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Gao J, Bai H, Li P, Zhou Y, Su W, Liu C, Li X, Wu Y, Hu B, Liang Z, Bi Z, Li X, Yan L, Du H, Lu G, Gao C, Wang K, Liu Y, Ma W, Fan Q. Halogenated Dibenzo[f,h]quinoxaline Units Constructed 2D-Conjugated Guest Acceptors for 19% Efficiency Organic Solar Cells. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2403334. [PMID: 38884140 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202403334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Halogenation of Y-series small-molecule acceptors (Y-SMAs) is identified as an effective strategy to optimize photoelectric properties for achieving improved power-conversion-efficiencies (PCEs) in binary organic solar cells (OSCs). However, the effect of different halogenation in the 2D-structured large π-fused core of guest Y-SMAs on ternary OSCs has not yet been systematically studied. Herein, four 2D-conjugated Y-SMAs (X-QTP-4F, including halogen-free H-QTP-4F, chlorinated Cl-QTP-4F, brominated Br-QTP-4F, and iodinated I-QTP-4F) by attaching different halogens into 2D-conjugation extended dibenzo[f,h]quinoxaline core are developed. Among these X-QTP-4F, Cl-QTP-4F has a higher absorption coefficient, optimized molecular crystallinity and packing, suitable cascade energy levels, and complementary absorption with PM6:L8-BO host. Moreover, among ternary PM6:L8-BO:X-QTP-4F blends, PM6:L8-BO:Cl-QTP-4F obtains a more uniform and size-suitable fibrillary network morphology, improved molecular crystallinity and packing, as well as optimized vertical phase distribution, thus boosting charge generation, transport, extraction, and suppressing energy loss of OSCs. Consequently, the PM6:L8-BO:Cl-QTP-4F-based OSCs achieve a 19.0% efficiency, which is among the state-of-the-art OSCs based on 2D-conjugated Y-SMAs and superior to these devices based on PM6:L8-BO host (17.70%) and with guests of H-QTP-4F (18.23%), Br-QTP-4F (18.39%), and I-QTP-4F (17.62%). The work indicates that halogenation in 2D-structured dibenzo[f,h]quinoxaline core of Y-SMAs guests is a promising strategy to gain efficient ternary OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingshun Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 451191, China
| | - Hairui Bai
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Yibo Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Wenyan Su
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Chang Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Li
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Novel Semiconductor-Optoelectronics Materials and Devices, College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Yue Wu
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Novel Semiconductor-Optoelectronics Materials and Devices, College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Bin Hu
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Zezhou Liang
- Key Laboratory for Physical Electronics and Devices of the Ministry of Education & Shaanxi, Key Lab of Photonic Technique for Information, School of Electronics Science & Engineering, Faculty of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Zhaozhao Bi
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Xiong Li
- Department of Physics, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Lihe Yan
- Key Laboratory for Physical Electronics and Devices of the Ministry of Education & Shaanxi, Key Lab of Photonic Technique for Information, School of Electronics Science & Engineering, Faculty of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Huiling Du
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Guanghao Lu
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Chao Gao
- Key Laboratory of Liquid Crystal and Organic Photovoltaic Materials, State Key Laboratory of Fluorine & Nitrogen Chemicals, Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi'an, 710065, China
| | - Kun Wang
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 451191, China
| | - Yuhang Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Wei Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Qunping Fan
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
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Iqbal T, Sun S, Liu K, Zhu X. Regioisomeric thieno[3,4- d]thiazole-based A-Q-D-Q-A-type NIR acceptors for efficient non-fullerene organic solar cells. RSC Adv 2024; 14:10969-10977. [PMID: 38577434 PMCID: PMC10993312 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra01513d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
This study explores the potential of regioisomeric quinoidal-resonance π-spacers in designing near-infrared (NIR) non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs) for high-performance organic solar cell devices. Adopting thienothiazole as the π-spacer, two new isomeric A-Q-D-Q-A NFAs, TzN-S and TzS-S, are designed and synthesized. Both NFAs demonstrate a broad spectral response extended to the NIR region. However, they exhibit different photovoltaic properties when they were mixed with the PCE10 donor to fabricate respective solar cells. The optimal device of TzS-S achieves a PCE of 10.75%, much higher than that of TzN-S based ones (6.13%). The more favorable energetic offset and better molecular packing contribute to the better charge generation and transport, which explains the relative superiority of TzS-S NFA. This work sheds new light on the regioisomeric effect of component materials for optoelectronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahseen Iqbal
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Shaoming Sun
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Kerui Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Xiaozhang Zhu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
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3
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Yang N, Zhang T, Wang S, An C, Seibt S, Wang G, Wang J, Yang Y, Wang W, Xiao Y, Yao H, Zhang S, Ma W, Hou J. An Ortho-Bisalkyloxylated Benzene-Based Fully Non-fused Electron Acceptor for Efficient Organic Photovoltaic Cells. SMALL METHODS 2024; 8:e2300036. [PMID: 37092533 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202300036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
