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Vasco A, Taylor RJ, Méndez Y, Bernardes GJL. On-Demand Thio-Succinimide Hydrolysis for the Assembly of Stable Protein-Protein Conjugates. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:20709-20719. [PMID: 39012647 PMCID: PMC11295205 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c03721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
Chemical post-translational protein-protein conjugation is an important technique with growing applications in biotechnology and pharmaceutical research. Maleimides represent one of the most widely employed bioconjugation reagents. However, challenges associated with the instability of first- and second-generation maleimide technologies are yet to be fully addressed. We report the development of a novel class of maleimide reagents that can undergo on-demand ring-opening hydrolysis of the resulting thio-succinimide. This strategy enables rapid post-translational assembly of protein-protein conjugates. Thio-succinimide hydrolysis, triggered upon application of chemical, photochemical, or enzymatic stimuli, allowed homobifunctional bis-maleimide reagents to be applied in the production of stable protein-protein conjugates, with complete temporal control. Bivalent and bispecific protein-protein dimers constructed from small binders targeting antigens of oncological importance, PD-L1 and HER2, were generated with high purity, stability, and improved functionality compared to monomeric building blocks. The modularity of the approach was demonstrated through elaboration of the linker moiety through a bioorthogonal propargyl handle to produce protein-protein-fluorophore conjugates. Furthermore, extending the functionality of the homobifunctional reagents by temporarily masking reactive thiols included in the linker allowed the assembly of higher order trimeric and tetrameric single-domain antibody conjugates. The potential for the approach to be extended to proteins of greater biochemical complexity was demonstrated in the production of immunoglobulin single-domain antibody conjugates. On-demand control of thio-succinimide hydrolysis combined with the facile assembly of chemically defined homo- and heterodimers constitutes an important expansion of the chemical methods available for generating stable protein-protein conjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yanira Méndez
- Yusuf Hamied Department of
Chemistry, University of Cambridge, CB2 1EW Cambridge, U.K.
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2
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Okon A, Yang J, Giancola JB, Molina OJ, Sayers J, Cheah KM, Li Y, Strieter ER, Raines RT. Facile Access to Branched Multispecific Proteins. Bioconjug Chem 2024; 35:954-962. [PMID: 38879814 PMCID: PMC11254548 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.4c00162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
Approaches that leverage orthogonal chemical reactions to generate protein-protein conjugates have expanded access to bespoke chimeras. Although the literature is replete with examples of the semisynthesis of bispecific proteins, few methods exist for the semisynthesis of protein conjugates of higher complexity (i.e., greater than two-protein fusions). The recent emergence of trispecific cell engagers for immune cell redirection therapies necessitates the development of chemical methods for the construction of trispecific proteins that would otherwise be inaccessible via natural protein synthesis. Here, we demonstrate that 3-bromo-5-methylene pyrrolone (3Br-5MP) can be used to effect the facile chemical synthesis of trispecific peptides and proteins with exquisite control over the addition of each monomer. The multimeric complexes maintain epitope functionality both in human cells and upon immobilization. We anticipate that facile access to trispecific proteins using this 3Br-5MP will have broad utility in basic science research and will quicken the pace of research to establish novel, multimeric immune cell redirection therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aniekan Okon
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jinyi Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - JoLynn B. Giancola
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Oscar J. Molina
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jessica Sayers
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Keith M. Cheah
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Yanfeng Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Eric R. Strieter
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Ronald T. Raines
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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3
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Montgomery HR, Spokoyny AM, Maynard HD. Organometallic Oxidative Addition Complexes for S-Arylation of Free Cysteines. Bioconjug Chem 2024; 35:883-889. [PMID: 38914957 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.4c00222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Development of bioconjugation strategies to efficiently modify biomolecules is of key importance for fundamental and translational scientific studies. Cysteine S-arylation is an approach which is becoming more popular due to generally rapid kinetics and high chemoselectivity, as well as the strong covalently bonded S-aryl linkage created in these processes. Organometallic approaches to cysteine S-arylation have been explored that feature many advantages compared to their more traditional organic counterparts. In this Viewpoint, progress in the use of Au(III) and Pd(II) oxidative addition (OA) complexes for stoichiometric cysteine S-arylation is presented and discussed. A focus is placed on understanding the rapid kinetics of these reactions under mild conditions, as well as the ability to generate biomolecular heterostructures. Potential avenues for further exploration are addressed and usefulness of these methods to the practitioner are emphasized in the discussion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayden R Montgomery
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Alexander M Spokoyny
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles California 90095-1569, United States
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Heather D Maynard
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles California 90095-1569, United States
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles California 90095-1569, United States
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4
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De Jesus IS, Vélez JAC, Pissinati EF, Correia JTM, Rivera DG, Paixao MW. Recent Advances in Photoinduced Modification of Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins. CHEM REC 2024; 24:e202300322. [PMID: 38279622 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202300322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
The chemical modification of biopolymers like peptides and proteins is a key technology to access vaccines and pharmaceuticals. Similarly, the tunable derivatization of individual amino acids is important as they are key building blocks of biomolecules, bioactive natural products, synthetic polymers, and innovative materials. The high diversity of functional groups present in amino acid-based molecules represents a significant challenge for their selective derivatization Recently, visible light-mediated transformations have emerged as a powerful strategy for achieving chemoselective biomolecule modification. This technique offers numerous advantages over other methods, including a higher selectivity, mild reaction conditions and high functional-group tolerance. This review provides an overview of the most recent methods covering the photoinduced modification for single amino acids and site-selective functionalization in peptides and proteins under mild and even biocompatible conditions. Future challenges and perspectives are discussed beyond the diverse types of photocatalytic transformations that are currently available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iva S De Jesus
- Laboratory for Sustainable Organic Synthesis and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos - UFSCar, São Carlos, São Paulo, 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Jeimy A C Vélez
- Laboratory for Sustainable Organic Synthesis and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos - UFSCar, São Carlos, São Paulo, 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Emanuele F Pissinati
- Laboratory for Sustainable Organic Synthesis and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos - UFSCar, São Carlos, São Paulo, 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Jose Tiago M Correia
- Laboratory for Sustainable Organic Synthesis and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos - UFSCar, São Carlos, São Paulo, 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Daniel G Rivera
- Laboratory of Synthetic and Biomolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Havana Zapata & G, Havana, 10400, Cuba
| | - Márcio W Paixao
- Laboratory for Sustainable Organic Synthesis and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos - UFSCar, São Carlos, São Paulo, 13565-905, Brazil
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5
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Grob NM, Remarcik C, Rössler SL, Wong JYK, Wang JCK, Tao J, Smith CL, Loas A, Buchwald SL, Eaton DL, López MP, Pentelute BL. Electrophile Scanning Reveals Reactivity Hotspots for the Design of Covalent Peptide Binders. ACS Chem Biol 2024; 19:101-109. [PMID: 38069818 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.3c00538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) are intriguing targets in drug discovery and development. Peptides are well suited to target PPIs, which typically present with large surface areas lacking distinct features and deep binding pockets. To improve binding interactions with these topologies and advance the development of PPI-focused therapeutics, potential ligands can be equipped with electrophilic groups to enable binding through covalent mechanisms of action. We report a strategy termed electrophile scanning to identify reactivity hotspots in a known peptide ligand and demonstrate its application in a model PPI. Cysteine mutants of a known ligand are used to install protein-reactive modifiers via a palladium oxidative addition complex (Pd-OAC). Reactivity hotspots are revealed by cross-linking reactions with the target protein under physiological conditions. In a model PPI with the 9-mer peptide antigen VL9 and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I protein HLA-E, we identify two reactivity hotspots that afford up to 87% conversion to the protein-peptide conjugate within 4 h. The reactions are specific to the target protein in vitro and dependent on the peptide sequence. Moreover, the cross-linked peptide successfully inhibits molecular recognition of HLA-E by CD94-NKG2A possibly due to structural changes enacted at the PPI interface. The results illustrate the potential application of electrophile scanning as a tool for rapid discovery and development of covalent peptide binders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie M Grob
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States of America
| | - Clint Remarcik
- Calico Life Sciences LLC, San Francisco, California 94080, United States of America
| | - Simon L Rössler
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey Y K Wong
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States of America
| | - John C K Wang
- Calico Life Sciences LLC, San Francisco, California 94080, United States of America
| | - Jason Tao
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States of America
| | - Corey L Smith
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States of America
| | - Andrei Loas
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States of America
| | - Stephen L Buchwald
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States of America
| | - Dan L Eaton
- Calico Life Sciences LLC, San Francisco, California 94080, United States of America
| | | | - Bradley L Pentelute
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States of America
- The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States of America
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States of America
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States of America
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6
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Chauhan P, V R, Kumar M, Molla R, Mishra SD, Basa S, Rai V. Chemical technology principles for selective bioconjugation of proteins and antibodies. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:380-449. [PMID: 38095227 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00715d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Proteins are multifunctional large organic compounds that constitute an essential component of a living system. Hence, control over their bioconjugation impacts science at the chemistry-biology-medicine interface. A chemical toolbox for their precision engineering can boost healthcare and open a gateway for directed or precision therapeutics. Such a chemical toolbox remained elusive for a long time due to the complexity presented by the large pool of functional groups. The precise single-site modification of a protein requires a method to address a combination of selectivity attributes. This review focuses on guiding principles that can segregate them to simplify the task for a chemical method. Such a disintegration systematically employs a multi-step chemical transformation to deconvolute the selectivity challenges. It constitutes a disintegrate (DIN) theory that offers additional control parameters for tuning precision in protein bioconjugation. This review outlines the selectivity hurdles faced by chemical methods. It elaborates on the developments in the perspective of DIN theory to demonstrate simultaneous regulation of reactivity, chemoselectivity, site-selectivity, modularity, residue specificity, and protein specificity. It discusses the progress of such methods to construct protein and antibody conjugates for biologics, including antibody-fluorophore and antibody-drug conjugates (AFCs and ADCs). It also briefs how this knowledge can assist in developing small molecule-based covalent inhibitors. In the process, it highlights an opportunity for hypothesis-driven routes to accelerate discoveries of selective methods and establish new targetome in the precision engineering of proteins and antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preeti Chauhan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, 462 066, India.
