1
|
Dey J, Kaltenberger S, van Gemmeren M. Palladium(II)-Catalyzed Nondirected Late-Stage C(sp 2)-H Deuteration of Heteroarenes Enabled Through a Multi-Substrate Screening Approach. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202404421. [PMID: 38512005 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202404421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
The importance of deuterium labelling in a variety of applications, ranging from mechanistic studies to drug-discovery, has spurred immense interest in the development of new methods for its efficient incorporation in organic, and especially in bioactive molecules. The five-membered heteroarenes at the center of this work are ubiquitous motifs in bioactive molecules and efficient methods for the deuterium labelling of these compounds are therefore highly desirable. However, the profound differences in chemical properties encountered between different heteroarenes hamper the development of a single set of broadly applicable reaction conditions, often necessitating a separate optimization campaign for a given type of heteroarene. In this study we describe the use of a multi-substrate screening approach to identify optimal reaction conditions for different classes of heteroarenes from a minimal number of screening reactions. Using this approach, four sets of complementary reaction conditions derived from our dual ligand-based palladium catalysts for nondirected C(sp2)-H activation were identified, that together enable the deuteration of structurally diverse heteroarenes, including bioactive molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jyotirmoy Dey
- Otto-Diels-Institut für Organische Chemie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Otto-Hahn-Platz 4, 24098, Kiel, Germany
| | - Simon Kaltenberger
- Otto-Diels-Institut für Organische Chemie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Otto-Hahn-Platz 4, 24098, Kiel, Germany
| | - Manuel van Gemmeren
- Otto-Diels-Institut für Organische Chemie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Otto-Hahn-Platz 4, 24098, Kiel, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Mondal T, Leitner W, Hölscher M. Computational design of cooperatively acting molecular catalyst systems: carbene based tungsten- or molybdenum-catalysts with rhodium- or iridium-complexes for the ionic hydrogenation of N 2 to NH 3. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:7890-7898. [PMID: 38634911 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt00563e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
This density functional theory (DFT) study explores the efficacy of cooperative catalytic systems in enabling the ionic hydrogenation of N2 with H2, leading to NH3 formation. A set of N-heterocyclic carbene-based pincer tungsten/molybdenum metal complexes of the form [(PCP)M1(H)2] (M1 = W/Mo) were chosen to bind N2 at the respective metal centres. Simultaneously, cationic rhodium/iridium complexes of type [Cp*M2{2-(2-pyridyl)phenyl}(CH3CN)]+ (Cp* = C5(CH3)5 and M2 = Rh/Ir), are employed as cooperative coordination partners for heterolytic H2 splitting. The stepwise transfer of protons and hydrides to the bound N2 and intermediate NxHy units results in the formation of NH3. Interestingly, the calculated results reveal an encouraging low range of energy spans ranging from ∼30 to 42 kcal mol-1 depending on different combinations of ligands and metal complexes. The optimal combination of pincer ligand and metal center allowed for an energy span of unprecedented 29.7 kcal mol-1 demonstrating significant potential for molecular catalysts for the N2/H2 reaction system. While exploring obvious potential off-cycle reactions leading to catalyst deactivation, the computed results indicate that no increase in energy span would need to be expected.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Totan Mondal
- Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Walter Leitner
- Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Energiekonversion, Stiftstr. 34-36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Markus Hölscher
- Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Landaeta VR, Horsley Downie TM, Wolf R. Low-Valent Transition Metalate Anions in Synthesis, Small Molecule Activation, and Catalysis. Chem Rev 2024; 124:1323-1463. [PMID: 38354371 PMCID: PMC10906008 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
This review surveys the synthesis and reactivity of low-oxidation state metalate anions of the d-block elements, with an emphasis on contributions reported between 2006 and 2022. Although the field has a long and rich history, the chemistry of transition metalate anions has been greatly enhanced in the last 15 years by the application of advanced concepts in complex synthesis and ligand design. In recent years, the potential of highly reactive metalate complexes in the fields of small molecule activation and homogeneous catalysis has become increasingly evident. Consequently, exciting applications in small molecule activation have been developed, including in catalytic transformations. This article intends to guide the reader through the fascinating world of low-valent transition metalates. The first part of the review describes the synthesis and