To develop the low-cost nonfullerene acceptors (NFAs), two fully non-fused NFAs (TBT-2 and TBT-6) with ortho-bis((2-ethylhexyl)oxy)benzene unit and different side chains onto thiophene-bridges are synthesized through highly efficient synthetic procedures. Both acceptors show good planarity, low optical gaps (≈1.51 eV), and deep highest occupied molecular orbital levels (≤-5.77 eV). More importantly, the single-crystal structure of TBT-2 shows compact molecular arrangement due to the existence of intramolecular interactions between adjacent aromatic units and strong π-π stacking between intermolecular terminal groups. When the two acceptors are fabricated organic photovoltaic (OPV) cells by combining with a wide optical gap polymer donor, the TBT-6 with strong crystallization forms large domain sizes in bulk heterojunction (BHJ) blend. As a result, the TBT-6-based OPV cell shows a low power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 9.53%. In contrast, the TBT-2 with proper crystallization facilitates morphological optimization in the BHJ blend. Consequently, the TBT-2-based OPV cell gives an outstanding PCE of 13.25%, which is one of the best values among OPV cells with similar optical gaps. Overall, this work provides a practical molecular design strategy for developing high-performance and low-cost electron acceptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Shijie Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Cunbin An
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Susanne Seibt
- Australian Synchrotron, ANSTO, Clayton, Victoria, 3168, Australia
| | - Guanlin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jingwen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Wenxuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yang Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Huifeng Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Shaoqing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Wei Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Jianhui Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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4
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He D, Li Y, Zhao F, Lin Y. Trap suppression in ordered organic photovoltaic heterojunctions. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:364-373. [PMID: 38099599 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc05559k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
The high trap density (generally 1016-1018 cm-3) in organic solar cells (OSCs) brings about the localization of charge carriers and reduced charge carrier lifetime, mainly due to the weak intermolecular interactions of organic semiconductors resulting in their relatively poor crystallinity, which leads to low charge carrier mobilities and intense non-radiative recombination, thus impeding the further improvement of power conversion efficiencies (PCEs). Therefore, trap suppression is crucial to boost the performance of OSCs, and improving the crystallinity of donor/acceptor materials and enhancing the molecular order in devices can contribute to the trap suppression in OSCs. In this feature article, we summarize the recent advances of trap suppression in OSCs by material design and device engineering, and further outline possible development directions for trap suppression to enhance PCEs of OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan He
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China.
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.
| | - Yawen Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Fuwen Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China.
| | - Yuze Lin
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
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5
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Bai H, Ma R, Su W, Peña TAD, Li T, Tang L, Yang J, Hu B, Wang Y, Bi Z, Su Y, Wei Q, Wu Q, Duan Y, Li Y, Wu J, Ding Z, Liao X, Huang Y, Gao C, Lu G, Li M, Zhu W, Li G, Fan Q, Ma W. Green-Solvent Processed Blade-Coating Organic Solar Cells with an Efficiency Approaching 19% Enabled by Alkyl-Tailored Acceptors. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2023; 15:241. [PMID: 37917278 PMCID: PMC10622389 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-023-01208-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Power-conversion-efficiencies (PCEs) of organic solar cells (OSCs) in laboratory, normally processed by spin-coating technology with toxic halogenated solvents, have reached over 19%. However, there is usually a marked PCE drop when the blade-coating and/or green-solvents toward large-scale printing are used instead, which hampers the practical development of OSCs. Here, a new series of N-alkyl-tailored small molecule acceptors named YR-SeNF with a same molecular main backbone are developed by combining selenium-fused central-core and naphthalene-fused end-group. Thanks to the N-alkyl engineering, NIR-absorbing YR-SeNF series show different crystallinity, packing patterns, and miscibility with polymeric donor. The studies exhibit that the molecular packing, crystallinity, and vertical distribution of active layer morphologies are well optimized by introducing newly designed guest acceptor associated with tailored N-alkyl chains, providing the improved charge transfer dynamics and stability for the PM6:L8-BO:YR-SeNF-based OSCs. As a result, a record-high PCE approaching 19% is achieved in the blade-coating OSCs fabricated from a green-solvent o-xylene with high-boiling point. Notably, ternary OSCs offer robust operating stability under maximum-power-point tracking and well-keep > 80% of the initial PCEs for even over 400 h. Our alkyl-tailored guest acceptor strategy provides a unique approach to develop green-solvent and blade-coating processed high-efficiency and operating stable OSCs, which paves a way for industrial development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hairui Bai
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruijie Ma
- Department of Electronic and Information Engineering, Research Institute for Smart Energy (RISE), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wenyan Su
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710054, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, People's Republic of China.
