1
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Li Q, Chen S, Lan P, Yang G, Sun Q, Zhong L, Wang F. Tuning nitrogen adsorption and activation performances of Three-Atom transition metal clusters by modulating external electric fields. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 669:211-219. [PMID: 38713959 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024]
Abstract
Three-atom transition metal clusters (TATMCs) with remarkable catalytic activities, especially Nb3, Zr3, and Y3, are proven to be suitable candidates for efficient ammonia production. The pursuit of effective strategies to further promote the ammonia synthesis performance of TATMCs is necessary. In this study, we systematically investigate the effect of external electric fields on tuning the N2 adsorption and NN* activation performances of Nb3, Zr3, and Y3. Our findings demonstrate that the medium and low positive fields promote the N2 adsorption performance of Nb3, while both positive and negative fields enhance nitrogen adsorption on Zr3. Additionally, electric fields may impede N2 fixation on Y3, yet the N2 adsorption performance of Y3 remains considerable. Negative electric fields enhance the NN* activation performance of Nb3 and Y3. But only high negative fields weaken the NN bond on Zr3, which is attributed to the promotion of the charge accumulation around two N atoms. Notably, Nb3 and Zr3 are identified as two TATMCs with the potential for simultaneous optimization of their EN and ICOHP values. This work sheds light on the field effects on the N2 adsorption and NN* activation performances of TATMCs and guides the design of catalysts for achieving more sustainable ammonia synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qihang Li
- College of Electrical and Information Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - She Chen
- College of Electrical and Information Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People's Republic of China.
| | - Penghang Lan
- College of Electrical and Information Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - Guobin Yang
- College of Electrical and Information Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiuqin Sun
- College of Electrical and Information Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - Lipeng Zhong
- College of Electrical and Information Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Wang
- College of Electrical and Information Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, People's Republic of China
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2
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Jain S, Danovich D, Shaik S. Dinitrogen Activation within Frustrated Lewis Pairs Is Promoted by Adding External Electric Fields. J Phys Chem A 2024; 128:4595-4604. [PMID: 38775015 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.4c00437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
This study uses computational means to explore the feasibility of N2 cleavage by frustrated Lewis pair (FLPs) species. The employed FLP systems are phosphane/borane (1) and carbene/borane (2). Previous studies show that 1 and 2 react with H2 and CO2 but do not activate N2. The present study demonstrates that N2 is indeed inert, and its activation requires augmentation of the FLPs by an external tool. As we demonstrate here, FLP-mediated N2 activation can be achieved by an external electric field oriented along the reaction axis of the FLP. Additionally, the study demonstrates that FLP -N2 activation generates useful nitrogen compound, e.g., hydrazine (H2N-NH2). In summary, we conclude that FLP effectively activates N2 in tandem with oriented external electric fields (OEEFs), which play a crucial role. This FLP/OEEF combination may serve as a general activator of inert molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shailja Jain
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Givat Ram, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - David Danovich
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Givat Ram, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Sason Shaik
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Givat Ram, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
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3
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Li Y, Mou LH, Jiang GD, Li ZY, He SG, Chen H. Toward Designing Reactive Metal Clusters for Dinitrogen Activation: A Guideline Based on N 2 Initial Adsorption. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:10775-10785. [PMID: 38804545 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c01428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Gas-phase metal clusters are ideal models to explore transition-metal-mediated N2 activation mechanism. However, the effective design and search of reactive clusters in N2 activation are currently hindered by the lack of clear guidelines. Inspired by the Sabatier principle, we discovered in this work that N2 initial adsorption energy (ΔEads) is an important parameter to control the N2 activation reactivity of metal clusters in the gas phase. This mechanistic insight obtained from high-level calculations rationalizes the N2 activation reactivity of many previously reported metal clusters when combined with the known factor determining the N≡N cleavage process. Furthermore, based on this guideline of ΔEads, we successfully designed several new reactive clusters for cleaving N≡N triple bond under mild conditions, including FeV2S2-, TaV2C2-, and TaV2C3-, the high N2 activation reactivity of which has been fully corroborated in our gas phase experiments employing mass spectrometry with collision-induced dissociation. The importance of ΔEads revealed in this work not only reshapes our understanding of N2 activation reactions in the gas phase but also could have implication for other N2 activation processes in the condensed phase. The more general establishment of this new perspective on N2 activation reactivity warrants future experimental and computational studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and CAS Research/Education Center of Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Li-Hui Mou
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and CAS Research/Education Center of Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Gui-Duo Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and CAS Research/Education Center of Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Zi-Yu Li
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and CAS Research/Education Center of Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Sheng-Gui He
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and CAS Research/Education Center of Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Hui Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and CAS Research/Education Center of Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
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4
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Zhang SY, Ding XL, Qu SZ. Effect of External Electric Field on Nitrogen Activation on a Trimetal Cluster. Chemphyschem 2024:e202300961. [PMID: 38850107 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202300961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
Efficient nitrogen (N2) fixation and activation under mild conditions are crucial for modern society. External electric fields (Felectric) can significantly affect N2 activation. In this work, the effect of Felectric on N2 activation by Nb3 clusters supported in a sumanene bowl was studied by density functional theory calculations. Four typical systems at different stages of N-N activation were studied, including two intermediates and two transition states. The impact of Felectric on various properties related to N2 activation was investigated, including the N-N bond length, overlap population density of states (OPDOS), total energy of the system, adsorption energy of N2, decomposition of energy changes, and electron transfer. The sumanene not only functions as a support and protective substrate, but also serves as a donor or acceptor under different Felectric conditions. Negative Felectric is beneficial to N-N bond activation because it promotes electron transfer to the N-N region and improves the d-π* orbital hybridization between metals and N2 in the activation process. Positive Felectric improves d-π* orbital hybridization only when the N-N is nearly dissociated. The microscopic mechanism of Felectric's effects provides insight into N2 activation and theoretical guidance for the design of catalytic reaction conditions for nitrogen reduction reactions (NRR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Song-Yang Zhang
- School of Mathematics and Physics, North China Electric Power University, Beinong Road 2, Changping, Beijing, 102206, P. R. China
| | - Xun-Lei Ding
- School of Mathematics and Physics, North China Electric Power University, Beinong Road 2, Changping, Beijing, 102206, P. R. China
- Institute of Clusters and Low Dimensional Nanomaterials, North China Electric Power University, Beinong Road 2, Changping, Beijing, 102206, P. R. China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Physics and Energy Technology, North China Electric Power University, Baoding, 071000, China
| | - Sheng-Ze Qu
- School of Mathematics and Physics, North China Electric Power University, Beinong Road 2, Changping, Beijing, 102206, P. R. China
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5
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Ding YQ, Zhang FX, Li Y, Ma JB. Manipulating Reactivity of Ir(CH 2) 0-2+ Cations toward Dinitrogen at Room Temperature: A Unique Dependence on the Organic Ligand Structures. J Phys Chem A 2024; 128:449-455. [PMID: 38174707 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c07579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N2) activation at room temperature has long been a great challenge. Therefore, the rational design of reactive species to adsorb N2, which is a prerequisite for cleavage of the strong N≡N triple bond in industrial and biological processes, is highly desirable and meaningful. Herein, the N2 adsorption process is controlled by regulating the types and numbers of organic ligands, and the organic ligands are produced through the reactions of Ir+ with methane and ethane. CH4 molecules dissociate on the Ir+ cations to form Ir(CH2)1,2+. The reaction of Ir+ with C2H6 can generate HIrC2H3+, which is different from the structure of Ir(CH2)2+ obtained from Ir+/CH4. The reactivity order of N2 adsorption is Ir(CH2)2+ > HIrC2H3+ ≫ HIrCH+ ≈ Ir+ (almost inert under similar reaction conditions), indicating that different organic ligand structures affect reactivity dramatically. The main reason for this interesting reactivity difference is that the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) level of Ir(CH2)2+ is much closer to the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) level of N2 than those of the other three systems. This study provides new insights into the adsorption of N2 on metal-organic ligand species, in which the organic ligand dominates the reactivity, and it discovers new clues in designing effective transition metal carbine species for N2 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Qi Ding
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Pollutant Analysis & Reuse Technology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi 435002, P. R. China
| | - Feng-Xiang Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Ying Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Jia-Bi Ma
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, China
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6
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You Q, Jiang XL, Fan W, Cui YS, Zhao Y, Zhuang S, Gu W, Liao L, Xu CQ, Li J, Wu Z. Pd 8 Nanocluster with Nonmetal-to-Metal- Ring Coordination and Promising Photothermal Conversion Efficiency. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202313491. [PMID: 37990769 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202313491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Constructing ambient-stable, single-atom-layered metal-based materials with atomic precision and understanding their underlying stability mechanisms are challenging. Here, stable single-atom-layered nanoclusters of Pd were synthesized and precisely characterized through electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and single-crystal X-ray crystallography. A pseudo-pentalene-like Pd8 unit was found in the nanocluster, interacting with two syn PPh units through nonmetal-to-metal -ring coordination. The unexpected coordination, which is distinctly different from the typical organoring-to-metal coordination in half-sandwich-type organometallic compounds, contributes to the ambient stability of the as-obtained single-atom-layered nanocluster as revealed through theoretical and experimental analyses. Furthermore, quantum chemical calculations revealed dominant electron transition along the horizontal x-direction of the Pd8 plane, indicating high photothermal conversion efficiency (PCE) of the nanocluster, which was verified by the experimental PCE of 73.3 %. Therefore, this study unveils the birth of a novel type of compound and the finding of the unusual nonmetal-to-metal -ring coordination and has important implications for future syntheses, structures, properties, and structure-property correlations of single-atom-layered metal-based materials.