reactivity of d-block metalates stabilized by an assortment of ligand frameworks, including carbonyls, isocyanides, alkenes and polyarenes, phosphines and phosphorus heterocycles, amides, and redox-active nitrogen-based ligands. Thereby, the reader will be familiarized with the impact of different ligand types on the physical and chemical properties of metalates. In addition, ion-pairing interactions and metal-metal bonding may have a dramatic influence on metalate structures and reactivities. The complex ramifications of these effects are examined in a separate section. The second part of the review is devoted to the reactivity of the metalates toward small inorganic molecules such as H2, N2, CO, CO2, P4 and related species. It is shown that the use of highly electron-rich and reactive metalates in small molecule activation translates into impressive catalytic properties in the hydrogenation of organic molecules and the reduction of N2, CO, and CO2. The results discussed in this review illustrate that the potential of transition metalate anions is increasingly being tapped for challenging catalytic processes with relevance to organic synthesis and energy conversion. Therefore, it is hoped that this review will serve as a useful resource to inspire further developments in this dynamic research field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Robert Wolf
- University of Regensburg, Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Li P, Du Z, Wu B, Zhao X, You Y. Highly effective and selective FeBr 3-promoted deuterium bromination/cyclization of 1, n-enynes. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:959-964. [PMID: 38205648 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01778h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
A highly effective and selective FeBr3-promoted deuterium bromination/cyclization of 1,n-enynes is reported. On the one hand, the Lewis acid FeBr3 as a catalyst promotes cyclization of 1,n-enynes to afford deuterium heterocyclic frameworks with high efficiency. On the other hand, FeBr3 serves as the bromine source (with D2O as the deuterium source) to promote the formation of the desired deuterated pyrrole derivatives containing alkenyl bromide groups. This protocol provides an effective pathway to afford deuterated alkenyl brominative compounds as (Z)-isomers with high yields and selectivity, offering a new method for introducing 2H into organic compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ping Li
- Department of Cable Engineering, Henan Institute of Technology, Xinxiang, 453000, China
| | - Zhongjian Du
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology and Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering, Hefei 230009, China.
| | - Baofeng Wu
- Research Institute of Exploration and Development, PetroChina, Daqing Oilfield Company, Daqing 163712, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Research Institute of Exploration and Development, PetroChina, Daqing Oilfield Company, Daqing 163712, China
| | - Yang'en You
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology and Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering, Hefei 230009, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Cattani S, Cera G. Modern Organometallic C-H Functionalizations with Earth-Abundant Iron Catalysts: An Update. Chem Asian J 2024; 19:e202300897. [PMID: 38051920 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202300897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Iron-catalyzed C-H activation has recently emerged as an increasingly powerful synthetic method for the step- and atom- economical direct C-H functionalizations of otherwise inert C-H bonds. Iron's low-cost and toxicity along with its catalytic versatility have encouraged the scientific community to elect this metal for the development of new C-H activation methodologies. Within this review, we aim to present a collection of the most recent examples of iron-catalyzed C-H functionalizations with a particular emphasis on modern synthetic strategies and mechanistic aspects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Cattani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Gianpiero Cera
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Shim SY. Late-Stage C-H Activation of Drug (Derivative) Molecules with Pd(ll) Catalysis. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202302620. [PMID: 37846586 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
This review comprehensively analyses representative examples of Pd(II)-catalyzed late-stage C-H activation reactions and demonstrates their efficacy in converting C-H bonds at multiple positions within drug (derivative) molecules into diverse functional groups. These transformative reactions hold immense potential in medicinal chemistry, enabling the efficient and selective functionalization of specific sites within drug molecules, thereby enhancing their pharmacological activity and expanding the scope of potential drug candidates. Although notable articles have focused on late-stage C-H functionalization reactions of drug-like molecules using transition-metal catalysts, reviews specifically focusing on late-stage C-H functionalization reactions of drug (derivative) molecules using