Karl W. Törnroos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Allégaten 41, N-5007, Bergen, Norway
| | - Reiner Anwander
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Allégaten 41, N-5007, Bergen, Norway
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia-Christina Wasilke
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Polymers and Organic Solids, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
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29
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Sadimenko AP. Organometallic Complexes of B-, Si- (Ge-), and P- (As-, Sb-) Analogues of Pyridine. ADVANCES IN HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2725(05)89003-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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30
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Tobisch S, Ziegler T. Catalytic Oligomerization of Ethylene to Higher Linear α-Olefins Promoted by Cationic Group 4 Cyclopentadienyl-Arene Active Catalysts: Toward the Computational Design of Zirconium- and Hafnium-Based Ethylene Trimerization Catalysts. Organometallics 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/om049362w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sven Tobisch
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie der Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Fachbereich Chemie, Kurt-Mothes-Strasse 2, D-06120 Halle, Germany, and Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, University Drive 2500, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4
| | - Tom Ziegler
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie der Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Fachbereich Chemie, Kurt-Mothes-Strasse 2, D-06120 Halle, Germany, and Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, University Drive 2500, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4
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31
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Ogo S, Uehara K, Abura T, Watanabe Y, Fukuzumi S. Aqueous Polymerization of Styrene Promoted by Water-Soluble Robust Ruthenium Hydride Complexes. Organometallics 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/om034335b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seiji Ogo
- Department of Material and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, PRESTO & CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan, and Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Keiji Uehara
- Department of Material and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, PRESTO & CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan, and Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Abura
- Department of Material and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, PRESTO & CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan, and Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Yoshihito Watanabe
- Department of Material and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, PRESTO & CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan, and Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Shunichi Fukuzumi
- Department of Material and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, PRESTO & CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan, and Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
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32
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Thomas CM, Peters JC. Coordinating Anions: (Phosphino)tetraphenylborate Ligands as New Reagents for Synthesis. Inorg Chem 2003; 43:8-10. [PMID: 14704047 DOI: 10.1021/ic0350234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Anionic, electron-releasing phosphines that incorporate a borate counteranion within the ligand framework are promising reagents for organometallic catalysis. This report describes the synthesis of a new class of monodentate tertiary phosphines built upon the commonly employed tetraphenylborate anion. These new phosphines are highly stable and strongly electron-releasing and readily coordinate transition metals. Moreover, they are promising reagents for catalysis, as demonstrated by their ability to promote the Suzuki cross-coupling of aryl chloride substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine M Thomas
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Arnold and Mabel Beckman Laboratories of Chemical Synthesis, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena California 91125, USA
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33
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Non-cyclopentadienyl ancillaries in organogroup 3 metal chemistry: a fine balance in ligand design. Coord Chem Rev 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0010-8545(02)00016-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 384] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Emslie DJH, Piers WE, Parvez M, McDonald R. Organometallic Complexes of Scandium and Yttrium Supported by a Bulky Salicylaldimine Ligand. Organometallics 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/om020382c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David J. H. Emslie
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive, NW, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4, and X-ray Structure Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G2
| | - Warren E. Piers
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive, NW, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4, and X-ray Structure Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G2
| | - Masood Parvez
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive, NW, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4, and X-ray Structure Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G2
| | - Robert McDonald
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive, NW, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4, and X-ray Structure Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G2
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35
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Bochkarev MN. Synthesis, arrangement, and reactivity of arene-lanthanide compounds. Chem Rev 2002; 102:2089-118. [PMID: 12059262 DOI: 10.1021/cr010329i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail N Bochkarev
- G. A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 49 Tropinin Street, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia
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36
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Rabe GW, Bérubé CD, Yap GPA, Lam KC, Concolino TE, Rheingold AL. Synthesis and structural characterization of 2,6-dimesitylphenyl complexes of scandium, ytterbium, and yttrium. Inorg Chem 2002; 41:1446-53. [PMID: 11896713 DOI: 10.1021/ic0109492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The molecular structures of a number of 2,6-dimesitylphenyl-based (2,6-dimesitylphenyl = Dmp) complexes of the group 3 elements scandium and yttrium as well as of the lanthanide element ytterbium are reported. Reaction of 1 equiv of DmpLi with 1 equiv of MCl(3) (M = Sc, Yb, Y) in tetrahydrofuran at room temperature followed by crystallization from toluene/hexanes at -30 degrees C produces DmpMCl(2)(THF)(2) (M = Sc: 1; M = Yb: 2) and DmpMCl(2)(THF)(3) (M = Y: 3), respectively. The one-pot reaction of DmpLi with 1 equiv of YbCl(3) in tetrahydrofuran at room temperature followed by addition of 1 equiv of KO(t)Bu produces the heterobimetallic monoalkoxide complex DmpYb(THF)(O(t)Bu)(mu-Cl)(2)Li(THF)(2) (4), which was crystallized from toluene/tetrahydrofuran (20:1) at -30 degrees C. Crystal data for 1: monoclinic, P2(1)/n; T = 203 K; a = 10.178(3) A; b = 15.468(3) A; c = 20.132(5) A; beta = 101.85(3) degrees; V = 3102.0(17) A(3); Z' = 4; D(calcd) = 1.228 g cm(-3); R(1) = 5.89%. Crystal data for 2: monoclinic, P2(1)/n; T = 173 K; a = 10.2447(7) A; b = 15.5683(12) A; c = 20.0979(14) A; beta = 101.749(4) degrees; V = 3238.3(5) A(3); Z' = 4; D(calcd) = 1.485 g cm(-3); R(1) = 4.32%. Crystal data for 3: monoclinic, P2(1)/n; T = 203 K; a = 15.950(3) A; b = 11.865(2) A; c = 18.254(3) A; beta = 92.323(3) degrees; V = 3451.9(10) A(3); Z' = 4; D(calcd) = 1.327 g cm(-)(3); R(1) = 4.43%. Crystal data for 4: triclinic, P1; T = 193 K; a = 10.2252(2) A; b = 11.3497(2) A; c = 18.5814(2) A; alpha = 98.7353(6) degrees; beta = 102.8964(6) degrees; gamma = 94.8058(5) degrees; V = 2062.09(5) A(3); Z' = 2; D(calcd) = 1.375 g cm(-3); R(1) = 4.56%. The molecular structures of 1-3 feature monomeric complexes with distorted trigonal-bipyramidal (1 and 2) or octahedral (3) coordination geometry about the metal atom, with the two chlorine atoms occupying the axial positions. 4 represents the first example of an alkoxide derivative of a terphenyl lanthanide complex. The molecular structure of the ate complex 4 exhibits a heavily distorted trigonal-bipyramidal coordination polyhedron about the ytterbium atom, with one of the mu-chlorine atoms and the oxygen atom of the tetrahydrofuran ligand representing the axial positions of the trigonal-bipyramidal arrangement. A terminal alkoxide ligand is another main feature of the molecular structure of complex 4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerd W Rabe
- Technische Universität München, Anorganisch-chemisches Institut, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85747 Garching, Germany.
