1
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Gan XC, Zhang B, Dao N, Bi C, Pokle M, Kan L, Collins MR, Tyrol CC, Bolduc PN, Nicastri M, Kawamata Y, Baran PS, Shenvi R. Carbon quaternization of redox active esters and olefins by decarboxylative coupling. Science 2024; 384:113-118. [PMID: 38574151 DOI: 10.1126/science.adn5619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
The synthesis of quaternary carbons often requires numerous steps and complex conditions or harsh reagents that act on heavily engineered substrates. This is largely a consequence of conventional polar-bond retrosynthetic disconnections that in turn require multiple functional group interconversions, redox manipulations, and protecting group chemistry. Here, we report a simple catalyst and reductant combination that converts two types of feedstock chemicals, carboxylic acids and olefins, into tetrasubstituted carbons through quaternization of radical intermediates. An iron porphyrin catalyst activates each substrate by electron transfer or hydrogen atom transfer, and then combines the fragments using a bimolecular homolytic substitution (SH2) reaction. This cross-coupling reduces the synthetic burden to procure numerous quaternary carbon---containing products from simple chemical feedstocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Cheng Gan
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Benxiang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Nathan Dao
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Cheng Bi
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Maithili Pokle
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Liyan Kan
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Michael R Collins
- Oncology Medicinal Chemistry Department, Pfizer Pharmaceuticals, San Diego, CA 92122, USA
| | | | | | | | - Yu Kawamata
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Phil S Baran
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Ryan Shenvi
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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2
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Azpilcueta-Nicolas CR, Lumb JP. Mechanisms for radical reactions initiating from N-hydroxyphthalimide esters. Beilstein J Org Chem 2024; 20:346-378. [PMID: 38410775 PMCID: PMC10896223 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.20.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Due to their ease of preparation, stability, and diverse reactivity, N-hydroxyphthalimide (NHPI) esters have found many applications as radical precursors. Mechanistically, NHPI esters undergo a reductive decarboxylative fragmentation to provide a substrate radical capable of engaging in diverse transformations. Their reduction via single-electron transfer (SET) can occur under thermal, photochemical, or electrochemical conditions and can be influenced by a number of factors, including the nature of the electron donor, the use of Brønsted and Lewis acids, and the possibility of forming charge-transfer complexes. Such versatility creates many opportunities to influence the reaction conditions, providing a number of parameters with which to control reactivity. In this perspective, we provide an overview of the different mechanisms for radical reactions involving NHPI esters, with an emphasis on recent applications in radical additions, cyclizations and decarboxylative cross-coupling reactions. Within these reaction classes, we discuss the utility of the NHPI esters, with an eye towards their continued development in complexity-generating transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jean-Philip Lumb
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
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3
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Sharique M, Matsuo B, Granados A, Kim S, Arshad M, Oh H, Wu VE, Huang M, Csakai A, Marcaurelle LA, Molander GA. On-DNA hydroalkylation of N-vinyl heterocycles via photoinduced EDA-complex activation. Chem Sci 2023; 14:14193-14199. [PMID: 38098729 PMCID: PMC10717525 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc03731b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of DNA-encoded library (DEL) technology has provided a considerable advantage to the pharmaceutical industry in the pursuit of discovering novel therapeutic candidates for their drug development initiatives. This combinatorial technique not only offers a more economical, spatially efficient, and time-saving alternative to the existing ligand discovery methods, but also enables the exploration of additional chemical space by utilizing novel DNA-compatible synthetic transformations to leverage multifunctional building blocks from readily available substructures. In this report, a decarboxylative-based hydroalkylation of DNA-conjugated N-vinyl heterocycles enabled by single-electron transfer (SET) and subsequent hydrogen atom transfer through electron-donor/electron-acceptor (EDA) complex activation is detailed. The simplicity and robustness of this method permits inclusion of a broad array of alkyl radical precursors and DNA-tethered nitrogenous heterocyles to generate medicinally relevant substituted heterocycles with pendant functional groups. Moreover, a successful telescoped route provides the opportunity to access a broad range of intricate structural scaffolds by employing basic carboxylic acid feedstocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Sharique
