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Follana-Berná J, Farran R, Leibl W, Quaranta A, Sastre-Santos Á, Aukauloo A. Phthalocyanine as a Bioinspired Model for Chlorophyll f-Containing Photosystem II Drives Photosynthesis into the Far-Red Region. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:12284-12288. [PMID: 33600039 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202101051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The textbook explanation that P680 pigments are the red limit to drive oxygenic photosynthesis must be reconsidered by the recent discovery that chlorophyll f (Chlf)-containing Photosystem II (PSII) absorbing at 727 nm can drive water oxidation. Two different families of unsymmetrically substituted Zn phthalocyanines (Pc) absorbing in the 700-800 nm spectral window and containing a fused imidazole-phenyl substituent or a fused imidazole-hydroxyphenyl group have been synthetized and characterized as a bioinspired model of the Chlf/TyrosineZ /Histidine190 cofactors of PSII. Transient absorption studies in the presence of an electron acceptor and irradiating in the far-red region evidenced an intramolecular electron transfer process. Visible and FT-IR signatures indicate the formation of a hydrogen-bonded phenoxyl radical in ZnPc II-OH. This study sets the foundation for the utilization of a broader spectral window for multi-electronic catalytic processes with one of the most robust and efficient dyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Follana-Berná
- División de Química Orgánica, Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Avda. de la Universidad s/n, 03203, Elche, Spain
| | - Rajaa Farran
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institute for integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, UMR 9198, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Winfried Leibl
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institute for integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, UMR 9198, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Annamaria Quaranta
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institute for integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, UMR 9198, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Ángela Sastre-Santos
- División de Química Orgánica, Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Avda. de la Universidad s/n, 03203, Elche, Spain
| | - Ally Aukauloo
- Université Paris-Saclay, ICMMO, CNRS, UMR 8182, 91405, Orsay Cedex, France.,Université Paris-Saclay, Institute for integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, UMR 9198, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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2
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Follana‐Berná J, Farran R, Leibl W, Quaranta A, Sastre‐Santos Á, Aukauloo A. Phthalocyanine as a Bioinspired Model for Chlorophyll
f
‐Containing Photosystem II Drives Photosynthesis into the Far‐Red Region. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202101051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Follana‐Berná
- División de Química Orgánica, Instituto de Bioingeniería Universidad Miguel Hernández Avda. de la Universidad s/n 03203 Elche Spain
| | - Rajaa Farran
- Université Paris-Saclay Institute for integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA CNRS, UMR 9198 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette France
| | - Winfried Leibl
- Université Paris-Saclay Institute for integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA CNRS, UMR 9198 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette France
| | - Annamaria Quaranta
- Université Paris-Saclay Institute for integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA CNRS, UMR 9198 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette France
| | - Ángela Sastre‐Santos
- División de Química Orgánica, Instituto de Bioingeniería Universidad Miguel Hernández Avda. de la Universidad s/n 03203 Elche Spain
| | - Ally Aukauloo
- Université Paris-Saclay ICMMO CNRS, UMR 8182 91405 Orsay Cedex France
- Université Paris-Saclay Institute for integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA CNRS, UMR 9198 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette France
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4
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Chararalambidis G, Das S, Trapali A, Quaranta A, Orio M, Halime Z, Fertey P, Guillot R, Coutsolelos A, Leibl W, Aukauloo A, Sircoglou M. Water Molecules Gating a Photoinduced One-Electron Two-Protons Transfer in a Tyrosine/Histidine (Tyr/His) Model of Photosystem II. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201804498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Chararalambidis
- Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry; Chemistry Department; University of Crete; PO Box 2208 71003 Heraklion Crete Greece
| | - Shyamal Das
- Institut des Sciences du vivant Frédéric Joliot/Institut de Biologie Intégrative de la Cellule, UMR 9198; CEA; CNRS; Université Paris Sud; Université Paris-Saclay; 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette France
| | - Adelais Trapali
- Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry; Chemistry Department; University of Crete; PO Box 2208 71003 Heraklion Crete Greece
| | - Annamaria Quaranta
- Institut des Sciences du vivant Frédéric Joliot/Institut de Biologie Intégrative de la Cellule, UMR 9198; CEA; CNRS; Université Paris Sud; Université Paris-Saclay; 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette France
| | - Maylis Orio
- Aix Marseille Univ; iSm2; CNRS; Cent Marseille; 13397 Marseille France
| | - Zakaria Halime
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay, UMR 8182 CNRS; Université Paris Sud; Université Paris-Saclay; 91405 Orsay France
| | - Pierre Fertey
- Synchrotron SOLEIL; BP 48, L'Orme des Merisiers, Saint Aubin 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex France
| | - Régis Guillot
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay, UMR 8182 CNRS; Université Paris Sud; Université Paris-Saclay; 91405 Orsay France
| | - Athanassios Coutsolelos
- Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry; Chemistry Department; University of Crete; PO Box 2208 71003 Heraklion Crete Greece
| | - Winfried Leibl
- Institut des Sciences du vivant Frédéric Joliot/Institut de Biologie Intégrative de la Cellule, UMR 9198; CEA; CNRS; Université Paris Sud; Université Paris-Saclay; 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette France
| | - Ally Aukauloo
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay, UMR 8182 CNRS; Université Paris Sud; Université Paris-Saclay; 91405 Orsay France
- Institut des Sciences du vivant Frédéric Joliot/Institut de Biologie Intégrative de la Cellule, UMR 9198; CEA; CNRS; Université Paris Sud; Université Paris-Saclay; 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette France
| | - Marie Sircoglou
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay, UMR 8182 CNRS; Université Paris Sud; Université Paris-Saclay; 91405 Orsay France
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Chararalambidis G, Das S, Trapali A, Quaranta A, Orio M, Halime Z, Fertey P, Guillot R, Coutsolelos A, Leibl W, Aukauloo A, Sircoglou M. Water Molecules Gating a Photoinduced One-Electron Two-Protons Transfer in a Tyrosine/Histidine (Tyr/His) Model of Photosystem II. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:9013-9017. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201804498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Chararalambidis
- Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry; Chemistry Department; University of Crete; PO Box 2208 71003 Heraklion Crete Greece
| | - Shyamal Das
- Institut des Sciences du vivant Frédéric Joliot/Institut de Biologie Intégrative de la Cellule, UMR 9198; CEA; CNRS; Université Paris Sud; Université Paris-Saclay; 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette France
| | - Adelais Trapali
- Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry; Chemistry Department; University of Crete; PO Box 2208 71003 Heraklion Crete Greece
| | - Annamaria Quaranta
- Institut des Sciences du vivant Frédéric Joliot/Institut de Biologie Intégrative de la Cellule, UMR 9198; CEA; CNRS; Université Paris Sud; Université Paris-Saclay; 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette France
| | - Maylis Orio
- Aix Marseille Univ; iSm2; CNRS; Cent Marseille; 13397 Marseille France
| | - Zakaria Halime
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay, UMR 8182 CNRS; Université Paris Sud; Université Paris-Saclay; 91405 Orsay France
| | - Pierre Fertey
- Synchrotron SOLEIL; BP 48, L'Orme des Merisiers, Saint Aubin 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex France
| | - Régis Guillot
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay, UMR 8182 CNRS; Université Paris Sud; Université Paris-Saclay; 91405 Orsay France
| | - Athanassios Coutsolelos
- Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry; Chemistry Department; University of Crete; PO Box 2208 71003 Heraklion Crete Greece
| | - Winfried Leibl
- Institut des Sciences du vivant Frédéric Joliot/Institut de Biologie Intégrative de la Cellule, UMR 9198; CEA; CNRS; Université Paris Sud; Université Paris-Saclay; 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette France
| | - Ally Aukauloo
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay, UMR 8182 CNRS; Université Paris Sud; Université Paris-Saclay; 91405 Orsay France
- Institut des Sciences du vivant Frédéric Joliot/Institut de Biologie Intégrative de la Cellule, UMR 9198; CEA; CNRS; Université Paris Sud; Université Paris-Saclay; 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette France
| | - Marie Sircoglou
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay, UMR 8182 CNRS; Université Paris Sud; Université Paris-Saclay; 91405 Orsay France