| | - Top Archie Dela Peña
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
- Advanced Materials Thrust, Function Hub, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Nansha, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Tengfei Li
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingxiao Tang
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Hu
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, People's Republic of China
| | - Yilin Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaozhao Bi
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, People's Republic of China
| | - Yueling Su
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Wei
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuwei Duan
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxiang Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710054, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaying Wu
- Advanced Materials Thrust, Function Hub, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Nansha, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zicheng Ding
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, People's Republic of China
| | - Xunfan Liao
- Key Lab of Fluorine and Silicon for Energy Materials and Chemistry of Ministry of Education/National Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Avenue, Nanchang, 330022, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinjuan Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Gao
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Liquid Crystal and Organic Photovoltaic Materials, State Key Laboratory of Fluorine & Nitrogen Chemicals, Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi'an, 710065, People's Republic of China
| | - Guanghao Lu
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingjie Li
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiguo Zhu
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center of Light-Electricity-Heat Energy-Converting Materials and Applications, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Electronic and Information Engineering, Research Institute for Smart Energy (RISE), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qunping Fan
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, People's Republic of China.
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center of Light-Electricity-Heat Energy-Converting Materials and Applications, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, People's Republic of China.
- Key Lab of Fluorine and Silicon for Energy Materials and Chemistry of Ministry of Education/National Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Avenue, Nanchang, 330022, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wei Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, People's Republic of China.
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Che Y, Niazi MR, Chan Q, Ghamari P, Yu T, Ruchlin C, Yu H, Yan H, Ma D, Xiao SS, Izquierdo R, Perepichka DF. Design of Furan-Based Acceptors for Organic Photovoltaics. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202309003. [PMID: 37572307 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202309003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
We explore a series of furan-based non-fullerene acceptors and report their optoelectronic properties, solid-state packing, photodegradation mechanism and application in photovoltaic devices. Incorporating furan building blocks leads to the expected enhanced backbone planarity, reduced band gap and red-shifted absorption of these acceptors. Still, their position in the molecule is critical for stability and device performance. We found that the photodegradation of these acceptors originates from two distinct pathways: electrocyclic photoisomerization and Diels-Alder cycloaddition of singlet oxygen. These mechanisms are of general significance to most non-fullerene acceptors, and the photostability depends strongly on the molecular structure. Placement of furans next to the acceptor termini leads to better photostability, well-balanced hole/electron transport, and significantly improved device performance. Methylfuran as the linker offers the best photostability and power conversion efficiency (>14 %), outperforming all furan-based acceptors reported to date and all indacenodithiophene-based acceptors. Our findings show the possibility of photostable furan-based alternatives to the currently omnipresent thiophene-based photovoltaic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Che
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 0B8, Canada
| | | | - Quentin Chan
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Pegah Ghamari
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Ting Yu
- Centre Énergie Matériaux Télécommunications, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Varennes, Québec, J3X 1P7, Canada
| | - Cory Ruchlin
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Han Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - He Yan
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Dongling Ma
- Centre Énergie Matériaux Télécommunications, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Varennes, Québec, J3X 1P7, Canada
| | | | - Ricardo Izquierdo
- Department of Electrical Engineering, École de Technologie Supérieure, Université du Québec, Montréal, Québec, H3C 1K3, Canada
| | - Dmytro F Perepichka
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 0B8, Canada
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7
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Xu Z, Islam MM, Meitzner R, Anand A, Djoumessi AS, Stumpf S, Hoeppener S, Neumann C, Turchanin A, Schubert US, Hoppe H. Electronic and Photochemical Passivation by a Classic Sunscreen Material Leading to Reduced Voc Losses and Enhanced Stability in Organic Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:45146-45157. [PMID: 37713523 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c08788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
Organic solar cells (OSCs) have been a popular topic of research for a long time. As a well-known electron transport layer (ETL) material for inverted device architecture, sol-gel-derived zinc oxide (ZnO) displays certain defective surfaces that cause excessive charge recombination and lower device performance. While ultraviolet (UV)-light soaking is sometimes necessary for the ZnO layer to function properly, the latter can also cause the photodegradation of conjugated organic semiconductors. The photostability of OSCs has always been a hot research topic, as the radiation of UV light may cause changes in the material's properties, and that, in turn, may cause rapid attenuation of the devices. Herein, ZnO is modified by inserting the commonly used sunscreen ingredient benzophenone-3 (BP-3) between the photoactive layer, consisting of a PM6:Y6 blend, and ZnO to reduce the impact of UV radiation on the photosensitive layer. The addition of BP-3 successfully enhances the photovoltaic parameters, and a remarkable open-circuit voltage (Voc) value of 0.887 V is obtained for PM6:Y6-based inverted solar cells, corresponding to a Voc loss as small as 0.547 V. Finally, the application of this strategy increases the device's power conversion efficiency from 12.44 to 13.71% and provides improved UV stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Xu