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania 231 South 34th Street Philadelphia Pennsylvania 19104-6323 USA
| | - Bianca Matsuo
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania 231 South 34th Street Philadelphia Pennsylvania 19104-6323 USA
| | - Albert Granados
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania 231 South 34th Street Philadelphia Pennsylvania 19104-6323 USA
| | - Saegun Kim
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania 231 South 34th Street Philadelphia Pennsylvania 19104-6323 USA
| | - Mahwish Arshad
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania 231 South 34th Street Philadelphia Pennsylvania 19104-6323 USA
| | - Hyunjung Oh
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania 231 South 34th Street Philadelphia Pennsylvania 19104-6323 USA
| | - Victoria E Wu
- Encoded Library Technologies/NCE Molecular Discovery, R&D Medicinal Science and Technology, GSK 200 Cambridge Park Drive Cambridge MA 02140 USA
| | - Minxue Huang
- Encoded Library Technologies/NCE Molecular Discovery, R&D Medicinal Science and Technology, GSK 200 Cambridge Park Drive Cambridge MA 02140 USA
| | - Adam Csakai
- Encoded Library Technologies/NCE Molecular Discovery, R&D Medicinal Science and Technology, GSK 200 Cambridge Park Drive Cambridge MA 02140 USA
| | - Lisa A Marcaurelle
- Encoded Library Technologies/NCE Molecular Discovery, R&D Medicinal Science and Technology, GSK 200 Cambridge Park Drive Cambridge MA 02140 USA
| | - Gary A Molander
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania 231 South 34th Street Philadelphia Pennsylvania 19104-6323 USA
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4
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Santiago J, Orłowska K, Ociepa M, Gryko D. Aryl versus Alkyl Redox-Active Diazoacetates ─ Light-Induced C-H Insertion or 1,2-Rearrangement. Org Lett 2023; 25:6267-6271. [PMID: 37607356 PMCID: PMC10476266 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c02055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Diazo compounds with redox-active leaving groups are versatile reagents for orthogonal functionalizations, previously utilized in the Rh-catalyzed synthesis of highly substituted cyclopropanes. Photochemical activation of aryl-substituted diazoacetates generates carbenes, whereas redox-active esters can furnish C-radicals via the photoexcitation of EDA complexes. However, the photochemical behavior of these two functionalities, while present in one molecule, remains to be defined. We demonstrate that under light irradiation, reactions occur only on the diazo moiety, leaving the NHPI functionality intact. Not only aryl- but also alkyl-substituted NHPI diazoacetates are activated by blue light; either C-H insertion or the hydrogen/carbon 1,2-rearrangement occurs depending on the aryl/alkyl group.
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Affiliation(s)
- João
V. Santiago
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44, 5201-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Orłowska
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44, 5201-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał Ociepa
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44, 5201-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dorota Gryko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44, 5201-224 Warsaw, Poland
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5
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DeCicco EM, Berritt S, Knauber T, Coffey SB, Hou J, Dowling MS. Decarboxylative Cross-Electrophile Coupling of (Hetero)Aromatic Bromides and NHP Esters. J Org Chem 2023; 88:12329-12340. [PMID: 37609685 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Aryl bromides are known to be challenging substrates in the decarboxylative cross-electrophile coupling with redox-active NHP esters-the majority of such processes utilize aryl iodides. Herein, we describe the development of conditions that are suitable for the decarboxylative cross-electrophile coupling of NHP esters and a wide range of (hetero)aryl bromides. The key advances that allowed for the use of aryl bromides in this reaction are (1) the identification of ligand L3 as an optimal ligand for the use of electron-neutral and deficient aryl bromides and (2) the significant improvement in yield that iodide salts and excess heterogenous zinc impart to this reaction. A wide variety of NHP esters perform well under the optimized conditions, including methyl, primary, secondary, and several strained tertiary systems. Likewise, a variety of aromatic and heteroaromatic bromides relevant to medicinal chemistry perform well in this transformation, including an aryl bromide precursor to the known drug dapagliflozin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan M DeCicco
- Medicine Design, Pfizer, Inc., Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Simon Berritt
- Medicine Design, Pfizer, Inc., Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Thomas Knauber
- Medicine Design, Pfizer, Inc., Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Steven B Coffey
- Medicine Design, Pfizer, Inc., Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Jie Hou
- WuXi AppTec, 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, China
| | - Matthew S Dowling
- Medicine Design, Pfizer, Inc., Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
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6