| | - Ragendu V
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, 462 066, India.
| | - Mohan Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, 462 066, India.
| | - Rajib Molla
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, 462 066, India.
| | - Surya Dev Mishra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, 462 066, India.
| | - Sneha Basa
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, 462 066, India.
| | - Vishal Rai
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, 462 066, India.
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7
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Koutsopetras I, Mishra AK, Benazza R, Hernandez-Alba O, Cianférani S, Chaubet G, Nicolai S, Waser J. Cysteine-Cysteine Cross-Conjugation of both Peptides and Proteins with a Bifunctional Hypervalent Iodine-Electrophilic Reagent. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202302689. [PMID: 37712523 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Peptide and protein bioconjugation sees ever-growing applications in the pharmaceutical sector. Novel strategies and reagents that can address the chemo- and regioselectivity issues inherent to these biomolecules, while delivering stable and functionalizable conjugates, are therefore needed. Herein, we introduce the crosslinking ethynylbenziodazolone (EBZ) reagent JW-AM-005 for the conjugation of peptides and proteins through the selective linkage of cysteine residues. This easily accessed compound gives access to peptide dimers or stapled peptides under mild and tuneable conditions. Applied to the antibody fragment of antigen binding (Fab) species, JW-AM-005 delivered rebridged proteins in a one-pot three-reaction process with high regioselectivity, outperforming the standard reagents commonly used for this transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilias Koutsopetras
- UMR 7199 CNRS-UdS, Chime Bio-Fonctionnelle, Faculté de Pharmacie, 74 route du Rhin, 67401, Illkirch cedex, France
| | - Abhaya Kumar Mishra
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Organic Synthesis, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédéralede de Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Rania Benazza
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse BioOrganique, IPHC UMR 7178, Université de Strasbourg CNRS, 67087, Strasbourg, France
- Infrastructure Nationale de Protéomique ProFI-FR2048, 67087, Strasbourg, France
| | - Oscar Hernandez-Alba
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse BioOrganique, IPHC UMR 7178, Université de Strasbourg CNRS, 67087, Strasbourg, France
- Infrastructure Nationale de Protéomique ProFI-FR2048, 67087, Strasbourg, France
| | - Sarah Cianférani
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse BioOrganique, IPHC UMR 7178, Université de Strasbourg CNRS, 67087, Strasbourg, France
- Infrastructure Nationale de Protéomique ProFI-FR2048, 67087, Strasbourg, France
| | - Guilhem Chaubet
- UMR 7199 CNRS-UdS, Chime Bio-Fonctionnelle, Faculté de Pharmacie, 74 route du Rhin, 67401, Illkirch cedex, France
| | - Stefano Nicolai
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Organic Synthesis, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédéralede de Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jérôme Waser
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Organic Synthesis, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédéralede de Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
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8
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Zielke FM, Rutjes FPJT. Recent Advances in Bioorthogonal Ligation and Bioconjugation. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2023; 381:35. [PMID: 37991570 PMCID: PMC10665463 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-023-00445-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
The desire to create biomolecules modified with functionalities that go beyond nature's toolbox has resulted in the development of biocompatible and selective methodologies and reagents, each with different scope and limitations. In this overview, we highlight recent advances in the field of bioconjugation from 2016 to 2023. First, (metal-mediated) protein functionalization by exploiting the specific reactivity of amino acids will be discussed, followed by novel bioorthogonal reagents for bioconjugation of modified biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian M Zielke
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Floris P J T Rutjes
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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9
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Sasso J, Tenchov R, Bird R, Iyer KA, Ralhan K, Rodriguez Y, Zhou QA. The Evolving Landscape of Antibody-Drug Conjugates: In Depth Analysis of Recent Research Progress. Bioconjug Chem 2023; 34:1951-2000. [PMID: 37821099 PMCID: PMC10655051 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.3c00374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are targeted immunoconjugate constructs that integrate the potency of cytotoxic drugs with the selectivity of monoclonal antibodies, minimizing damage to healthy cells and reducing systemic toxicity. Their design allows for higher doses of the cytotoxic drug to be administered, potentially increasing efficacy. They are currently among the most promising drug classes in oncology, with efforts to expand their application for nononcological indications and in combination therapies. Here we provide a detailed overview of the recent advances in ADC research and consider future directions and challenges in promoting this promising platform to widespread therapeutic use. We examine data from the CAS Content Collection, the largest human-curated collection of published scientific information, and analyze the publication landscape of recent research to reveal the exploration trends in published documents and to provide insights into the scientific advances in the area. We also discuss the evolution of the key concepts in the field, the major technologies, and their development pipelines with company research focuses, disease targets, development stages, and publication and investment trends. A comprehensive concept map has been created based on the documents in the CAS Content Collection. We hope that this report can serve as a useful resource for understanding the current state of knowledge in the field of ADCs and the remaining challenges to fulfill their potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet
M. Sasso
- CAS,
A Division of the American Chemical Society, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Rumiana Tenchov
- CAS,
A Division of the American Chemical Society, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Robert Bird
- CAS,
A Division of the American Chemical Society, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | | | | | - Yacidzohara Rodriguez
- CAS,
A Division of the American Chemical Society, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
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10
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Wang C, Qi R, Wang R, Xu Z. Photoinduced C(sp 3)-H Functionalization of Glycine Derivatives: Preparation of Unnatural α-Amino Acids and Late-Stage Modification of Peptides. Acc Chem Res 2023. [PMID: 37467427 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.3c00260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