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Grants
- 21925303, 21829501, 22033005, 21905284, 22038002, 22103035, 21771186, 21222301, 22075291, 21171170 and 21528303 National Natural Science Foundation of China
- 2022YFA1503900, 2022YFA1503000 National Key Research and Development Project
- 2020B121201002 Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis
- BJPY2019A02 CASHIPS Director's Fund
- 2020HSC-CIP005, 2022HSC-CIP018 Innovative Program of Development Foundation of Hefei Center for Physical Science and Technology
- YZJJ202306-TS and YZJJ-GGZX-2022-01 Foundation of President of HFIPS
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing You
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 230031, Hefei, China
- Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, 230601, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xue-Lian Jiang
- Department of Chemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalytic Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, 518055, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wentao Fan
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 230031, Hefei, China
- Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, 230601, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yun-Shu Cui
- Department of Chemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalytic Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, 518055, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 230031, Hefei, China
- Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, 230601, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Shengli Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 230031, Hefei, China
- Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, 230601, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Wanmiao Gu
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 230031, Hefei, China
- Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, 230601, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Lingwen Liao
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 230031, Hefei, China
- Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, 230601, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Cong-Qiao Xu
- Department of Chemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalytic Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, 518055, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Chemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalytic Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, 518055, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Chemistry and Engineering Research Center of Advanced Rare-Earth Materials of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Zhikun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 230031, Hefei, China
- Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, 230601, Hefei, Anhui, China
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7
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Ma P, Du P, Song W, Wang J. A DFT Investigation of B-Doped C 3 N as Single Atom Electrocatalysts for N 2 -to-NH 3 Conversion. Chemphyschem 2024; 25:e202300497. [PMID: 37936333 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202300497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
The NH3 synthesis from N2 plays an important role in the ecological cycle and industrial production. Different from industrial NH3 synthesis with high pollution and energy consumption, electrocatalytic NH3 synthesis is favored because of its environmental protection, energy saving, ambient reaction conditions and other characteristics. However, due to the low efficiency and poor reaction selectivity of the existing electrocatalysts, which can not be used actually, the development of new electrocatalysts for nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) is particularly urgent. Herein, we designed a series of transition metal atoms anchored B-doped defective C3 N surface (TM@B2 C3 N) as single-atom catalysts. Through the screening process of N2 adsorption activation, N2 H formation and NH3 desorption, finally the excellent electrocatalysts with strong stability and high activity (Cr@B2 C3 N and Mn@B2 C3 N) were obtained. After simulating the entire pathway, it was found that the NRR process on Cr@B2 C3 N and Mn@B2 C3 N via consecutive and distal pathways with the lowest limiting potential of -0.42 and -0.52 V, which have the good ability to inhibit hydrogen evolution reaction. Finally, the electronic properties were analyzed, and the reason for their high catalytic activity was summarized. This work provides a new idea for the rational design of NRR electrocatalysts and promotes the practical application of electrocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Ma
- School of 3D Printing, Xinxiang University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan, P.R. China
| | - Peiru Du
- School of 3D Printing, Xinxiang University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan, P.R. China
| | - Wei Song
- School of Science, Henan Institute of Technology, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan, P.R. China
| | - Jinlong Wang
- School of Electronic Engineering, Tongling University, Tongling, 244061, Anhui, P.R. China
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230000, Anhui, P.R. China
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8
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Fries DV, Klein MP, Straßner A, Huber ME, Luczak M, Wiehn C, Niedner-Schatteburg G. Cryo IR spectroscopy and cryo kinetics of dinitrogen activation and cleavage by small tantalum cluster cations. J Chem Phys 2023; 159:164303. [PMID: 37873960 DOI: 10.1063/5.0157217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigate small tantalum clusters Tan+, n = 2-4, for their capability to cleave N2 adsorption spontaneously. We utilize infrared photon dissociation (IR-PD) spectroscopy of isolated and size selected clusters under cryogenic conditions within a buffer gas filled ion trap, and we augment our experiments by quantum chemical simulations (at DFT level). All Tan+ clusters, n = 2-4, seem to cleave N2 efficiently. We confirm and extend a previous study under ambient conditions on Ta2+ cluster [Geng et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 115, 11680-11687 (2018)]. Our cryo studies and the concomitant DFT simulations of the tantalum trimer Ta3+ suggest cleavage of the first and activation of the second and third N2 molecule across surmountable barriers and along much-involved multidimensional reaction paths. We unravel the underlying reaction processes and the intermediates involved. The study of the N2 adsorbate complexes of Ta4+ presented here extends our earlier study and previously published spectra from (4,m), m = 1-5 [Fries et al., Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 23(19), 11345-11354 (2021)], up to m = 12. We confirm the priory published double activation and nitride formation, succeeded by single side-on N2 coordination. Significant red shifts of IR-PD bands from these side-on coordinated μ2-κN:κN,N N2 ligands correlate with the degree of tilting towards the second coordinating Ta center. All subsequently attaching N2 adsorbates onto Ta4+ coordinate in an end-on fashion, and we find clear evidence for co-existence of end-on coordination isomers. The study of stepwise N2 adsorption revealed adsorption limits m(max) of [Tan(N2)m]+ which increase with n, and kinetic fits revealed significant N2 desorption rates upon higher N2 loads. The enhanced absolute rate constants of the very first adsorbate steps kabs(n,0) of the small Ta3+ and Ta4+ clusters independently suggest dissociative N2 adsorption and likely N2 cleavage into Ta nitrides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela V Fries
- Department of Chemistry and State Research Center OPTIMAS, Rheinland-Pfälzische Technische Universität (RPTU) Kaiserslautern-Landau, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Matthias P Klein
- Department of Chemistry and State Research Center OPTIMAS, Rheinland-Pfälzische Technische Universität (RPTU) Kaiserslautern-Landau, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Annika Straßner
- Department of Chemistry and State Research Center OPTIMAS, Rheinland-Pfälzische Technische Universität (RPTU) Kaiserslautern-Landau, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Maximilian E Huber
- Department of Chemistry and State Research Center OPTIMAS, Rheinland-Pfälzische Technische Universität (RPTU) Kaiserslautern-Landau, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Maximilian Luczak
- Department of Chemistry and State Research Center OPTIMAS, Rheinland-Pfälzische Technische Universität (RPTU) Kaiserslautern-Landau, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Christopher Wiehn
- Department of Chemistry and State Research Center OPTIMAS, Rheinland-Pfälzische Technische Universität (RPTU) Kaiserslautern-Landau, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Gereon Niedner-Schatteburg
- Department of Chemistry and State Research Center OPTIMAS, Rheinland-Pfälzische Technische Universität (RPTU) Kaiserslautern-Landau, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
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9
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Li S, Zhao R, Chi X, Wang X, Zhou Y, Xiong Y, Yao Y, Wang D, Fu Z, Xie J, Yan YM. Built-in Electric Field-Induced Work Function Reduction in C-Co 3O 4 for Efficient Electrochemical Nitrogen Reduction. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:8828-8836. [PMID: 37751210 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c02205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Co3O4 is a highly selective catalyst for the electrochemical conversion of N2 to NH3. However, the large work function (WF) of Co3O4 leads to unsatisfactory activity. To address this issue, a strong built-in electric field (BIEF) was constructed in Co3O4 by doping C atoms (C-Co3O4) to reduce the WF for improving the electrocatalytic performance. C-Co3O4 exhibited a remarkable NH3 yield of 38.5 μg h-1 mgcat-1 and a promoted FE of 15.1% at -0.3 V vs RHE, which were 2.2 and 1.9 times higher than those of pure Co3O4, respectively. Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM), zeta potential, and ultraviolet photoelectron spectrometry (UPS) confirmed the formation of strong BIEF and WF reduction in C-Co3O4. Additionally, in situ Raman measurements and density functional theory (DFT) calculations revealed the relationship between BIEF and WF and provided insights into the reaction mechanism. Our work offers valuable guidance for the design and development of more efficient nitrogen reduction catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyuan Li
- State Key Lab of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Zhao
- State Key Lab of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyue Chi
- State Key Lab of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxuan Wang
- State Key Lab of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Yixiang Zhou
- State Key Lab of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Xiong
- State Key Lab of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Yebo Yao
- State Key Lab of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Dewei Wang
- State Key Lab of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenzhen Fu
- State Key Lab of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiangzhou Xie
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Yi-Ming Yan
- State Key Lab of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
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10
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Gorbachev V, Nobile AG, Tsybizova A, Chen P. Probing Electronic Effects in Tridentate Copper(I) Complexes by CIVP Spectroscopy. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:14704-14714. [PMID: 37642404 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c02065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Ligand electronic effects play an important role in catalysis, where small changes to ligand structure can bring about large changes in catalytic activity. Therefore, accurate experimental quantification of ligand electronic properties plays a crucial role in understanding and tuning chemical reactivity. In this work, we used cryogenic ion vibrational predissociation (CIVP) spectroscopy to experimentally quantify electronic effects in terpyridine ligands, as simple model systems, by measuring CIVP spectra of their copper complexes tagged by N2 molecules. We used the N2 stretching vibration as a reporter chromophore to probe electronic effects of the investigated ligands and employed quantum chemical calculations to better understand how different substituents influence the vibrational frequencies of the stretching vibration of the chromophore. Our data show that the electronic character, as well as position and number of substituents, can affect the N≡N vibrational frequency, and that the N≡N bond serves as a sensitive probe for electronic and steric effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Peter Chen
- ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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11