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Light-driven electron transfer in a modular assembly of a ruthenium(II) polypyridine sensitiser and a manganese(II) terpyridine unit separated by a redox active linkage. DFT analysis. CR CHIM 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crci.2016.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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7
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Synthesis and Electron-Transfer Processes in a New Family of Ligands for Coupled Ru−Mn2Complexes. Chempluschem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201402006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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8
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Kärkäs MD, Johnston EV, Verho O, Åkermark B. Artificial photosynthesis: from nanosecond electron transfer to catalytic water oxidation. Acc Chem Res 2014; 47:100-11. [PMID: 23957573 DOI: 10.1021/ar400076j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Human society faces a fundamental challenge as energy consumption is projected to increase due to population and economic growth as fossil fuel resources decrease. Therefore the transition to alternative and sustainable energy sources is of the utmost importance. The conversion of solar energy into chemical energy, by splitting H2O to generate molecular O2 and H2, could contribute to solving the global energy problem. Developing such a system will require the combination of several complicated processes, such as light-harvesting, charge separation, electron transfer, H2O oxidation, and reduction of the generated protons. The primary processes of charge separation and catalysis, which occur in the natural photosynthetic machinery, provide us with an excellent blueprint for the design of such systems. This Account describes our efforts to construct supramolecular assemblies capable of carrying out photoinduced electron transfer and to develop artificial water oxidation catalysts (WOCs). Early work in our group focused on linking a ruthenium chromophore to a manganese-based oxidation catalyst. When we incorporated a tyrosine unit into these supramolecular assemblies, we could observe fast intramolecular electron transfer from the manganese centers, via the tyrosine moiety, to the photooxidized ruthenium center, which clearly resembles the processes occurring in the natural system. Although we demonstrated multi-electron transfer in our artificial systems, the bottleneck proved to be the stability of the WOCs. Researchers have developed a number of WOCs, but the majority can only catalyze H2O oxidation in the presence of strong oxidants such as Ce(IV), which is difficult to generate photochemically. By contrast, illumination of ruthenium(II) photosensitizers in the presence of a sacrificial acceptor generates [Ru(bpy)3](3+)-type oxidants. Their oxidation potentials are significantly lower than that of Ce(IV), but our group recently showed that incorporating negatively charged groups into the ligand backbone could decrease the oxidation potential of the catalysts and, at the same time, decrease the potential for H2O oxidation. This permitted us to develop both ruthenium- and manganese-based WOCs that can operate under neutral conditions, driven by the mild oxidant [Ru(bpy)3](3+). Many hurdles to the development of viable systems for the production of solar fuels remain. However, the combination of important features from the natural photosynthetic machinery and novel artificial components adds insights into the complicated catalytic processes that are involved in splitting H2O.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus D. Kärkäs
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eric V. Johnston
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Oscar Verho
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Björn Åkermark
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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9
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López AM, Natali M, Pizzolato E, Chiorboli C, Bonchio M, Sartorel A, Scandola F. A Co(ii)–Ru(ii) dyad relevant to light-driven water oxidation catalysis. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:12000-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp55369h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The covalent anchoring of a Co(ii) water oxidation catalyst to a Ru(ii) photosensitizer with potential application in artificial photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mirco Natali
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences
- University of Ferrara, and Centro Interuniversitario per la Conversione Chimica dell'Energia Solare (sez. Ferrara)
- 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Erica Pizzolato
- ITM-CNR and Department of Chemical Sciences
- University of Padova
- 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Claudio Chiorboli
- ISOF-CNR c/o Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences
- University of Ferrara
- 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Marcella Bonchio
- ITM-CNR and Department of Chemical Sciences
- University of Padova
- 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Andrea Sartorel
- ITM-CNR and Department of Chemical Sciences
- University of Padova
- 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Franco Scandola
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences
- University of Ferrara, and Centro Interuniversitario per la Conversione Chimica dell'Energia Solare (sez. Ferrara)
- 44121 Ferrara, Italy
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10
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Young KJ, Martini LA, Milot RL, III RCS, Batista VS, Schmuttenmaer CA, Crabtree RH, Brudvig GW. Light-driven water oxidation for solar fuels. Coord Chem Rev 2012; 256:2503-2520. [PMID: 25364029 PMCID: PMC4214930 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2012.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 238] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Light-driven water oxidation is an essential step for conversion of sunlight into storable chemical fuels. Fujishima and Honda reported the first example of photoelectrochemical water oxidation in 1972. In their system, TiO2 was irradiated with ultraviolet light, producing oxygen at the anode and hydrogen at a platinum cathode. Inspired by this system, more recent work has focused on functionalizing nanoporous TiO2 or other semiconductor surfaces with molecular adsorbates, including chromophores and catalysts that absorb visible light and generate electricity (i.e., dye-sensitized solar cells) or trigger water oxidation at low overpotentials (i.e., photocatalytic cells). The physics involved in harnessing multiple photochemical events for multielectron reactions, as required in the four-electron water oxidation process, has been the subject of much experimental and computational study. In spite of significant advances with regard to individual components, the development of highly efficient photocatalytic cells for solar water splitting remains an outstanding challenge. This article reviews recent progress in the field with emphasis on water-oxidation photoanodes inspired by the design of functionalized thin film semiconductors of typical dye-sensitized solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin J. Young
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, CT 06520-8107, USA
| | - Lauren A. Martini
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, CT 06520-8107, USA
| | - Rebecca L. Milot
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, CT 06520-8107, USA
| | | | - Victor S. Batista
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, CT 06520-8107, USA
| | | | - Robert H. Crabtree
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, CT 06520-8107, USA
| | - Gary W. Brudvig
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, CT 06520-8107, USA
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11
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Molecular devices featuring sequential photoinduced charge separations for the storage of multiple redox equivalents. Coord Chem Rev 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2010.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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12
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Affiliation(s)
- Jillian L. Dempsey
- Beckman Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125
| | - Jay R. Winkler
- Beckman Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125
| | - Harry B. Gray
- Beckman Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125
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13
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Guillon T, Boggio-Pasqua M, Alary F, Heully JL, Lebon E, Sutra P, Igau A. Theoretical Investigation on the Photophysical Properties of Model Ruthenium Complexes with Diazabutadiene Ligands [Ru(bpy)3−x(dab)x]2+ (x = 1−3). Inorg Chem 2010; 49:8862-72. [DOI: 10.1021/ic1009863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Guillon
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Quantiques, UMR 5626, IRSAMC, CNRS et Université de Toulouse, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Martial Boggio-Pasqua
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Quantiques, UMR 5626, IRSAMC, CNRS et Université de Toulouse, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Fabienne Alary
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Quantiques, UMR 5626, IRSAMC, CNRS et Université de Toulouse, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Louis Heully
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Quantiques, UMR 5626, IRSAMC, CNRS et Université de Toulouse, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Emilie Lebon
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination, UPR 8241, CNRS, 205 route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Pierre Sutra
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination, UPR 8241, CNRS, 205 route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Alain Igau