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC Jena), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7a, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Md Moidul Islam
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC Jena), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7a, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Rico Meitzner
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC Jena), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7a, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Helmholtz Center Berlin for Materials and Energy GmbH, Zum Grossen Windkanal 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Aman Anand
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC Jena), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7a, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Aurelien Sokeng Djoumessi
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC Jena), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7a, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Steffi Stumpf
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Stephanie Hoeppener
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Christof Neumann
- Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC Jena), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7a, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Lessingstrasse 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Abbe Center of Photonics, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 6, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Andrey Turchanin
- Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC Jena), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7a, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Lessingstrasse 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Abbe Center of Photonics, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 6, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Ulrich S Schubert
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC Jena), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7a, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Harald Hoppe
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC Jena), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7a, 07743 Jena, Germany
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8
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Zhang M, Chen X, Wang L, Deng X, Tan S. Simultaneously enhancing the photovoltaic parameters of ternary organic solar cells by incorporating a fused ring electron acceptor. RSC Adv 2023; 13:17354-17361. [PMID: 37304790 PMCID: PMC10251189 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra02225k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The ternary strategy has been recognized as an effective method to improve the photovoltaic performance of organic solar cells (OSCs). In ternary OSCs, the complementary or broadened absorption spectrum, optimized morphology, and enhanced photovoltaic performance could be obtained by selecting a third rational component for the host system. In this work, a fused ring electron acceptor named BTMe-C8-2F, which possesses a high-lying lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy level and a complementary absorption spectrum to PM6:Y6, was introduced to a PM6:Y6 binary system. The ternary blend film PM6:Y6:BTMe-C8-2F showed high and more balanced charge mobilities, and low charge recombination. Therefore, the OSC based on the PM6:Y6:BTMe-C8-2F (1 : 1.2 : 0.3, w/w/w) blend film achieved the highest power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 17.68%, with an open-circuit voltage (VOC) of 0.87 V, a short-circuit current (JSC) of 27.32 mA cm-2, and a fill factor (FF) of 74.05%, which are much higher than the binary devices of PM6:Y6 (PCE = 15.86%) and PM6:BTMe-C8-2F (PCE = 11.98%). This work provides more insight into the role of introducing a fused ring electron acceptor with a high-lying LUMO energy level and complementary spectrum for simultaneously enhancing the VOC and JSC to promote the performance of ternary OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhang
- Modern Industry School of Advanced Ceramics, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Fine Ceramics and Powder Materials, Hunan University of Humanities, Science and Technology Lou'di Hunan 417000 China
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University Xiangtan 411105 China
| | - Lei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University Xiangtan 411105 China
| | - Xiong Deng
- Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University Xiangtan 411105 China
| | - Songting Tan
- Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University Xiangtan 411105 China
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9
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Ma L, Zhang S, Ren J, Wang G, Li J, Chen Z, Yao H, Hou J. Design of a Fully Non-Fused Bulk Heterojunction toward Efficient and Low-Cost Organic Photovoltaics. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202214088. [PMID: 36448216 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202214088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
To modulate the miscibility between donor and acceptor materials both possessing fully non-fused ring structures, a series of electron acceptors (A4T-16, A4T-31 and A4T-32) with different polar functional substituents were synthesized and investigated. The three acceptors show good planarity, high conformational stability, complementary absorption and energy levels with the non-fused polymer donor (PTVT-BT). Among them, A4T-32 possesses the strongest polar functional group and shows the highest surface energy, which facilitates morphological modulation in the bulk heterojunction (BHJ) blend. Benefiting from the proper morphology control method, an impressive power conversion efficiency (PCE) of approaching 16.0 % and a superior fill factor over 0.795 are achieved in the PTVT-BT : A4T-32-based organic photovoltaic cells with superior photoactive materials price advantage, which represent the highest value for the cells based on the non-fused blend films. Notably, this cell maintains ≈84 % of its initial PCE after nearly 2000 h under the continuous simulated 1-sun-illumination. In addition, the flexible PTVT-BT : A4T-32-based cells were fabricated and delivered a decent PCE of 14.6 %. This work provides an effective molecular design strategy for the non-fused non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs) from the aspect of bulk morphology control in fully non-fused BHJ layers, which is crucial for their practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijiao Ma