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Jiang GD, Yang Q, Wei GP, Li ZY, He SG. Superior Reactivity of Molybdenum-Sulfur Cluster Anions Mo 5S 2- and Mo 5S 3- toward Dinitrogen. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:11318-11324. [PMID: 37428555 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c00644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Inspired by the fact that Mo is a key element in biological nitrogenase, a series of gas-phase MoxSy- cluster anions are prepared and their reactivity toward N2 is investigated by the combination of mass spectrometry, photoelectron imaging spectroscopy, and density functional theory calculations. The Mo5S2- and Mo5S3- cluster anions show remarkable reactivity compared with the anionic species reported previously. The spectroscopic results in conjunction with theoretical analysis reveal that a facile cleavage of N≡N bonds takes place on Mo5S2- and Mo5S3-. The large dissociative adsorption energy of N2 and the favorable entrance channel for initial N2 approaching are proposed as two decisive factors for the superior reactivity of Mo5S2- and Mo5S3-. Besides, the modulation of S ligands on the reactivity of metal centers with N2 is proposed. The highly reactive metal-sulfur species may be obtained by the coordination of two to three sulfur atoms to bare metal clusters so that an appropriate combination of electronic structures and charge distributions can be achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Duo Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and CAS Research/Education Center of Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
| | - Qi Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and CAS Research/Education Center of Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
| | - Gong-Ping Wei
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and CAS Research/Education Center of Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
| | - Zi-Yu Li
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and CAS Research/Education Center of Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
| | - Sheng-Gui He
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and CAS Research/Education Center of Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
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12
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Cheng X, Li ZY, Jiang GD, Liu XX, Liu QY, He SG. Activation of Dinitrogen Promoted by Adsorption of C 6H 6 on Fe 2VC - Cluster Anions. J Phys Chem Lett 2023:6431-6436. [PMID: 37432842 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c01367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
The introduction of organic ligands is one of the effective strategies to improve the stability and reactivity of metal clusters. Herein, the enhanced reactivity of benzene-ligated cluster anions Fe2VC(C6H6)- with respect to naked Fe2VC- is identified. Structural characterization suggests that C6H6 is molecularly bound to the dual metal site in Fe2VC(C6H6)-. Mechanistic details reveal that the cleavage of N≡N is feasible in Fe2VC(C6H6)-/N2 but hindered by an overall positive barrier in the Fe2VC-/N2 system. Further analysis discloses that the ligated C6H6 regulates the compositions and energy levels of the active orbitals of the metal clusters. More importantly, C6H6 serves as an electron reservoir for the reduction of N2 to lower the crucial energy barrier of N≡N splitting. This work demonstrates that the flexibility of C6H6 in terms of withdrawing and donating electrons is crucial to regulating the electronic structures of the metal cluster and enhancing the reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Cheng
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center of Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Zi-Yu Li
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center of Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Gui-Duo Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center of Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Xiao Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center of Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Qing-Yu Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center of Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Sheng-Gui He
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center of Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
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13
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Du S, Liu X, Liu Z, Li G, Fan H, Xie H, Jiang L. Dinitrogen Activation by Heteronuclear Bimetallic Cluster Anion FeV - in the Gas Phase. JACS AU 2023; 3:1723-1727. [PMID: 37388684 PMCID: PMC10301668 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.3c00143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen activation is a significant but difficult project in the chemical area. Photoelectron spectroscopy (PES) and calculated results are used to investigate the reaction mechanism of the heteronuclear bimetallic cluster FeV- toward N2 activation. The results clearly show that N2 can be fully activated by FeV- at room temperature, forming the FeV(μ2-N)2- complex with the totally ruptured N≡N bond. Electronic structure analysis reveals that the activation of N2 by FeV- is achieved by the electron transfer of bimetallic atoms and electron back-donation to the metal core, which demonstrates that heteronuclear bimetallic anionic clusters are very important to nitrogen activation. This study provides important information for the rational design of synthetic ammonia catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihu Du
- State
Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- School
of Mathematics and Physics, Hebei University
of Engineering, Handan 056038, China
| | - Xuegang Liu
- State
Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- Center
of Basic Molecular Science, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zhiling Liu
- School
of Chemical and Material Science, Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules
& Magnetic Information Materials, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan 030000, China
| | - Gang Li
- State
Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Hongjun Fan
- State
Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Hua Xie
- State
Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Ling Jiang
- State
Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
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14
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Li ZY, Horn F, Li Y, Mou LH, Schöllkopf W, Chen H, He SG, Asmis KR. Dinitrogen Activation in the Gas Phase: Spectroscopic Characterization of C-N Coupling in the V 3 C + +N 2 Reaction. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203384. [PMID: 36511849 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We report on cluster-mediated C-N bond formation in the gas phase using N2 as a nitrogen source. The V3 C+ +N2 reaction is studied by a combination of ion-trap mass spectrometry with infrared photodissociation (IRPD) spectroscopy and complemented by electronic structure calculations. The proposed reaction mechanism is spectroscopically validated by identifying the structures of the reactant and product ions. V3 C+ exhibits a pyramidal structure of C1 -symmetry. N2 activation is initiated by adsorption in an end-on fashion at a vanadium site, followed by spontaneous cleavage of the N≡N triple bond and subsequent C-N coupling. The IRPD spectrum of the metal nitride product [NV3 (C=N)]+ exhibits characteristic C=N double bond (1530 cm-1 ) and V-N single bond (770, 541 and 522 cm-1 ) stretching bands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Yu Li
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of, Unstable and Stable Species, Institution of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.,Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Francine Horn
- Wilhelm-Ostwald-Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Leipzig, Linnéstrasse 2, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.,Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Yao Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Li-Hui Mou
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of, Unstable and Stable Species, Institution of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Wieland Schöllkopf
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hui Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Sheng-Gui He
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of, Unstable and Stable Species, Institution of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Knut R Asmis
- Wilhelm-Ostwald-Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Leipzig, Linnéstrasse 2, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
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15
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Du S, Liu X, Ju B, Zhang J, Zou J, Li G, Fan H, Xie H, Jiang L. Spectroscopic Identification of the Dinitrogen Fixation and Activation by Metal Carbide Cluster Anions PtC n- ( n = 4-6). Inorg Chem 2023; 62:170-177. [PMID: 36573891 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c03150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Nitrogen fixation is confronted with great challenges in the field of chemistry. Herein, we report that single metal carbides PtCn- and PtCnN2- (n = 4-6) are indispensable intermediates in the process of nitrogen fixation by mass spectrometry coupled with anionic photoelectron spectroscopy, quantum chemical calculations, and simulated density-of-state spectra. The most stable isomers of these cluster anions are characterized to have linear chain structures. The fixation and activation of dinitrogen are facilitated by the charge transfer from Pt and Cn to N2. The significance of π back-donation of the 5d orbital of the Pt atom to the antibonding π orbits of N2 for dinitrogen fixation and activation is discussed in detail. This study not only provides a theoretical basis at the molecular level for the activation of dinitrogen by mononuclear metal carbide clusters but also provides a new paradigm for dinitrogen fixation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihu Du
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian116023, China.,School of Mathematics and Physics, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan056038, China
| | - Xuegang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian116023, China
| | - Bangmin Ju
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian116023, China
| | - Jumei Zhang
- School of Life Science, Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong264025, China
| | - Jinghan Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian116023, China
| | - Gang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian116023, China
| | - Hongjun Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian116023, China
| | - Hua Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian116023, China
| | - Ling Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian116023, China
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16
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Ghoshal S, Ghosh A, Roy P, Ball B, Pramanik A, Sarkar P. Recent Progress in Computational Design of Single-Atom/Cluster Catalysts for Electrochemical and Solar-Driven N 2 Fixation. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c04527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sourav Ghoshal
- Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan731 235, India
| | - Atish Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan731 235, India
| | - Prodyut Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan731 235, India
| | - Biswajit Ball
- Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan731 235, India
| | - Anup Pramanik
- Department of Chemistry, Sidho-Kanho-Birsha University, Purulia723 104, India
| | - Pranab Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan731 235, India
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17
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Cui C, Zhang H, Cheng R, Huang B, Luo Z. On the Nature of Three-Atom Metal Cluster Catalysis for N 2 Reduction to Ammonia. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c04146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chaonan Cui
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100190, China
| | - Hongchao Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100190, China
| | - Ran Cheng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
| | - Benben Huang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
| | - Zhixun Luo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
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18
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Wang M, You FY, Gao M, Chen ZY, Chu LY, Hu LR, Zhu J, Ma JB. Direct Conversion of N 2 and O 2 to Nitric Oxide at Room Temperature Initiated by Double Aromaticity in the Y 2BO + Cation. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:10697-10704. [PMID: 36367460 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c02925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The conversion of dinitrogen to more useful and reactive molecules has been the focus of intense research by chemists. In contrast to reductive N2 fixation, direct oxidation of N2 by O2 to nitric oxide under mild conditions via a thermochemical process is extremely challenging. Herein, we report the first example of N2 and O2 activation and coupling under thermochemical conditions through the remarkable ability of Y2BO+ to react with one N2 and two O2 molecules. Detailed mechanistic studies using mass spectrometry and quantum chemical calculations revealed that the N2 activation by Y2BO+ is facilitated by the double aromatic character of the Y2BON2+ intermediate. Subsequent oxidation with O2 releases NO in a dearomatization process driven by the formation of stronger Y-O bonds over the Y-N bonds. Our findings represent the first example of N2 and O2 activation and coupling under thermochemical conditions at room temperature, providing a novel strategy for small-molecule activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei-Ying You
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Gao
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Ying Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, People's Republic of China
| | - Lan-Ye Chu
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, People's Republic of China