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination, UPR 8241, CNRS, 205 route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse, France
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Moore GF, Hambourger M, Kodis G, Michl W, Gust D, Moore TA, Moore AL. Effects of protonation state on a tyrosine-histidine bioinspired redox mediator. J Phys Chem B 2010; 114:14450-7. [PMID: 20476732 DOI: 10.1021/jp101592m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The conversion of tyrosine to the corresponding tyrosyl radical in photosystem II (PSII) is an example of proton-coupled electron transfer. Although the tyrosine moiety (Tyr(Z)) is known to function as a redox mediator between the photo-oxidized primary donor (P680(•+)) and the Mn-containing oxygen-evolving complex, the protonation states involved in the course of the reaction remain an active area of investigation. Herein, we report on the optical, structural, and electrochemical properties of tyrosine-histidine constructs, which model the function of their naturally occurring counterparts in PSII. Electrochemical studies show that the phenoxyl/phenol couple of the model is chemically reversible and thermodynamically capable of water oxidation. Studies under acidic and basic conditions provide clear evidence that an ionizable proton controls the electrochemical potential of the tyrosine-histidine mimic and that an exogenous base or acid can be used to generate a low-potential or high-potential mediator, respectively. The phenoxyl/phenoxide couple associated with the low-potential mediator is thermodynamically incapable of water oxidation, whereas the relay associated with the high-potential mediator is thermodynamically incapable of reducing an attached photoexcited porphyrin. These studies provide insight regarding the mechanistic role of the tyrosine-histidine complex in water oxidation and strategies for making use of hydrogen bonds to affect the coupling between proton and electron transfer in artificial photosynthetic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary F Moore
- Center for Bioenergy and Photosynthesis and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, USA
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15
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Sun S, Andersson S, Zhang R, Sun L. Unusual partner radical trimer formation in a host complex of cucurbit[8]uril, ruthenium(ii) tris-bipyridine linked phenol and methyl viologen. Chem Commun (Camb) 2010; 46:463-5. [DOI: 10.1039/b910575a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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16
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Synthesis, characterization and photophysics of bimetallic manganese(I) and ruthenium(II) complexes. Polyhedron 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2009.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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17
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Photophysics of ruthenium(II) complexes carrying amino acids in the ligand 2,2′-bipyridine and intramolecular electron transfer from methionine to photogenerated Ru(III). Inorganica Chim Acta 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2008.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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18
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Weare WW, Pushkar Y, Yachandra VK, Frei H. Visible Light-Induced Electron Transfer from Di-μ-oxo-Bridged Dinuclear Mn Complexes to Cr Centers in Silica Nanopores. J Am Chem Soc 2008; 130:11355-63. [DOI: 10.1021/ja801546a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Walter W. Weare
- Physical Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Yulia Pushkar
- Physical Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Vittal K. Yachandra
- Physical Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Heinz Frei
- Physical Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
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19
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Moore GF, Hambourger M, Gervaldo M, Poluektov OG, Rajh T, Gust D, Moore TA, Moore AL. A bioinspired construct that mimics the proton coupled electron transfer between P680*+ and the Tyr(Z)-His190 pair of photosystem II. J Am Chem Soc 2008; 130:10466-7. [PMID: 18642819 DOI: 10.1021/ja803015m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A bioinspired hybrid system, composed of colloidal TiO2 nanoparticles surface modified with a photochemically active mimic of the PSII chlorophyll-Tyr-His complex, undergoes photoinduced stepwise electron transfer coupled to proton motion at the phenolic site. Low temperature electron paramagnetic resonance studies reveal that injected electrons are localized on TiO2 nanoparticles following photoexcitation. At 80 K, 95% of the resulting holes are localized on the phenol moiety and 5% are localized on the porphyrin. At 4.2 K, 52% of the holes remain trapped on the porphyrin. The anisotropic coupling tensors of the phenoxyl radical are resolved in the photoinduced D-band EPR spectra and are in good agreement with previously reported g-tensors of tyrosine radicals in photosystem II. The observed temperature dependence of the charge shift is attributed to restricted nuclear motion at low temperature and is reminiscent of the observation of a trapped high-energy state in the natural system. Electrochemical studies show that the phenoxyl/phenol couple of the model system is chemically reversible and thermodynamically capable of water oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary F Moore
- Center for Bioenergy and Photosynthesis, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, USA
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20
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Karlsson S, Modin J, Becker HC, Hammarström L, Grennberg H. How Close Can You Get? Studies of Ultrafast Light-Induced Processes in Ruthenium-[60] Fullerene Dyads with Short Pyrazolino and Pyrrolidino Links. Inorg Chem 2008; 47:7286-94. [DOI: 10.1021/ic800168d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Karlsson
- Department of Biochemistry and Organic Chemistry, Uppsala University, Box 576, SE- 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden, and Department of Photochemistry and Molecular Science, Chemical Physics, Uppsala University, Box 523, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Judit Modin
- Department of Biochemistry and Organic Chemistry, Uppsala University, Box 576, SE- 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden, and Department of Photochemistry and Molecular Science, Chemical Physics, Uppsala University, Box 523, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hans-Christian Becker
- Department of Biochemistry and Organic Chemistry, Uppsala University, Box 576, SE- 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden, and Department of Photochemistry and Molecular Science, Chemical Physics, Uppsala University, Box 523, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Leif Hammarström
- Department of Biochemistry and Organic Chemistry, Uppsala University, Box 576, SE- 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden, and Department of Photochemistry and Molecular Science, Chemical Physics, Uppsala University, Box 523, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Helena Grennberg
- Department of Biochemistry and Organic Chemistry, Uppsala University, Box 576, SE- 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden, and Department of Photochemistry and Molecular Science, Chemical Physics, Uppsala University, Box 523, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
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3MLCT excited states in Ru(II) complexes: Reactivity and related two-photon absorption applications in the near-infrared spectral range. CR CHIM 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crci.2007.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Atmeh M, Russell NR, Keyes TE. Intramolecular photoinduced electron transfer in a ruthenium polypyridyl functionalised β-cyclodextrin capped with a hydroxo bridged Cu(II) dimer. Polyhedron 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2008.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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23
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Abstract
Energy is the most important issue of the 21st century. About 85% of our energy comes from fossil fuels, a finite resource unevenly distributed beneath the Earth's surface. Reserves of fossil fuels are progressively decreasing, and their continued use produces harmful effects such as pollution that threatens human health and greenhouse gases associated with global warming. Prompt global action to solve the energy crisis is therefore needed. To pursue such an action, we are urged to save energy and to use energy in more efficient ways, but we are also forced to find alternative energy sources, the most convenient of which is solar energy for several reasons. The sun continuously provides the Earth with a huge amount of energy, fairly distributed all over the world. Its enormous potential as a clean, abundant, and economical energy source, however, cannot be exploited unless it is converted into useful forms of energy. This Review starts with a brief description of the mechanism at the basis of the natural photosynthesis and, then, reports the results obtained so far in the field of photochemical conversion of solar energy. The "grand challenge" for chemists is to find a convenient means for artificial conversion of solar energy into fuels. If chemists succeed to create an artificial photosynthetic process, "... life and civilization will continue as long as the sun shines!", as the Italian scientist Giacomo Ciamician forecast almost one hundred years ago.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Balzani
- Dipartimento di Chimica "G. Ciamician", Università di Bologna, Via Selmi 2 40126 Bologna, Italy.
