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Zhou L, Zhou S, Liu X, Ma J, Zhang T, Li K, Chang Y, Shen W, Li M, He R. Embedding Te 4+ into Sn 4+-Based Metal Halide To Passivate Structure Defects for High-Performance Light-Emitting Application. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:10335-10345. [PMID: 38768637 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c01185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Low-dimensional lead-halide hybrids are an emerging class of optical functional material but suffer the problems of toxicity and poor air stability. Among lead-free metal halides, tin(IV)-based metal halides are promising optoelectronic materials due to their robust structure and environmental friendliness. However, their photoluminescence (PL) properties are poor, and the underlying mechanisms are still elusive. Herein, a stable Sn4+-based halide hybrid, (C4H7N2)2SnCl6, was developed, which however exhibits poor PL properties at room temperature (RT) due to the lattice defects and the robust crystal structure. To enhance its PL efficiency, the Te4+ ion with a stereoactive 5s2 lone pair has been introduced into the lattice. As a result, Te4+-doped (C4H7N2)2SnCl6 displays broadband orange emission (∼640 nm) with a PL efficiency of ∼46% at RT. Interestingly, Te4+-doped (C4H7N2)2SnCl6 shows triple emission bands at 80 K, which could be due to the synergistic effect of the organic cations and the self-trapped state induced by Te4+. Additionally, high-performance white light-emitting diodes were prepared using Te4+-doped (C4H7N2)2SnCl6, revealing the potential of this material for lighting applications. This study provides new insight into the PL mechanism of Sn4+-based metal-halide hybrids and thus facilitates the design and development of eco-friendly light-emitting metal halides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft-Matter Material Chemistry and Function Manufacturing, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Shuigen Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft-Matter Material Chemistry and Function Manufacturing, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xiaowei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft-Matter Material Chemistry and Function Manufacturing, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Junhao Ma
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft-Matter Material Chemistry and Function Manufacturing, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft-Matter Material Chemistry and Function Manufacturing, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Kailei Li
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft-Matter Material Chemistry and Function Manufacturing, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yuanyuan Chang
- Institute of Materials Science and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Wei Shen
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft-Matter Material Chemistry and Function Manufacturing, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Ming Li
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft-Matter Material Chemistry and Function Manufacturing, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Rongxing He
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft-Matter Material Chemistry and Function Manufacturing, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
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2
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Liu X, Li K, Shao W, Shen W, Li M, Zhou L, He R. Revealing the Structure-Luminescence Relationship in Robust Sn(IV)-Based Metal Halides by Sb 3+ Doping. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:5158-5166. [PMID: 38456436 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c00117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Low-dimensional hybrid metal halides are an emerging class of materials with highly efficient photoluminescence (PL), but the problems of poor stability remain challenging. Sn(IV)-based metal halides show robust structure but exhibit poor PL properties, and the structure-luminescence relationship is elusive. Herein, two Sn(IV)-based metal halides (compounds 1 and 2) with the same constituent ((C6H16N2)SnCl6) but different crystal structures have been prepared, which however show poor PL properties at room temperature due to the absence of active ns2 electrons. To improve materials' PL properties, Sb3+ with active 5s2 electrons was embedded into the lattice of Sn4+-based hosts. As a result, efficient emissions were achieved for Sb3+-doped compounds 1 and 2 with a maximum PL efficiency of 14.28 and 62%, respectively. Experimental and calculation results reveal that the smaller distorted lattice structure of the host could result in the blueshift of the emission from Sb3+. Thus, a tunable color from red to orange was realized. Benefiting from the broadband efficient emission from Sb3+-doped compound 2, an efficient white light-emitting diode with a high color rendering index of up to 92.3 was fabricated to demonstrate its lighting application potential. This work promotes the understanding of the influence of robust Sn(IV)-based host lattice on the PL properties of Sb3+, advancing the development of environmentally friendly, low-cost, and high-efficiency Sn(IV)-based metal halides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Kailei Li
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Wei Shao
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Wei Shen
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Ming Li
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Rongxing He
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
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3
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Xiao G, Ma YJ, Qi Z, Fang X, Chen T, Yan D. A flexible ligand and halogen engineering enable one phosphor-based full-color persistent luminescence in hybrid perovskitoids. Chem Sci 2024; 15:3625-3632. [PMID: 38455006 PMCID: PMC10915845 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc06845e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Color-tunable room temperature phosphorescent (RTP) materials have raised wide interest due to their potential application in the fields of encryption and anti-counterfeiting. Herein, a series of CdX2-organic hybrid perovskitoids, (H-apim)CdX3 and (apim)CdX2 (denoted as CdX-apim1 and CdX-apim2, apim = 1-(3-aminopropyl)imidazole, X = Cl, Br), were synthesized using apim with both rigid and flexible groups as ligands, which exhibit naked-eye detectable RTP with different durations and colors (from cyan to red) by virtue of different halogen atoms, coordination modes and the coplanar configuration of flexible groups. Interestingly, CdCl-apim1 and CdX-apim2 both exhibit excitation wavelength-dependent RTP properties, which can be attributed to the multiple excitation of imidazole/apim, the diverse interactions with halogen atoms, and aggregated state of imidazoles. Structural analysis and theoretical calculations confirm that the aminopropyl groups in CdCl-apim1 do not participate in luminescence, while those in CdCl-apim2 are involved in luminescence including both metal/halogen to ligand charge transfer and twisted intramolecular charge transfer. Furthermore, we demonstrate that these perovskitoids can be applied in multi-step anti-counterfeiting, information encryption and smart ink fields. This work not only develops a new type of perovskitoid with full-color persistent luminescence, but also provides new insight into the effect of flexible ligands and halogen engineering on the wide-range modulation of RTP properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guowei Xiao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials and Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 P. R. China
| | - Yu-Juan Ma
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials and Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 P. R. China
| | - Zhenhong Qi
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials and Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Fang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials and Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 P. R. China