| | - Lian-Rui Hu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Molecule Intelligent Syntheses, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Bi Ma
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, People's Republic of China
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19
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Wang YY, Ding XL, Chen Y, Wang MM, Li W, Wang X. Trimetallic clusters in the sumanene bowl for dinitrogen activation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:23265-23278. [PMID: 36156001 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp03346a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
It is of great importance to find catalysts for the nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) with high stability and reactivity. A series of M3 clusters (M = Ti, Zr, V, and Nb) supported on sumanene (C21H12) were designed as potential catalysts for the NRR by taking advantage of the high reactivity of trimetallic clusters and the unique geometric and electronic properties of sumanene, a bowl-like organic molecule. Detailed mechanisms of NN bond cleavage on C21H12-M3 were investigated by DFT calculations and compared with those on bare M3 clusters. M3 in the sumanene bowl is very stable with large binding energies, which prohibits the cohesion of M3 into M6. In the bowl, M3 has a (quasi-) equilateral triangle structure with lengthened M-M bonds, which is particularly beneficial to the N2 transfer process on Ti3 and V3 clusters. The N-N bond can be dissociated by both M3 and C21H12-M3 clusters without the overall energy barriers. A blurring effect is found in which some geometric and electronic properties of different metal types become similar when M3 is supported on the substrate. Our work demonstrates that sumanene is a suitable substrate to support M3 in the activation of N2 with enhanced stability and maintained a high level of reactivity compared to bare M3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ya Wang
- School of Mathematics and Physics, North China Electric Power University, Beinong Road 2, Changping, Beijing, 102206, P. R. China. .,Institute of Clusters and Low Dimensional Nanomaterials, North China Electric Power University, Beinong Road 2, Changping, Beijing, 102206, P. R. China.,School of New Energy, North China Electric Power University, Beinong Road 2, Changping, Beijing, 102206, P. R. China
| | - Xun-Lei Ding
- School of Mathematics and Physics, North China Electric Power University, Beinong Road 2, Changping, Beijing, 102206, P. R. China. .,Institute of Clusters and Low Dimensional Nanomaterials, North China Electric Power University, Beinong Road 2, Changping, Beijing, 102206, P. R. China.,Hebei Key Laboratory of Physics and Energy Technology, North China Electric Power University, Baoding, 071000, China
| | - Yan Chen
- School of Mathematics and Physics, North China Electric Power University, Beinong Road 2, Changping, Beijing, 102206, P. R. China. .,Institute of Clusters and Low Dimensional Nanomaterials, North China Electric Power University, Beinong Road 2, Changping, Beijing, 102206, P. R. China.,School of New Energy, North China Electric Power University, Beinong Road 2, Changping, Beijing, 102206, P. R. China
| | - Meng-Meng Wang
- School of Mathematics and Physics, North China Electric Power University, Beinong Road 2, Changping, Beijing, 102206, P. R. China. .,Institute of Clusters and Low Dimensional Nanomaterials, North China Electric Power University, Beinong Road 2, Changping, Beijing, 102206, P. R. China.,School of New Energy, North China Electric Power University, Beinong Road 2, Changping, Beijing, 102206, P. R. China
| | - Wei Li
- School of Mathematics and Physics, North China Electric Power University, Beinong Road 2, Changping, Beijing, 102206, P. R. China. .,Institute of Clusters and Low Dimensional Nanomaterials, North China Electric Power University, Beinong Road 2, Changping, Beijing, 102206, P. R. China.,Hebei Key Laboratory of Physics and Energy Technology, North China Electric Power University, Baoding, 071000, China
| | - Xin Wang
- School of Mathematics and Physics, North China Electric Power University, Beinong Road 2, Changping, Beijing, 102206, P. R. China. .,Institute of Clusters and Low Dimensional Nanomaterials, North China Electric Power University, Beinong Road 2, Changping, Beijing, 102206, P. R. China.,Hebei Key Laboratory of Physics and Energy Technology, North China Electric Power University, Baoding, 071000, China
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20
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Del Horno E, Jover J, Mena M, Pérez-Redondo A, Yélamos C. Dinitrogen Binding at a Trititanium Chloride Complex and Its Conversion to Ammonia under Ambient Conditions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202204544. [PMID: 35748604 PMCID: PMC9542190 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202204544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Reaction of [TiCp*Cl3] (Cp*=η5‐C5Me5) with one equivalent of magnesium in tetrahydrofuran at room temperature affords the paramagnetic trinuclear complex [{TiCp*(μ‐Cl)}3(μ3‐Cl)], which reacts with dinitrogen under ambient conditions to give the diamagnetic derivative [{TiCp*(μ‐Cl)}3(μ3‐η1 : η2 : η2‐N2)] and the titanium(III) dimer [{TiCp*Cl(μ‐Cl)}2]. The structure of the trinuclear mixed‐valence complexes has been studied by experimental and theoretical methods and the latter compound represents the first well‐defined example of the μ3‐η1 : η2 : η2 coordination mode of the dinitrogen molecule. The reaction of [{TiCp*(μ‐Cl)}3(μ3‐η1 : η2 : η2‐N2)] with excess HCl in tetrahydrofuran results in clean NH4Cl formation with regeneration of the starting material [TiCp*Cl3]. Therefore, a cyclic ammonia synthesis under ambient conditions can be envisioned by alternating N2/HCl atmospheres in a [TiCp*Cl3]/Mg(excess) reaction mixture in tetrahydrofuran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estefanía Del Horno
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Investigación Química "Andrés M. del Río" (IQAR), Universidad de Alcalá, 28805, Alcalá de Henares-Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Jover
- Secció de Química Inorgànica, Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional (IQTC-UB), Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miguel Mena
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Investigación Química "Andrés M. del Río" (IQAR), Universidad de Alcalá, 28805, Alcalá de Henares-Madrid, Spain
| | - Adrián Pérez-Redondo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Investigación Química "Andrés M. del Río" (IQAR), Universidad de Alcalá, 28805, Alcalá de Henares-Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Yélamos
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Investigación Química "Andrés M. del Río" (IQAR), Universidad de Alcalá, 28805, Alcalá de Henares-Madrid, Spain
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21
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Xiu Z, Zheng M, Li J, Wei F, Dong C, Zhang M, Zhou X, Han X. Fe-VS 2 Electrocatalyst with Organic Matrix-Mediated Electron Transfer for Highly Efficient Nitrogen Fixation. CHEMSUSCHEM 2022; 15:e202200741. [PMID: 35670288 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202200741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical N2 fixation is considered to be a promising alternative to Haber-Bosch technology. Inspired by the composition and structure of natural nitrogenase, Fe-doped VS2 nanosheets were prepared via one-step solvothermal method. The electron transfer system mediated by organic conductive polymer (1-AAQ-PA) was constructed to promote the electron transfer between Fe-VS2 nanosheets and the electrode in electrocatalytic N2 reduction reaction (NRR). The obtained 1-AAQ-PA-Fe-VS2 electrode converted N2 to NH3 with a yield of 31.6 μg h-1 mg-1 at -0.35 V vs. reversible hydrogen electrode and high faradaic efficiency of 23.5 %. The introduction of Fe dopants favored N2 adsorption and activation, while the Li-S bond between Fe-VS2 and Li2 SO4 effectively inhibited hydrogen evolution. The highly efficient electron utilization in the electrocatalytic NRR process was realized using the 1-AAQ-PA as the electron transfer medium. Density functional theory calculations showed that N2 was preferentially adsorbed on Fe and reduced to NH3 via both distal and alternating mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyuan Xiu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, No. 92, West Da-Zhi Street, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
| | - Ming Zheng
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, No. 92, West Da-Zhi Street, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
| | - Jiadong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, No. 92, West Da-Zhi Street, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
| | - Feng Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, No. 92, West Da-Zhi Street, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
| | - Changchang Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, No. 92, West Da-Zhi Street, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
| | - Mingrui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, No. 92, West Da-Zhi Street, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
| | - Xin Zhou
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, No. 92, West Da-Zhi Street, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
| | - Xiaojun Han
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, No. 92, West Da-Zhi Street, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
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22
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Sun X, Huang X. Reaction of Ta 3 - Clusters with Molecular Nitrogen: A Mechanism Investigation. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:22682-22688. [PMID: 35811866 PMCID: PMC9260930 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c02138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Because of the inertness of molecular nitrogen, its practicable activation under mild conditions is a fundamental challenge. Ta3 - is an exceptionally small cluster that reacts with N2 at room temperature, leading finally to Ta3N2 -; Ta3N2 - also could react with N2 at room temperature, leading finally to Ta3N4 -, a product of interest in its own right because of its potential as a nitrogen fixation medium. The mechanisms of the Ta3 -- and Ta3N2 --mediated activation of the N≡N triple bond have been investigated. Our extensive computations elucidate mechanisms for the ready reactions, leading to stepwise cleavage of the N≡N bond. Initial isomeric N2/Ta3 - complexes, N≡N elongation, undergo a N≡N split over generally low barriers in a highly exothermic process. The nitrogen-atom or molecular exchange reactions found in the Ta3N2 -/N2 system may be of paramount importance in both applied and fundamental studies.
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Yelamos C, del Horno E, Jover J, Mena M, Perez-Redondo A. Dinitrogen Binding at a Trititanium Chloride Complex and Its Conversion to Ammonia under Ambient Conditions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202204544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Yelamos
- Universidad de Alcala Quimica Organica y Quimica Inorganica Campus Universitario, Edificio Farmacia 28805 Alcala de Henares SPAIN
| | - Estefania del Horno
- Universidad de Alcala Departamento de Quimica Organica y Quimica Inorganica Edificio de Farmacia, Campus Universitario 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid SPAIN
| | - Jesus Jover
- Universitat de Barcelona Facultat de Quimica Deapartment de Quimica Inorganica i Organica Marti i Franques 1-11 08028 Barcelona SPAIN
| | - Miguel Mena
- Universidad de Alcala Departamento de Quimica Organica y Quimica Inorganica Edificio de Farmacia, Campus Universitario 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid SPAIN
| | - Adrian Perez-Redondo
- Universidad de Alcala Departamento de Quimica Organica y Quimica Inorganica Edificio de Farmacia, Campus Universitario 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid SPAIN
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24
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Experimental and Theoretical Study of N2 Adsorption on Hydrogenated Y2C4H− and Dehydrogenated Y2C4− Cluster Anions at Room Temperature. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23136976. [PMID: 35805983 PMCID: PMC9266966 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23136976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The adsorption of atmospheric dinitrogen (N2) on transition metal sites is an important topic in chemistry, which is regarded as the prerequisite for the activation of robust N≡N bonds in biological and industrial fields. Metal hydride bonds play an important part in the adsorption of N2, while the role of hydrogen has not been comprehensively studied. Herein, we report the N2 adsorption on the well-defined Y2C4H0,1− cluster anions under mild conditions by using mass spectrometry and density functional theory calculations. The mass spectrometry results reveal that the reactivity of N2 adsorption on Y2C4H− is 50 times higher than that on Y2C4− clusters. Further analysis reveals the important role of the H atom: (1) the presence of the H atom modifies the charge distribution of the Y2C4H− anion; (2) the approach of N2 to Y2C4H− is more favorable kinetically compared to that to Y2C4−; and (3) a natural charge analysis shows that two Y atoms and one Y atom are the major electron donors in the Y2C4− and Y2C4H− anion clusters, respectively. This work provides new clues to the rational design of TM-based catalysts by efficiently doping hydrogen atoms to modulate the reactivity towards N2.