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Li L, Matsuo B, Levitre G, McClain EJ, Voight EA, Crane EA, Molander GA. Dearomative intermolecular [2 + 2] photocycloaddition for construction of C(sp 3)-rich heterospirocycles on-DNA. Chem Sci 2023; 14:2713-2720. [PMID: 36908969 PMCID: PMC9993886 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc00144j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA-encoded library (DEL) screens have significantly impacted new lead compound identification efforts within drug discovery. An advantage of DELs compared to traditional screening methods is that an exponentially broader chemical space can be effectively screened using only nmol quantities of billions of DNA-tagged, drug-like molecules. The synthesis of DELs containing diverse, sp3-rich spirocycles, an important class of molecules in drug discovery, has not been previously reported. Herein, we demonstrate the synthesis of complex and novel spirocyclic cores via an on-DNA, visible light-mediated intermolecular [2 + 2] cycloaddition of olefins with heterocycles, including indoles, azaindoles, benzofurans, and coumarins. The DNA-tagged exo-methylenecyclobutane substrates were prepared from easily accessible alkyl iodides and styrene derivatives. Broad reactivity with many other DNA-conjugated alkene substrates was observed, including unactivated and activated alkenes, and the process is tolerant of various heterocycles. The cycloaddition was successfully scaled from 10 to 100 nmol without diminished yield, indicative of this reaction's suitability for DNA-encoded library production. Evaluation of DNA compatibility with the developed reaction in a mock-library format showed that the DNA barcode was maintained with high fidelity, with <1% mutated sequences and >99% amplifiable DNA from quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and next generation sequencing (NGS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Longbo Li
- Department of Chemistry, Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, University of Pennsylvania 231 South 34th Street Philadelphia Pennsylvania 19104-6323 USA
| | - Bianca Matsuo
- Department of Chemistry, Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, University of Pennsylvania 231 South 34th Street Philadelphia Pennsylvania 19104-6323 USA
| | - Guillaume Levitre
- Department of Chemistry, Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, University of Pennsylvania 231 South 34th Street Philadelphia Pennsylvania 19104-6323 USA
| | - Edward J McClain
- Drug Discovery Science & Technology, Discovery Research & Development, AbbVie, Inc., 1 North Waukegan Rd North Chicago Illinois 60064-1802 USA.,Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison Wisconsin 53706 USA
| | - Eric A Voight
- Drug Discovery Science & Technology, Discovery Research & Development, AbbVie, Inc., 1 North Waukegan Rd North Chicago Illinois 60064-1802 USA
| | - Erika A Crane
- Drug Hunter, Inc. 13203 SE 172nd Ave, Suite 166 PMB 2019 Happy Valley Oregon 97086 USA
| | - Gary A Molander
- Department of Chemistry, Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, University of Pennsylvania 231 South 34th Street Philadelphia Pennsylvania 19104-6323 USA
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7
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Yu Z, Kong Y, Li B, Su S, Rao J, Gao Y, Tu T, Chen H, Liao K. HTE- and AI-assisted development of DHP-catalyzed decarboxylative selenation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:2935-2938. [PMID: 36799252 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc06217h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
1,4-Dihydropyridine (DHP) derivatives play key roles in biology, but are rarely used as catalysts in synthesis. Here, we developed a DHP derivative-catalyzed decarboxylative selenation reaction that showed a broad substrate scope, with the assistance of high-throughput experimentation (HTE) and artificial intelligence (AI). The AI-based model could identify the key structural features and give accurate prediction of unseen reactions (R2 = 0.89, RMSE = 9.0%, and MAE = 6.3%). Our work not only developed the catalytic applications of DHP derivatives, but also demonstrated the power of the combination of HTE and AI to advance chemical synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhunzhun Yu
- Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510005, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Yaxian Kong
- Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510005, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Baiqing Li
- Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510005, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Shimin Su
- Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510005, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Jianhang Rao
- Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510005, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Yadong Gao
- Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510005, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Tianyong Tu
- Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510005, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Hongming Chen
- Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510005, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Kuangbiao Liao
- Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510005, Guangdong Province, China.