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Romain S, Leprêtre JC, Chauvin J, Deronzier A, Collomb MN. Di(μ-oxo) Binuclear Manganese(III,IV) Poly(bipyridyl) Complexes Bearing Four Ruthenium(II) Photoactive Units: Synthesis, Characterization, and Photoinduced Electron-Transfer Properties. Inorg Chem 2007; 46:2735-43. [PMID: 17295479 DOI: 10.1021/ic0624726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In order to model the photoinduced electron-transfer reactions from the manganese cluster to the photoactive P680 chlorophylls in photosystem II, three heterohexanuclear complexes, [Mn2III,IVO2[RuII(bpy)2(Ln)]4]11+ [bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine, n = 2 (1a), 4 (1b), 6 (1c)], in which one MnIII,IV(micro-O)2 center is covalently linked to four RuII(bpy)3-like moieties by bridged bis(bipyridine) Ln ligands, have been synthesized and characterized. The electrochemical, photophysical, and photochemical properties of these complexes have been investigated in CH3CN. The cyclic voltammograms and rotating-disk electrode curves of the three complexes show the presence of two very close successive reversible oxidation processes corresponding to the Mn2III,IV/Mn2IV,IV and RuII/RuIII redox couples (estimated E1/2 approximately 0.82 and 0.90 V, respectively). The lower potential of the Mn2III,IV subunit compared to those of the RuII moieties indicates that the RuIII species can act as an efficient oxidant toward the Mn2III,IV core. The two oxidized forms of the complexes [Mn2IV,IVO2[RuII(bpy)2(Ln)]4]12+ (2a-c) and [Mn2IV,IVO2[RuIII(bpy)2(Ln)]4]16+ (3a-c) obtained in good yields (>90% for 2a-c and >85% for 3a-c) by sequential electrolyses are very stable. Photophysical studies show that the 3MLCT excited state of the Ru(bpy)3 centers is moderately quenched by the Mn2III,IV(micro-O)2 core (15-25% depending on the length of the bridging alkyl chain). Nevertheless, this energy transfer can be easily short-circuited in the presence of an external irreversible electron acceptor like the (4-bromophenyl)diazonium cation, by an electron transfer leading, in a stepwise fashion, to the stable one- and five-electron-oxidized species 2a-c and 3a-c, respectively, also in good yields, under continuous irradiation of the solutions. Electro- and photoinduced oxidation experiments have been followed by UV-visible and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Romain
- Laboratoire d'Electrochimie Organique et de Photochimie Rédox, Université Joseph Fourier, UMR CNRS 5630, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Grenoble, FR CNRS 2607, BP 53, 38041 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
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Görner H, Khanra S, Weyhermüller T, Chaudhuri P. Photoinduced Intramolecular Proton Transfer of Phenol-Containing Ligands and Their Zinc Complexes. J Phys Chem A 2006; 110:2587-94. [PMID: 16494366 DOI: 10.1021/jp053662p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
N,N'-Bis(salicylidene)hydrazine (L(I)), a bis-2-hydroxybenzene-type ligand H2L, its tert-butyl derivative (L(II)), and the corresponding Zn2+ complexes of the type Zn2(LH)2L (Zn-I and Zn-II) were synthesized. The molecular structure of Zn-II was determined by X-ray crystallography at -170 degrees C. The photoreactions of the four compounds in solution were studied by time-resolved UV-vis spectroscopy using nanosecond laser pulses. A weak but strongly Stokes shifted fluorescence signal of the ligands L(I) or L(II) is suggested to be due to excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) from the phenolic hydroxy group to the nitrogen of the methine bond in analogy to the fast enol --> keto tautomerization of other 2-hydroxybenzenes. A transient with the maximum at 480 nm, bleaching at 370 nm, and a lifetime of 0.01-0.3 ms is attributed to the trans-keto tautomer, formed via internal conversion. The decay occurs via trans --> cis isomerization and proton back-transfer to the enol form. Quenching by water indicates a proton-catalyzed reaction. To account for similar fluorescence and transient properties in the cases of the Zn2+ complexes, a photoinduced tautomerism at one of the two free phenolic hydroxy groups is proposed. The rapid ESIPT followed by a relatively slow relaxation process is reversible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helmut Görner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Bioanorganische Chemie, D-45413 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany.
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Charlot MF, Pellegrin Y, Quaranta A, Leibl W, Aukauloo A. A Theoretical Investigation into the Photophysical Properties of Ruthenium Polypyridine-Type Complexes. Chemistry 2006; 12:796-812. [PMID: 16267865 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200500482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Excited states of ruthenium polypyridine-type complexes have always attracted the interest of chemists. We have recently found evidence of a remarkable long-lived excited state (30 micros) for a Ru(II) complex containing a heteroditopic ligand that can be viewed as a fused phenanthroline and salophen ligand.1 To unravel this intriguing electronic property, we have used density functional theory (DFT) calculations to understand the ground-state properties of [(bpy)(2)Ru(LH(2))](2+), where LH(2) represents N,N'-bis(salicylidene)-(1,10-phenanthroline)diamine. Excited singlet and triplet states have been examined by the time-dependent DFT (TDDFT) formalism and the theoretical findings have been compared with those for the parent complex [Ru(bpy)(3)](2+). The outstanding result is the presence of excited states lower in energy than the metal-to-ligand charge-transfer states, originating from intraligand charge transfer (ILCT) from the phenolic rings to the phenanthroline part of the coordinated LH(2). The spin density distribution for the lowest triplet state provides evidence that it is in fact the lowest triplet state of the free ligand. Correlation between the energy level diagram of orbitals for the ground state and that for the (3)ILCT state clearly establishes that the ruthenium retains its formal Ru(II) oxidation state. The quenching of the luminescence and the evidence of the long-lived excited state observed for [(bpy)(2)Ru(LH(2))](2+) are discussed in the light of the computational results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-France Charlot
- Laboratoire de Chimie Inorganique, UMR 8613, Université de Paris-Sud, Orsay, France.