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Shaoqing Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Biology Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Junzhen Ren
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Guanlin Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jiayao Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Zhihao Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Huifeng Yao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Jianhui Hou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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10
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Li J, Li H, Ma L, Zhang S, Hou J. Design and Synthesis of
N
‐Alkylaniline‐Substituted
Low
Band‐Gap
Electron Acceptors for Photovoltaic Application. CHINESE J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202200579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiayao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Hao Li
- School of Chemistry and Biology Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 China
| | - Lijiao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Shaoqing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- School of Chemistry and Biology Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 China
| | - Jianhui Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
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11
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Yan S, Hu K, Chen S, Li T, Zhang W, Yin J, Jiang X. Photo-induced stress relaxation in reconfigurable disulfide-crosslinked supramolecular films visualized by dynamic wrinkling. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7434. [PMID: 36460720 PMCID: PMC9718802 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35271-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress relaxation in reconfigurable supramolecular polymer networks is strongly related to intermolecular behavior. However, the relationship between molecular motion and macroscopic mechanics is usually vague, and the visualization of internal stress reflecting precise regulation of molecules remains challenging. Here, we present a strategy for visualizing photo-driven stress relaxation induced by infinitesimal perturbations in the intermolecular exchange reaction via reprogrammable wrinkle patterns. The supramolecular films exhibit visible changes in microscopic wrinkle topography through ultraviolet (UV)-induced dynamic disulfide exchange reaction. In accordance with the trans-scale theoretical models, which quantitatively evaluate the chemical-dependent mechanical stresses in the supramolecular network, the unexposed disordered wrinkles evolved into highly oriented patterns and underwent subsequent mutations after thermal treatment. The stress-sensitive wrinkle macro-patterns can be repetitively written/erased through network topology rearrangement using different stimuli. This strategy provides an approach for visualizing and understanding the molecular behavior from dynamic chemistry to mechanical changes, and directly programming wrinkle patterns with regulated structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuzhen Yan
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, State Key Laboratory for Metal Matrix Composite Materials, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240 PR China
| | - Kaiming Hu
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Systems and Vibration, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240 PR China
| | - Shuai Chen
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, State Key Laboratory for Metal Matrix Composite Materials, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240 PR China
| | - Tiantian Li
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, State Key Laboratory for Metal Matrix Composite Materials, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240 PR China
| | - Wenming Zhang
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Systems and Vibration, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240 PR China
| | - Jie Yin
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, State Key Laboratory for Metal Matrix Composite Materials, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240 PR China
| | - Xuesong Jiang
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, State Key Laboratory for Metal Matrix Composite Materials, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240 PR China
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12
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A New Dibenzoquinoxalineimide-Based Wide-Bandgap Polymer Donor for Polymer Solar Cells. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14173590. [PMID: 36080665 PMCID: PMC9460915 DOI: 10.3390/polym14173590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular design of a wide-bandgap polymer donor is critical to achieve high-performance organic photovoltaic devices. Herein, a new dibenzo-fused quinoxalineimide (BPQI) is successfully synthesized as an electron-deficient building block to construct donor–acceptor (D–A)-type polymers, namely P(BPQI-BDT) and P(BPQI-BDTT), using benzodithiophene and its derivative, which bears different side chains, as the copolymerization units. These two polymers are used as a donor, and the narrow bandgap (2,20-((2Z,20Z)-((12,13-bis(2-ethylhexyl)-3,9-diundecyl-12,13-dihydro-[1,2,5]thiadiazolo [3,4-e]thieno[2,″30′:4′,50]thieno[20,30:4,5]pyrrolo[3,2g]thieno[20,30:4,5]thieno[3,2-b]indole-2,10 diyl)bis(methanylylidene))bis(5,6-difluoro-3-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-indene-2,1-diylidene))dimalononitrile) Y6 is used as an acceptor to fabricate bulk heterojunction polymer solar cell devices. Y6, as a non-fullerene receptor (NFA), has excellent electrochemical and optical properties, as well as a high efficiency of over 18%. The device, based on P(BPQI-BDTT):Y6, showed power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of 6.31% with a JSC of 17.09 mA cm−2, an open-circuit voltage (VOC) of 0.82 V, and an FF of 44.78%. This study demonstrates that dibenzo-fused quinoxalineimide is a promising building block for developing wide-bandgap polymer donors.