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8
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Matsuo B, Granados A, Levitre G, Molander GA. Photochemical Methods Applied to DNA Encoded Library (DEL) Synthesis. Acc Chem Res 2023; 56:385-401. [PMID: 36656960 PMCID: PMC10415088 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.2c00778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
DNA-encoded library technology (DELT) is a new screening modality that allows efficient, cost-effective, and rapid identification of small molecules with potential biological activity. This emerging technique represents an enormous advancement that, in combination with other technologies such as high-throughput screening (HTS), fragment-based lead generation, and structure-based drug design, has the potential to transform how drug discovery is carried out. DELT is a hybrid technique in which chemically synthesized compounds are linked to unique genetic tags (or "barcodes") that contain readable information. In this way, millions to billions of building blocks (BBs) attached on-DNA via split-and-pool synthesis can be evaluated against a biological target in a single experiment. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification and next-generation sequencing (NGS) analysis of the unique sequence of oligonucleotides in the DNA tag are used to identify those ligands with high affinity for the target. This innovative fusion of genetic and chemical technologies was conceived in 1992 by Brenner and Lerner (Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 1992, 89, 5381-5383) and is under accelerated development with the implementation of new synthetic techniques and protocols that are compatible with DNA. In fact, reaction compatibility is a key parameter to increasing the chances of identification of a drug target ligand, and a central focus has been the development of new transformations and the transition to robust protocols for on-DNA synthesis. Because the sole use of the DNA tag is as an amplifiable identification barcode, its structural integrity during a new chemical process is mandatory. As such, the use of these sensitive, polyfunctional biological molecules as substrates typically requires aqueous solutions within defined pH and temperature ranges, which is considered a notable challenge in DEL synthesis.Using low-energy visible light as the driving force to promote chemical transformations represents an attractive alternative to classical synthetic methods, and it is an important and well-established synthetic tool for forging chemical bonds in a unique way via radical intermediates. Recent advances in the field of photocatalysis are extraordinary, and this powerful research arena is still under continuous development. Several applications taking advantage of the mild reaction conditions of photoinduced transformations have been directed toward DEL synthesis, allowing the expansion of chemical space available for the evaluation of new building blocks on-DNA. There are no doubts that visible-light-driven reactions have become one of the most powerful approaches for DELT, given the easy way they provide to construct new bonds and the challenges to achieve equal success via classical protocols.Key characteristics of photocatalytic synthesis include the short reaction times and efficiency, which translate into retention of DNA integrity. In this Account, we describe recent advances in the photoinduced diversification of building blocks prepared on-DNA, highlighting the amenability of the techniques employed for preserving the genetic structure of the molecules. We demonstrate with recent research from our group the applicability of photocatalysis to the field and include in the summary a table containing all the photoinduced methods reported to date for DELT, demonstrating their key aspects such as scope, applications, and DNA compatibilities. With this information, practitioners are provided with compelling reasons for developing/choosing photocatalytic methods for DELT applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Matsuo
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania19104-6323, United States
| | - Albert Granados
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania19104-6323, United States
| | - Guillaume Levitre
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania19104-6323, United States
| | - Gary A Molander
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania19104-6323, United States
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9
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Zhou Z, Sales ZS, Pippel DJ, Qian M, Martin CL. Blue Light-Mediated, Photocatalyst-Free Decarboxylative Alkylation of Heteroaryl Sulfinimines. J Org Chem 2022; 87:14948-14952. [PMID: 36228170 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
We report a diastereoselective, photocatalyst-free decarboxylative alkylation of (hetero)aryl sulfinimines using redox-active esters under blue light. High yields and diastereoselectivities can be achieved under mild conditions, and we demonstrate its utility as a synthetic method, especially for medicinal chemists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Zhou
- Discovery Process Research, Janssen Research & Development LLC, 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Zachary S Sales
- Discovery Process Research, Janssen Research & Development LLC, 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Daniel J Pippel
- Discovery Process Research, Janssen Research & Development LLC, 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Michael Qian
- Discovery Chemistry, Janssen Research & Development LLC, 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Connor L Martin
- Discovery Process Research, Janssen Research & Development LLC, 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, California 92121, United States
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10
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Guo J, Xie Y, Lai ZM, Weng J, Chan ASC, Lu G. Enantioselective Hydroalkylation of Alkenylpyridines Enabled by Merging Photoactive Electron Donor–Acceptor Complexes with Chiral Bifunctional Organocatalysis. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c03902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Guo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Xie
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ze-Min Lai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiang Weng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Albert S. C. Chan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Gui Lu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, People’s Republic of China
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11
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Yen-Pon E, Li L, Levitre G, Majhi J, McClain EJ, Voight EA, Crane EA, Molander GA. On-DNA Hydroalkylation to Introduce Diverse Bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes and Abundant Alkyls via Halogen Atom Transfer. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:12184-12191. [PMID: 35759692 PMCID: PMC10412002 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c03025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
DNA-encoded libraries have proven their tremendous value in the identification of new lead compounds for drug discovery. To access libraries in new chemical space, many methods have emerged to transpose traditional mol-scale reactivity to nmol-scale, on-DNA chemistry. However, procedures to access libraries with a greater fraction of C(sp3) content are still limited, and the need to "escape from flatland" more readily on-DNA remains. Herein, we report a Giese addition to install highly functionalized bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes (BCPs) using tricyclo[1.1.1.01,3]pentane (TCP) as a radical linchpin, as well as other diverse alkyl groups, on-DNA from the corresponding organohalides as non-stabilized radical precursors. Telescoped procedures allow extension of the substrate pool by at least an order of magnitude to ubiquitous alcohols and carboxylic acids, allowing us to "upcycle" these abundant feedstocks to afford non-traditional libraries with different physicochemical properties for the small-molecule products (i.e., non-peptide libraries with acids). This approach is amenable to library production, as a DNA damage assessment revealed good PCR amplifiability and only 6% mutated sequences for a full-length DNA tag.