Pd(II) catalysts are required owing to their prominence as the most widely utilized metal catalysts for C-H activation and their ability to introduce a myriad of functional groups at specific C-H bonds. The utilization of Pd-catalyzed C-H activation methodologies demonstrates impressive success in introducing various functional groups, such as cyano (CN), fluorine (F), chlorine (Cl), aromatic rings, olefin, alkyl, alkyne, and hydroxyl groups, to drug (derivative) molecules with high regioselectivity and functional-group tolerance. These breakthroughs in late-stage C-H activation reactions serve as invaluable tools for drug discovery and development, thereby offering strategic options to optimize drug candidates and drive the exploration of innovative therapeutic solutions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Su Yong Shim
- Infectious Diseases Therapeutic Research Center Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT) KRICT School, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Damont A, Legrand A, Cao C, Fenaille F, Tabet JC. Hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry in the world of small molecules. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2023; 42:1300-1331. [PMID: 34859466 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The combined use of hydrogen/deuterium exchange (HDX) and mass spectrometry (MS), referred to as HDX-MS, is a powerful tool for exploring molecular edifices and has been used for over 60 years. Initially for structural and mechanistic investigation of low-molecular weight organic compounds, then to study protein structure and dynamics, then, the craze to study small molecules by HDX-MS accelerated and has not stopped yet. The purpose of this review is to present its different facets with particular emphasis on recent developments and applications. Reversible H/D exchanges of mobilizable protons as well as stable exchanges of non-labile hydrogen are considered whether they are taking place in solution or in the gas phase, or enzymatically in a biological media. Some fundamental principles are restated, especially for gas-phase processes, and an overview of recent applications, ranging from identification to quantification through the study of metabolic pathways, is given.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annelaure Damont
- Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), MetaboHUB, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Anaïs Legrand
- Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), MetaboHUB, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Chenqin Cao
- Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), MetaboHUB, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - François Fenaille
- Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), MetaboHUB, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Jean-Claude Tabet
- Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), MetaboHUB, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Faculté des Sciences et de l'Ingénierie, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire (IPCM), Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Mishra P, Kiran NS, Romanholo Ferreira LF, Yadav KK, Mulla SI. New insights into the bioremediation of petroleum contaminants: A systematic review. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 326:138391. [PMID: 36933841 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Petroleum product is an essential resource for energy, that has been exploited by wide range of industries and regular life. A carbonaceous contamination of marine and terrestrial environments caused by errant runoffs of consequential petroleum-derived contaminants. Additionally, petroleum hydrocarbons can have adverse effects on human health and global ecosystems and also have negative demographic consequences in petroleum industries. Key contaminants of petroleum products, primarily includes aliphatic hydrocarbons, benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), resins, and asphaltenes. On environmental interaction, these pollutants result in ecotoxicity as well as human toxicity. Oxidative stress, mitochondrial damage, DNA mutations, and protein dysfunction are a few key causative mechanisms behind the toxic impacts. Henceforth, it becomes very evident to have certain remedial strategies which could help on eliminating these xenobiotics from the environment. This brings the efficacious application of bioremediation to remove or degrade pollutants from the ecosystems. In the recent scenario, extensive research and experimentation have been implemented towards bio-benign remediation of these petroleum-based pollutants, aiming to reduce the load of these toxic molecules in the environment. This review gives a detailed overview of petroleum pollutants, and their toxicity. Methods used for degrading them in the environment using microbes, periphytes, phyto-microbial interactions, genetically modified organisms, and nano-microbial remediation. All of these methods could have a significant impact on environmental management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prabhakar Mishra
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied Sciences, REVA University, Bengaluru, 560064, Karnataka, India.