ConspectusPeptides are essential components of living systems and contribute to critical biological processes, such as cell proliferation, immune defense, tumor formation, and differentiation. Therefore, peptides have attracted considerable attention as targets for the development of therapeutic products. The incorporation of unnatural amino acid residues into peptides can considerably impact peptide immunogenicity, toxicity, side effects, water solubility, action duration, and distribution and enhance the peptides' druggability. Typically, the direct modification of natural amino acids is a practical and effective approach for promptly obtaining unnatural amino acids. However, selective functionalization of multiple C(sp3)-H bonds with comparable chemical reactivities in the peptide side chains remains a formidable challenge. Furthermore, chemical modifications aimed at highly reactive (nucleophilic and aromatic) groups on peptide side chains can interfere with the biological activity of peptides.In recent years, the rapid advancement of photoinduced radical reactions has made photoredox radical-radical cross-coupling a practical approach for constructing C(sp3)-C(sp3) bonds under mild conditions. Glycine, a naturally occurring amino acid and the fundamental skeleton of all α-amino acids, provides a basis for the alkylated modification of its own α-C(sp3)-H bond under mild conditions. This Account describes our recent research endeavors for systematically investigating the photocatalytic α-C(sp3)-H alkylation of glycine derivatives via radical-radical coupling between N-aryl glycinate-derived radicals and various alkyl radicals. In 2018, we disclosed the photoinduced Cu-catalyzed decarboxylative α-C(sp3)-H alkylation of glycine derivatives. Subsequently, we developed a catalyst-free method for alkylating glycine derivatives and glycine residues in peptides via electron donor-acceptor (EDA)-complex-promoted single electron transfer. Moreover, we developed a photoinduced method for the radical alkylation of N-aryl glycinate α-C(sp3)-H bonds using unactivated alkyl chlorides (iodides) under photocatalyst-free conditions. Notably, by building on racemic alkylations of glycine derivatives and glycine-residue-containing peptides, we recently stereoselectively alkylated the N-aryl glycinate α-C(sp3)-H bond using a dual-functional Cu catalyst generated in situ for synthesizing a series of unnatural chiral α-amino and C-glycoamino acids.We have developed a series of methods for synthesizing unnatural amino acids through the α-C(sp3)-H alkylation of glycine derivatives using photoredox-promoted radical coupling as a key strategy. These methods are efficient and versatile and can be used for the late-stage modification of peptides in various contexts. Our work builds on the fundamental importance of glycine as the basic scaffold of all α-amino acids and highlights the potential of radical-based chemistry for developing chemical transformations in peptide synthesis. These findings have broad implications for chemical biology and may open doors for discovering peptide drugs and developing therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Science, Lanzhou University, 199 West Donggang Road, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Rupeng Qi
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Science, Lanzhou University, 199 West Donggang Road, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Science, Lanzhou University, 199 West Donggang Road, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 199 West Donggang Road, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Zhaoqing Xu
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Science, Lanzhou University, 199 West Donggang Road, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 199 West Donggang Road, Lanzhou 730000, China
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11
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O WY, Cui JF, Yu Q, Kung KKY, Chung SF, Leung YC, Wong MK. Isoindolium-Based Allenes: Reactivity Studies and Applications in Fluorescence Temperature Sensing and Cysteine Bioconjugation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202218038. [PMID: 36670048 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202218038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The reaction of a series of electron-deficient isoindolium-based allenes with sulfhydryl compounds has been studied, leading to the formation of isoindolium-based vinyl sulfides. The vinyl sulfides generated could be readily converted into the corresponding indanones and amines upon heating at 30-70 °C with good yields up to 61 %. The thermal cleavage reaction of vinyl sulfides was further studied for developing temperature-sensitive systems. Notably, a novel FRET-based fluorescent temperature sensor was designed and synthesized for temperature sensing at 50 °C, giving a 6.5-fold blue fluorescence enhancement. Moreover, chemoselective bioconjugation of cysteine-containing peptides with the isoindolium-based allenes for the construction of multifunctional peptide bioconjugates was investigated. Thermal cleavage of isoindoliums on the modified peptides at 35-70 °C gave indanone bioconjugates with up to >99 % conversion. These results indicated the biocompatibility of this novel temperature-sensitive reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wa-Yi O
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Research Institute for Future Food, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, China.,The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Jian-Fang Cui
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, 1088 Xueyuan Blvd., Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Qiong Yu
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Karen Ka-Yan Kung
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Research Institute for Future Food, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, China.,The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Sai-Fung Chung
- Henry Cheng Research Laboratory for Drug Development, Lo Ka Chung Centre for Natural Anti-Cancer Drug Development, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yun-Chung Leung
- Henry Cheng Research Laboratory for Drug Development, Lo Ka Chung Centre for Natural Anti-Cancer Drug Development, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, China
| | - Man-Kin Wong
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Research Institute for Future Food, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, China.,The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518057, China
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12
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Zhang P, Walko M, Wilson A. Maleimide constrained BAD BH3 domain peptides as BCL-xL Inhibitors: A Versatile Approach to Rapidly Identify Sites Compatible with Peptide Constraining. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2023; 87:129260. [PMID: 36997005 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2023.129260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Development of protein-protein interaction (PPI) inhibitors remains a major challenge. A significant number of PPIs are mediated by helical recognition epitopes; although peptides derived from such epitopes are attractive templates for inhibitor design, they may not readily adopt a bioactive conformation, are susceptible to proteolysis and rarely elicit optimal cell uptake properties. Constraining peptides has therefore emerged as a useful method to mitigate against these liabilities in the development of PPI inhibitors. Building on our recently reported method for constraining peptides by reaction of dibromomaleimide derivatives with two cysteines positioned in an i and i + 4 relationship, in this study, we showcase the power of the method for rapid identification of ideal constraining positions using a maleimide-staple scan based on a 19-mer sequence derived from the BAD BH3 domain. We found that the maleimide constraint had little or a detrimental impact on helicity and potency in most sequences, but successfully identified i, i + 4 positions where the maleimide constraint was tolerated. Analyses using modelling and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations revealed that the inactive constrained peptides likely lose interactions with the protein as a result of introducing the constraint.