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Affiliation(s)
- Expédite Yen-Pon
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Longbo Li
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Guillaume Levitre
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Jadab Majhi
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Edward J. McClain
- Drug Discovery Science & Technology, Discovery Research & Development, AbbVie, Inc., 1 N. Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064-1802, United States
| | - Eric A. Voight
- Drug Discovery Science & Technology, Discovery Research & Development, AbbVie, Inc., 1 N. Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064-1802, United States
| | - Erika A. Crane
- Drug Discovery Science & Technology, Discovery Research & Development, AbbVie, Inc., 1 N. Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064-1802, United States
| | - Gary A. Molander
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
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12
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Chandu P, Das D, Ghosh KG, Sureshkumar D. Visible‐Light Photoredox Catalyzed Decarboxylative Alkylation of Vinylcyclopropanes. Adv Synth Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202200227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Palasetty Chandu
- Department of Chemical Sciences Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata Mohanpur West Bengal 741246 India
| | - Debabrata Das
- Department of Chemical Sciences Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata Mohanpur West Bengal 741246 India
| | - Krishna G. Ghosh
- Department of Chemical Sciences Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata Mohanpur West Bengal 741246 India
| | - Devarajulu Sureshkumar
- Department of Chemical Sciences Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata Mohanpur West Bengal 741246 India
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13
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Huang X, Feng J, Cui J, Jiang G, Harrison W, Zang X, Zhou J, Wang B, Zhao H. Photoinduced chemomimetic biocatalysis for enantioselective intermolecular radical conjugate addition. Nat Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1038/s41929-022-00777-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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14
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Utilization of photocatalysts in decarboxylative coupling of carboxylic N-hydroxyphthalimide (NHPI) esters. ARAB J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2022.103922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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15
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Escolano M, Cabrera-Afonso MJ, Ribagorda M, Badir SO, Molander GA. Nickel-Mediated Synthesis of Non-Anomeric C-Acyl Glycosides through Electron Donor-Acceptor Complex Photoactivation. J Org Chem 2022; 87:4981-4990. [PMID: 35289617 PMCID: PMC10412007 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c03041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The preparation of nonanomeric C-acyl-saccharides has been developed from two different carboxylic acid feedstocks. This transformation is driven by the synergistic interaction of an electron donor-acceptor complex and Ni catalysis. Primary-, secondary-, and tertiary redox-active esters are incorporated as coupling partners onto preactivated pyranosyl- and furanosyl acids, preserving their stereochemical integrity. The reaction occurs under mild conditions, without stoichiometric metal reductants or exogenous catalysts, using commercially available Hantzsch ester as the organic photoreductant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Escolano
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - María Jesús Cabrera-Afonso
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Maria Ribagorda
- Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid 28049, Spain
- Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Shorouk O. Badir
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Gary A. Molander
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
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16
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Frech S, Molle E, Hub C, Theato P. Decarboxylation of Poly[N-(acryloyloxy)phthalimide] as a Versatile Tool for Post-Polymerization Modification. Macromol Rapid Commun 2022; 43:e2200068. [PMID: 35320602 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202200068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Herein we report on the decarboxylation of poly[N-(acryloyloxy)phthalimide] (PAP) for the synthesis of functionalized polymers. PAP homopolymer and block copolymers are used as precursor polymers for the straightforward functionalization via decarboxylation and subsequent Michael-type addition or nitroxide radical coupling (NRC). This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Frech
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP), Engesserstraße 18, Karlsruhe, 76131, Germany.,Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Biological Interfaces III (IBG-3), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, 76344, Germany
| | - Edgar Molle
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP), Engesserstraße 18, Karlsruhe, 76131, Germany.,Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Biological Interfaces III (IBG-3), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, 76344, Germany
| | - Cornelius Hub
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP), Engesserstraße 18, Karlsruhe, 76131, Germany
| | - Patrick Theato
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP), Engesserstraße 18, Karlsruhe, 76131, Germany.,Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Biological Interfaces III (IBG-3), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, 76344, Germany
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17