| | - Neelakanta Sarvashiva Kiran
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied Sciences, REVA University, Bengaluru, 560064, Karnataka, India
| | - Luiz Fernando Romanholo Ferreira
- Graduate Program in Process Engineering, Tiradentes University, Av. Murilo Dantas, 300, Farolândia, Aracaju, Sergipe, 49032-490, Brazil
| | - Krishna Kumar Yadav
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Madhyanchal Professional University, Ratibad, Bhopal, 462044, India
| | - Sikandar I Mulla
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Allied Health Sciences, REVA University, Bengaluru, 560064, Karnataka, India.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Yun SJ, Kim J, Kang E, Jung H, Kim HT, Kim M, Joo JM. Nondirected Pd-Catalyzed C–H Perdeuteration and meta-Selective Alkenylation of Arenes Enabled by Pyrazolopyridone Ligands. ACS Catal 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c06303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Seo Jin Yun
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea
| | - Jisu Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea
| | - Eunsu Kang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea
| | - Hoimin Jung
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Hyun Tae Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea
| | - Minkyu Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea
| | - Jung Min Joo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Song H, Zhang W, Zhou H, Wei J, Cai X, Yang F, Li W, Xu C. Remote Site-Selective C(sp 3)–H Monodeuteration of Unactivated Alkenes via Chain-Walking Strategy. ACS Catal 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.3c00559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Heng Song
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, P. R. China
| | - Hu Zhou
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Jingjing Wei
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Xingwei Cai
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Fu Yang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Wei Li
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Chen Xu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Garhwal S, Panda J, Fridman N, Karton A, de Ruiter G. Formation of distinct iron hydrides via mechanistic divergence in directed C-H Bond activation of aryl ketones, esters and amides. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:426-429. [PMID: 36515102 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc04394g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Directing groups play an important role in controlling the selectivity of C-H bond activation. Here we demonstrate that for iron, the nature of the directing group (e.g., ketone, ester, or amide) influences the C-H activation process. In this study the C-H bond activation step either occurs with or without the assistance of the directing group resulting in distinct cis- and trans-isomers of the corresponding iron hydride.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Subhash Garhwal
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa 3200008, Israel.
| | - Jatin Panda
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa 3200008, Israel.
| | - Natalia Fridman
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa 3200008, Israel.
| | - Amir Karton
- School of Science and Technology, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia.
| | - Graham de Ruiter
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa 3200008, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Kasera A, Biswas JP, Ali Alshehri A, Ahmed Al-Thabaiti S, Mokhtar M, Maiti D. Transition metal pincer complexes: A series of potential catalysts in C H activation reactions. Coord Chem Rev 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
13
|
Barranco S, Pérez-Temprano MH. Merging homogeneous transition metal catalysis and hydrogen isotope exchange. ADVANCES IN ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.adomc.2022.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
|
14
|
Thenarukandiyil R, Kamte R, Garhwal S, Effnert P, Fridman N, de Ruiter G. α-Methylation of Ketones and Indoles Catalyzed by a Manganese(I) PC NHCP Pincer Complex with Methanol as a C 1 Source. Organometallics 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ranjeesh Thenarukandiyil
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion − Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa 3200008, Israel
| | - Rohit Kamte
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion − Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa 3200008, Israel
| | - Subhash Garhwal
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion − Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa 3200008, Israel
| | - Philipp Effnert