| | - Tianhong Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials and Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 P. R. China
| | - Dongpeng Yan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials and Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 P. R. China
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4
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Jiang Y, Yin J, Xi R, Fei H. Promoting the formation of metal-carboxylate coordination to modulate the dimensionality of ultrastable lead halide hybrids. Chem Sci 2024; 15:2848-2856. [PMID: 38404382 PMCID: PMC10882486 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc04969h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Crystal engineering of metal halide hybrids is critical to investigate their structure-property relationship and advance their photophysical applications, but there have been limited efforts to employ coordination chemistry to precisely control the dimensionality of metal halide sublattices. Herein, we present a coordination-assembly synthetic strategy developed for the rational modulation of lead halide dimensionality, realizing the transition from 2D to 3D architectures. This manipulation is achieved by utilizing three organocarboxylates featuring the identical cyclohexane backbone unit. Specifically, the 1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylate and 1,2,4,5-cyclohexanetetracarboxylate ligands facilitate the formation of quasi-2D layered structures, characterized by weakly corrugated and strongly corrugated lead halide layers, respectively. Importantly, the introduction of the 1,2,3,4,5,6-cyclohexanehexacarboxylate ligand results in coordination architectures featuring 3D lead chloride/bromide sublattices. The formation of the 3D coordination architectures templated by the 1,2,3,4,5,6-cyclohexanehexacarboxylate ligand affords extended wavelength coverage and superior carrier transport properties compared to their quasi-2D layered analogues. Importantly, both the 2D and 3D lead halide-based coordination polymers exhibit high aqueous stability over a wide pH range, outperforming the conventional ionic-bound lead halides. Notably, the chemically stable 3D lead bromide exhibits efficient photocatalytic ethylbenzene oxidation with the conversion rate of 498 μmol g-1 h-1, substantially higher than its 2D lead bromide counterparts. This work highlights the important role of coordination chemistry in the rational design of metal halide hybrids, which is crucial for advancing their photophysical properties and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilin Jiang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University 1239 Siping Rd. Shanghai 200092 China
| | - Jinlin Yin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University 1239 Siping Rd. Shanghai 200092 China
| | - Ruonan Xi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University 1239 Siping Rd. Shanghai 200092 China
| | - Honghan Fei
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University 1239 Siping Rd. Shanghai 200092 China
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5
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Azmy A, Zhao X, Angeli GK, Welton C, Raval P, Wojtas L, Zibouche N, Manjunatha Reddy GN, Trikalitis PN, Cai J, Spanopoulos I. One-Year Water-Stable and Porous Bi(III) Halide Semiconductor with Broad-Spectrum Antibacterial Performance. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:42717-42729. [PMID: 37639320 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c06394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid metal halide semiconductors are a unique family of materials with immense potential for numerous applications. For this to materialize, environmental stability and toxicity deficiencies must be simultaneously addressed. We report here a porous, visible light semiconductor, namely, (DHS)Bi2I8 (DHS = [2.2.2] cryptand), which consists of nontoxic, earth-abundant elements, and is water-stable for more than a year. Gas- and vapor-sorption studies revealed that it can selectively and reversibly adsorb H2O and D2O at room temperature (RT) while remaining impervious to N2 and CO2. Solid-state NMR measurements and density functional theory (DFT) calculations verified the incorporation of H2O and D2O in the molecular cages, validating the porous nature. In addition to porosity, the material exhibits broad band-edge light emission centered at 600 nm with a full width at half-maximum (fwhm) of 99 nm, which is maintained after 6 months of immersion in H2O. Moreover, (DHS)Bi2I8 exhibits bacteriocidal action against three Gram-positive and three Gram-negative bacteria, including antibiotic-resistant strains. This performance, coupled with the recorded water stability and porous nature, renders it suitable for a plethora of applications, from solid-state batteries to water purification and disinfection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Azmy
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
| | - Xue Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
| | - Giasemi K Angeli
- Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Claire Welton
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille Institut, Univ. Artois, UMR8181-UCCS-Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Parth Raval
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille Institut, Univ. Artois, UMR8181-UCCS-Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Lukasz Wojtas
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
| | - Nourdine Zibouche
- Department of Chemistry, Lancaster University, Bailrigg, LancasterLA1 4YB, U.K
| | - G N Manjunatha Reddy
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille Institut, Univ. Artois, UMR8181-UCCS-Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide, F-59000 Lille, France
| | | | - Jianfeng Cai
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
| | - Ioannis Spanopoulos
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
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6
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Azmy A, Li S, Angeli GK, Welton C, Raval P, Li M, Zibouche N, Wojtas L, Reddy GNM, Guo P, Trikalitis PN, Spanopoulos I. Porous and Water Stable 2D Hybrid Metal Halide with Broad Light Emission and Selective H 2 O Vapor Sorption. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202218429. [PMID: 36656785 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202218429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
In this work we report a strategy for generating porosity in hybrid metal halide materials using molecular cages that serve as both structure-directing agents and counter-cations. Reaction of the [2.2.2] cryptand (DHS) linker with PbII in acidic media gave rise to the first porous and water-stable 2D metal halide semiconductor (DHS)2 Pb5 Br14 . The corresponding material is stable in water for a year, while gas and vapor-sorption studies revealed that it can selectively and reversibly adsorb H2 O and D2 O at room temperature (RT). Solid-state NMR measurements and DFT calculations verified the incorporation of H2 O and D2 O in the organic linker cavities and shed light on their molecular configuration. In addition to porosity, the material exhibits broad light emission centered at 617 nm with a full width at half-maximum (FWHM) of 284 nm (0.96 eV). The recorded water stability is unparalleled for hybrid metal halide and perovskite materials, while the generation of porosity opens new pathways towards unexplored applications (e.g. solid-state batteries) for this class of hybrid semiconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Azmy
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
| | - Shunran Li
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, 9 Hillhouse Avenue, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.,Energy Sciences Institute, Yale University, 810 West Campus Drive, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
| | - Giasemi K Angeli
- Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, 71003, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Claire Welton
- University of Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille Institut, Univ. Artois, UMR8181-UCCS-Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Parth Raval