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Kolusu SRN, Nappi M. Metal-free deoxygenative coupling of alcohol-derived benzoates and pyridines for small molecules and DNA-encoded libraries synthesis. Chem Sci 2022; 13:6982-6989. [PMID: 35774170 PMCID: PMC9200129 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc01621d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
A visible-light-mediated metal-free method for the deoxygenative coupling of alcohol-derived benzoates and pyridines. Given the mild and water-compatible conditions, small molecules and DNA headpieces are functionalized with a wide range of alcohols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Rohini Narayanan Kolusu
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS), Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Rúa de Jenaro de la Fuente, s/n, 15705 Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Manuel Nappi
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS), Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Rúa de Jenaro de la Fuente, s/n, 15705 Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain
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18
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Kim JY, Lee YS, Ryu DH. Ternary Electron Donor–Acceptor Complex Enabled Enantioselective Radical Additions to α, β-Unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c04835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jae Yeon Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Cheoncheon, Jangan, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Yea Suel Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Cheoncheon, Jangan, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Do Hyun Ryu
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Cheoncheon, Jangan, Suwon 16419, Korea
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19
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Costantini M, Mendoza A. Modular Enantioselective Synthesis of cis-Cyclopropanes through Self-Sensitized Stereoselective Photodecarboxylation with Benzothiazolines. ACS Catal 2021; 11:13312-13319. [PMID: 34765283 PMCID: PMC8576787 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c03949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Chiral cis-cyclopropanes are strained rigid analogues of alkyl chains, whose study and application are limited by their difficult synthesis. A modular approach from olefin materials is enabled by the discovery of the electron donor-acceptor (EDA) interaction between 2-substituted benzothiazolines and N-hydroxyphthalimide esters. These complexes are activated by visible light without photocatalysts, and the benzothiazoline reagent plays a triple role as a photoreductant, a stereoselective hydrogen-atom donor, and a Brønsted acid. Beyond the enantioselective synthesis of cis-cyclopropanes, these results introduce benzothiazolines as accessible and easily tunable self-sensitized photoreductants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Costantini
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius
Laboratory, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Abraham Mendoza
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius
Laboratory, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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20
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Badir SO, Lipp A, Krumb M, Cabrera-Afonso MJ, Kammer LM, Wu VE, Huang M, Csakai A, Marcaurelle LA, Molander GA. Photoredox-mediated hydroalkylation and hydroarylation of functionalized olefins for DNA-encoded library synthesis. Chem Sci 2021; 12:12036-12045. [PMID: 34667569 PMCID: PMC8457374 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc03191k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA-encoded library (DEL) technology features a time- and cost-effective interrogation format for the discovery of therapeutic candidates in the pharmaceutical industry. To develop DEL platforms, the implementation of water-compatible transformations that facilitate the incorporation of multifunctional building blocks (BBs) with high C(sp3) carbon counts is integral for success. In this report, a decarboxylative-based hydroalkylation of DNA-conjugated trifluoromethyl-substituted alkenes enabled by single-electron transfer (SET) and subsequent hydrogen atom termination through electron donor-acceptor (EDA) complex activation is detailed. In a further photoredox-catalyzed hydroarylation protocol, the coupling of functionalized, electronically unbiased olefins is achieved under air and within minutes of blue light irradiation through the intermediacy of reactive (hetero)aryl radical species with full retention of the DNA tag integrity. Notably, these processes operate under mild reaction conditions, furnishing complex structural scaffolds with a high density of pendant functional groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shorouk O Badir
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania 231 South 34th Street Philadelphia Pennsylvania 19104-6323 USA
| | - Alexander Lipp
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania 231 South 34th Street Philadelphia Pennsylvania 19104-6323 USA
| | - Matthias Krumb
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania 231 South 34th Street Philadelphia Pennsylvania 19104-6323 USA
| | - María Jesús Cabrera-Afonso
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania 231 South 34th Street Philadelphia Pennsylvania 19104-6323 USA
| | - Lisa Marie Kammer
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania 231 South 34th Street Philadelphia Pennsylvania 19104-6323 USA
| | - Victoria E Wu
- Encoded Library Technologies/NCE Molecular Discovery, R&D Medicinal Science and Technology, GlaxoSmithKline 200 Cambridge Park Drive Cambridge MA 02140 USA
| | - Minxue Huang
- Encoded Library Technologies/NCE Molecular Discovery, R&D Medicinal Science and Technology, GlaxoSmithKline 200 Cambridge Park Drive Cambridge MA 02140 USA
| | - Adam Csakai
- Encoded Library Technologies/NCE Molecular Discovery, R&D Medicinal Science and Technology, GlaxoSmithKline 200 Cambridge Park Drive Cambridge MA 02140 USA
| | - Lisa A Marcaurelle
- Encoded Library Technologies/NCE Molecular Discovery, R&D Medicinal Science and Technology, GlaxoSmithKline 200 Cambridge Park Drive Cambridge MA 02140 USA