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Lomoth R, Magnuson A, Sjödin M, Huang P, Styring S, Hammarström L. Mimicking the electron donor side of Photosystem II in artificial photosynthesis. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2006; 87:25-40. [PMID: 16416050 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-005-9005-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2005] [Accepted: 06/24/2005] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
This review focuses on our recent efforts in synthetic ruthenium-tyrosine-manganese chemistry mimicking the donor side reactions of Photosystem II. Tyrosine and tryptophan residues were linked to ruthenium photosensitizers, which resulted in model complexes for proton-coupled electron transfer from amino acids. A new mechanistic model was proposed and used to design complexes in which the mechanism could be switched between concerted and step-wise proton-coupled electron transfer. Moreover, a manganese dimer linked to a ruthenium complex could be oxidized in three successive steps, from Mn (2) (II,II) to Mn (2) (III,IV) by the photo-oxidized ruthenium sensitizer. This was possible thanks to a charge compensating ligand exchange in the manganese complex. Detailed studies of the ligand exchange suggested that at high water concentrations, each oxidation step is coupled to a proton-release of water-derived ligands, analogous to the oxidation steps of the manganese cluster of Photosystem II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reiner Lomoth
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Uppsala University, Box 579, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
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28
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Romain S, Baffert C, Dumas S, Chauvin J, Leprêtre JC, Daveloose D, Deronzier A, Collomb MN. Tetranuclear polybipyridyl complexes of RuIIand MnII, their electro- and photo-induced transformation into di-µ-oxo MnIIIMnIVhexanuclear complexes. Dalton Trans 2006:5691-702. [PMID: 17146534 DOI: 10.1039/b610728a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Three heterotetranuclear complexes, [{Ru(II)(bpy)(2)(L(n))}(3)Mn(II)](8+) (bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine, n = 2, 4, 6), in which a Mn(II)-tris-bipyridine-like centre is covalently linked to three Ru(II)-tris-bipyridine-like moieties using bridging bis-bipyridine L(n) ligands, have been synthesised and characterised. The electrochemical, photophysical and photochemical properties of these complexes have been investigated in CH(3)CN. The cyclic voltammograms of the three complexes exhibit two successive very close one-electron metal-centred oxidation processes in the positive potential region. The first, which is irreversible, corresponds to the Mn(II)/Mn(III) redox system (E(pa) approximately 0.82 V vs Ag/Ag(+) 0.01 M in CH(3)CN-0.1 M Bu(4)NClO(4)), whereas the second which is, reversible, is associated with the Ru(II)/Ru(III) redox couple (E(1/2) approximately 0.91 V). In the negative potential region, three successive reversible four electron systems are observed, corresponding to ligand-based reduction processes. The three stable dimeric oxidized forms of the complexes, [Mn(2)(III,IV)O(2){Ru(II)(bpy)(2)(L(n))}(4)](11+), [Mn(2)(IV,IV)O(2){Ru(II)(bpy)(2)(L(n))}(4)](12+) and [Mn(2)(IV,IV)O(2){Ru(III)(bpy)(2)(L(n))}(4)](16+) are obtained in fairly good yields by sequential electrolyses after consumption of respectively 1.5, 0.5 and 3 electrons per molecule of initial tetranuclear complexes. The formation of the di-micro-oxo binuclear complexes are the result of the instability of the {[Ru(II)(bpy)(2)(L(n))](3)Mn(III)}(9+) species, which react with residual water, via a disproportionation reaction and the release of one ligand, [Ru(II)(bpy)(2)(L(n))](2+). A quantitative yield can be obtained for these reactions if the electrochemical oxidations are performed in the presence of an added external base like 2,6-dimethylpyridine. Photophysical properties of these compounds have been investigated showing that the luminescence of the Ru(II)-tris-bipyridine-like moieties is little affected by the presence of manganese within the tetranuclear complexes. A slight quenching of the excited states of the ruthenium moieties, which occurs by an intramolecular process, has been observed. Measurements made at low concentration (<1 x 10(-5) M) indicate that some decoordination of Mn(2+) arises in 1a-c. These measurements allow the calculation of the association constants for these complexes. Finally, photoinduced oxidation of the tetranuclear complexes has been performed by continuous photolysis experiments in the presence of a large excess of a diazonium salt, acting as a sacrificial oxidant. The three successive oxidation processes, Mn(II)--> Mn(III)Mn(IV), Mn(III)Mn(IV)--> Mn(IV)Mn(IV) and Ru(II)--> Ru(III) are thus obtained, the addition of 2,6-dimethylpyridine in the medium giving an essentially quantitative yield for the two first photo-induced oxidation steps as found for electrochemical oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Romain
- Laboratoire d'Electrochimie Organique et de Photochimie Rédox, Université Joseph Fourier, UMR CNRS 5630, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Grenoble, FR CNRS 2607, BP 53, 38041, Grenoble Cedex 9, France
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Xu Y, Eilers G, Borgström M, Pan J, Abrahamsson M, Magnuson A, Lomoth R, Bergquist J, Polívka T, Sun L, Sundström V, Styring S, Hammarström L, Akermark B. Synthesis and Characterization of Dinuclear Ruthenium Complexes Covalently Linked to RuII Tris-bipyridine: An Approach to Mimics of the Donor Side of Photosystem II. Chemistry 2005; 11:7305-14. [PMID: 16163754 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200500592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
To mimic the electron-donor side of photosystem II (PSII), three trinuclear ruthenium complexes (2, 2a, 2b) were synthesized. In these complexes, a mixed-valent dinuclear Ru2(II,III) moiety with one phenoxy and two acetato bridges is covalently linked to a Ru(II) tris-bipyridine photosensitizer. The properties and photoinduced electron/energy transfer of these complexes were studied. The results show that the Ru2(II,III) moieties in the complexes readily undergo reversible one-electron reduction and one-electron oxidation to give the Ru2(II,III) and Ru2(III,III) states, respectively. This could allow for photooxidation of the sensitizer part with an external acceptor and subsequent electron transfer from the dinuclear ruthenium moiety to regenerate the sensitizer. However, all trinuclear ruthenium complexes have a very short excited-state lifetime, in the range of a few nanoseconds to less than 100 ps. Studies by femtosecond time-resolved techniques suggest that a mixture of intramolecular energy and electron transfer between the dinuclear ruthenium moiety and the excited [Ru(bpy)3]2+ photosensitizer is responsible for the short lifetimes. This problem is overcome by anchoring the complexes with ester- or carboxyl-substituted bipyridine ligands (2a, 2b) to nanocrystalline TiO2, and the desired electron transfer from the excited state of the [Ru(bpy)3]2+ moiety to the conduction band of TiO2 followed by intramolecular electron transfer from the dinuclear Ru2(II,III) moiety to photogenerated Ru(III) was observed. The resulting long-lived Ru2(III,III) state decays on the millisecond timescale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhua Xu