- University of Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille Institut, Univ. Artois, UMR8181-UCCS-Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Min Li
- West Campus Materials Characterization Core, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | | | - Lukasz Wojtas
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
| | - G N Manjunatha Reddy
- University of Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille Institut, Univ. Artois, UMR8181-UCCS-Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Peijun Guo
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, 9 Hillhouse Avenue, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.,Energy Sciences Institute, Yale University, 810 West Campus Drive, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
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7
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Wei Y, Li C, Li Y, Luo Z, Wu X, Liu Y, Zhang L, He X, Wang W, Quan Z. Circularly Polarized Luminescence from Zero-Dimensional Hybrid Lead-Tin Bromide with Near-Unity Photoluminescence Quantum Yield. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202212685. [PMID: 36269276 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202212685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Zero-dimensional (0D) hybrid metal halides with perfect host-guest structures are promising candidates to construct circularly polarized luminescence (CPL)-active materials. However, it still remains challenging to obtain 0D chiral metal halides with simultaneously strong CPL and high photoluminescence quantum yield. Here, a new enantiomeric pair of 0D hybrid lead-tin bromides, (RR/SS-C6 N2 H16 )2 Pb0.968 Sn0.032 Br6 ⋅ 2H2 O (R/S-PbSnBr ⋅ H2 O), is reported. The R/S-PbSnBr ⋅ H2 O compounds not only show intriguing self-trapped exciton emissions with near-unity quantum yield, but also present intense CPL with a dissymmetry factor glum of ±3.0×10-3 . Such CPL activities originate from the asymmetric [SnBr6 ]4- luminophores in R/S-PbSnBr ⋅ H2 O, due to the induced structural chirality by the organic ligands via N-H⋅⋅⋅Br hydrogen bonds. Furthermore, CPL emissions with tunable colors from R/S-PbSnBr ⋅ H2 O and dehydrated compounds are reversibly observed, which extends their chiroptical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wei
- Department of Chemistry and Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Chen Li
- Department of Chemistry and Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yawen Li
- Department of Chemistry and Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Zhishan Luo
- Department of Chemistry and Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yulian Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Liming Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xin He
- Department of Chemistry and Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Zewei Quan
- Department of Chemistry and Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, 518055, China
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8
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Huang D, Ouyang Q, Wu J, Kong Y, Wang B, Lian H, Lin J. Growth of SnX 2 (X = Br, I) Single Crystals with Self-Trapped Exciton Emission. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:17767-17776. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c03058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dayu Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun130022, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of In-Fiber Integrated Optics, Ministry Education of China, and College of Physics and Opotoelectronic Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin150001, P. R. China
| | - Qiuyun Ouyang
- Key Laboratory of In-Fiber Integrated Optics, Ministry Education of China, and College of Physics and Opotoelectronic Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin150001, P. R. China
| | - Jinjiang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun130022, P. R. China
| | - Youchao Kong
- Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Macao SAR999078, P. R. China
| | - Bo Wang
- Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Macao SAR999078, P. R. China
| | - Hongzhou Lian
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun130022, P. R. China
| | - Jun Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun130022, P. R. China
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9
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Mandal A, Roy S, Mondal A, Gupta S, Pal B, Bhattacharyya S. Spacer Switched Two-Dimensional Tin Bromide Perovskites Leading to Ambient-Stable Near-Unity Photoluminescence Quantum Yield. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:9103-9113. [PMID: 36154102 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c02500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Semiconductor nanostructures with near-unity photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQYs) are imperative for light-emitting diodes and display devices. A PLQY of 99.7 ± 0.3% has been obtained by stabilizing 91% Sn2+ in the Dion-Jacobson (8N8)SnBr4 (8N8-DJ) perovskite with 1,8-diaminooctane (8N8) spacer. The PLQY is favored by a longer spacer molecule and out-of-plane octahedral tilting. The PLQY shows one-month ambient stability under high relative humidity (RH) and temperature. With n-octylamine (8N) spacer, Ruddlesden-Popper (8N)2SnBr4 (8N-RP) also shows PLQY of 91.7 ± 0.6%, but it has poor ambient stability. The 5-300 K PL experiments decipher the self-trapped excitons (STEs) where the self-trapping depth is 25.6 ± 0.4 meV below the conduction band because of strong carrier-phonon coupling. The microsecond long-lived STE dominates over the band edge (BE) peaks at lower excitation wavelengths and higher temperatures. The higher PLQY and stability of 8N8-DJ are due to the stronger interaction between SnBr64- octahedra and 8N8 spacer, leading to a rigid structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnab Mandal
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Centre for Advanced Functional Materials, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, India
| | - Samrat Roy
- Department of Physical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, India
| | - Anamika Mondal
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Centre for Advanced Functional Materials, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, India
| | - Shresth Gupta
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Centre for Advanced Functional Materials, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, India
| | - Bipul Pal
- Department of Physical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, India
| | - Sayan Bhattacharyya
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Centre for Advanced Functional Materials, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, India
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10
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Xue C, Huang H, Nishihara S, Biju V, Ren XM, Nakamura T. Inorganic Chain Mediated Excitonic Properties in One-Dimensional Lead Halide Hybrid Perovskites. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:7405-7412. [PMID: 35927064 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c01978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Semiconductors that emit intrinsic white light are considered next-generation lighting sources. Herein, the broadband emission of one-dimensional (1D) lead halide perovskites, TMAPbBr3-xIx (x = 0, 1, 1.5, 2, 3; TMA+ = tetramethylammonium), is systematically investigated. Lattice distortion causes the conversion of dark excitons to bright self-trapped excitons. Owing to its strongly localized exciton recombination and high absorption probability, TMAPbBr3 is the most viable in this family. A delocalized hole increases the nonradiative recombination rate of excitons in TMAPbBr3-xIx alloys. In 1D TMAPbBr3-xIx perovskites, the vibration mode of the Pb-X bond stretching of the PbX6 octahedra contributes more to the effect on exciton-phonon coupling than the mode of the X-Pb-X angle bending. Pb-X bond stretching and spontaneous polarization can tune exciton binding energy. This systematic study of excitonic behavior in 1D compounds relates the nature of ground states to the unknown excited states and provides the rational design of materials with stable and efficient broadband emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Xue
- Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
- Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering and College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Hengming Huang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Sadafumi Nishihara
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Chiral Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan
- JST, PRESTO, Honcho 4-1-8, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Vasudevanpillai Biju
- Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
- Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Xiao-Ming Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering and College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Takayoshi Nakamura
- Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
- Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
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11
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New Organic-Inorganic Salt Based on Fluconazole Drug: TD-DFT Benchmark and Computational Insights into Halogen Substitution. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158765. [PMID: 35955897 PMCID: PMC9369134 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we report the synthesis of a new organic–inorganic molecular salt of the clinically used antifungal drug fluconazole, (H2Fluconazole).SnCl6.2H2O. By detailed investigation and analysis of its structural properties, we show that the structure represents a 0D structure built of alternating organic and inorganic zig-zag layers along the crystallographic c-axis and the primary supramolecular synthons in this salt are hydrogen bonding, F···π and halogen bonding interactions. Magnetic measurements reveal the co-existence of weak ferromagnetic behavior at low magnetic field and large diamagnetic contributions, indicating that the synthesized material behaves mainly as a diamagnetic material, with very low magnetic susceptibility and with a band gap energy of 3.6 eV, and the salt is suitable for semiconducting applications. Extensive theoretical study is performed to explain the acceptor donor reactivity of this compound and to predict the Cl-substitution effect by F, Br and I. The energy gap, frontier molecular orbitals (FMOs) and the different chemical reactivity descriptors were evaluated at a high theoretical level. Calculations show that Cl substitution by Br and I generates compounds with more important antioxidant ability and the intramolecular charge transfer linked to the inorganic anion.
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12
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Zhang X, Jiang X, Liu K, Fan L, Cao J, He S, Wang N, Zhao J, Lin Z, Liu Q. Small Organic Molecular-Based Hybrid Halides with High Photoluminescence Quenching Temperature. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:7560-7567. [PMID: 35503095 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c00711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Organic-inorganic metal halides (OIMHs) exhibit excellent photoelectric properties; however, their high-temperature light-emission stability requires further improvement. Here, we report three isostructural OIMHs (C2H8N)4InCl7, (C2H8N)4SbCl7, and (C2H8N)4SbBr7 (C2H8N+ = dimethylammonium). They are all crystallized in the P21212 space group with a zero-dimensional (0D) structure, with orange-red photoluminescence (PL) under 365 nm UV excitation. Among them, (C2H8N)4InCl7 exhibits the strongest PL with a photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of 13.9% at room temperature. Optical property measurements and density functional theory unveil that the luminescence of (C2H8N)4InCl7 at 405 and 620 nm is due to free exciton and self-trapped exciton emission, respectively. It is worth noting that (C2H8N)4InCl7 shows a high PL quenching temperature, maintaining 50% of its room-temperature PL intensity at 425 K, which is rare in OIHMs. This is much higher than the application temperature of phosphors in practical solid-state lighting applications (363-383 K). In this temperature range, the luminous intensity of (C2H8N)4InCl7 exceeds 60% of that at room temperature. The high PL quenching temperature observed in (C2H8N)4InCl7 indicates the potential of OIMHs for applications in phosphor-converted light-emitting diodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xusheng Zhang
- The Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of New Energy Materials and Technologies, School of Materials Sciences and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xingxing Jiang
- Center for Crystal Research and Development, Key Lab Functional Crystals and Laser Technology of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 29, Zhong Guan Cun Dong Lu, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Kunjie Liu
- The Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of New Energy Materials and Technologies, School of Materials Sciences and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Liubing Fan
- The Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of New Energy Materials and Technologies, School of Materials Sciences and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jindong Cao
- The Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of New Energy Materials and Technologies, School of Materials Sciences and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Shihui He
- The Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of New Energy Materials and Technologies, School of Materials Sciences and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Na Wang
- The Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of New Energy Materials and Technologies, School of Materials Sciences and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- The Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of New Energy Materials and Technologies, School of Materials Sciences and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - ZheShuai Lin
- Center for Crystal Research and Development, Key Lab Functional Crystals and Laser Technology of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 29, Zhong Guan Cun Dong Lu, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Quanlin Liu
- The Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of New Energy Materials and Technologies, School of Materials Sciences and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
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13
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Gong J, Hao M, Zhang Y, Liu M, Zhou Y. Layered 2D Halide Perovskites beyond the Ruddlesden–Popper Phase: Tailored Interlayer Chemistries for High‐Performance Solar Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202112022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jue Gong
- School of Materials and Energy University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu 611731 China
| | - Mingwei Hao
- Department of Physics Hong Kong Baptist University Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Yalan Zhang
- Department of Physics Hong Kong Baptist University Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Mingzhen Liu
- School of Materials and Energy University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu 611731 China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhou
- Department of Physics Hong Kong Baptist University Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR China
- Smart Society Lab Hong Kong Baptist University Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR China
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14
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Photoluminescent ionic metal halides based on s2 typed ions and aprotic ionic liquid cations. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.214185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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15