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Busso-Peus-Str. 10, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Natalia Fridman
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion − Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa 3200008, Israel
| | - Graham de Ruiter
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion − Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa 3200008, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Tortajada A, Hevia E. Perdeuteration of Arenes via Hydrogen Isotope Exchange Catalyzed by the Superbasic Sodium Amide Donor Species NaTMP·PMDETA. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:20237-20242. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c09778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andreu Tortajada
- Departement für Chemie, Biochemie und Pharmazie, Universität Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Eva Hevia
- Departement für Chemie, Biochemie und Pharmazie, Universität Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Roque JB, Pabst TP, Chirik PJ. C(sp 2)–H Activation with Bis(silylene)pyridine Cobalt(III) Complexes: Catalytic Hydrogen Isotope Exchange of Sterically Hindered C–H Bonds. ACS Catal 2022; 12:8877-8885. [PMID: 36032506 PMCID: PMC9401092 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c02429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The bis(silylene)pyridine cobalt(III) dihydride boryl, trans-[ ptol SiNSi]Co(H)2BPin (ptolSiNSi = 2,6-[EtNSi(NtBu)2CAr]2 C5H3N, where Ar = C6H5CH3, and Pin =pinacolato) has been used as a precatalyst for the hydrogen isotope exchange (HIE) of arenes and heteroarenes using benzene-d 6 as the deuterium source. Use of D2 as the source of the isotope produced modest levels of deuterium incorporation and stoichiometric studies established modification of the pincer ligand through irreversible addition of H2 across the silylene leading to catalyst deactivation. High levels of deuterium incorporation were observed with benzene-d 6 as the isotope source and enabled low (0.5 - 5 mol%) loadings of the cobalt precursor. The resulting high activity for C-H activation enabled deuterium incorporation at sterically encumbered sites previously inaccessible with first-row metal HIE catalysts. The cobalt-catalyzed method was also compatible with aryl halides, demonstrating a kinetic preference for chemoselective C(sp2)-H activation over C(sp2)-X (X = Cl, Br) bonds. Monitoring the catalytic reaction by NMR spectroscopy established cobalt(III) resting states at both low and high conversions of substrate and the overall performance was inhibited by the addition of HBPin. Studies on precatalyst activation with cis-[ ptol SiNSi]Co(Bf)2H and cis-[ ptol SiNSi]Co(H)2Bf (where Bf = 2-benzofuranyl), support the intermediacy of bis(hydride)aryl cobalt intermediates as opposed to bis(aryl)hydride cobalt complexes in the catalytic HIE method. Mechanistic insights resulted in an improved protocol using [ ptol SiNSi]Co(H)3 NaBHEt3 as the precatalyst, ultimately translating onto higher levels of isotopic incorporation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jose B. Roque
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Tyler P. Pabst
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Paul J. Chirik
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Prakash G, Paul N, Oliver GA, Werz DB, Maiti D. C-H deuteration of organic compounds and potential drug candidates. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:3123-3163. [PMID: 35320331 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs01496f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
C-H deuteration has been intricately developed to satisfy the urgent need for site-selectively deuterated organic frameworks. Deuteration has been primarily used to study kinetic isotope effects of reactions but recently its significance in pharmaceutical chemistry has been discovered. Deuterium labelled compounds have stolen the limelight since the inception of the first FDA-approved deuterated drug, for the treatment of chorea-associated Huntington's disease, and their pharmacological importance was realised by chemists, although surprisingly very late. Various approaches were developed to carry out site-selective deuteration. However, the most common and efficient method is hydrogen isotope exchange (HIE). This review summarises deuteration methods of various organic motifs containing C(sp2)-H and C(sp3)-H bonds utilizing C-H bond functionalisation as a key step along with a variety of catalysts, and exemplifies their biological relevance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Prakash
- Department of Chemistry, IIT Bombay, Powai, Mumbai-400076, India.
| | - Nilanjan Paul
- Department of Chemistry, IIT Bombay, Powai, Mumbai-400076, India.