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Ward BD, Dubberley SR, Maisse-François A, Gade LH, Mountford P. Scandium chloride, alkyl and phenyl complexes of diamido-donor ligands. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1039/b209382k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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38
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Herberich G, Baul T, Englert U. Complexes of the (Tetramethylcyclobutadiene)cobalt Fragment with Boratabenzene Ligands and an Unprecedented Formation of a Borabenzene Complex − Structures of (C4Me4)Co(3,5-Me2C5H3BSnMe3) with an Sn−B Bond and of the Dinuclear Complex [(C4Me4)Co(3,5-Me2C5H3B)]2O. Eur J Inorg Chem 2002. [DOI: 10.1002/1099-0682(20021)2002:1<43::aid-ejic43>3.0.co;2-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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40
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Zheng X, Wang B, Englert U, Herberich GE. Three conformational polymorphs of di-mu-chlorotetrakis(1-methylboratabenzene)diyttrium: synthesis, x-ray structures, quantum chemical calculations, and lattice energy minimizations. Inorg Chem 2001; 40:3117-23. [PMID: 11399181 DOI: 10.1021/ic0014641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of yttrium trichloride with lithium 1-methylboratabenzene (1/2) in toluene (110 degrees C, 3 days) afforded the donor-free dinuclear sandwich complex [(C(5)H(5)BMe)(2)Y(mu-Cl)](2) (1) in 85% yield as pale-yellow crystals. By means of single crystal and powder diffraction methods, three conformational polymorphs, alpha-1 [P2(1)/n (No. 14), monoclinic, a = 6.6124(8) A, b = 14.352(9) A, c = 14.120(1) A, beta = 95.57(1) degrees, V = 1333.7(9) A(3), Z = 2], beta-1 [P2(1)/a (No. 14), monoclinic, a = 8.542(2) A, b = 13.712(6) A, c = 11.76(1) A, beta = 102.60(4) degrees, V = 1344.5(13) A(3), Z = 2], and gamma-1 [Pbca (No. 61), orthorhombic, a = 20.091(5) A, b = 13.527(3) A, c = 9.976(2) A, V = 2711.2(11) A(3), Z = 4], were characterized in the solid state of 1. The molecules in the three phases vary remarkably in the rotational position of boratabenzene ligands with differences of 91.1, 133.1, and 24.9 degrees between each pair. DFT calculations at the B3LYP/LanL2DZ level reveal that the three molecular structures observed in the solid state correspond closely to three minima on the gas-phase potential energy surface. The beta conformation is 2.8 and 7.2 kJ/mol more stable than the alpha and gamma conformations, respectively. Lattice energy minimizations predict that the alpha-1 phase is about 5.5 and 18.7 kJ mol(-)(1) more stable than the beta-1 and gamma-1 modifications, in agreement with the packing coefficients and the molecular volumes of the three crystal structures. While the alpha-1 and beta-1 modifications have comparable total energies, the gamma-1 form is less stable. The total energy differences among the polymorphs are greater than generally expected.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Zheng
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Technische Hochschule Aachen, Prof.-Pirlet-Strasse 1, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
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41
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Rogers JS, Bu X, Bazan GC. Synthesis, Characterization, and Reactivity of Chromium Boratabenzene Complexes. Organometallics 2000. [DOI: 10.1021/om0003685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan S. Rogers
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106
| | - Xianhui Bu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106
| | - Guillermo C. Bazan
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106
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43
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44
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Herberich GE, Englert U, Fischer A, Ni J, Schmitz A. Borabenzene Derivatives. 29. Synthesis and Structural Diversity of Bis(boratabenzene)scandium Complexes. Structures of [ScCl(C5H5BMe)2]2, [ScCl(3,5-Me2C5H3BNMe2)2]2, and ScCl[3,5-Me2C5H3BN(SiMe3)2]21. Organometallics 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/om990548i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gerhard E. Herberich
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Technische Hochschule Aachen, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Ulli Englert
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Technische Hochschule Aachen, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Andreas Fischer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Technische Hochschule Aachen, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Jiahong Ni
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Technische Hochschule Aachen, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Andreas Schmitz
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Technische Hochschule Aachen, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
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