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Gong J, Hao M, Zhang Y, Liu M, Zhou Y. Layered 2D Halide Perovskites beyond Ruddlesden-Popper Phase: Tailored Interlayer Chemistries for High-Performance Solar Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 61:e202112022. [PMID: 34761495 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202112022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Layered halide perovskites (LHPs) with crystallographically 2D structures have gained increasing interest for photovoltaic applications due to their superior chemical stability and intriguing anisotropic properties, as compared to their conventional 3D perovskite counterparts. The mostly studied LHPs are Ruddlesden-Popper (RP) phases, which suffer from a carrier-transport bottleneck due to the van der Waals gap associated with their intrinsic organic interlayer structures. To address this issue, Dion-Jacobson (DJ) and alternating-cation-interlayer (ACI) LHPs have rapidly emerged, which exhibit unique structural and (opto)electronic characteristics that may resemble the 3D counterparts owing to the eliminated or reduced van der Waals gap. Improved photophyiscal properties have been achieved in DJ and ACI LHPs, leading towards better photovoltaic performance. Here we provide a comprehensive discussion on the merits and promise of DJ and ACI LHPs from a chemistry perspective. Then, we review recent progress on synthesis and tailoring of DJ and ACI LHP crystals and thin films, as well as their optoelectronic properties and photovoltaic performance. Finally, we discuss future directions to realize the full potential of DJ and ACI LHPs for high-performance solar cells and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jue Gong
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
| | - Mingwei Hao
- Department of Physics, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yalan Zhang
- Department of Physics, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Mingzhen Liu
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhou
- Department of Physics, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Smart Society Lab, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
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16
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Qi J, Wang S, Portniagin A, Kershaw SV, Rogach AL. Room Temperature Fabrication of Stable, Strongly Luminescent Dion-Jacobson Tin Bromide Perovskite Microcrystals Achieved through Use of Primary Alcohols. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:2738. [PMID: 34685180 PMCID: PMC8539003 DOI: 10.3390/nano11102738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Lead-free two-dimensional metal halide perovskites have recently emerged as promising light-emitting materials due to their improved stability and attractive optical properties. Herein, a facile room temperature wet milling method has been developed to make Dion-Jacobson (DJ) phase ODASnBr4 perovskite microcrystals, whose crystallization was accomplished via the aid of introduced primary alcohols: ethanol, butanol, pentanol, and hexanol. Due to the strong intermolecular hydrogen bonding, the use of ethanol promoted the formation of non-doped ODASnBr4 microcrystals, with an emission peaked at 599 nm and a high photoluminescence quantum yield (PL QY) of 81%. By introducing other primary alcohols with weaker intermolecular hydrogen bonding such as butanol, pentanol, and hexanol, [SnBr6]4- octahedral slabs of the DJ perovskite microcrystals experienced various degrees of expansion while forming O-H…Br hydrogen bonds. This resulted in the emission spectra of these alcohol-doped microcrystals to be adjusted in the range from 572 to 601 nm, while keeping the PL QY high, at around 89%. Our synthetic strategy provides a viable pathway towards strongly emitting lead-free DJ perovskite microcrystals with an improved stability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Andrey L. Rogach
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China; (J.Q.); (S.W.); (A.P.); (S.V.K.)
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17
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Peng H, Wang X, Tian Y, Dong T, Xiao Y, Huang T, Guo Y, Wang J, Zou B. Water-Stable Zero-Dimensional (C 4H 9) 4NCuCl 2 Single Crystal with Highly Efficient Broadband Green Emission. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:6639-6647. [PMID: 34254802 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c01794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Here, we report (C4H9)4NCuCl2 single crystals with a luminous intensity that remains largely the same after soaking in water for 24 h. (CH9)4NCuCl2 has a new type zero-dimensional framework, in which the isolated [CuCl2]- anions are wrapped by organic (C4H9)4N+ cations. As expected, (C4H9)4NCuCl2 shows a broad emission band at 508 nm with a photoluminescence quantum yield of approximately 82% at room temperature, stemming from self-trapped exciton (STE) emission. Temperature-dependent photoluminescence measurement reveals that there is an energy barrier ΔE (24.0 meV) between the intrinsic state and STE state, which leads to the increase in emission intensity with an increase in temperature (98-278 K), while the emission intensity begins to decrease when the temperature is higher than 278 K due to the effects of both thermal quenching and carrier scattering. Our findings provide a new idea for the design of lead-free anti-water stability metal halide materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Peng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Nanophotonics & Ultrafine Optoelectronic Systems, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- Guangxi Key Lab of Processing for Nonferrous Metals and Featured Materials and Key Lab of New Processing Technology for Nonferrous Metals and Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Resources, Environments and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Xinxin Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Nanophotonics & Ultrafine Optoelectronic Systems, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Ye Tian
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Nanophotonics & Ultrafine Optoelectronic Systems, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Tiantian Dong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yonghao Xiao
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Tao Huang
- Guangxi Key Lab of Processing for Nonferrous Metals and Featured Materials and Key Lab of New Processing Technology for Nonferrous Metals and Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Resources, Environments and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Yongchang Guo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Nanophotonics & Ultrafine Optoelectronic Systems, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jianping Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Bingsuo Zou
- Guangxi Key Lab of Processing for Nonferrous Metals and Featured Materials and Key Lab of New Processing Technology for Nonferrous Metals and Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Resources, Environments and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
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18
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Spanopoulos I, Hadar I, Ke W, Guo P, Mozur EM, Morgan E, Wang S, Zheng D, Padgaonkar S, Manjunatha Reddy GN, Weiss EA, Hersam MC, Seshadri R, Schaller RD, Kanatzidis MG. Tunable Broad Light Emission from 3D "Hollow" Bromide Perovskites through Defect Engineering. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:7069-7080. [PMID: 33905231 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c01727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Hybrid halide perovskites consisting of corner-sharing metal halide octahedra and small cuboctahedral cages filled with counter cations have proven to be prominent candidates for many high-performance optoelectronic devices. The stability limits of their three-dimensional perovskite framework are defined by the size range of the cations present in the cages of the structure. In some cases, the stability of the perovskite-type structure can be extended even when the counterions violate the size and shape requirements, as is the case in the so-called "hollow" perovskites. In this work, we engineered a new family of 3D highly defective yet crystalline "hollow" bromide perovskites with general formula (FA)1-x(en)x(Pb)1-0.7x(Br)3-0.4x (FA = formamidinium (FA+), en = ethylenediammonium (en2+), x = 0-0.44). Pair distribution function analysis shed light on the local structural coherence, revealing a wide distribution of Pb-Pb distances in the crystal structure as a consequence of the Pb/Br-deficient nature and en inclusion in the lattice. By manipulating the number of Pb/Br vacancies, we finely tune the optical properties of the pristine FAPbBr3 by blue shifting the band gap from 2.20 to 2.60 eV for the x = 0.42 en sample. A most unexpected outcome was that at x> 0.33 en incorporation, the material exhibits strong broad light emission (1% photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY)) that is maintained after exposure to air for more than a year. This is the first example of strong broad light emission from a 3D hybrid halide perovskite, demonstrating that meticulous defect engineering is an excellent tool for customizing the optical properties of these semiconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Spanopoulos