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13
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Fischer NH, Oliveira MT, Diness F. Chemical modification of proteins - challenges and trends at the start of the 2020s. Biomater Sci 2023; 11:719-748. [PMID: 36519403 DOI: 10.1039/d2bm01237e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Ribosomally expressed proteins perform multiple, versatile, and specialized tasks throughout Nature. In modern times, chemically modified proteins, including improved hormones, enzymes, and antibody-drug-conjugates have become available and have found advanced industrial and pharmaceutical applications. Chemical modification of proteins is used to introduce new functionalities, improve stability or drugability. Undertaking chemical reactions with proteins without compromising their native function is still a core challenge as proteins are large conformation dependent multifunctional molecules. Methods for functionalization ideally should be chemo-selective, site-selective, and undertaken under biocompatible conditions in aqueous buffer to prevent denaturation of the protein. Here the present challenges in the field are discussed and methods for modification of the 20 encoded amino acids as well as the N-/C-termini and protein backbone are presented. For each amino acid, common and traditional modification methods are presented first, followed by more recent ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Henrik Fischer
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Universitetsvej 1, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. .,Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maria Teresa Oliveira
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Frederik Diness
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Universitetsvej 1, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. .,Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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14
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Wan C, Hou Z, Yang D, Zhou Z, Xu H, Wang Y, Dai C, Liang M, Meng J, Chen J, Yin F, Wang R, Li Z. The thiol-sulfoxonium ylide photo-click reaction for bioconjugation. Chem Sci 2023; 14:604-612. [PMID: 36741507 PMCID: PMC9847666 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc05650j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Visible-light-mediated methods were heavily studied as a useful tool for cysteine-selective bio-conjugation; however, many current methods suffer from bio-incompatible reaction conditions and slow kinetics. To address these challenges, herein, we report a transition metal-free thiol-sulfoxonium ylide photo-click reaction that enables bioconjugation under bio-compatible conditions. The reaction is highly cysteine-selective and generally finished within minutes with naturally occurring riboflavin derivatives as organic photocatalysts. The catalysts and substrates are readily accessible and bench stable and have satisfactory water solubility. As a proof-of-concept study, the reaction was smoothly applied in chemo-proteomic analysis, which provides efficient tools to explore the druggable content of the human proteome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School Shenzhen 518055 P. R. China
| | - Zhanfeng Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School Shenzhen 518055 P. R. China
| | - Dongyan Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering Guangzhou 510225 P. R. China
| | - Ziyuan Zhou
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital & Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Shenzhen 518116 P. R. China
| | - Hongkun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School Shenzhen 518055 P. R. China
| | - Yuena Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School Shenzhen 518055 P. R. China
| | - Chuan Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School Shenzhen 518055 P. R. China
| | - Mingchan Liang
- Pingshan Translational Medicine Center, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory Shenzhen 518118 P. R. China
| | - Jun Meng
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital & Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Shenzhen 518116 P. R. China
| | - Jiean Chen
- Pingshan Translational Medicine Center, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory Shenzhen 518118 P. R. China
| | - Feng Yin
- Pingshan Translational Medicine Center, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory Shenzhen 518118 P. R. China
| | - Rui Wang
- Pingshan Translational Medicine Center, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory Shenzhen 518118 P. R. China
| | - Zigang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School Shenzhen 518055 P. R. China
- Pingshan Translational Medicine Center, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory Shenzhen 518118 P. R. China
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15
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Swierczynski MJ, Ding Y, Ball ZT. Dual-Boronic Acid Reagents That Combine Dynamic and Covalent Bioconjugation. Bioconjug Chem 2022; 33:2307-2313. [PMID: 36445785 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.2c00508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Boronic acids and boronate esters find appreciable use in chemical biology. Molecules containing orthogonal boronic acid pairs can be utilized for sequential metal-catalyzed cross-couplings for facile preparation of complex bioconjugates including protein-protein conjugates. In this paper, we expand bis-boronic acid reagents for tandem covalent and dynamic bioconjugation. Sequential cross-coupling of 2-nitroarylboronic acid with cysteine residues and condensation of phenylboronic acid with salicylhydroxamic acids (SHA) readily afforded bioconjugates under physiological conditions with dual covalent and dynamic linkages. Both small molecule- and macromolecule-protein conjugates were amenable with this approach and reversible upon addition of excess unfunctionalized SHA or reactive oxygen species. These investigations provide new insights into the kinetic stability of SHA adducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Swierczynski
- Bioscience Research Collaborative, Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Yuxuan Ding
- Bioscience Research Collaborative, Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Zachary T Ball
- Bioscience Research Collaborative, Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
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16
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Su X, Zhang L, Zhao L, Pan B, Chen B, Chen J, Zhai C, Li B. Efficient Protein–Protein Couplings Mediated by Small Molecules under Mild Conditions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202205597. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202205597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xun‐Cheng Su
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-organic Chemistry College of Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Ling‐Yang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-organic Chemistry College of Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Li‐Na Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-organic Chemistry College of Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Bin‐Bin Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-organic Chemistry College of Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Ben‐Guang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-organic Chemistry College of Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Jia‐Liang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-organic Chemistry College of Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Cheng‐Liang Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-organic Chemistry College of Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Bin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-organic Chemistry College of Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
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17
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Taylor RJ, Geeson MB, Journeaux T, Bernardes GJL. Chemical and Enzymatic Methods for Post-Translational Protein-Protein Conjugation. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:14404-14419. [PMID: 35912579 PMCID: PMC9389620 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c00129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Fusion proteins play an essential role in the biosciences but suffer from several key limitations, including the requirement for N-to-C terminal ligation, incompatibility of constituent domains, incorrect folding, and loss of biological activity. This perspective focuses on chemical and enzymatic approaches for the post-translational generation of well-defined protein-protein conjugates, which overcome some of the limitations faced by traditional fusion techniques. Methods discussed range from chemical modification of nucleophilic canonical amino acid residues to incorporation of unnatural amino acid residues and a range of enzymatic methods, including sortase-mediated ligation. Through summarizing the progress in this rapidly growing field, the key successes and challenges associated with using chemical and enzymatic approaches are highlighted and areas requiring further development are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross J. Taylor
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, CB2 1EW Cambridge, U.K.
| | - Michael B. Geeson
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, CB2 1EW Cambridge, U.K.
| | - Toby Journeaux
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, CB2 1EW Cambridge, U.K.
| | - Gonçalo J. L. Bernardes
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, CB2 1EW Cambridge, U.K.
- Instituto
de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Egas Moniz, 1649-028, Lisboa, Portugal
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18
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Ko JH, Forsythe NL, Gelb MB, Messina KMM, Lau UY, Bhattacharya A, Olafsen T, Lee JT, Kelly KA, Maynard HD. Safety and Biodistribution Profile of Poly(styrenyl acetal trehalose) and Its Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Factor Conjugate. Biomacromolecules 2022; 23:3383-3395. [PMID: 35767465 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c00511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Poly(styrenyl acetal trehalose) (pSAT), composed of trehalose side chains linked to a polystyrene backbone via acetals, stabilizes a variety of proteins and enzymes against fluctuations in temperature. A promising application of pSAT is conjugation of the polymer to therapeutic proteins to reduce renal clearance. To explore this possibility, the safety of the polymer was first studied. Investigation of acute toxicity of pSAT in mice showed that there were no adverse effects of the polymer at a high (10 mg/kg) concentration. The immune response (antipolymer antibody and cytokine production) in mice was also studied. No significant antipolymer IgG was detected for pSAT, and only a transient and low level of IgM was elicited. pSAT was also safe in terms of cytokine response. The polymer was then conjugated to a granulocyte colony stimulating factor (GCSF), a therapeutic protein that is approved by the Federal Drug Administration, in order to study the biodistribution of a pSAT conjugate. A site-selective, two-step synthesis approach was developed for efficient conjugate preparation for the biodistribution study resulting in 90% conjugation efficiency. The organ distribution of GCSF-pSAT was measured by positron emission tomography and compared to controls GCSF and GCSF-poly(ethylene glycol), which confirmed that the trehalose polymer conjugate improved the in vivo half-life of the protein by reducing renal clearance. These findings suggest that trehalose styrenyl polymers are promising for use in therapeutic protein-polymer conjugates for reduced renal clearance of the biomolecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Hoon Ko
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Neil L Forsythe
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Madeline B Gelb
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Kathryn M M Messina
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Uland Y Lau
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Arvind Bhattacharya
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Tove Olafsen
- Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Jason T Lee
- Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Kathleen A Kelly
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Heather D Maynard
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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19
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Taylor RJ, Aguilar Rangel M, Geeson MB, Sormanni P, Vendruscolo M, Bernardes GJL. π-Clamp-Mediated Homo- and Heterodimerization of Single-Domain Antibodies via Site-Specific Homobifunctional Conjugation. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:13026-13031. [PMID: 35834748 PMCID: PMC9335888 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c04747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Post-translational protein-protein conjugation produces bioconjugates that are unavailable via genetic fusion approaches. A method for preparing protein-protein conjugates using π-clamp-mediated cysteine arylation with pentafluorophenyl sulfonamide functional groups is described. Two computationally designed antibodies targeting the SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain were produced (KD = 146, 581 nM) with a π-clamp sequence near the C-terminus and dimerized using this method to provide a 10-60-fold increase in binding (KD = 8-15 nM). When two solvent-exposed cysteine residues were present on the second protein domain, the π-clamp cysteine residue was selectively modified over an Asp-Cys-Glu cysteine residue, allowing for subsequent small-molecule conjugation. With this strategy, we build molecule-protein-protein conjugates with complete chemical control over the sites of modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross J. Taylor
- Centre
for Misfolding Diseases, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K.
| | - Mauricio Aguilar Rangel
- Centre
for Misfolding Diseases, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K.
| | - Michael B. Geeson
- Centre
for Misfolding Diseases, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K.
| | - Pietro Sormanni
- Centre
for Misfolding Diseases, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K.
| | - Michele Vendruscolo
- Centre
for Misfolding Diseases, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K.
| | - Gonçalo J. L. Bernardes
- Centre
for Misfolding Diseases, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K.