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25
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Chu LY, Ding YQ, Wang M, Ma JB. Plasma-promoted reactions of the heterobimetallic anions CuNb - with dinitrogen and subsequent reactions with carbon dioxide: formation of C-N bonds. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:14333-14338. [PMID: 35642691 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp01817a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The activation and functionalization of dinitrogen with carbon dioxide into useful chemicals containing C-N bonds are significant research projects but highly challenging. Herein, we report that N2 molecules are dissociated by heterobimetallic CuNb- anions assisted by surface plasma radiation, leading to the formation of CuNbN2- anions; the CuNbN2- anions can further react with CO2 to generate products NCO- with one C-N bond and NbO2NCN- with two C-N bonds under thermal collision conditions. For the activation of dinitrogen, the plasma atmosphere is conducive to the dissociation of the NN bond, which renders the coupling reactions of N2 and CO2 molecules easier to proceed. This is the first report of coupling of N2 and CO2 to generate C-N bonds by making good use of the plasma effect to assist in the activation of N2 molecules. This new strategy with the assistance of plasma provides a practicable route to construct C-N bonds by directly using N2 and CO2 at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan-Ye Chu
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488, China.
| | - Yong-Qi Ding
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488, China.
| | - Ming Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488, China.
| | - Jia-Bi Ma
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488, China.
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26
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Mou LH, Li ZY, He SG. Recent Progress in Dinitrogen Activation by Gas-Phase Metal Species. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:4159-4169. [PMID: 35507918 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c00850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the mechanisms to activate and functionalize dinitrogen (N2) is of great importance for the rational design of nitrogen-fixation catalysts. Reactions of gas-phase species with N2 are being actively studied to understand the bond activation and formation processes at a strictly molecular level. This Perspective provides an overview of the recent progress in combined experimental and theoretical studies on the activation and functionalization of N2 by gas-phase metal species. New mechanistic insights into N2 molecular adsorption, N≡N cleavage, and N-X (X = C, B, and H) formation have been introduced, in which the new reaction channels of ejecting neutral metal fragments and the coupling reactions of N2 with other molecules are highlighted. Finally, the current challenges and outlooks of N2 activation in the gas phase are discussed as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Hui Mou
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and CAS Research/Education Center of Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
| | - Zi-Yu Li
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and CAS Research/Education Center of Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
| | - Sheng-Gui He
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and CAS Research/Education Center of Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
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27
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Li Y, Ding YQ, Zhou S, Ma JB. Dinitrogen Activation by Dihydrogen and Quaternary Cluster Anions AuNbBO -: Nb- and B-Mediated N 2 Activation and Au-Assisted Nitrogen Transfer. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:4058-4063. [PMID: 35499311 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c00945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen fixation and hydrogenation are important issues in chemistry and industry. Herein, we used mass spectrometry and quantum chemical calculations to identify the quaternary AuNbBO- anions that can efficiently activate N2 and H2 to form imido (or amido) units in the products AuNbBON2H2- under thermal collision conditions. In these reactions, Nb and B atoms work in synergy to dissociate N2 and the Au atom acts as a reducing agent, which facilitates the removal of one activated N atom for the following hydrogenation process; generation of three-centered, two-electron bonds facilitates N2 activation and N transformation. This study shows that the noble metal-assisted early transition metal boronyl cluster is highly reactive to facilitate thermal N-N and H-H bond cleavage, and NH (or NH2) and NBO units, which are important intermediates in N2 hydrogenation reactions, are formed. These findings may provide insight into the design of new catalysts for the synthesis of NH3 from N2 and H2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Yong-Qi Ding
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Shaodong Zhou
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Engineering Manufacture Technology, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Jia-Bi Ma
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, China
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28
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Huang XQ, Ding XL, Wang J, Wang YY, Gurti JI, Chen Y, Wang MM, Li W, Wang X. Exploring trimetallic clusters containing alkali and alkaline earth metal atoms with high activity for nitrogen activation. Struct Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-022-01919-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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29
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Ding YQ, Chen ZY, Li ZY, Cheng X, Wang M, Ma JB. Lithium-Assisted Dinitrogen Reduction Mediated by Nb 2LiNO 1-4- Cluster Anions: Electron Donors or Structural Units. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:1511-1517. [PMID: 35226501 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c10868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Alkali atoms are usually used as promoters to significantly increase the catalytic activity of transition-metal catalysts in a wide range of reactions such as dinitrogen conversion reactions. However, the role of alkali metal atoms remains controversial. Herein, a series of quaternary cluster anions containing lithium atoms Nb2LiNO1-4- have been synthesized and reacted with N2 at room temperature. The detailed experimental and theoretical investigations indicate that Nb2LiNO- is capable to cleave the N≡N bond and the Li atoms in Nb2LiNO1,2- act as electron donors in the N2 reduction reaction. With the increase in the number of oxygen atoms, the reactivity toward N2 is reduced from adsorption via a side-on end-on mode in Nb2LiNO2- to the inertness of Nb2LiNO4-. In Nb2LiNO3,4- anions, the Li atoms are bonded with oxygen atoms, acting as structural units to stabilize structures. Therefore, the roles of alkali atoms are able to change with different chemical environments of active sites. For the first time, we reveal how the number of ligands (oxygen atoms herein) can be used to finely regulate the reactivity toward N2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Qi Ding
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Ying Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, P. R. China
| | - Zi-Yu Li
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Xin Cheng
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Ming Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, P. R. China
| | - Jia-Bi Ma
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, P. R. China
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30
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Li ZY, Mou LH, Jiang GD, Liu QY, He SG. 15 N/ 14N isotopic exchange in the dissociative adsorption of N 2 on tantalum nitride cluster anions Ta 3N 3−. CHINESE J CHEM PHYS 2022. [DOI: 10.1063/1674-0068/cjcp2112286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Adsorption and activation of dinitrogen (N2) is an indispensable process in nitrogen fixation. Metal nitride species continue to attract attention as a promising catalyst for ammonia synthesis. However, the detailed mechanisms at a molecular level between reactive nitride species and N2 remain unclear at elevated temperature, which is important to understand the temperature effect and narrow the gap between the gas phase system and condensed phase system. Herein, the 14N/15N isotopic exchange in the reaction between tantalum nitride cluster anions Ta314N3− and 15N2 leading to the regeneration of 14N2/14N15N was observed at elevated temperature (393−593 K) using mass spectrometry. With the aid of theoretical calculations, the exchange mechanism and the effect of temperature to promote the dissociation of N2 on Ta3N3− were elucidated. A comparison experiment for Ta314N4−/15N2 couple indicated that only desorption of 15N2 from Ta314N415N2− took place at elevated temperature. The different exchange behavior can be well understood by the fact that nitrogen vacancy is a requisite for the dinitrogen activation over metal nitride species. This study may shed light on understanding the role of nitrogen vacancy in nitride species for ammonia synthesis and provide clues in designing effective catalysts for nitrogen fixation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Yu Li
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and CAS Research/Education Center of Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Li-Hui Mou
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and CAS Research/Education Center of Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Gui-Duo Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and CAS Research/Education Center of Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Qing-Yu Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and CAS Research/Education Center of Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Sheng-Gui He
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and CAS Research/Education Center of Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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31
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Ding YQ, Li Y, Ying F, Wang M, Ma JB. Room-Temperature Dinitrogen and Carbon Dioxide Activation to Form Nitrogen-Carbon Bonds by Quaternary Cluster Anions: Gold-Assisted Enhancement of Reactivity. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:492-497. [PMID: 35001630 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c03774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Coupling conversion of CO2 and N2 molecules under mild conditions to form useful N-C bond-containing products has attracted significant attention. However, the activation and direct coupling of such very inert molecules are quite challenging. Herein, we determined that this coupling reaction can be realized by AuNbBO- quaternary anions at room temperature. The well-defined AuNbBO- anions can cleave the N≡N bond in N2 and two C═O bonds in CO2 to form a novel product NCNBO-. To the best of our knowledge, the NCNBO- anion has been experimentally synthesized for the first time by coupling N2 and CO2. Comparative studies with Nb2BO-/N2 and NbBO-/N2 systems further indicate that the presence of a Au atom in AuNbBO- is indispensable for this N2 and CO2 coupling reaction, because the Au atom can decrease the active orbital energies of AuNbBO- anions to facilitate the π-back-donating interaction between AuNbBO- and N2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Qi Ding
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Ying Li
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Fei Ying
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Ming Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Jia-Bi Ma
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, China