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Ido Hadar
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Weijun Ke
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Peijun Guo
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Eve M Mozur
- Materials Department and Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Emily Morgan
- Materials Department and Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Shuxin Wang
- Materials Department and Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Ding Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Suyog Padgaonkar
- Department of Chemistry and the Materials Research Center, Applied Physics Program, and Department of Materials Science and Engineering and the Materials Research Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - G N Manjunatha Reddy
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille Institut, Univ. Artois, UMR8181-UCCS-Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Emily A Weiss
- Department of Chemistry and the Materials Research Center, Applied Physics Program, and Department of Materials Science and Engineering and the Materials Research Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Mark C Hersam
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, and the Materials Research Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Ram Seshadri
- Materials Department and Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Richard D Schaller
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Mercouri G Kanatzidis
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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19
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Liu F, Zhang T, Mondal D, Teng S, Zhang Y, Huang K, Wang D, Yang W, Mahadevan P, Zhao YS, Xie R, Pradhan N. Light‐Emitting Metal–Organic Halide 1D and 2D Structures: Near‐Unity Quantum Efficiency, Low‐Loss Optical Waveguide and Highly Polarized Emission. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:13548-13553. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202017274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry College of Chemistry Jilin University Changchun 130012 China
| | - Tongjin Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Photochemistry Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Debayan Mondal
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics and Material Science S.N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences Kolkata 700106 India
| | - Shiyong Teng
- Department of Anaesthesiology First Hospital Jilin University Changchun 130021 China
| | - Ying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry College of Chemistry Jilin University Changchun 130012 China
| | - Keke Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry College of Chemistry Jilin University Changchun 130012 China
| | - Dayang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry College of Chemistry Jilin University Changchun 130012 China
| | - Wensheng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry College of Chemistry Jilin University Changchun 130012 China
| | - Priya Mahadevan
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics and Material Science S.N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences Kolkata 700106 India
| | - Yong Sheng Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Photochemistry Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Renguo Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry College of Chemistry Jilin University Changchun 130012 China
| | - Narayan Pradhan
- Department of Materials Science Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science Kolkata 700032 India
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20
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Liu F, Zhang T, Mondal D, Teng S, Zhang Y, Huang K, Wang D, Yang W, Mahadevan P, Zhao YS, Xie R, Pradhan N. Light‐Emitting Metal–Organic Halide 1D and 2D Structures: Near‐Unity Quantum Efficiency, Low‐Loss Optical Waveguide and Highly Polarized Emission. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202017274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry College of Chemistry Jilin University Changchun 130012 China
| | - Tongjin Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Photochemistry Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Debayan Mondal
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics and Material Science S.N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences Kolkata 700106 India
| | - Shiyong Teng
- Department of Anaesthesiology First Hospital Jilin University Changchun 130021 China
| | - Ying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry College of Chemistry Jilin University Changchun 130012 China
| | - Keke Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry College of Chemistry Jilin University Changchun 130012 China
| | - Dayang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry College of Chemistry Jilin University Changchun 130012 China
| | - Wensheng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry College of Chemistry Jilin University Changchun 130012 China
| | - Priya Mahadevan
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics and Material Science S.N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences Kolkata 700106 India
| | - Yong Sheng Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Photochemistry Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Renguo Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry College of Chemistry Jilin University Changchun 130012 China
| | - Narayan Pradhan
- Department of Materials Science Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science Kolkata 700032 India
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21
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Ma W, Song X, Yin J, Fei H. Intrinsic self-trapped broadband emission from zinc halide-based metal-organic frameworks. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:1396-1399. [PMID: 33438705 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc07320b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Organolead halide perovskites are an emerging class of intrinsic self-trapped broadband emitters, but suffer from lead toxicity and stability problems. Herein, we report a series of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) based on 0-D zinc halide secondary building units (SBUs), which emit large Stokes shifted broadband bluish-white light. A variety of photophysics studies demonstrate that the broadband emission probably originates from self-trapped excitons, owing to the structurally deformable SBUs. Among the intrinsic self-trapped emitters, these MOFs are very rare examples that exhibit both long-term environmental stability and contain non-toxic elements. Moreover, the open porosity enables the MOF to serve as a host matrix for encapsulating green-emitting Alq3 molecules, exhibiting cold white-light chromatic coordinates of (0.27,0.36) and a correlated color temperature of 8321 K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Ma
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Rd., Shanghai 200092, P. R. China.