| | - Gwyndaf A Oliver
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Daniel B Werz
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Debabrata Maiti
- Department of Chemistry, IIT Bombay, Powai, Mumbai-400076, India.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Kopf S, Bourriquen F, Li W, Neumann H, Junge K, Beller M. Recent Developments for the Deuterium and Tritium Labeling of Organic Molecules. Chem Rev 2022; 122:6634-6718. [PMID: 35179363 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 70.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Organic compounds labeled with hydrogen isotopes play a crucial role in numerous areas, from materials science to medicinal chemistry. Indeed, while the replacement of hydrogen by deuterium gives rise to improved absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) properties in drugs and enables the preparation of internal standards for analytical mass spectrometry, the use of tritium-labeled compounds is a key technique all along drug discovery and development in the pharmaceutical industry. For these reasons, the interest in new methodologies for the isotopic enrichment of organic molecules and the extent of their applications are equally rising. In this regard, this Review intends to comprehensively discuss the new developments in this area over the last years (2017-2021). Notably, besides the fundamental hydrogen isotope exchange (HIE) reactions and the use of isotopically labeled analogues of common organic reagents, a plethora of reductive and dehalogenative deuteration techniques and other transformations with isotope incorporation are emerging and are now part of the labeling toolkit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Kopf
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e. V., 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | | | - Wu Li
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e. V., 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | | | - Kathrin Junge
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e. V., 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Deuterated N-difluoromethylthiophthalimide: A stable, scalable reagent for radical and electrophilic deuteriodifluoromethylthiolations. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
20
|
Babón JC, Esteruelas MA, López AM. Homogeneous catalysis with polyhydride complexes. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:9717-9758. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00399f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
This review analyzes the role of transition metal polyhydrides as homogeneous catalysts for organic reactions. Discussed reactions involve nearly every main organic functional group.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan C. Babón
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Miguel A. Esteruelas
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ana M. López
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Britton L, Docherty JH, Sklyaruk J, Cooney J, Nichol GS, Dominey AP, Thomas SP. Iron-catalysed alkene and heteroarene H/D exchange by reversible protonation of iron-hydride intermediates. Chem Sci 2022; 13:10291-10298. [PMID: 36277640 PMCID: PMC9473494 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc03802a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The iron-catalysed C(sp2)–H bond H/D exchange reaction using CD3OD is reported for both heterocycles and alkenes. Characterisation of the key C–H metallation intermediates provided evidence for reversible protonation of the iron hydride catalyst.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luke Britton
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, UK
| | - Jamie H. Docherty
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, UK
| | - Jan Sklyaruk
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, UK
| | - Jessica Cooney
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, UK
| | - Gary S. Nichol
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, UK
| | | | - Stephen P. Thomas
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, UK
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Zhao LL, Wu Y, Huang S, Zhang Z, Liu W, Yan X. Ortho-Selective Hydrogen Isotope Exchange of Phenols and Benzyl Alcohols by Mesoionic Carbene-Iridium Catalyst. Org Lett 2021; 23:9297-9302. [PMID: 34792358 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c03685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen isotope exchange reactions of phenols and benzyl alcohols have been achieved by a mesoionic carbene-iridium catalyst with high ortho selectivity and high functional group tolerance. Control experiments indicated that acetate is crucial to realize the ortho selectivity, whereas density functional theory calculations supported an outer-sphere direction with hydrogen bonding between acetate and the hydroxyl group.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liang-Liang Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Yixin Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Shiqing Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Zengyu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Xiaoyu Yan
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
|
24
|
Farizyan M, Mondal A, Mal S, Deufel F, van Gemmeren M. Palladium-Catalyzed Nondirected Late-Stage C-H Deuteration of Arenes. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:16370-16376. [PMID: 34582686 PMCID: PMC8517979 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c08233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