| | - Gary A Molander
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania 231 South 34th Street Philadelphia Pennsylvania 19104-6323 USA
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21
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Lechner VM, Nappi M, Deneny PJ, Folliet S, Chu JCK, Gaunt MJ. Visible-Light-Mediated Modification and Manipulation of Biomacromolecules. Chem Rev 2021; 122:1752-1829. [PMID: 34546740 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Chemically modified biomacromolecules-i.e., proteins, nucleic acids, glycans, and lipids-have become crucial tools in chemical biology. They are extensively used not only to elucidate cellular processes but also in industrial applications, particularly in the context of biopharmaceuticals. In order to enable maximum scope for optimization, it is pivotal to have a diverse array of biomacromolecule modification methods at one's disposal. Chemistry has driven many significant advances in this area, and especially recently, numerous novel visible-light-induced photochemical approaches have emerged. In these reactions, light serves as an external source of energy, enabling access to highly reactive intermediates under exceedingly mild conditions and with exquisite spatiotemporal control. While UV-induced transformations on biomacromolecules date back decades, visible light has the unmistakable advantage of being considerably more biocompatible, and a spectrum of visible-light-driven methods is now available, chiefly for proteins and nucleic acids. This review will discuss modifications of native functional groups (FGs), including functionalization, labeling, and cross-linking techniques as well as the utility of oxidative degradation mediated by photochemically generated reactive oxygen species. Furthermore, transformations at non-native, bioorthogonal FGs on biomacromolecules will be addressed, including photoclick chemistry and DNA-encoded library synthesis as well as methods that allow manipulation of the activity of a biomacromolecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian M Lechner
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Manuel Nappi
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Patrick J Deneny
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Folliet
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - John C K Chu
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew J Gaunt
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
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22
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23
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Shan J, Ling X, Liu J, Wang X, Lu X. DNA-encoded CH functionality via photoredox-mediated hydrogen atom transformation catalysis. Bioorg Med Chem 2021; 42:116234. [PMID: 34098191 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2021.116234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
We described a mode of catalytic activation that accomplished the α-alkylation of N-Boc saturated heterocycles with DNA-linked acrylamide via photoredox-mediated hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) catalysis. This C(sp3)-C(sp3) bond formation reaction tolerated five-, six- and seven-membered cyclic substrates, substantially streamline synthetic efforts to functionalize the α-position of heterocycles with native CH functional handle. This photoredox catalyzed CH functionalization proceeded in mild DNA-compatible condition, and suited for the construction of DNA-encoded libraries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinming Shan
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Zhang Jiang Hi-Tech Park, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xing Ling
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Zhang Jiang Hi-Tech Park, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - JiaXiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Zhang Jiang Hi-Tech Park, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Zhang Jiang Hi-Tech Park, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Xiaojie Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Zhang Jiang Hi-Tech Park, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China.
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24
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Yu JM, Zhu LW, Hong XY, Gao H, Chen TT. Visible light-induced alkylpyridylation of styrenes via a reductive radical three-component coupling. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:5642-5648. [PMID: 34105570 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob00498k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A visible light-induced and metal-free strategy for the intermolecular three-compoment alkylpyridylation of styrenes is reported. Hantzsch ester was found to be key to initiate the overall reductive radical coupling reaction. This radical process realized difunctionalization of styrenes, selectively yielding alkylated pyridines in good to excellent yields with a wide tolerance of functional groups, mild reaction conditions and simple operation. This new reaction complements existing visible light-induced variants of styrenes with NHP esters and expands the capabilities of radical-based cross-coupling reactions of pyridines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Miao Yu
- School of Pharmaceutical and Materials Engineering & Institute for Advanced Studies, Taizhou University, 1139 Shifu Avenue, Taizhou 318000, China
| | - Li-Wen Zhu
- School of Pharmaceutical and Materials Engineering, Taizhou University, 1139 Shifu Avenue, Taizhou 318000, China.
| | - Xiao-Yuan Hong
- School of Pharmaceutical and Materials Engineering, Taizhou University, 1139 Shifu Avenue, Taizhou 318000, China.
| | - Huan Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical and Materials Engineering, Taizhou University, 1139 Shifu Avenue, Taizhou 318000, China.
| | - Ting-Ting Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical and Materials Engineering, Taizhou University, 1139 Shifu Avenue, Taizhou 318000, China.