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22
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Li X, Gao X, Zhang X, Shen X, Lu M, Wu J, Shi Z, Colvin VL, Hu J, Bai X, Yu WW, Zhang Y. Lead-Free Halide Perovskites for Light Emission: Recent Advances and Perspectives. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:2003334. [PMID: 33643803 PMCID: PMC7887601 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202003334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Lead-based halide perovskites have received great attention in light-emitting applications due to their excellent properties, including high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY), tunable emission wavelength, and facile solution preparation. In spite of excellent characteristics, the presence of toxic element lead directly obstructs their further commercial development. Hence, exploiting lead-free halide perovskite materials with superior properties is urgent and necessary. In this review, the deep-seated reasons that benefit light emission for halide perovskites, which help to develop lead-free halide perovskites with excellent performance, are first emphasized. Recent advances in lead-free halide perovskite materials (single crystals, thin films, and nanocrystals with different dimensionalities) from synthesis, crystal structures, optical and optoelectronic properties to applications are then systematically summarized. In particular, phosphor-converted LEDs and electroluminescent LEDs using lead-free halide perovskites are fully examined. Ultimately, based on current development of lead-free halide perovskites, the future directions of lead-free halide perovskites in terms of materials and light-emitting devices are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics and College of Electronic Science and EngineeringJilin UniversityChangchun130012China
| | - Xupeng Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics and College of Electronic Science and EngineeringJilin UniversityChangchun130012China
| | - Xiangtong Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of EducationNational & Local Joint Engineering Research Centre for High‐Efficiency Display and Lighting TechnologySchool of Materials and EngineeringCollaborative Innovation Centre of Nano Functional Materials and ApplicationsHenan UniversityKaifeng475000China
| | - Xinyu Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics and College of Electronic Science and EngineeringJilin UniversityChangchun130012China
| | - Min Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics and College of Electronic Science and EngineeringJilin UniversityChangchun130012China
| | - Jinlei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics and College of Electronic Science and EngineeringJilin UniversityChangchun130012China
| | - Zhifeng Shi
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics of Ministry of EducationDepartment of Physics and EngineeringZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou450052China
| | | | - Junhua Hu
- State Centre for International Cooperation on Designer Low‐carbon & Environmental MaterialsSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou450001China
| | - Xue Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics and College of Electronic Science and EngineeringJilin UniversityChangchun130012China
| | - William W. Yu
- Department of Chemistry and PhysicsLouisiana State UniversityShreveportLA71115USA
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics and College of Electronic Science and EngineeringJilin UniversityChangchun130012China
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23
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Jung MH. The red light emission in 2D (C 4SH 3CH 2NH 3) 2SnI 4 and (C 4OH 7CH 2NH 3) 2SnI 4 perovskites. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:10261-10274. [PMID: 34250994 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt01465j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) perovskites have a large exciton binding energy due to the structure of the quantum confinement, which produces a faster radiative recombination, and so are promising potential materials for light-emitting diodes. However, most of the highly efficient hybrid halide perovskites are based on the toxic Pb-based materials, so the replacement of Pb with less toxic and suitable substitute elements has been investigated for environmental efficient materials. Herein, we report the Sn-based 2D perovskites, which include (TPM)2SnI4 (TPM = C4SH3CH2NH3) and (TFF)2SnI4 (TFF = C4OH7CH2NH3), as red emission materials. Structural characterization by single crystal X-ray diffraction reveals that (TPM)2SnI4 undergoes a structural evolution from the orthorhombic space group Cmc21 (100 K) to Pbca (298 K), while the (TFF)2SnI4 perovskite exhibits the monoclinic space group P21/c at 100 K and 298 K. The inorganic framework of (TFF)2SnI4 was separated by the bilayer TFF chains with an empty space, which is an effective structure to increase the quantum confinement effect. The band gaps of the (TPM)2SnI4 (1.80 eV) and (TFF)2SnI4 (1.73 eV) compounds indicate the direct band gap semiconductor materials. From the time-resolved photoluminescence results, it can be seen that (TPM)2SnI4 produces uniform short emission (0.73 ns) throughout the entire powder crystals, whereas (TFF)2SnI4 has a uniform and long emission life time (47 ns). Temperature-dependent photoluminescence (PL) studies indicate that the (TPM)2SnI4 and (TFF)2SnI4 perovskites have a strong split red emission at low temperature due to the vibration of the inorganic framework. As the temperature increases, the PL spectra shift to the high energy region and the emission intensity decreases. The PL spectra of (TPM)2SnI4 and (TFF)2SnI4 perovskites have maximum peak wavelengths at 622 nm and 640 nm, and show the photoluminescence quantum yields of 0.30% and 1.71%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Hee Jung
- Department of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Engineering, Sejong University, 209, Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea.