- Instituto
de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
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20
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Rodriguez J, Dhanjee HH, Pentelute BL, Buchwald SL. Palladium Mediated Synthesis of Protein-Polyarene Conjugates. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:11706-11712. [PMID: 35749644 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c03492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Catalyst transfer polymerization (CTP) is widely applied to the synthesis of well-defined π-conjugated polymers. Unlike other polymerization reactions that can be performed in water (e.g., controlled radical polymerizations and ring-opening polymerizations), CTP has yet to be adapted for the modification of biopolymers. Here, we report the use of protein-palladium oxidative addition complexes (OACs) that enable catalyst transfer polymerization to furnish protein-polyarene conjugates. These polymerizations occur with electron-deficient monomers in aqueous buffers open to air at mild (≤37 °C) temperatures with full conversion of the protein OAC and an average polymer length of nine repeating units. Proteins with polyarene chains terminated with palladium OACs can be readily isolated. Direct evidence of protein-polyarene OAC formation was obtained using mass spectrometry, and all protein-polyarene chain ends were uniformly functionalized via C-S arylation to terminate the polymerization with a small molecule thiol or a cysteine-containing protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Rodriguez
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Chemistry, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Heemal H Dhanjee
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Chemistry, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Bradley L Pentelute
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Chemistry, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.,The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States.,Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Stephen L Buchwald
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Chemistry, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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21
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Su XC, Zhang LY, Zhao LN, Pan BB, Chen BG, Chen JL, Zhai CL, Li B. Efficient Protein‐Protein Couplings Mediated by Small Molecules under Mild Conditions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202205597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xun-Cheng Su
- Nankai University College of Chemistry Stat Key Laboratory of Elemento-organic Chemistry Weijing Road 94 300071 Tianjin CHINA
| | | | - Li-Na Zhao
- Nankai University college of chemistry CHINA
| | - Bin-Bin Pan
- Nankai University college of chemistry CHINA
| | | | | | | | - Bin Li
- Nankai University college of chemistry CHINA
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22
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Istrate A, Geeson MB, Navo CD, Sousa BB, Marques MC, Taylor RJ, Journeaux T, Oehler SR, Mortensen MR, Deery MJ, Bond AD, Corzana F, Jiménez-Osés G, Bernardes GJL. Platform for Orthogonal N-Cysteine-Specific Protein Modification Enabled by Cyclopropenone Reagents. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:10396-10406. [PMID: 35658467 PMCID: PMC9490850 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c02185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Protein conjugates are valuable tools for studying biological processes or producing therapeutics, such as antibody-drug conjugates. Despite the development of several protein conjugation strategies in recent years, the ability to modify one specific amino acid residue on a protein in the presence of other reactive side chains remains a challenge. We show that monosubstituted cyclopropenone (CPO) reagents react selectively with the 1,2-aminothiol groups of N-terminal cysteine residues to give a stable 1,4-thiazepan-5-one linkage under mild, biocompatible conditions. The CPO-based reagents, all accessible from a common activated ester CPO-pentafluorophenol (CPO-PFP), allow selective modification of N-terminal cysteine-containing peptides and proteins even in the presence of internal, solvent-exposed cysteine residues. This approach enabled the preparation of a dual protein conjugate of 2×cys-GFP, containing both internal and N-terminal cysteine residues, by first modifying the N-terminal residue with a CPO-based reagent followed by modification of the internal cysteine with a traditional cysteine-modifying reagent. CPO-based reagents enabled a copper-free click reaction between two proteins, producing a dimer of a de novo protein mimic of IL2 that binds to the β-IL2 receptor with low nanomolar affinity. Importantly, the reagents are compatible with the common reducing agent dithiothreitol (DTT), a useful property for working with proteins prone to dimerization. Finally, quantum mechanical calculations uncover the origin of selectivity for CPO-based reagents for N-terminal cysteine residues. The ability to distinguish and specifically target N-terminal cysteine residues on proteins facilitates the construction of elaborate multilabeled bioconjugates with minimal protein engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alena Istrate
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, CB2 1EW Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Michael B Geeson
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, CB2 1EW Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Claudio D Navo
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 800, 48160 Derio, Spain
| | - Barbara B Sousa
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Marta C Marques
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ross J Taylor
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, CB2 1EW Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Toby Journeaux
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, CB2 1EW Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Sebastian R Oehler
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Michael R Mortensen
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Michael J Deery
- Cambridge Centre for Proteomics, Gleeson Building, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, CB2 1QR Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew D Bond
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, CB2 1EW Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Francisco Corzana
- Departamento de Química, Universidad de La Rioja, Centro de Investigación en Síntesis Química, 26006 Logroño, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Jiménez-Osés
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 800, 48160 Derio, Spain.,Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Gonçalo J L Bernardes
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, CB2 1EW Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Instituto de Medicina Molecular, João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
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23
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Gazvoda M, Dhanjee HH, Rodriguez J, Brown JS, Farquhar CE, Truex NL, Loas A, Buchwald SL, Pentelute BL. Palladium-Mediated Incorporation of Carboranes into Small Molecules, Peptides, and Proteins. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:7852-7860. [PMID: 35438502 PMCID: PMC9881053 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c01932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Carboranes represent a class of compounds with increasing therapeutic potential. However, few general approaches to readily embed carboranes into small molecules, peptides, and proteins are available. We report a strategy based on palladium-mediated C-X (X = C, S, and N) bond formation for the installation of carborane-containing moieties onto small molecules and peptides. We demonstrate the ability of Pd-based reagents with appropriate ligands to overcome the high hydrophobicity of the carborane group and enable chemoselective conjugation of cysteine residues at room temperature in aqueous buffer. Accordingly, carboranes can be efficiently installed on proteins by employing a combination of a bis-sulfonated biarylphosphine-ligated Pd reagent in an aqueous histidine buffer. This method is successfully employed on nanobodies, a fully synthetic affibody, and the antibody therapeutics trastuzumab and cetuximab. The conjugates of the affibody ZHER2 and the trastuzumab antibody retained binding to their target antigens. Conjugated proteins maintain their activity in cell-based functional assays in HER2-positive BT-474 cell lines. This approach enables the rapid incorporation of carborane moieties into small molecules, peptides, and proteins for further exploration in boron neutron capture therapy, which requires the targeted delivery of boron-dense groups.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jacob Rodriguez
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts, Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Joseph S. Brown
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts, Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Charlotte E. Farquhar
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Nicholas L. Truex
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts, Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Andrei Loas
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts, Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Stephen L. Buchwald
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Bradley L. Pentelute
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States,The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States,Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Massachusetts, Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
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24
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Tilden JAR, Lubben AT, Reeksting SB, Kociok‐Köhn G, Frost CG. Pd(II)-Mediated C-H Activation for Cysteine Bioconjugation. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202104385. [PMID: 34905636 PMCID: PMC9305290 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202104385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Selective bioconjugation remains a significant challenge for the synthetic chemist due to the stringent reaction conditions required by biomolecules coupled with their high degree of functionality. The current trailblazer of transition-metal mediated bioconjugation chemistry involves the use of Pd(II) complexes prepared via an oxidative addition process. Herein, the preparation of Pd(II) complexes for cysteine bioconjugation via a facile C-H activation process is reported. These complexes show bioconjugation efficiency competitive with what is seen in the current literature, with a user-friendly synthesis, common Pd(II) sources, and a more cost-effective ligand. Furthermore, these complexes need not be isolated, and still achieve high conversion efficiency and selectivity of a model peptide. These complexes also demonstrate the ability to selectively arylate a single surface cysteine residue on a model protein substrate, further demonstrating their utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A. R. Tilden
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of BathClaverton DownBA2 7AYBathUnited Kingdom
| | - Anneke T. Lubben
- Materials and Chemical Characterization (MC2)University of BathClaverton DownBA2 7AYBathUnited Kingdom
| | - Shaun B. Reeksting
- Materials and Chemical Characterization (MC2)University of BathClaverton DownBA2 7AYBathUnited Kingdom
| | - Gabriele Kociok‐Köhn
- Materials and Chemical Characterization (MC2)University of BathClaverton DownBA2 7AYBathUnited Kingdom
| | - Christopher G. Frost
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of BathClaverton DownBA2 7AYBathUnited Kingdom
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25