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Mou LH, Li Y, Wei GP, Li ZY, Liu QY, Chen H, He SG. Mutual Functionalization of Dinitrogen and Methane Mediated by Heteronuclear Metal Cluster Anions CoTaC2−. Chem Sci 2022; 13:9366-9372. [PMID: 36093004 PMCID: PMC9384824 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc02416k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The direct coupling of dinitrogen (N2) and methane (CH4) to construct the N–C bond is a fascinating but challenging approach for the energy-saving synthesis of N-containing organic compounds. Herein we identified a likely reaction pathway for N–C coupling from N2 and CH4 mediated by heteronuclear metal cluster anions CoTaC2−, which starts with the dissociative adsorption of N2 on CoTaC2− to generate a Taδ+–Ntδ− (terminal-nitrogen) Lewis acid–base pair (LABP), followed by the further activation of CH4 by CoTaC2N2− to construct the N–C bond. The N
Created by potrace 1.16, written by Peter Selinger 2001-2019
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N cleavage by CoTaC2− affording two N atoms with strong charge buffering ability plays a key part, which facilitates the H3C–H cleavage via the LABP mechanism and the N–C formation via a CH3 migration mechanism. A novel Nt triggering strategy to couple N2 and CH4 molecules using metal clusters was accordingly proposed, which provides a new idea for the direct synthesis of N-containing compounds. A possible N–C bond formation directly from N2 and CH4 mediated by heteronuclear metal cluster anions CoTaC2− at room temperature was identified.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Hui Mou
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and CAS Research/Education Center of Excellence in Molecular Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Yao Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and CAS Research/Education Center of Excellence in Molecular Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Gong-Ping Wei
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and CAS Research/Education Center of Excellence in Molecular Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Zi-Yu Li
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and CAS Research/Education Center of Excellence in Molecular Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Qing-Yu Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and CAS Research/Education Center of Excellence in Molecular Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Hui Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and CAS Research/Education Center of Excellence in Molecular Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Sheng-Gui He
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and CAS Research/Education Center of Excellence in Molecular Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
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33
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Wang YY, Ding XL, Gurti JI, Chen Y, Huang XQ, Li W, Wang X. Facile N≡N Bond Cleavage by Anionic Trimetallic Clusters V 3-x Ta x C 4 - (x=0-3): A DFT Study. Chemphyschem 2021; 23:e202100771. [PMID: 34821022 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202100771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Activation of N2 on anionic trimetallic V3-x Tax C4 - (x=0-3) clusters was theoretically studied employing density functional theory. For all studied clusters, initial adsorption of N2 (end-on) on one of the metal atoms (denoted as Site 1) is transferred to an of end-on: side-on: side-on coordination on three metal atoms, prior to N2 dissociation. The whole reaction is exothermic and has no global energy barriers, indicating that the dissociation of N2 is facile under mild conditions. The reaction process can be divided into two processes: N2 transfer (TRF) and N-N dissociation (DIS). For V-series clusters, which has a V atom on Site 1, the rate-determining step is DIS, while for Ta-series clusters with a Ta on Site 1, TRF may be the rate-determining step or has energy barriers similar to those of DIS. The overall energy barriers for heteronuclear V2 TaC4 - and VTa2 C4 - clusters are lower than those for homonuclear V3 C4 - and Ta3 C4 - , showing that the doping effect is beneficial for the activation and dissociation of N2 . In particular, V-Ta2 C4 - has low energy barriers in both TRF and DIS, and it has the highest N2 adsorption energy and a high reaction heat release. Therefore, a trimetallic heteronuclear V-series cluster, V-Ta2 C4 - , is suggested to have high reactivity to N2 activation, and may serve as a prototype for designing related catalysts at a molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ya Wang
- School of Mathematics and Physics, North China Electric Power University, Beinong Road 2, Huilongguan, Beijing, 102206, P. R. China.,Institute of Clusters and Low Dimensional Nanomaterials, North China Electric Power University, Beinong Road 2, Huilongguan, Beijing, 102206, P. R. China.,School of New Energy, North China Electric Power University, Beinong Road 2, Huilongguan, Beijing, 102206, P. R. China
| | - Xun-Lei Ding
- School of Mathematics and Physics, North China Electric Power University, Beinong Road 2, Huilongguan, Beijing, 102206, P. R. China.,Institute of Clusters and Low Dimensional Nanomaterials, North China Electric Power University, Beinong Road 2, Huilongguan, Beijing, 102206, P. R. China
| | - Joseph Israel Gurti
- School of Mathematics and Physics, North China Electric Power University, Beinong Road 2, Huilongguan, Beijing, 102206, P. R. China.,Institute of Clusters and Low Dimensional Nanomaterials, North China Electric Power University, Beinong Road 2, Huilongguan, Beijing, 102206, P. R. China
| | - Yan Chen
- School of Mathematics and Physics, North China Electric Power University, Beinong Road 2, Huilongguan, Beijing, 102206, P. R. China.,Institute of Clusters and Low Dimensional Nanomaterials, North China Electric Power University, Beinong Road 2, Huilongguan, Beijing, 102206, P. R. China.,School of New Energy, North China Electric Power University, Beinong Road 2, Huilongguan, Beijing, 102206, P. R. China
| | - Xue-Qian Huang
- School of Mathematics and Physics, North China Electric Power University, Beinong Road 2, Huilongguan, Beijing, 102206, P. R. China.,Institute of Clusters and Low Dimensional Nanomaterials, North China Electric Power University, Beinong Road 2, Huilongguan, Beijing, 102206, P. R. China
| | - Wei Li
- School of Mathematics and Physics, North China Electric Power University, Beinong Road 2, Huilongguan, Beijing, 102206, P. R. China.,Institute of Clusters and Low Dimensional Nanomaterials, North China Electric Power University, Beinong Road 2, Huilongguan, Beijing, 102206, P. R. China
| | - Xin Wang
- School of Mathematics and Physics, North China Electric Power University, Beinong Road 2, Huilongguan, Beijing, 102206, P. R. China.,Institute of Clusters and Low Dimensional Nanomaterials, North China Electric Power University, Beinong Road 2, Huilongguan, Beijing, 102206, P. R. China
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34
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Mou LH, Li Y, Li ZY, Liu QY, Chen H, He SG. Dinitrogen Activation by Heteronuclear Metal Carbide Cluster Anions FeTaC 2-: A 5d Early and 3d Late Transition Metal Strategy. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:19224-19231. [PMID: 34731569 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c10018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cleavage of the strong N≡N bond has long been a great challenge for energy-efficient dinitrogen (N2) fixation; thus a reasonable design of reactive species to activate N2 under mild conditions is highly desirable and meaningful. Herein a novel N2 activation strategy of combining 5d early (E) and 3d late (L) transition metals (TMs) is proposed, which is verified by the facile and complete N≡N cleavage via the polarized Fe-Ta bond in gas-phase cluster FeTaC2-. The efficient N≡N cleavage benefits from an electronic-level design of highly strengthened donor-acceptor interactions, in which the 5d-ETM (Ta) mainly pushes electrons from occupied 5d-orbitals to N2 π*-orbitals while the 3d-LTM (Fe) simultaneously pulls electrons from N2 σ/π-orbitals to its unoccupied 3d-orbitals. Through employing 5d-ETM and 3d-LTM to play their respective roles, this work provides a new and versatile idea for activating the inert N≡N bond and inspires relevant design of TM-based catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Hui Mou
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China.,Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and CAS Research/Education Center of Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Yao Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China.,Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and CAS Research/Education Center of Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Zi-Yu Li
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.,Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and CAS Research/Education Center of Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Qing-Yu Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.,Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and CAS Research/Education Center of Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Hui Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.,Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and CAS Research/Education Center of Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Sheng-Gui He
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China.,Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and CAS Research/Education Center of Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
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35
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Niedner‐Schatteburg G, Kappes MM. Advancing Inorganic Coordination Chemistry by Spectroscopy of Isolated Molecules: Methods and Applications. Chemistry 2021; 27:15027-15042. [PMID: 34636096 PMCID: PMC8596414 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202102815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A unique feature of the work carried out in the Collaborative Research Center 3MET continues to be its emphasis on innovative, advanced experimental methods which hyphenate mass-selection with further analytical tools such as laser spectroscopy for the study of isolated molecular ions. This allows to probe the intrinsic properties of the species of interest free of perturbing solvent or matrix effects. This review explains these methods and uses examples from past and ongoing 3MET studies of specific classes of multicenter metal complexes to illustrate how coordination chemistry can be advanced by applying them. As a corollary, we will show how the challenges involved in providing well-defined, for example monoisomeric, samples of the molecular ions have helped to further improve the methods themselves thus also making them applicable to many other areas of chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Manfred M. Kappes
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Institute of NanotechnologyKarlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)76128KarlsruheGermany
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36
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Chu LY, Wang M, Ma JB. Conversion of carbon dioxide to a novel molecule NCNBO - mediated by NbBN 2- anions at room temperature. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:22613-22619. [PMID: 34596195 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp03613k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The activation of carbon dioxide (CO2) mediated by NbBN2- cluster anions under the conditions of thermal collision has been investigated by time-of-flight mass spectrometry combined with density functional theory calculations. Two CO double bonds in the CO2 molecule are completely broken and two C-N bonds are further generated to form the novel molecule NCNBO-. To the best of our knowledge, this new molecule is synthesized and reported for the first time. In addition, one oxygen atom transfer channel produces another product, NbBN2O-. Both of the Nb and B atoms in NbBN2- donate electrons to reduce CO2, and the carbon atom originating from CO2 serves as an electron reservoir. The reaction of NbB- with N2 was also investigated theoretically, and the formation of NbBN2- from this reaction is thermodynamically and kinetically quite favorable, indicating that NCNBO- might be produced from the coupling of N2 and CO2 mediated by NbB- anions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan-Ye Chu
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, China.
| | - Ming Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, China.
| | - Jia-Bi Ma
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, China.