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Romani L, Speltini A, Ambrosio F, Mosconi E, Profumo A, Marelli M, Margadonna S, Milella A, Fracassi F, Listorti A, De Angelis F, Malavasi L. Water-Stable DMASnBr 3 Lead-Free Perovskite for Effective Solar-Driven Photocatalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 60:3611-3618. [PMID: 33047446 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202007584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Water-stable metal halide perovskites could foster tremendous progresses in several research fields where their superior optical properties can make differences. In this work we report clear evidence of water stability in a lead-free metal halide perovskite, namely DMASnBr3 , obtained by means of diffraction, optical and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Such unprecedented water-stability has been applied to promote photocatalysis in aqueous medium, in particular by devising a novel composite material by coupling DMASnBr3 to g-C3 N4 , taking advantage from the combination of their optimal photophysical properties. The prepared composites provide an impressive hydrogen evolution rate >1700 μmol g-1 h-1 generated by the synergistic activity of the two composite costituents. DFT calculations provide insight into this enhancement deriving it from the favorable alignment of interfacial energy levels of DMASnBr3 and g-C3 N4 . The demonstration of an efficient photocatalytic activity for a composite based on lead-free metal halide perovskite in water paves the way to a new class of light-driven catalysts working in aqueous environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Romani
- Department of Chemistry and INSTM, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 16, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Andrea Speltini
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 12, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Francesco Ambrosio
- Computational Laboratory for Hybrid/Organic Photovoltaics (CLHYO), Istituto CNR di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche "Giulio Natta" (CNR-SCITEC), Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123, Perugia, Italy.,CompuNet, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163, Genova, Italy
| | - Edoardo Mosconi
- Computational Laboratory for Hybrid/Organic Photovoltaics (CLHYO), Istituto CNR di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche "Giulio Natta" (CNR-SCITEC), Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123, Perugia, Italy
| | - Antonella Profumo
- Department of Chemistry and INSTM, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 16, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Marcello Marelli
- National Research Council, CNR-SCITEC, Via G. Fantoli 16/15, 20138, Milan, Italy
| | - Serena Margadonna
- Materials Research Centre and SPECIFIC, College of Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea, SA1 8EN, UK
| | - Antonella Milella
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Fracassi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Andrea Listorti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Filippo De Angelis
- Computational Laboratory for Hybrid/Organic Photovoltaics (CLHYO), Istituto CNR di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche "Giulio Natta" (CNR-SCITEC), Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123, Perugia, Italy.,Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123, Perugia, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Malavasi
- Department of Chemistry and INSTM, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 16, 27100, Pavia, Italy
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25
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Romani L, Speltini A, Ambrosio F, Mosconi E, Profumo A, Marelli M, Margadonna S, Milella A, Fracassi F, Listorti A, De Angelis F, Malavasi L. Water‐Stable DMASnBr
3
Lead‐Free Perovskite for Effective Solar‐Driven Photocatalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202007584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Romani
- Department of Chemistry and INSTM University of Pavia Via Taramelli 16 27100 Pavia Italy
| | - Andrea Speltini
- Department of Drug Sciences University of Pavia Via Taramelli 12 27100 Pavia Italy
| | - Francesco Ambrosio
- Computational Laboratory for Hybrid/Organic Photovoltaics (CLHYO) Istituto CNR di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio Natta” (CNR-SCITEC) Via Elce di Sotto 8 06123 Perugia Italy
- CompuNet Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia Via Morego 30 16163 Genova Italy
| | - Edoardo Mosconi
- Computational Laboratory for Hybrid/Organic Photovoltaics (CLHYO) Istituto CNR di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio Natta” (CNR-SCITEC) Via Elce di Sotto 8 06123 Perugia Italy
| | - Antonella Profumo
- Department of Chemistry and INSTM University of Pavia Via Taramelli 16 27100 Pavia Italy
| | - Marcello Marelli
- National Research Council CNR-SCITEC Via G. Fantoli 16/15 20138 Milan Italy
| | - Serena Margadonna
- Materials Research Centre and SPECIFIC College of Engineering Swansea University Swansea SA1 8EN UK
| | - Antonella Milella
- Department of Chemistry University of Bari Via Orabona 4 70126 Bari Italy
| | - Francesco Fracassi
- Department of Chemistry University of Bari Via Orabona 4 70126 Bari Italy
| | - Andrea Listorti
- Department of Chemistry University of Bari Via Orabona 4 70126 Bari Italy
| | - Filippo De Angelis
- Computational Laboratory for Hybrid/Organic Photovoltaics (CLHYO) Istituto CNR di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio Natta” (CNR-SCITEC) Via Elce di Sotto 8 06123 Perugia Italy
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology University of Perugia Via Elce di Sotto 8 06123 Perugia Italy
| | - Lorenzo Malavasi
- Department of Chemistry and INSTM University of Pavia Via Taramelli 16 27100 Pavia Italy
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McCall KM, Morad V, Benin BM, Kovalenko MV. Efficient Lone-Pair-Driven Luminescence: Structure-Property Relationships in Emissive 5s 2 Metal Halides. ACS MATERIALS LETTERS 2020; 2:1218-1232. [PMID: 32954359 PMCID: PMC7491574 DOI: 10.1021/acsmaterialslett.0c00211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Low-dimensional metal halides have been the focus of intense investigations in recent years following the success of hybrid lead halide perovskites as optoelectronic materials. In particular, the light emission of low-dimensional halides based on the 5s2 cations Sn2+ and Sb3+ has found utility in a variety of applications complementary to those of the three-dimensional halide perovskites because of its unusual properties such as broadband character and highly temperature-dependent lifetime. These properties derive from the exceptional chemistry of the 5s2 lone pair, but the terminology and explanations given for such emission vary widely, hampering efforts to build a cohesive understanding of these materials that would lead to the development of efficient optoelectronic devices. In this Perspective, we provide a structural overview of these materials with a focus on the dynamics driven by the stereoactivity of the 5s2 lone pair to identify the structural features that enable strong emission. We unite the different theoretical models that have been able to explain the success of these bright 5s2 emission centers into a cohesive framework, which is then applied to the array of compounds recently developed by our group and other researchers, demonstrating its utility and generating a holistic picture of the field from the point of view of a materials chemist. We highlight those state-of-the-art materials and applications that demonstrate the unique capabilities of these versatile emissive centers and identify promising future directions in the field of low-dimensional 5s2 metal halides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle M. McCall
- Laboratory
of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir Prelog Weg 1, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory
for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa—Swiss
Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Viktoriia Morad
- Laboratory
of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir Prelog Weg 1, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory
for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa—Swiss
Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Bogdan M. Benin
- Laboratory
of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir Prelog Weg 1, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory
for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa—Swiss
Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Maksym V. Kovalenko
- Laboratory
of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir Prelog Weg 1, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory
for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa—Swiss
Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
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