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25
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Chowdhury R, Mendoza A. N-Hydroxyphthalimidyl diazoacetate (NHPI-DA): a modular methylene linchpin for the C-H alkylation of indoles. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:4532-4535. [PMID: 33956022 PMCID: PMC8101283 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc01026c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Despite the extensive studies on the reactions between conventional diazocompounds and indoles, these are still limited by the independent synthesis of the carbene precursors, the specific catalysts, and the required multi-step manipulation of the products. In this work, we explore redox-active carbenes in the expedited and divergent synthesis of functionalized indoles. NHPI-DA displays unusual efficiency and selectivity to yield insertion products that can be swiftly elaborated into boron and carbon substituents that are particularly problematic in carbene-mediated reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajdip Chowdhury
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius laboratory, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Abraham Mendoza
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius laboratory, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
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26
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Wu R, Du T, Sun W, Shaginian A, Gao S, Li J, Wan J, Liu G. Functionalization of DNA-Tagged Alkenes Enabled by Visible-Light-Induced C–H Activation of N-Aryl Tertiary Amines. Org Lett 2021; 23:3486-3490. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c00924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rongfeng Wu
- HitGen Inc., Building 6, No. 8 Huigu First East Road, Tianfu International Bio-Town, Shuangliu District, Chengdu 610200, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Tian Du
- HitGen Inc., Building 6, No. 8 Huigu First East Road, Tianfu International Bio-Town, Shuangliu District, Chengdu 610200, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Wenbo Sun
- HitGen Inc., Building 6, No. 8 Huigu First East Road, Tianfu International Bio-Town, Shuangliu District, Chengdu 610200, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Alex Shaginian
- HitGen Inc., Building 6, No. 8 Huigu First East Road, Tianfu International Bio-Town, Shuangliu District, Chengdu 610200, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Sen Gao
- HitGen Inc., Building 6, No. 8 Huigu First East Road, Tianfu International Bio-Town, Shuangliu District, Chengdu 610200, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Jin Li
- HitGen Inc., Building 6, No. 8 Huigu First East Road, Tianfu International Bio-Town, Shuangliu District, Chengdu 610200, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Jinqiao Wan
- HitGen Inc., Building 6, No. 8 Huigu First East Road, Tianfu International Bio-Town, Shuangliu District, Chengdu 610200, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Guansai Liu
- HitGen Inc., Building 6, No. 8 Huigu First East Road, Tianfu International Bio-Town, Shuangliu District, Chengdu 610200, Sichuan, P. R. China
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27
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Patel S, Badir SO, Molander GA. Developments in Photoredox-Mediated Alkylation for DNA-Encoded Libraries. TRENDS IN CHEMISTRY 2021; 3:161-175. [PMID: 33987530 PMCID: PMC8112611 DOI: 10.1016/j.trechm.2020.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Recently, DNA-encoded library (DEL) technology has emerged as an innovative screening modality for the rapid discovery of therapeutic candidates in pharmaceutical settings. This platform enables a cost-effective, time-efficient, and large-scale assembly and interrogation of billions of small organic ligands against a biological target in a single experiment. An outstanding challenge in DEL synthesis is the necessity for water-compatible transformations under ambient conditions. To access uncharted chemical space, the adoption of photoredox catalysis in DELs, including Ni-catalyzed manifolds and radical/polar crossover reactions, has enabled the construction of novel structural scaffolds through regulated odd-electron intermediates. Herein, a critical discussion of the validation of photoredox-mediated alkylation in DEL environments is presented. Current synthetic gaps are highlighted and opportunities for further development are speculated upon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivani Patel
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6323, USA
| | - Shorouk O. Badir
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6323, USA
| | - Gary A. Molander
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6323, USA
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28
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Parida SK, Mandal T, Das S, Hota SK, De Sarkar S, Murarka S. Single Electron Transfer-Induced Redox Processes Involving N-(Acyloxy)phthalimides. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c04756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sushanta Kumar Parida
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Karwar-342037, Rajasthan, India
| | - Tanumoy Mandal
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur-741246, West Bengal, India
| | - Sanju Das
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur-741246, West Bengal, India
| | - Sudhir Kumar Hota
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Karwar-342037, Rajasthan, India
| | - Suman De Sarkar
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur-741246, West Bengal, India
| | - Sandip Murarka
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Karwar-342037, Rajasthan, India
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