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13
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Lin YC, She NZ, Chen CH, Yabushita A, Lin H, Li MH, Chang B, Hsueh TF, Tsai BS, Chen PT, Yang Y, Wei KH. Perylene Diimide-Fused Dithiophenepyrroles with Different End Groups as Acceptors for Organic Photovoltaics. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:37990-38003. [PMID: 35904802 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c06135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we synthesized four new A-DA'D-A acceptors (where A and D represent acceptor and donor chemical units) incorporating perylene diimide units (A') as their core structures and presenting various modes of halogenation and substitution of the functional groups at their end groups (A). In these acceptors, by fusing dithiophenepyrrole (DTP) moieties (D) to the helical perylene diimide dimer (hPDI) to form fused-hPDI (FhPDI) cores, we could increase the D/A' oscillator strength in the cores and, thus, the intensity of intramolecular charge transfer (ICT), thereby enhancing the intensity of the absorption bands. With four different end group units─IC2F, IC2Cl, IO2F, and IO2Cl─tested, each of these acceptor molecules exhibited different optical characteristics. Among all of these systems, the organic photovoltaic device incorporating the polymer PCE10 blended with the acceptor FhPDI-IC2F (1:1.1 wt %) had the highest power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 9.0%; the optimal PCEs of PCE10:FhPDI-IO2F, PCE10:FhPDI-IO2Cl, and PCE10:FhPDI-IC2Cl (1:1.1 wt %) devices were 5.2, 4.7, and 7.7%, respectively. The relatively high PCE of the PCE10:FhPDI-IC2F device resulted primarily from the higher absorption coefficients of the FhPDI-IC2F acceptor, lower energy loss, and more efficient charge transfer; the FhPDI-IC2F system experienced a lower degree of geminate recombination─as a result of improved delocalization of π-electrons along the acceptor unit─relative to that of the other three acceptors systems. Thus, altering the end groups of multichromophoric PDI units can increase the PCEs of devices incorporating PDI-derived materials and might also be a new pathway for the creation of other valuable fused-ring derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Che Lin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Nian-Zu She
- Department of Electrophysics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Hao Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Atsushi Yabushita
- Department of Electrophysics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Heng Lin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Hua Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Bin Chang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Fang Hsueh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Bing-Shiun Tsai
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Po-Tuan Chen
- Department of Vehicle Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Kung-Hwa Wei
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
- Center for Emergent Functional Matter Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
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14
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Li S, Fu Q, Meng L, Wan X, Ding L, Lu G, Lu G, Yao Z, Li C, Chen Y. Achieving over 18 % Efficiency Organic Solar Cell Enabled by a ZnO‐Based Hybrid Electron Transport Layer with an Operational Lifetime up to 5 Years. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202207397. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202207397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shitong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials Institute of Polymer Chemistry Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST) College of Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Qiang Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials Institute of Polymer Chemistry Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST) College of Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Lingxian Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials Institute of Polymer Chemistry Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST) College of Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Xiangjian Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials Institute of Polymer Chemistry Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST) College of Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Liming Ding
- Center for Excellence in Nanoscience (CAS) Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication (CAS) National Center for Nanoscience and Technology Beijing 100190 China
| | - Guanyu Lu
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi An Shi, Xi'an 710054 China
| | - Guanghao Lu
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi An Shi, Xi'an 710054 China
| | - Zhaoyang Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials Institute of Polymer Chemistry Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST) College of Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Chenxi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials Institute of Polymer Chemistry Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST) College of Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Yongsheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials Institute of Polymer Chemistry Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST) College of Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
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15