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratories, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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Charge Transport and Catalysis by Molecules Confined in Polymeric Materialsand Application to Future Nanodevices for Energy Conversion. ADVANCES IN POLYMER SCIENCE 2005. [DOI: 10.1007/b136872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
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Lombard J, Romain S, Dumas S, Chauvin J, Collomb MN, Daveloose D, Deronzier A, Leprêtre JC. Tetranuclear Polypyridyl Complexes of RuII and FeII: Synthesis, Electrochemical, Photophysical and Photochemical Behaviour. Eur J Inorg Chem 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.200500106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Swarnalatha K, Rajkumar E, Rajagopal S, Ramaraj R, Lu YL, Lu KL, Ramamurthy P. Photoinduced electron transfer reactions of ruthenium(II) complexes containing 2,2′-bipyridine-4,4′-dicarboxylic acid with phenols. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2004.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Lachaud F, Quaranta A, Pellegrin Y, Dorlet P, Charlot MF, Un S, Leibl W, Aukauloo A. A Biomimetic Model of the Electron Transfer between P680 and the TyrZ-His190 Pair of PSII. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200461948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Lachaud F, Quaranta A, Pellegrin Y, Dorlet P, Charlot MF, Un S, Leibl W, Aukauloo A. A Biomimetic Model of the Electron Transfer between P680 and the TyrZ-His190 Pair of PSII. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2005; 44:1536-40. [PMID: 15678434 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200461948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabien Lachaud
- Laboratoire de Chimie Inorganique, Bât. 420, Université Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay, France
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Warden AC, Spiccia L, Hearn MTW, Boas JF, Pilbrow JR. The synthesis, structure and properties of copper(ii) complexes of asymmetrically functionalized derivatives of 1,4,7-triazacyclononane. Dalton Trans 2005:1804-13. [PMID: 15877151 DOI: 10.1039/b417739h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Reaction of 1-propylamino-4-acetato-1,4,7-triazacyclononane (L1), 1-benzyl-4-acetato-1,4,7-triazacyclononane (L2) and 1-benzyl-4-propylamino-1,4,7-triazacyclononane (L3) with a copper(II) salt gave Na2[CuL1](ClO4)3(1a), [CuL2]Cl (2) and [Cu2L32](ClO4)4.5H2O (3), respectively. [CuL4]ClO4 (4) was formed by reacting 1-formyl-4-ethylacetato-1,4,7-triazacyclononane with cupric chloride in aqueous solution. The X-ray crystal structures of the complexes reveal that the ligands generate distorted square pyramidal or square planar coordination environments about the Cu(II) centre, but in three complexes (1b, 3 and 4) weak interactions to an oxygen atom from a perchlorate anion and, in the case of 4, also to an amide nitrogen leading to tetragonally elongated octahedral Cu(II) geometries. In 4, the formyl group is found to reduce the coordinating ability of the macrocyclic nitrogen to which it is attached, as evidenced by the weak CuN interaction. The formation of five-membered chelate rings on coordination of the ligands further contributes to the distortion from the ideal geometries. The crystal lattices contain a number of novel supramolecular features. 1a contains a negatively charged sodium perchlorate chain of composition [Na2(ClO4)3]x(x-), with a complex series of Na-O-Na bridges flanked by [CuL1]+ units, while 3 contains highly complex hydrogen bonded sheets approximately 20 A thick that stack through van der Waals interactions. One-dimensional chains comprised of copper complexes are found in 2 and 4, and are held together by hydrogen bonds in 2 and acetate bridges between the copper cations in 4. The solution EPR spectra indicate that the copper(II) centres exist in isolated distorted square pyramidal (possibly square planar for 4) environments, while in the solid state there is evidence for the existence of weak exchange and dipole-dipole coupling for some complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew C Warden
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Victoria, 3800, Australia
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Baffert C, Dumas S, Chauvin J, Leprêtre JC, Collomb MN, Deronzier A. Photoinduced oxidation of [Mn(L)3]2+and [Mn2O2(L)4]3+ (L = 2,2′-bipyridine and 4,4′-dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridine) with the [Ru(bpy)3]2+/-aryl diazonium salt system. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2005. [DOI: 10.1039/b411365a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Rau S, Schäfer B, Grüßing A, Schebesta S, Lamm K, Vieth J, Görls H, Walther D, Rudolph M, Grummt UW, Birkner E. Efficient synthesis of ruthenium complexes of the type (R-bpy)2RuCl2 and [(R-bpy)2Ru(L–L)]Cl2 by microwave-activated reactions (R: H, Me, tert-But) (L–L: substituted bibenzimidazoles, bipyrimidine, and phenanthroline). Inorganica Chim Acta 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2004.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Hureau C, Blanchard S, Nierlich M, Blain G, Rivière E, Girerd JJ, Anxolabéhère-Mallart E, Blondin G. Controlled Redox Conversion of New X-ray-Characterized Mono- and Dinuclear Heptacoordinated Mn(II) Complexes into Di-μ-oxo-dimanganese Core Complexes. Inorg Chem 2004; 43:4415-26. [PMID: 15236555 DOI: 10.1021/ic035332u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Two heptacoordinated Mn(II) complexes are isolated and X-ray characterized using the well-known tpen ligand (tpen = N,N,N',N'-tetrakis(2-pyridylmethyl)-1,2-ethanediamine): [(tpen)Mn(OH(2))](ClO(4))(2) (1(ClO(4))(2)) and [(tpen)Mn(micro-OAc)Mn(tpen)](ClO(4))(3).2H(2)O (2(ClO(4))(3).2H(2)O). Crystallographic data for 1(ClO(4))(2) at 110(2) K (respectively at 293(2) K): monoclinic, space group C2/c, a = 15.049(3) A (15.096(3) A), b = 9.932(2) A (10.105(2) A), c = 19.246(4) A (19.443(4) A), beta = 94.21(3) degrees (94.50(3) degrees ), Z = 4. Crystallographic data for 2(ClO(4))(3).0.5(C(2)H(5))(2)O at 123(2) K: triclinic, space group P, a = 12.707(3) A, b = 12.824(3) A, c = 19.052(4) A, alpha = 102.71(3) degrees, beta = 97.83(3) degrees, gamma = 98.15(3) degrees, Z = 2. Investigation of the variation upon temperature of the molar magnetic susceptibility of compound 2(ClO(4))(3).2H(2)O reveals a weak antiferromagnetic exchange interaction between the two high-spin Mn(II) ions (J = -0.65 +/- 0.05 cm(-)(1), H = -JS(1).S(2)). EPR spectra are recorded on powder samples and on frozen acetonitrile solutions, demonstrating the maintenance upon dissolution of the heptacoordination of Mn in complex 1 while complex 2 partially dissociates. Electrochemical responses of complexes 1 and 2 are investigated in acetonitrile, and bulk electrolyses are performed at oxidative potential in the presence of various amounts of 2,6-lutidine (0-2.65 equiv per Mn ion). The formation from either 1 or 2 of the mixed-valent complex [(tpen)Mn(III)(micro-O)(2)Mn(IV)(tpen)](3+) (3) is established from mass spectrometry and EPR and IR spectroscopy measurements. When reaction is started from 2, formation of [(tpen)Mn(IV)(micro-O)(2)(micro-OAc)Mn(IV)](3+) (4) is evidenced from cyclic voltammetry, EPR, and UV-vis data. The Mn vs tpen ratio in the electrogenerated complexes is accurately controlled by the quantity of additional 2,6-lutidine. The role of tpen as a base is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christelle Hureau