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37
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Megha, Banerjee A, Ghanty TK. Adsorption and activation of CO2 molecule on subnanometer-sized anionic vanadium carbide clusters V C4− (n = 1–6): A theoretical study. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2021.111871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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38
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Jiang GD, Li ZY, Mou LH, He SG. Dual Iron Sites in Activation of N 2 by Iron-Sulfur Cluster Anions Fe 5S 2- and Fe 5S 3. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:9269-9274. [PMID: 34533969 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c02683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Inspired by the fact that the active centers of natural nitrogenases are polynuclear iron-sulfur clusters, the reactivity of isolated iron-sulfur clusters toward N2 has received considerable attention to gain fundamental insights into the activation of the N≡N triple bond. Herein, a series of gas-phase iron-sulfur cluster anions FexSy- (x = 1-8, y = 0-x) were prepared and their reactivities toward N2 were investigated systematically by mass spectrometry. Among the 44 investigated clusters, only Fe5S2- and Fe5S3- showed superior reactivity toward N2. Theoretical results revealed that N2 binds molecularly to the iron sites of Fe5S2,3- in a common end-on coordination mode with an unprecedented back-donation interaction from the localized d-d bonding orbitals of Fe-Fe sites to the π* antibonding orbitals of N2. This is the first example to disclose the significant contribution of the dual metal sites rather than the single metal atom to N2 adsorption in the prevalent end-on binding mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Duo Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and CAS Research/Education Center of Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Zi-Yu Li
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and CAS Research/Education Center of Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Li-Hui Mou
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and CAS Research/Education Center of Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Sheng-Gui He
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and CAS Research/Education Center of Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
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39
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Gutsev GL, Aldoshin SM, Gutsev LG, Ramachandran BR. Evolution of Ferromagnetic and Antiferromagnetic States in Iron Nitride Clusters Fe nN and Fe nN 2 ( n = 1-10). J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:7891-7899. [PMID: 34464135 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c05769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
First-principles density functional theory calculations on neutral and singly negatively and positively charged iron clusters Fen and iron nitride clusters FenN and FenN2 (n = 1-10) in the range of 1 ≤ n ≤ 10 revealed that there is a strong competition between ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic states especially in the FenN20,±1 cluster series. This phenomenon was related to superexchange via a bridging N atom between two iron atoms in the FenN20,±1 cluster series and to a double superexchange effect via a Fe atom shared by two N atoms in the FenN20,±1 series. A thorough examination of the structure-energy-spin state relationships in these clusters is conducted, leading to new insights and confirmation of available experimental results on structural parameters and dissociation energetics. The bond energies of both nitrogen atoms in the FenN2 series are approximately the same. They weakly depend on the charge of the host cluster and fluctuate around 5.5 eV when moving along the series. The energy of N2 desorption is relatively small; it varies by about 1.0 eV and depends on the charge of the cluster. The experimental finding that N2 dissociates on the Fen+ clusters beginning with n = 4 was supported by the results of our computations. Our computed values of the Fen+-N bonding energies agree with the experimental data within the experimental uncertainty bars. It was found that the attachment of one or two N atoms does not seriously affect the polarizability, electron affinity, or ionization energy of the host iron clusters independent of the charge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gennady L Gutsev
- Department of Physics, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, Florida 32307, United States
| | - Sergey M Aldoshin
- Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics of Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka 142432, Russia
| | - Lavrenty G Gutsev
- Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics of Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka 142432, Russia.,Institute for Micromanufacturing, Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, Louisiana 71272, United States
| | - Bala R Ramachandran
- Institute for Micromanufacturing, Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, Louisiana 71272, United States
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40
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Wang M, Zhou HY, Messinis AM, Chu LY, Li Y, Ma JB. Nitrogen Activation and Transformation on Monometallic Niobium Boron Oxide Cluster Anions at Room Temperature: A Dual-Site Mechanism. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:6313-6319. [PMID: 34228457 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c01633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Dinitrogen activation and transformation at room temperature is a goal that has been long sought after. Despite that, it remains underdeveloped due to being a challenging research area and the need for a better mechanistic understanding. Herein, we report that well-defined NbB3O2- gas-phase clusters can activate one N2 molecule and generate the products B3N2O- and B3N2O2-, as applying mass spectrometry and theoretical calculations. This unusual N2 activation reaction results from the different functions of the Nb and B3O2 moieties in NbB3O2-. Theoretical calculations suggest that a catalytic cycle can be completed by the recovery of NbB3O2-, which is achieved through the reactions of Nb and NbO with B3O2- and B3O-, respectively. This is the first example of N2 efficient transformation at a monometallic cluster, and this method for generating dual active sites by designing proper ligands may open the way toward the development of more effective N2 fixation and functionalization methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Hai-Yan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Antonis M Messinis
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - Lan-Ye Chu
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Ying Li
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Jia-Bi Ma
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, China
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41
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Wang YY, Ding XL, Israel Gurti J, Chen Y, Li W, Wang X, Wang WJ, Deng JJ. Non-Dissociative Activation of Chemisorbed Dinitrogen on One or Two Vanadium Atoms Supported by a Mo 6 S 8 Cluster. Chemphyschem 2021; 22:1645-1654. [PMID: 34050588 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202100195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Adsorption of N2 on Mo6 S8 q _Vx clusters (x=0, 1, 2; q=0, ±1) were systematically studied by density functional theory calculations with dispersion corrections. It was found that the N2 can be chemisorbed and undergo non-dissociative activation on single or double metal atoms. The adsorption and activation are influenced by metal types (V or Mo), N2 coordination modes and charge states of the clusters. Particularly, anionic Mo6 S8 - _V2 clusters have remarkable ability to fix and activate N2 . In Mo6 S8 - _V2 , two V atoms prefer to adsorb on two adjacent S-Mo-S hollow sites, leading to the formation of a supported V…V unit. The N2 is bridged side-on coordinated with these two V atoms with high adsorption energy and significant charge transfer. The bond order, bond length and vibration frequency of the adsorbed N2 are close to those of a N-N single bond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ya Wang
- School of Mathematics and Physics, North China Electric Power University, Beinong Road 2, Huilongguan, Beijing, 102206, P. R. China.,Institute of Clusters and Low Dimensional Nanomaterials, North China Electric Power University, Beinong Road 2, Huilongguan, Beijing, 102206, P. R. China.,School of New Energy, North China Electric Power University, Beinong Road 2, Huilongguan, Beijing, 102206, P. R. China
| | - Xun-Lei Ding
- School of Mathematics and Physics, North China Electric Power University, Beinong Road 2, Huilongguan, Beijing, 102206, P. R. China.,Institute of Clusters and Low Dimensional Nanomaterials, North China Electric Power University, Beinong Road 2, Huilongguan, Beijing, 102206, P. R. China
| | - Joseph Israel Gurti
- School of Mathematics and Physics, North China Electric Power University, Beinong Road 2, Huilongguan, Beijing, 102206, P. R. China.,Institute of Clusters and Low Dimensional Nanomaterials, North China Electric Power University, Beinong Road 2, Huilongguan, Beijing, 102206, P. R. China
| | - Yan Chen
- School of Mathematics and Physics, North China Electric Power University, Beinong Road 2, Huilongguan, Beijing, 102206, P. R. China.,Institute of Clusters and Low Dimensional Nanomaterials, North China Electric Power University, Beinong Road 2, Huilongguan, Beijing, 102206, P. R. China.,School of New Energy, North China Electric Power University, Beinong Road 2, Huilongguan, Beijing, 102206, P. R. China
| | - Wei Li
- School of Mathematics and Physics, North China Electric Power University, Beinong Road 2, Huilongguan, Beijing, 102206, P. R. China.,Institute of Clusters and Low Dimensional Nanomaterials, North China Electric Power University, Beinong Road 2, Huilongguan, Beijing, 102206, P. R. China
| | - Xin Wang
- School of Mathematics and Physics, North China Electric Power University, Beinong Road 2, Huilongguan, Beijing, 102206, P. R. China.,Institute of Clusters and Low Dimensional Nanomaterials, North China Electric Power University, Beinong Road 2, Huilongguan, Beijing, 102206, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Jie Wang
- School of Mathematics and Physics, North China Electric Power University, Beinong Road 2, Huilongguan, Beijing, 102206, P. R. China.,Institute of Clusters and Low Dimensional Nanomaterials, North China Electric Power University, Beinong Road 2, Huilongguan, Beijing, 102206, P. R. China
| | - Jia-Jun Deng
- School of Mathematics and Physics, North China Electric Power University, Beinong Road 2, Huilongguan, Beijing, 102206, P. R. China.,Institute of Clusters and Low Dimensional Nanomaterials, North China Electric Power University, Beinong Road 2, Huilongguan, Beijing, 102206, P. R. China
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42
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Zhao YX, Zhao XG, Yang Y, Ruan M, He SG. Rhodium chemistry: A gas phase cluster study. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:180901. [PMID: 34241019 DOI: 10.1063/5.0046529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the extraordinary catalytic activity in redox reactions, the noble metal, rhodium, has substantial industrial and laboratory applications in the production of value-added chemicals, synthesis of biomedicine, removal of automotive exhaust gas, and so on. The main drawback of rhodium catalysts is its high-cost, so it is of great importance to maximize the atomic efficiency of the precious metal by recognizing the structure-activity relationship of catalytically active sites and clarifying the root cause of the exceptional performance. This Perspective concerns the significant progress on the fundamental understanding of rhodium chemistry at a strictly molecular level by the joint experimental and computational study of the reactivity of isolated Rh-based gas phase clusters that can serve as ideal models for the active sites of condensed-phase catalysts. The substrates cover the important organic and inorganic molecules including CH4, CO, NO, N2, and H2. The electronic origin for the reactivity evolution of bare Rhx q clusters as a function of size is revealed. The doping effect and support effect as well as the synergistic effect among heteroatoms on the reactivity and product selectivity of Rh-containing species are discussed. The ingenious employment of diverse experimental techniques to assist the Rh1- and Rh2-doped clusters in catalyzing the challenging endothermic reactions is also emphasized. It turns out that the chemical behavior of Rh identified from the gas phase cluster study parallels the performance of condensed-phase rhodium catalysts. The mechanistic aspects derived from Rh-based cluster systems may provide new clues for the design of better performing rhodium catalysts including the single Rh atom catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Xia Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi-Guan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Man Ruan
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng-Gui He
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
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43
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Liu YZ, Chen JJ, Li XN, He SG. Activation of Carbon Dioxide by CoCD n- ( n = 0-4) Anions. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:3710-3717. [PMID: 33899469 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c02229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Laser ablation generated CoCDn- (n = 0-4) anions were mass selected and then reacted with CO2 in an ion trap reactor. The reactions were characterized by mass spectrometry and quantum chemical calculations. The experimental results demonstrated that the CoC- anion can convert CO2 into CO. In contrast, the bare Co- anion is inert toward CO2. Coordinated D ligands can modify the reactivity of CoCD1-4- in which CoCD1-3- can reduce CO2 into CO selectively and CoCD4- can only adsorb CO2. The crucial roles of the coordinated C and D ligands to tune the reactivity of CoCDn- (n = 0-4) toward CO2 were rationalized by theoretical calculations. Note that the hydrogenation process that is usually observed in the reactions of gas-phase metal hydrides with CO2 is completely suppressed for the reactions CoCDn- + CO2. This study provides insights into the molecular-level origin for the observations that CO can be selectively generated from CO2 catalyzed by cobalt-containing carbides in heterogeneous catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Zhu Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.,Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and CAS Research/Education Center of Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jiao-Jiao Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.,Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and CAS Research/Education Center of Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xiao-Na Li