We describe a palladium-catalyzed nondirected late-stage deuteration of arenes. Key aspects include the use of D2O as a convenient and easily available deuterium source and the discovery of highly active N,N-bidentate ligands containing an N-acylsulfonamide group. The reported protocol enables high degrees of deuterium incorporation via a reversible C-H activation step and features extraordinary functional group tolerance, allowing for the deuteration of complex substrates. This is exemplified by the late-stage isotopic labeling of various pharmaceutically relevant motifs and related scaffolds. We expect that this method, among other applications, will prove useful as a tool in drug development processes and for mechanistic studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Manuel van Gemmeren
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149 Münster, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Voloshkin VA, Tzouras NV, Nolan SP. Recent advances in the synthesis and derivatization of N-heterocyclic carbene metal complexes. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:12058-12068. [PMID: 34519733 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt01847g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) metal complexes have gained an incredible amount of attention in the course of the last two decades and have become indispensable as an intricate part of a plethora of applications. The areas of their synthesis and derivatization are constantly evolving and bring new, more sustainable, cost-effective and simpler approaches to the design of existing and next generation catalysts and materials. This article provides an overview of the latest developments, focusing on those which have appeared during the last two years.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vladislav A Voloshkin
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 (S-3), 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Nikolaos V Tzouras
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 (S-3), 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Steven P Nolan
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 (S-3), 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Wang Q, Manzano RA, Tinnermann H, Sung S, Leforestier B, Krämer T, Young RD. Access to and Reactivity of Fe
0
, Fe
−I
, Fe
I
, and Fe
II
PC
carbene
P Pincer Complexes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202104130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qingyang Wang
- Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore Singapore
| | | | | | - Simon Sung
- Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore Singapore
| | - Baptiste Leforestier
- Department of Chemistry University of Warwick UK
- Department of Chemistry Maynooth University Ireland
| | | | - Rowan D. Young
- Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Wang Q, Manzano RA, Tinnermann H, Sung S, Leforestier B, Krämer T, Young RD. Access to and Reactivity of Fe 0 , Fe -I , Fe I , and Fe II PC carbene P Pincer Complexes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:18168-18177. [PMID: 34145715 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202104130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Despite their promising metal-ligand cooperative reactivity, PCcarbene P pincer ligands are rarely reported for first-row transition-metal centres. Using a dehydration methodology, we report access to an Fe0 PCcarbene P pincer complex (1) that proceeds via an isolated α-hydroxylalkyl hydrido complex (3). Reversible carbonyl migration to the carbene position in 1 is found to allow coordination chemistry and E-H bond addition (E=H, B, Cl) across the iron-carbene linkage, representing a unique mechanism for metal-ligand cooperativity. The PCcarbene P pincer ligand is also found to stabilize formal FeII , FeI , and Fe-I oxidation states, as demonstrated with synthesis and characterization of the complexes [11-X][BArF 20 ] (X=Br, I), 12, and K[13]. Compound K[13] is found to be highly reactive, and abstracts hydrogen from a range of aliphatic C-H sources. Computational analysis by DFT suggests that the formal FeI and Fe-I complexes contain significant carbene radical character. The ability of the PCcarbene P ligand scaffold to partake in metal-ligand cooperativity and to support a range of iron oxidation states renders it as potentially useful in many catalytic applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qingyang Wang
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Richard A Manzano
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Simon Sung
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Baptiste Leforestier
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, UK.,Department of Chemistry, Maynooth University, Ireland
| | - Tobias Krämer
- Department of Chemistry, Maynooth University, Ireland
| | - Rowan D Young
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Rendón-Nava D, Angeles-Beltrán D, Rheingold AL, Mendoza-Espinosa D. Palladium(II) Complexes of a Neutral CCC-Tris(N-heterocyclic carbene) Pincer Ligand: Synthesis and Catalytic Applications. Organometallics 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.1c00324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David Rendón-Nava
- Área Académica de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Carretera Pachuca-Tulancingo Km 4.5, Mineral de la Reforma, Hidalgo, Mexico 42090
| | - Deyanira Angeles-Beltrán
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Azcapotzalco, Avenida San Pablo 180, Ciudad de México, Mexico 02200
| | - Arnold L. Rheingold
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Daniel Mendoza-Espinosa
- Área Académica de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Carretera Pachuca-Tulancingo Km 4.5, Mineral de la Reforma, Hidalgo, Mexico 42090