- Laboratoire de Chimie Inorganique, UMR 8613, LCR-CEA n degrees 33V, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay, Université Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
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Huang P, Högblom J, Anderlund MF, Sun L, Magnuson A, Styring S. Light-induced multistep oxidation of dinuclear manganese complexes for artificial photosynthesis. J Inorg Biochem 2004; 98:733-45. [PMID: 15134919 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2003.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2003] [Revised: 12/10/2003] [Accepted: 12/11/2003] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Two dinuclear manganese complexes, [Mn(2)BPMP(mu-OAc)(2)].ClO(4) (1, where BPMP is the anion of 2,6-bis([N,N-di(2-pyridinemethyl)amino]methyl)-4-methylphenol) and [Mn(2)L(mu-OAc)(2)].ClO(4) (2, where L is the trianion of 2,6-bis([N-(2-hydroxy-3,5-di-tert-butylbenzyl)-N-(2-pyridinemethyl)amino]methyl)-4-methylphenol), undergo several oxidations by laser flash photolysis, using ruthenium(II)-tris-bipyridine (tris(2,2-bipyridyl)dichloro-ruthenium(II) hexahydrate) as photo-sensitizer and penta-amminechlorocobalt(III) chloride as external electron acceptor. In both complexes stepwise electron transfer was observed. In 1, four Mn-valence states from the initial Mn(2)(II,II) to the Mn(2)(III,IV) state are available. In 2, three oxidation steps are possible from the initial Mn(2)(III,III)state. The last step is accomplished in the Mn(2)(IV,IV) state, which results in a phenolate radical. For the first time we provide firm spectral evidence for formation of the first intermediate state, Mn(2)(II,III), in 1 during the stepwise light-induced oxidation. Observation of Mn(2)(II,III) is dependent on conditions that sustain the mu-acetato bridges in the complex, i.e., by forming Mn(2)(II,III) in dry acetonitrile, or by addition of high concentrations of acetate in aqueous solutions. We maintain that the presence of water is necessary for the transition to higher oxidation states, e.g., Mn(2)(III,III) and Mn(2)(III,IV) in 1, due to a bridging ligand exchange reaction which takes place in the Mn(2)(II,III) state in water solution. Water is also found to be necessary for reaching the Mn(2)(IV,IV) state in 2, which explains why this state was not reached by electrolysis in our earlier work (Eur. J. Inorg. Chem (2002) 2965). In 2, the extra coordinating oxygen atoms facilitate the stabilization of higher Mn valence states than in 1, resulting in formation of a stable Mn(2)(IV,IV) without disintegration of 2. In addition, further oxidation of 2, led to the formation of a phenolate radical (g = 2.0046) due to ligand oxidation. Its spectral width (8 mT) and very fast relaxation at 15 K indicates that this radical is magnetically coupled to the Mn(2)(IV,IV) center.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Huang
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, Lund S-22100, Sweden
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Johansson O, Wolpher H, Borgström M, Hammarström L, Bergquist J, Sun L, Akermark B. Intramolecular charge separation in a hydrogen bonded tyrosine–ruthenium(ii)–naphthalene diimide triad. Chem Commun (Camb) 2004:194-5. [PMID: 14737545 DOI: 10.1039/b308101j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Long-lived charge-separated states in the ns to [micro sign]s range were observed upon laser flash excitation of a donor-chromophore-acceptor triad based on tris(bipyridine) ruthenium(ii) as photo-sensitizer, naphthalene diimide as acceptor, and a hydrogen bonded phenol as donor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olof Johansson
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 579, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
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41
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Johansson A, Abrahamsson M, Magnuson A, Huang P, Mårtensson J, Styring S, Hammarström L, Sun L, Akermark B. Synthesis and Photophysics of One Mononuclear Mn(III) and One Dinuclear Mn(III,III) Complex Covalently Linked to a Ruthenium(II) Tris(bipyridyl) Complex. Inorg Chem 2003; 42:7502-11. [PMID: 14606845 DOI: 10.1021/ic0344822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The preparation of donor (D)-photosensitizer (S) arrays, consisting of a manganese complex as D and a ruthenium tris(bipyridyl) complex as S has been pursued. Two new ruthenium complexes containing coordinating sites for one (2a) and two manganese ions (3a) were prepared in order to provide models for the donor side of photosystem II in green plants. The manganese coordinating site consists of bridging and terminal phenolate as well as terminal pyridyl ligands. The corresponding ruthenium-manganese complexes, a manganese monomer 2b and dimer 3b, were obtained. For the dimer 3b, our data suggest that intramolecular electron transfer from manganese to photogenerated ruthenium(III) is fast, k(ET) > 5 x 10(7) s(-)(1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anh Johansson
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Stockholm University, S-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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42
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Pellegrin Y, Berg K, Blondin G, Anxolabéhère-Mallart E, Leibl W, Aukauloo A. A Rigid Molecular Scaffold Affixing a (Polypyridine)ruthenium(II)- and a Nickel(II)-Containing Complex: Spectroscopic Evidence for a Weakly Coupled Bichromophoric System. Eur J Inorg Chem 2003. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.200200561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Goussias C, Boussac A, Rutherford AW. Photosystem II and photosynthetic oxidation of water: an overview. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2002; 357:1369-81; discussion 1419-20. [PMID: 12437876 PMCID: PMC1693055 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2002.1134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Conceptually, photosystem II, the oxygen-evolving enzyme, can be divided into two parts: the photochemical part and the catalytic part. The photochemical part contains the ultra-fast and ultra-efficient light-induced charge separation and stabilization steps that occur when light is absorbed by chlorophyll. The catalytic part, where water is oxidized, involves a cluster of Mn ions close to a redox-active tyrosine residue. Our current understanding of the catalytic mechanism is mainly based on spectroscopic studies. Here, we present an overview of the current state of knowledge of photosystem II, attempting to delineate the open questions and the directions of current research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charilaos Goussias
- Service de Bioénergétique, URA CNRS 2096, Bat 532, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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Huang P, Magnuson A, Lomoth R, Abrahamsson M, Tamm M, Sun L, van Rotterdam B, Park J, Hammarström L, Akermark B, Styring S. Photo-induced oxidation of a dinuclear Mn(2)(II,II) complex to the Mn(2)(III,IV) state by inter- and intramolecular electron transfer to Ru(III)tris-bipyridine. J Inorg Biochem 2002; 91:159-72. [PMID: 12121773 DOI: 10.1016/s0162-0134(02)00394-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