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Wang S, Zhou Q, Zhang X, Wang P. Site‐Selective Itaconation of Complex Peptides by Photoredox Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202111388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Siyao Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules Shanghai Jiao Tong University No. 800, Dongchuan Rd Shanghai 200240 China
| | - QingQing Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules Shanghai Jiao Tong University No. 800, Dongchuan Rd Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Xiaheng Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 1 Sub-lane Xiangshan Hangzhou 310024 China
| | - Ping Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules Shanghai Jiao Tong University No. 800, Dongchuan Rd Shanghai 200240 China
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26
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Wang S, Zhou Q, Zhang X, Wang P. Site-Selective Itaconation of Complex Peptides by Photoredox Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202111388. [PMID: 34845804 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202111388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Site-selective peptide functionalization provides a straightforward and cost-effective access to diversify peptides for biological studies. Among many existing non-invasive peptide conjugations methodologies, photoredox catalysis has emerged as one of the powerful approaches for site-specific manipulation on native peptides. Herein, we report a highly N-termini-specific method to rapidly access itaconated peptides and their derivatives through a combination of transamination and photoredox conditions. This strategy exploits the facile reactivity of peptidyl-dihydropyridine in the complex peptide settings, complementing existing approaches for bioconjugations with excellent selectivity under mild conditions. Distinct from conventional methods, this method utilizes the highly reactive carbamoyl radical derived from a peptidyl-dihydropyridine. In addition, this itaconated peptide can be further functionalized as a Michael acceptor to access the corresponding peptide-protein conjugate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyao Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800, Dongchuan Rd, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - QingQing Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800, Dongchuan Rd, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xiaheng Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Sub-lane Xiangshan, Hangzhou, 310024, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800, Dongchuan Rd, Shanghai, 200240, China
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27
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Jiang Z, Zhao DD, Hu YT, Rao Y, Guo SY, Xu YH, Li Q, Huang ZS. Palladium oxidative addition complex-enabled synthesis of amino-substituted indolyl-4(3 H)-quinazolinones and their antitumor activity evaluation. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 20:553-557. [PMID: 34932056 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob02307a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The indolyl-4(3H)-quinazolinone core is an important structural motif in functional molecules. However, few methods exist for its direct modification, which limits its potential application. Reported herein is a palladium-mediated amination of halogen-containing indolyl-4(3H)-quinazolinones with a variety of primary and secondary amines via the corresponding palladium oxidative addition complexes. The protocol allows the facile synthesis of indolyl-4(3H)-quinazolinone derivatives with amino groups at all the positions of the benzene ring in moderate to good yields with mild reaction conditions and good functional group tolerance. Furthermore, the antitumor activity of these products was evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Jiang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Dan-Dan Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Yu-Tao Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Yong Rao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Shi-Yao Guo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Yao-Hao Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Qingjiang Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Zhi-Shu Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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28
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Keenan T, Spears RJ, Akkad S, Mahon CS, Hatton NE, Walton J, Noble A, Yates ND, Baumann CG, Parkin A, Signoret N, Fascione MA. A Tale of Two Bioconjugations: pH Controlled Divergent Reactivity of Protein α-oxo-Aldehydes in Competing α-oxo-Mannich and Catalyst-Free Aldol Ligations. ACS Chem Biol 2021; 16:2387-2400. [PMID: 34751550 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.1c00531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Site-selective chemical methods for protein bioconjugation have revolutionized the fields of cell and chemical biology through the development of novel protein/enzyme probes bearing fluorescent, spectroscopic, or even toxic cargos. Herein, we report two new methods for the bioconjugation of α-oxo aldehyde handles within proteins using small molecule aniline and/or phenol probes. The "α-oxo-Mannich" and "catalyst-free aldol" ligations both compete for the electrophilic α-oxo aldehyde, which displays pH divergent reactivity proceeding through the "Mannich" pathway at acidic pH to afford bifunctionalized bioconjugates, and the "catalyst-free aldol" pathway at neutral pH to afford monofunctionalized bioconjugates. We explore the substrate scope and utility of both of these bioconjugations in the construction of neoglycoproteins, in the process formulating a mechanistic rationale for how both pathways intersect with each other at different reaction pH's.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tessa Keenan
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, York, United Kingdom YO10 5DD
| | - Richard J. Spears
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, York, United Kingdom YO10 5DD
| | - Saeed Akkad
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, York, United Kingdom YO10 5DD
| | - Clare S. Mahon
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Durham, United Kingdom DH1 3LE
| | - Natasha E. Hatton
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, York, United Kingdom YO10 5DD
| | - Julia Walton
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, York, United Kingdom YO10 5DD
| | - Amanda Noble
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, York, United Kingdom YO10 5DD
| | - Nicholas D. Yates
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, York, United Kingdom YO10 5DD
| | | | - Alison Parkin
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, York, United Kingdom YO10 5DD
| | - Nathalie Signoret
- Hull York Medical School, University of York, York, United Kingdom YO10 5DD
| | - Martin A. Fascione
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, York, United Kingdom YO10 5DD
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29
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Pomplun S, Jbara M, Schissel CK, Wilson Hawken S, Boija A, Li C, Klein I, Pentelute BL. Parallel Automated Flow Synthesis of Covalent Protein Complexes That Can Inhibit MYC-Driven Transcription. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2021; 7:1408-1418. [PMID: 34471684 PMCID: PMC8393199 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.1c00663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Dysregulation of the transcription factor MYC is involved in many human cancers. The dimeric transcription factor complexes of MYC/MAX and MAX/MAX activate or inhibit, respectively, gene transcription upon binding to the same enhancer box DNA. Targeting these complexes in cancer is a long-standing challenge. Inspired by the inhibitory activity of the MAX/MAX dimer, we engineered covalently linked, synthetic homo- and heterodimeric protein complexes to attenuate oncogenic MYC-driven transcription. We prepared the covalent protein complexes (∼20 kDa, 167-231 residues) in a single shot via parallel automated flow synthesis in hours. The stabilized covalent dimers display DNA binding activity, are intrinsically cell-penetrant, and inhibit cancer cell proliferation in different cell lines. RNA sequencing and gene set enrichment analysis in A549 cancer cells confirmed that the synthetic dimers interfere with MYC-driven transcription. Our results demonstrate the potential of automated flow technology to rapidly deliver engineered synthetic protein complex mimetics that can serve as a starting point in developing inhibitors of MYC-driven cancer cell growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Pomplun
- Department
of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of
Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Muhammad Jbara
- Department
of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of
Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Carly K. Schissel
- Department
of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of
Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Susana Wilson Hawken
- Whitehead
Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
- Department
of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Ann Boija
- Whitehead
Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
- Department
of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Charles Li
- Whitehead
Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
- Department
of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Isaac Klein
- Whitehead
Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
- Department
of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Bradley L. Pentelute
- Department
of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of
Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- The
Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
- Center
for Environmental Health Sciences, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Broad Institute
of MIT and Harvard, 415
Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
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30
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King RP, Krska SW, Buchwald SL. A Ligand Exchange Process for the Diversification of Palladium Oxidative Addition Complexes. Org Lett 2021; 23:6030-6034. [PMID: 34319123 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c02101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Palladium oxidative addition complexes (OACs) have recently emerged as useful tools to enable challenging bond connections. However, each OAC can only be formed with one dative ligand at a time. As no one ligand is optimal for every cross-coupling reaction, we herein disclose a ligand exchange protocol for the preparation of a series of OACs bearing a variety of ancillary ligands from one common complex. These complexes were further applied to cross-coupling transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan P King
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Shane W Krska
- Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Stephen L Buchwald
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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31