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Zhang G, Lin FR, Qi F, Heumüller T, Distler A, Egelhaaf HJ, Li N, Chow PCY, Brabec CJ, Jen AKY, Yip HL. Renewed Prospects for Organic Photovoltaics. Chem Rev 2022; 122:14180-14274. [PMID: 35929847 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Organic photovoltaics (OPVs) have progressed steadily through three stages of photoactive materials development: (i) use of poly(3-hexylthiophene) and fullerene-based acceptors (FAs) for optimizing bulk heterojunctions; (ii) development of new donors to better match with FAs; (iii) development of non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs). The development and application of NFAs with an A-D-A configuration (where A = acceptor and D = donor) has enabled devices to have efficient charge generation and small energy losses (Eloss < 0.6 eV), resulting in substantially higher power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) than FA-based devices. The discovery of Y6-type acceptors (Y6 = 2,2'-((2Z,2'Z)-((12,13-bis(2-ethylhexyl)-3,9-diundecyl-12,13-dihydro-[1,2,5]-thiadiazolo[3,4-e]-thieno[2″,3″:4',5']thieno-[2',3':4,5]pyrrolo-[3,2-g]thieno-[2',3':4,5]thieno-[3,2-b]indole-2,10-diyl)bis(methanylylidene))bis(5,6-difluoro-3-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-indene-2,1-diylidene))dimalononitrile) with an A-DA' D-A configuration has further propelled the PCEs to go beyond 15% due to smaller Eloss values (∼0.5 eV) and higher external quantum efficiencies. Subsequently, the PCEs of Y6-series single-junction devices have increased to >19% and may soon approach 20%. This review provides an update of recent progress of OPV in the following aspects: developments of novel NFAs and donors, understanding of the structure-property relationships and underlying mechanisms of state-of-the-art OPVs, and tasks underpinning the commercialization of OPVs, such as device stability, module development, potential applications, and high-throughput manufacturing. Finally, an outlook and prospects section summarizes the remaining challenges for the further development of OPV technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guichuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.,School of Semiconductor Science and Technology, South China Normal University, Foshan 528225, China
| | - Francis R Lin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China
| | - Feng Qi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China
| | - Thomas Heumüller
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (i-MEET), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Martensstrasse 7, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.,Helmholtz Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg (HI ERN), Immerwahrstrasse 2, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andreas Distler
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (i-MEET), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Martensstrasse 7, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hans-Joachim Egelhaaf
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (i-MEET), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Martensstrasse 7, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.,Helmholtz Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg (HI ERN), Immerwahrstrasse 2, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ning Li
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Philip C Y Chow
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam 999077, Hong Kong, China
| | - Christoph J Brabec
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (i-MEET), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Martensstrasse 7, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.,Helmholtz Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg (HI ERN), Immerwahrstrasse 2, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Alex K-Y Jen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China.,School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China.,Hong Kong Institute for Clean Energy, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hin-Lap Yip
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China.,School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China.,Hong Kong Institute for Clean Energy, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China
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16
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Effects of Thieno[3,2-b]thiophene Number on Narrow-Bandgap Fused-Ring Electron Acceptors. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-022-2735-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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17
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Li S, Fu Q, Meng L, Wan X, Ding L, Lu G, Lu G, Yao Z, Li C, Chen Y. Achieving over 18% Efficiency Organic Solar Cell Enabled by a ZnO‐Based Hybrid Electron Transport Layer with an Operational Lifetime up to 5 Years. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202207397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shitong Li
- Nankai University College of Chemistry CHINA
| | - Qiang Fu
- Nankai University College of Chemistry CHINA
| | | | | | - Liming Ding
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication CHINA
| | - Guanyu Lu
- Xi'an Jiaotong University Frontier Institute of Science and Technology CHINA
| | - Guanghao Lu
- Xi'an Jiaotong University Frontier Institute of Science and Technology CHINA
| | | | - Chenxi Li
- Nankai University College of Chemistry CHINA
| | - Yongsheng Chen
- Nankai University Institute of Polymer Chemistry,College of Chemistry Weijin Rd 94 300071 Tianjin CHINA
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18