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Tlahuext-Aca A, Hartwig JF. Site-Selective Silver-Catalyzed C-H Bond Deuteration of Five-Membered Aromatic Heterocycles and Pharmaceuticals. ACS Catal 2021; 11:1119-1127. [PMID: 35586574 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c04917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Catalytic methods for the direct introduction of hydrogen isotopes into organic molecules are essential to the development of improved pharmaceuticals and to the alteration of their absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) properties. However, the development of homogeneous catalysts for selective incorporation of isotopes in the absence of directing groups under practical conditions remains a long-standing challenge. Here, we show that a phosphine-ligated, silver-carbonate complex catalyzes the site-selective deuteration of C-H bonds in five-membered aromatic heterocycles and active pharmaceutical ingredients that have been resistant to catalytic H/D exchange. The reactions occur with CH3OD as a low-cost source of the isotope. The silver catalysts react with five-membered heteroarenes lacking directing groups, tolerate a wide range of functional groups, and react in both polar and nonpolar solvents. Mechanistic experiments, including deuterium kinetic isotope effects, determination of kinetic orders, and identification of the catalyst resting state, support C-H bond cleavage from a phosphine-ligated, silver-carbonate intermediate as the rate-determining step of the catalytic cycle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Tlahuext-Aca
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - John F. Hartwig
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Speelman AL, Skubi KL, Mercado BQ, Holland PL. Synthesis and Reactivity of Iron Complexes with a Biomimetic SCS Pincer Ligand. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:1965-1974. [PMID: 33443404 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c03427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Recent experimental evidence suggests that the FeMoco of nitrogenase undergoes structural rearrangement during N2 reduction, which may result in the generation of coordinatively unsaturated iron sites with two sulfur donors and a carbon donor. In an effort to synthesize and study small-molecule model complexes with a one-carbon/two-sulfur coordination environment, we have designed two new SCS pincer ligands containing a central NHC donor accompanied by thioether- or thiolate-functionalized aryl groups. Metalation of the thioether ligand with Fe(OTf)2 gives 6-coordinate complexes in which the SCS ligand binds meridionally. In contrast, metalation of the thiolate ligand with Fe(HMDS)2 gives a four-coordinate pseudotetrahedral amide complex in which the ligand binds facially, illustrating the potential structural flexibility of these ligands. Reaction of the amide complex with a bulky monothiol gives a four-coordinate complex with a one-carbon/three-sulfur coordination environment that resembles the resting state of nitrogenase. Reaction of the amide complex with phenylhydrazine gives a product with a rare κ1-bound phenylhydrazido group which undergoes N-N cleavage to give a phenylamido complex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amy L Speelman
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Kazimer L Skubi
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Brandon Q Mercado
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Patrick L Holland
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Kopf S, Neumann H, Beller M. Manganese-catalyzed selective C-H activation and deuteration by means of a catalytic transient directing group strategy. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:1137-1140. [PMID: 33410833 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc07675a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel manganese-catalyzed C-H activation methodology for selective hydrogen isotope exchange of benzaldehydes is presented. Using D2O as a cheap and convenient source of deuterium, the reaction proceeds with excellent functional group tolerance. High ortho-selectivity is achieved in the presence of catalytic amounts of specific amines, which in situ form a transient directing group.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Kopf
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse, Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a, Rostock 18059, Germany.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Garhwal S, Fridman N, de Ruiter G. Z-Selective Alkyne Functionalization Catalyzed by a trans-Dihydride N-Heterocyclic Carbene (NHC) Iron Complex. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:13817-13821. [PMID: 32955248 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c02057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The Z-selective functionalization of terminal alkynes is a useful transformation in organic chemistry and mainly catalyzed by noble metals. Here, we present the Z-selective hydroboration of terminal alkynes catalyzed by a stable trans-dihydride iron complex [(PCNHCP)Fe(H)2N2)] (2). Overall, the reaction occurs at room temperature and provides near quantitative yields of the Z-vinylboronate ester. Interestingly, the same catalyst could also provide the E-vinylboronate by heating the reaction mixture at slightly elevated temperatures (50 °C). If, however, the reaction is performed in the absence of HBpin, rapid Z-selective alkyne dimerization is observed, which is further discussed in this report.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Subhash Garhwal
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, 3200008 Haifa, Israel
| | - Natalia Fridman
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, 3200008 Haifa, Israel
| | - Graham de Ruiter
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, 3200008 Haifa, Israel
| |
Collapse
|