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Jbara M, Pomplun S, Schissel CK, Hawken SW, Boija A, Klein I, Rodriguez J, Buchwald SL, Pentelute BL. Engineering Bioactive Dimeric Transcription Factor Analogs via Palladium Rebound Reagents. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:11788-11798. [PMID: 34289685 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c05666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Transcription factors (TF), such as Myc, are proteins implicated in disease pathogenesis, with dysregulation of Myc expression in 50% of all human cancers. Still, targeting Myc remains a challenge due to the lack of small molecule binding pockets in the tertiary structure. Here, we report synthetic covalently linked TF mimetics that inhibit oncogenic Myc-driven transcription by antagonistic binding of the target DNA-binding site. We combined automated flow peptide chemistry with palladium(II) oxidative addition complexes (OACs) to engineer covalent protein dimers derived from the DNA-binding domains of Myc, Max, and Omomyc TF analogs. Palladium-mediated cross-coupling of synthesized protein monomers resulted in milligram quantities of seven different covalent homo- and heterodimers. The covalent helical dimers were found to bind DNA and exhibited improved thermal stability. Cell-based studies revealed the Max-Max covalent dimer is cell-penetrating and interfered with Myc-dependent gene transcription resulting in reduced cancer cell proliferation (EC50 of 6 μM in HeLa). RNA sequencing and gene analysis of extracted RNA from treated cancer cells confirmed that the covalent Max-Max homodimer interferes with Myc-dependent transcription. Flow chemistry, combined with palladium(II) OACs, has enabled a practical strategy to generate new bioactive compounds to inhibit tumor cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Jbara
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Sebastian Pomplun
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Carly K Schissel
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Susana Wilson Hawken
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States.,Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Ann Boija
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States.,Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Isaac Klein
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States.,Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jacob Rodriguez
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Stephen L Buchwald
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Bradley L Pentelute
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.,The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States.,Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
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32
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Laserna V, Istrate A, Kafuta K, Hakala TA, Knowles TPJ, Alcarazo M, Bernardes GJL. Protein Conjugation by Electrophilic Alkynylation Using 5-(Alkynyl)dibenzothiophenium Triflates. Bioconjug Chem 2021; 32:1570-1575. [PMID: 34232618 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.1c00317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
5-(Alkynyl)dibenzothiophenium triflates are introduced as new reagents to prepare different protein conjugates through site-selective cysteine alkynylation. The protocol developed allows a highly efficient label of free cysteine-containing proteins with relevant biological roles, such as ubiquitin, the C2A domain of Synaptotagmin-I, or HER2 targeting nanobodies. An electrophilic bis-alkynylating reagent was also designed. The second alkynylating handle thus introduced in the desired protein enables access to protein-thiol, protein-peptide, and protein-protein conjugates, and even diubiquitin dimers can be prepared through this approach. The low excess of reagent needed, mild reaction conditions used, short reaction times, and stability of the S-C(alkyne) bonds at physiological conditions make this approach an interesting addition to the toolbox of classical, site-selective cysteine-conjugation methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Laserna
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, CB2 1EW Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Alena Istrate
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, CB2 1EW Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin Kafuta
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstr. 2, 37077-Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tuuli A Hakala
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, CB2 1EW Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Tuomas P J Knowles
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, CB2 1EW Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Manuel Alcarazo
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstr. 2, 37077-Göttingen, Germany
| | - Gonçalo J L Bernardes
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, CB2 1EW Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
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33
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Miller MK, Ball ZT. Boronic Acid Reagents for Transition‐Metal‐Mediated Cross‐Coupling with Proteins and Peptides. Isr J Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.202100012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mary K. Miller
- Department of Chemistry Rice University 6100 Main Houston TX 77005 USA
| | - Zachary T. Ball
- Department of Chemistry Rice University 6100 Main Houston TX 77005 USA
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34
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Waddington MA, Zheng X, Stauber JM, Hakim Moully E, Montgomery HR, Saleh LMA, Král P, Spokoyny AM. An Organometallic Strategy for Cysteine Borylation. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:8661-8668. [PMID: 34060827 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c02206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic bioconjugation at cysteine (Cys) residues in peptides and proteins has emerged as a powerful tool in chemistry. Soft nucleophilicity of the sulfur in Cys renders an exquisite chemoselectivity with which various functional groups can be placed onto this residue under benign conditions. While a variety of reactions have been successful at producing Cys-based bioconjugates, the majority of these feature sulfur-carbon bonds. We report Cys-borylation, wherein a benchtop stable Pt(II)-based organometallic reagent can be used to transfer a boron-rich cluster onto a sulfur moiety in unprotected peptides forging a boron-sulfur bond. Cys-borylation proceeds at room temperature and tolerates a variety of functional groups present in complex polypeptides. Further, the bioconjugation strategy can be applied to a model protein modification of Cys-containing DARPin (designed ankyrin repeat protein). The resultant bioconjugates show no additional toxicity compared to their Cys alkyl-based congeners. Finally, we demonstrate how the developed Cys-borylation can enhance the proteolytic stability of the resultant peptide bioconjugates while maintaining the binding affinity to a protein target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary A Waddington
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Xin Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Julia M Stauber
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Elamar Hakim Moully
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Hayden R Montgomery
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Liban M A Saleh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Petr Král
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States.,Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Alexander M Spokoyny
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States.,California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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35
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Jbara M, Rodriguez J, Dhanjee HH, Loas A, Buchwald SL, Pentelute BL. Oligonucleotide Bioconjugation with Bifunctional Palladium Reagents. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202103180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Jbara
- Department of Chemistry Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Ave. Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Jacob Rodriguez
- Department of Chemistry Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Ave. Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Heemal H. Dhanjee
- Department of Chemistry Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Ave. Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Andrei Loas
- Department of Chemistry Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Ave. Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Stephen L. Buchwald
- Department of Chemistry Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Ave. Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Bradley L. Pentelute
- Department of Chemistry Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Ave. Cambridge MA 02139 USA
- The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research Massachusetts Institute of Technology 500 Main Street Cambridge MA 02142 USA
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge MA 02139 USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard 415 Main Street Cambridge MA 02142 USA
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36
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Jbara M, Rodriguez J, Dhanjee HH, Loas A, Buchwald SL, Pentelute BL. Oligonucleotide Bioconjugation with Bifunctional Palladium Reagents. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:12109-12115. [PMID: 33730425 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202103180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Organometallic reagents enable practical strategies for bioconjugation. Innovations in the design of water-soluble ligands and the enhancement of reaction rates have allowed for chemoselective cross-coupling reactions of peptides and proteins to be carried out in water. There are currently no organometallic-based methods for oligonucleotide bioconjugation to other biomolecules. Here we report bifunctional palladium(II)-oxidative addition complexes (OACs) as reagents for high-yielding oligonucleotide bioconjugation reactions. These bifunctional OACs react chemoselectively with amine-modified oligonucleotides to generate the first isolable, bench stable oligonucleotide-palladium(II) OACs. These complexes undergo site-selective C-S arylation with a broad range of native thiol-containing biomolecules at low micromolar concentrations in under one hour. This approach provided oligonucleotide-peptide, oligonucleotide-protein, oligonucleotide-small molecule, and oligonucleotide-oligonucleotide conjugates in >80 % yield and afforded conjugation of multiple copies of oligonucleotides onto a monoclonal antibody.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Jbara
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Jacob Rodriguez
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Heemal H Dhanjee
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Andrei Loas
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Stephen L Buchwald
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Bradley L Pentelute
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.,The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.,Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
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37
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Rodriguez J, Dhanjee HH, Buchwald SL. Amphiphilic Biaryl Monophosphine Ligands by Regioselective Sulfonation. Org Lett 2021; 23:777-780. [PMID: 33475382 PMCID: PMC8057820 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c04001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Amphiphilic ligands are valued for their ability to facilitate organometallic reactions in the presence of water. The regioselective sulfonation of a series of commercially available biaryl monophosphines to generate amphiphilic ligands is presented. In this one-step protocol, the temperature and addition of fuming sulfuric acid were carefully controlled to arrive at sulfonated biaryl monophosphine ligands in high yields with >95% regioselectivity without the need for chromatographic purification.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Stephen L. Buchwald
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139, United States
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38