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and CAS Research/Education Center of Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Sheng-Gui He
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.,Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and CAS Research/Education Center of Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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44
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Wang M, Chu LY, Li ZY, Messinis AM, Ding YQ, Hu L, Ma JB. Dinitrogen and Carbon Dioxide Activation to Form C-N Bonds at Room Temperature: A New Mechanism Revealed by Experimental and Theoretical Studies. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:3490-3496. [PMID: 33792315 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c00183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In light of the current energy requirements, the conversion of CO2 and N2 into useful C-N bond-containing products under mild conditions has become an area of intense research. However, the inert nature of N2 and CO2 renders their coupling extremely challenging. Herein, nitrogen and carbon atoms originating from N2 and CO2, respectively, are fixed sequentially by NbH2- anions in the gas phase at room temperature. Isocyanate and NbO2CN- anions were formed under thermal collision conditions, thus achieving the formation of new C-N bonds directly from simple N2 and CO2. The anion structures and reaction details were studied by mass spectrometry, photoelectron spectroscopy, and quantum chemical calculations. A novel N2 activation mode (metal-ligand activation, MLA) and a related mechanism for constructing C-N bonds mediated by a single non-noble metal atom are proposed. In this MLA mode, the C atom originating from CO2 serves as an electron reservoir to accept and donate electrons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Lan-Ye Chu
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Zi-Yu Li
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Antonis M Messinis
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - Yong-Qi Ding
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Lianrui Hu
- School of Science and Research Center for Advanced Computation, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China
| | - Jia-Bi Ma
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, China
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45
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Wang M, Zhao CY, Zhou HY, Zhao Y, Li YK, Ma JB. The sequential activation of H 2 and N 2 mediated by the gas-phase Sc 3N + clusters: Formation of amido unit. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:054307. [PMID: 33557555 DOI: 10.1063/5.0029180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The activation and hydrogenation of nitrogen are central in industry and in nature. Through a combination of mass spectrometry and quantum chemical calculations, this work reports an interesting result that scandium nitride cations Sc3N+ can activate sequentially H2 and N2, and an amido unit (NH2) is formed based on density functional theory calculations, which is one of the inevitable intermediates in the N2 reduction reactions. If the activation step is reversed, i.e., sequential activation of first N2 and then H2, the reactivity decreases dramatically. An association mechanism, prevalent in some homogeneous catalysis and enzymatic mechanisms, is adopted in these gas-phase H2 and N2 activation reactions mediated by Sc3N+ cations. The mechanistic insights are important to understand the mechanism of the conversion of H2 and N2 to NH3 synthesis under ambient conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, 100081 Beijing, China
| | - Chong-Yang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, 100081 Beijing, China
| | - Hai-Yan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, 100081 Beijing, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, 100081 Beijing, China
| | - Ya-Ke Li
- Wilhelm-Ostwald Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie Universität Leipzig Linnéstr. 2, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jia-Bi Ma
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, 100081 Beijing, China
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46
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Mou LH, Li Y, Li ZY, Liu QY, Ren Y, Chen H, He SG. Dinitrogen Activation and Functionalization by Heteronuclear Metal Cluster Anions FeV 2C 2- at Room Temperature. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:9990-9994. [PMID: 33179926 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c02921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
It is of great importance to study the mechanisms to activate dinitrogen (N2), the very inert molecule, under mild conditions. Gas-phase metal clusters are being actively generated to react with N2 to identify new reaction types and mechanisms. Herein, an unprecedented, mechanistically unique metal atom (Fe or V) ejection in the thermal reaction of FeV2C2- with N2 has been identified using mass spectrometry, photoelectron imaging spectroscopy, and quantum chemistry calculations. Strong evidence suggests that the complete cleavage of the N≡N triple bond and subsequent functionalization of two N atoms via C-N coupling were achieved in this reaction. The complementary cooperation between V atoms with strong electron-donating ability and an Fe atom with large electron-withdrawing ability as well as the geometric flexibility of the Fe-V-V ring drives the whole reaction. The important role of C ligands in N≡N cleavage was also revealed. This study emphasizes the importance of heteronuclear metal systems for N2 fixation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Hui Mou
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and CAS Research/Education Center of Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Yao Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and CAS Research/Education Center of Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Zi-Yu Li
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and CAS Research/Education Center of Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Qing-Yu Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and CAS Research/Education Center of Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Yi Ren
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and CAS Research/Education Center of Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Hui Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and CAS Research/Education Center of Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Sheng-Gui He
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and CAS Research/Education Center of Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
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47
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Li M, Cui Y, Zhang X, Luo Y, Dai Y, Huang Y. Screening a Suitable Mo Form Supported on Graphdiyne for Effectively Electrocatalytic N 2 Reduction Reaction: From Atomic Catalyst to Cluster Catalyst. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:8128-8137. [PMID: 32897081 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c02354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Single-atom catalysts (SACs) stand out from the atomically dispersed catalysts due to their high specific activity and 100% atomic utilization ratio. However, besides inheriting most of the advantages of SACs, multiple-atom centered site catalysts not only boost higher metal atom loading but also provide more flexible active sites. In this work, by using spin-polarized density functional theory calculations, we systematically investigated the electrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction (eNRR) performance catalyzed by Mox (x = 1-4) supported on graphdiyne (GDY). Our results showed that N2 was favorably adsorbed on the substrates via a well-known "acceptance-donation" mechanism, which can be deeply understood by good multiple linear regressions between the adsorption Gibbs free energy of N2 and lengths or integrated crystal orbital Hamilton populations of Mo-N and N-N bonds. According to the designed screening criteria, Mo3@GDY was found to be most active toward NRR with high selectivity and stability. The predicted onset potential was only -0.32 V. The activity originates from a moderate N adsorption energy, which can balance the thermodynamics of the two potential potential-determining steps, i.e., N2 + H+ + e- = *N2H and *NH2 + H+ + e- = NH3. Moreover, the GDY serves as an electron reservoir during the whole NRR process, where it can provide electrons or accept electrons arbitrarily depending on the need of each elementary step, suggesting that the GDY sheet is a very suitable platform for electrocatalysis applications. The superior electrocatalytic performance of the triple-atom catalyst compared to that of the SACs, double-atom catalyst, and the quadruple-atom cluster catalyst toward NRR offers a huge opportunity for the exploration of a new generation of electrochemical catalysts, where the metal clusters should be highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyuan Li
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Clean Energy of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Cui
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Clean Energy of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Clean Energy of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Luo
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Clean Energy of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxin Dai
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Clean Energy of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yucheng Huang
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Clean Energy of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, People's Republic of China
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48
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-hui Mou
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and CAS Research/Education Center of Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Gui-duo Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and CAS Research/Education Center of Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Zi-yu Li
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and CAS Research/Education Center of Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Sheng-gui He
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and CAS Research/Education Center of Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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49
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Cui C, Jia Y, Zhang H, Geng L, Luo Z. Plasma-Assisted Chain Reactions of Rh 3+ Clusters with Dinitrogen: N≡N Bond Dissociation. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:8222-8230. [PMID: 32902294 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c02218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Dinitrogen activation is known as one of the most challenging subjects in chemistry. A number of well-defined metal complexes, nitrides, and clusters have been studied that show catalysis for dinitrogen activation. However, direct evidence of a complete cleavage of the N≡N triple bond at mild conditions is rather limited to date. Herein, we report a study on the dissociation of N2 on small rhodium clusters assisted by surface plasma radiation. From mass spectrometry observation, a few rhodium nitride clusters with an odd number of nitrogen atoms are produced, such as the Rh3N2m-1+ (m = 1-5) series, indicative of N≡N bond dissociation in the mild plasma atmosphere. Interestingly, Rh3N7+ is identified with outstanding mass abundance among the RhnN2m-1+ products, and its ground-state structure is in the form of Rh3N(N2)3+ by capping a nitrogen atom on the top of Rh3+ plane and hanging three N2 molecules beneath the three Rh atoms respectively, giving rise to a C3v symmetry and excellent stability. We demonstrate the catalysis of such a three-atom rhodium cluster and reveal a dinitrogen activation strategy by thermodynamics- and dynamics- favorable chain reactions of multiple N2 molecules with two rhodium clusters under plasma atmosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaonan Cui
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
| | - Yuhan Jia
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Hanyu Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
| | - Lijun Geng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
| | - Zhixun Luo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
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50
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Jiang GD, Mou LH, Chen JJ, Li ZY, He SG. Reactivity of Neutral Tantalum Sulfide Clusters Ta 3S n ( n = 0-4) with N 2. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:7749-7755. [PMID: 32840105 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c06462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N2) fixation is a challenging and vital issue in chemistry. Inspired by the fact that the active sites of nitrogenases are polynuclear metal sulfide clusters, the reactivity of gas-phase metal sulfide clusters toward N2 has received considerable attention to gain fundamental insights into nitrogen fixation. Herein, neutral tantalum sulfide clusters have been prepared and their reactivity toward N2 has been investigated by mass spectrometry in conjunction with density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The experimental results showed that Ta3Sn (n = 0-3) could adsorb N2, while Ta3S4 was inert to N2. The DFT calculations revealed that the complete cleavage of the N≡N bond on the trinuclear metal center in the Ta3S0-3/N2 reaction systems was overall barrierless under thermal collision conditions. The sulfur ligands can facilitate the approaching of N2 toward the metal center but weaken the electron-donating ability of the metal center. The inertness of Ta3S4 is ascribed to the electron-deficient state of Ta3 in Ta3S4 and the least effective orbital interaction in the Ta3S4/N2 couple. This study provides new insights into the ligand effect on the interaction of the metal clusters with N2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Duo Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China.,Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and CAS Research/Education Center of Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Li-Hui Mou
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China.,Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and CAS Research/Education Center of Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Jiao-Jiao Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China.,Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and CAS Research/Education Center of Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Zi-Yu Li
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.,Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and CAS Research/Education Center of Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Sheng-Gui He
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China.,Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and CAS Research/Education Center of Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
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