To model the structural and functional parts of the water oxidizing complex in Photosystem II, a dimeric manganese(II,II) complex (1) was linked to a ruthenium(II)tris-bipyridine (Ru(II)(bpy)(3)) complex via a substituted L-tyrosine, to form the trinuclear complex 2 [J. Inorg. Biochem. 78 (2000) 15]. Flash photolysis of 1 and Ru(II)(bpy)(3) in aqueous solution, in the presence of an electron acceptor, resulted in the stepwise extraction of three electrons by Ru(III)(bpy)(3) from the Mn(2)(II,II) dimer, which then attained the Mn(2)(III,IV) oxidation state. In a similar experiment with compound 2, the dinuclear Mn complex reduced the photo-oxidized Ru moiety via intramolecular electron transfer on each photochemical event. From EPR it was seen that 2 also reached the Mn(2)(III,IV) state. Our data indicate that oxidation from the Mn(2)(II,II) state proceeds stepwise via intermediate formation of Mn(2)(II,III) and Mn(2)(III,III). In the presence of water, cyclic voltammetry showed an additional anodic peak beyond Mn(2)(II,III/III,III) oxidation which was significantly lower than in neat acetonitrile. Assuming that this peak is due to oxidation to Mn(2)(III,IV), this suggests that water is essential for the formation of the Mn(2)(III,IV) oxidation state. Compound 2 is a structural mimic of the water oxidizing complex, in that it links a Mn complex via a tyrosine to a highly oxidizing photosensitizer. Complex 2 also mimics mechanistic aspects of Photosystem II, in that the electron transfer to the photosensitizer is fast and results in several electron extractions from the Mn moiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Huang
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, S-221 00 Lund, Sweden
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Abrahamsson MLA, Baudin HB, Tran A, Philouze C, Berg KE, Raymond-Johansson MK, Sun L, Akermark B, Styring S, Hammarstrom L. Ruthenium-manganese complexes for artificial photosynthesis: factors controlling intramolecular electron transfer and excited-state quenching reactions. Inorg Chem 2002; 41:1534-44. [PMID: 11896722 DOI: 10.1021/ic0107227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Continuing our work toward a system mimicking the electron-transfer steps from manganese to P(680)(+) in photosystem II (PS II), we report a series of ruthenium(II)-manganese(II) complexes that display intramolecular electron transfer from manganese(II) to photooxidized ruthenium(III). The electron-transfer rate constant (k(ET)) values span a large range, 1 x 10(5)-2 x 10(7) s(-1), and we have investigated different factors that are responsible for the variation. The reorganization energies determined experimentally (lambda = 1.5-2.0 eV) are larger than expected for solvent reorganization in complexes of similar size in polar solvents (typically lambda approximately 1.0 eV). This result indicates that the inner reorganization energy is relatively large and, consequently, that at moderate driving force values manganese complexes are not fast donors. Both the type of manganese ligand and the link between the two metals are shown to be of great importance to the electron-transfer rate. In contrast, we show that the quenching of the excited state of the ruthenium(II) moiety by manganese(II) in this series of complexes mainly depends on the distance between the metals. However, by synthetically modifying the sensitizer so that the lowest metal-to-ligand charge transfer state was localized on the nonbridging ruthenium(II) ligands, we could reduce the quenching rate constant in one complex by a factor of 700 without changing the bridging ligand. Still, the manganese(II)-ruthenium(III) electron-transfer rate constant was not reduced. Consequently, the modification resulted in a complex with very favorable properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malin L A Abrahamsson
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Uppsala University, Box 532, S-751 21 Uppsala, Sweden
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López-Cornejo P, Mozo J, Roldán E, Domı́nguez M, Sánchez F. Kinetic study of the reaction *[Ru(bpy)3]2++S2O82− in solutions of Brij-35 at premicellar and micellar concentrations. Chem Phys Lett 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0009-2614(01)01287-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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López-Cornejo P, Sánchez F. Micellar Effects on the Kinetics of the Oxidation of the Excited State of the [Ru(bpy)3]2+ Complex by S2O82-. A Comparison of Different Approaches for the Interpretation of Micellar Effects on Kinetics. J Phys Chem B 2001. [DOI: 10.1021/jp010979q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P. López-Cornejo
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - F. Sánchez
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
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Hammarström L, Sun L, Akermark B, Styring S. A biomimetic approach to artificial photosynthesis: Ru(II)-polypyridine photo-sensitisers linked to tyrosine and manganese electron donors. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2001; 57:2145-2160. [PMID: 11603836 DOI: 10.1016/s1386-1425(01)00491-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The paper describes recent advances towards the construction of functional mimics of the oxygen evolving complex in photosystem II (PSII) that are coupled to photoinduced charge separation. Some key principles of PSII and artificial systems for light-induced charge accumulation are discussed. Systems are described where biomimetic electron donors--manganese complexes and tyrosine--have been linked to a Ru(II)-polypyridine photosensitiser. Oxidation of the donors by intramolecular electron transfer from the photo-oxidised Ru(III) complex has been studied using optical flash photolysis and EPR experiments. A step-wise electron transfer Mn(III,III)-->tyrosine Ru(III) has been demonstrated, in analogy to the reaction on the donor side of PSII. Electron transfer from the tyrosine to Ru(III) was coupled to tyrosine deprotonation. This resulted in a large reorganisation energy and thus a slow reaction rate, unless the tyrosine was hydrogen bonded or already deprotonated. A comparison with analogous reactions in PSII is made. Finally, light-induced oxidation of a manganese dimer linked to a Ru(II)-photosensitiser has been observed. Preliminary results suggest the possibility of photo-oxidising manganese dimers in several steps, which is an important advancement towards water oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Hammarström
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Uppsala University, Sweden.
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50
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Berg K, Tran A, Raymond M, Abrahamsson M, Wolny J, Redon S, Andersson M, Sun L, Styring S, Hammarström L, Toftlund H, Åkermark B. Covalently Linked Ruthenium(II)−Manganese(II) Complexes: Distance Dependence of Quenching and Electron Transfer. Eur J Inorg Chem 2001. [DOI: 10.1002/1099-0682(200104)2001:4<1019::aid-ejic1019>3.0.co;2-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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