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Kaplaneris N, Kaltenhӓuser F, Sirvinskaite G, Fan S, De Oliveira T, Conradi LC, Ackermann L. Late-stage stitching enabled by manganese-catalyzed C─H activation: Peptide ligation and access to cyclopeptides. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabe6202. [PMID: 33637533 PMCID: PMC7909873 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abe6202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Bioorthogonal late-stage diversification of structurally complex peptides bears enormous potential for drug discovery and molecular imaging. Despite major accomplishments, these strategies heavily rely on noble-metal catalysis. Herein, we report on a manganese(I)-catalyzed peptide C─H hydroarylation that enabled the stitching of peptidic and sugar fragments, under exceedingly mild and racemization-free conditions. This convergent approach represents an atom-economical alternative to traditional iterative peptide synthesis. The robustness of the manganese(I) catalysis regime is reflected by the full tolerance of a plethora of sensitive functional groups. Our strategy enabled an expedient access to challenging cyclic peptides by a modular late-stage macrocyclization of structurally complex peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Kaplaneris
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Felix Kaltenhӓuser
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Giedre Sirvinskaite
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Shuang Fan
- Clinic of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Straße 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tiago De Oliveira
- Clinic of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Straße 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Lena-Christin Conradi
- Clinic of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Straße 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Lutz Ackermann
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Potsdamer Straße 58, 10785 Berlin, Germany
- Wöhler Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry, Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammastraße 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
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39
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Kato M, Foley B, Vu J, Huynh M, Lucero K, Harmon C, Cheruzel L. Promoting P450 BM3 heme domain dimerization with a tris(5-iodoacetamido-1,10-phenanthroline)Ru(II) complex. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2020; 67:536-540. [PMID: 33376255 DOI: 10.1002/bab.1970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Protein dimerization often occurs in many biological systems as to provide structural and functional advantages. A tris(5-iodoacetamido-1,10-phenanthroline)Ruthenium(II) complex was shown to promote the covalent dimerization of a P450 BM3 heme domain mutant containing a surface exposed non-native single cysteine residue. The formation of homodimeric species was confirmed by protein gel electrophoresis, mass spectrometry and UV-Vis spectroscopy. The dimeric species could be separated from the monomer and aggregates by size-exclusion chromatography. Docking simulation reveals a plausible structure with two proteins covalently conjugated to the inorganic compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mallory Kato
- San José State University, Department of Chemistry, One Washington Square, San José, CA 95192-0101
| | - Bridget Foley
- San José State University, Department of Chemistry, One Washington Square, San José, CA 95192-0101
| | - Julia Vu
- San José State University, Department of Chemistry, One Washington Square, San José, CA 95192-0101
| | - Michael Huynh
- San José State University, Department of Chemistry, One Washington Square, San José, CA 95192-0101
| | - Kathreena Lucero
- San José State University, Department of Chemistry, One Washington Square, San José, CA 95192-0101
| | - Caroline Harmon
- San José State University, Department of Chemistry, One Washington Square, San José, CA 95192-0101
| | - Lionel Cheruzel
- San José State University, Department of Chemistry, One Washington Square, San José, CA 95192-0101
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Dhanjee HH, Buslov I, Windsor IW, Raines RT, Pentelute BL, Buchwald SL. Palladium-Protein Oxidative Addition Complexes by Amine-Selective Acylation. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:21237-21242. [PMID: 33319995 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c09180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Palladium oxidative addition complexes (OACs) are traditionally accessed by treating an aryl halide-containing substrate with a palladium(0) source. Here, a new strategy to selectively prepare stable OACs from amino groups on native proteins is presented. The approach relies on an amine-selective acylation reaction that occurs without modification of a preformed palladium(II)-aryl group. Once transferred onto a protein substrate, the palladium(II)-aryl group facilitates conjugation by undergoing reaction with a second, cysteine-containing protein. This operationally simple method is applicable to native, nonengineered enzymes as well as antibodies and is carried out in an aqueous setting and open to air. The resulting Pd-protein OACs are stable, storable reagents that retain biological activity and can be used to achieve protein-protein cross-coupling at nanomolar concentrations within hours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heemal H Dhanjee
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Ivan Buslov
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Ian W Windsor
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Ronald T Raines
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Bradley L Pentelute
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Stephen L Buchwald
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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Matsuda Y, Mendelsohn BA. An overview of process development for antibody-drug conjugates produced by chemical conjugation technology. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2020; 21:963-975. [PMID: 33141625 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2021.1846714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: We discuss chemical conjugation strategies for antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) from an industrial perspective and compare three promising chemical conjugation technologies to produce site-specific ADCs.Areas covered: Currently, nine ADCs are commercially approved and all are produced by chemical conjugation technology. However, seven of these ADCs contain a relatively broad drug distribution, potentially limiting their therapeutic indices. In 2019, the first site-specific ADC was launched on the market by Daiichi-Sankyo. This achievement, and an analysis of clinical trials over the last decade, indicates that current industrial interest in the ADC field is shifting toward site-specific conjugation technologies. From an industrial point of view, we aim to provide guidance regarding established conjugation methodologies that have already been applied to scale-up stages. With an emphasis on highly productive, scalable, and synthetic process robustness, conjugation methodologies for ADC production is discussed herein.Expert opinion: All three chemical conjugation technologies described in this review have various advantages and disadvantages, therefore drug developers can utilize these depending on their biological and/or protein targets. The future landscape of the ADC field is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Matsuda
- Research Institute for Bioscience Products & Fine Chemicals, Ajinomoto Co Inc., 1-1 Suzuki-cho, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki 210-8681, Japan
| | - Brian A Mendelsohn
- Process Development & Tech Transfer, Ajinomoto Bio-Pharma Services, 11040 Roselle Street, San Diego, CA 92121, United States
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Geeson M, Bernardes GJL. Protein-Protein Conjugates: Tyrosine Delivers. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2020; 6:1473-1475. [PMID: 32999919 PMCID: PMC7517117 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.0c01008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael
B. Geeson
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, CB2 1EW Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Gonçalo J. L. Bernardes
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, CB2 1EW Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Instituto
de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
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Rodríguez J, Martínez-Calvo M. Transition-Metal-Mediated Modification of Biomolecules. Chemistry 2020; 26:9792-9813. [PMID: 32602145 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202001287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The site-selective modification of biomolecules has grown spectacularly in recent years. The presence of a large number of functional groups in a biomolecule makes its chemo- and regioselective modification a challenging goal. In this context, transition-metal-mediated reactions are emerging as a powerful tool owing to their unique reactivity and good functional group compatibility, allowing highly efficient and selective bioconjugation reactions that operate under mild conditions. This Minireview focuses on the current state of organometallic chemistry for bioconjugation, highlighting the potential of transition metals for the development of chemoselective and site-specific methods for functionalization of peptides, proteins and nucleic acids. The importance of the selection of ligands attached to the transition metal for conferring the desired chemoselectivity will be highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Rodríguez
- Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée, Université Paul Sabatier/CNRS UMR 5069, 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062, Toulouse Cedex 09, France
| | - Miguel Martínez-Calvo
- Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), AE CICA-INIBIC, Departamento de Química, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, Campus de Elviña, 15071 A, Coruña, Galicia, Spain
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Abstract
Abstract
Site-specific protein conjugation is a critical step in the generation of unique protein analogs for a range of basic research and therapeutic developments. Protein transformations must target a precise residue in the presence of a plethora of functional groups to obtain a well-characterized homogeneous product. Competing reactive residues on natural proteins render rapid and selective conjugation a challenging task. Organometallic reagents have recently emerged as a powerful strategy to achieve site-specific labeling of a diverse set of biopolymers, due to advances in water-soluble ligand design, high reaction rate, and selectivity. The thiophilic nature of various transition metals, especially soft metals, makes cysteine an ideal target for these reagents. The distinctive reactivity and selectivity of organometallic-based reactions, along with the unique reactivity and abundancy of cysteine within the human proteome, provide a powerful platform to modify native proteins in aqueous media. These reactions often provide the modified proteins with a stable linkage made from irreversible cross-coupling steps. Additionally, transition metal reagents have recently been applied for the decaging of cysteine residues in the context of chemical protein synthesis. Orthogonal cysteine protecting groups and functional tags are often necessary for the synthesis of challenging proteins, and organometallic reagents are powerful tools for selective, rapid, and water-compatible removal of those moieties. This review examines transition metal-based reactions of cysteine residues for the synthesis and modification of natural peptides and proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Jbara
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Department of Chemistry , 77 Massachusetts Avenue , Cambridge , MA , 02139, USA
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