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Cai G, Chen Z, Li M, Li Y, Xue P, Cao Q, Chi W, Liu H, Xia X, An Q, Tang Z, Zhu H, Zhan X, Lu X. Revealing the Sole Impact of Acceptor's Molecular Conformation to Energy Loss and Device Performance of Organic Solar Cells through Positional Isomers. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2103428. [PMID: 35322593 PMCID: PMC9130893 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202103428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Two new fused-ring electron acceptor (FREA) isomers with nonlinear and linear molecular conformation, m-BAIDIC and p-BAIDIC, are designed and synthesized. Despite the similar light absorption range and energy levels, the two isomers exhibit distinct electron reorganization energies and molecular packing motifs, which are directly related to the molecular conformation. Compared with the nonlinear acceptor, the linear p-BAIDIC shows more ordered molecular packing and higher crystallinity. Furthermore, p-BAIDIC-based devices exhibit reduced nonradiative energy loss and improved charge transport mobilities. It is beneficial to enhance the open-circuit voltage (VOC ) and short-current current density (JSC ) of the devices. Therefore, the linear FREA, p-BAIDIC yields a relatively higher efficiency of 7.71% in the binary device with PM6, in comparison with the nonlinear m-BAIDIC. When p-BAIDIC is incorporated into the binary PM6/BO-4Cl system to form a ternary system, synergistic enhancements in VOC , JSC , fill factor (FF), and ultimately a high efficiency of 17.6% are achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilong Cai
- Department of PhysicsThe Chinese University of Hong KongNew TerritoriesHong Kong999077China
| | - Zeng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical InstrumentationCenter for Chemistry of High‐Performance & Novel MaterialsDepartment of ChemistryZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang310030China
| | - Mengyang Li
- Center for Advanced Low‐dimension MaterialsState Key Laboratory for Modi cation of Chemical Fibers and Polymer MaterialsCollege of Materials Science and EngineeringDonghua UniversityShanghai201620China
| | - Yuhao Li
- Department of PhysicsThe Chinese University of Hong KongNew TerritoriesHong Kong999077China
| | - Peiyao Xue
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringPeking UniversityBeijing100871China
| | - Qingbin Cao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringBeijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing100081China
| | - Weijie Chi
- Fluorescence Research GroupSingapore University of Technology and DesignSingapore487372Singapore
| | - Heng Liu
- Department of PhysicsThe Chinese University of Hong KongNew TerritoriesHong Kong999077China
| | - Xinxin Xia
- Department of PhysicsThe Chinese University of Hong KongNew TerritoriesHong Kong999077China
| | - Qiaoshi An
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringBeijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing100081China
| | - Zheng Tang
- Center for Advanced Low‐dimension MaterialsState Key Laboratory for Modi cation of Chemical Fibers and Polymer MaterialsCollege of Materials Science and EngineeringDonghua UniversityShanghai201620China
| | - Haiming Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical InstrumentationCenter for Chemistry of High‐Performance & Novel MaterialsDepartment of ChemistryZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang310030China
| | - Xiaowei Zhan
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringPeking UniversityBeijing100871China
| | - Xinhui Lu
- Department of PhysicsThe Chinese University of Hong KongNew TerritoriesHong Kong999077China
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19
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Lai H, Chen H, Zhu Y, Wang H, Li Y, He F. Aggregation of Small Molecule and Polymer Acceptors with 2D-Fused Backbones in Organic Solar Cells. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hanjian Lai
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yulin Zhu
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Hengtao Wang
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yan Li
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Feng He
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
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20
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Wang J, Zhan X. From Perylene Diimide Polymers to
Fused‐Ring
Electron Acceptors: A
15‐Year
Exploration Journey of Nonfullerene Acceptors. CHINESE J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202200027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Xiaowei Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University Beijing 100871 China
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21
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Selection of side groups on simple
non‐fullerene
acceptors for the application in organic solar cells: From flexible to rigid. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20210947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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22
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Zhu E, Fu L, Lu Y, Jiang W, Jee MH, Liu R, Li Z, Che G, Woo HY, Liu C. NIR-Absorbing Electron Acceptor Based on a Selenium-Heterocyclic Core Attaching to Phenylalkyl Side Chains for Polymer Solar Cells with 17.3% Efficiency. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:7082-7092. [PMID: 35076207 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c20813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Selenium-heterocyclic and side-chain strategies for developing near-infrared (NIR) small fused-ring acceptors (FRAs) to further obtain short-circuit current density (Jsc) have proven advantageous in the top-performing polymer solar cells (PSCs). Herein, a new electron-rich central selenium-containing heterocycle core (BTSe) attaching alkyl side chains with a terminal phenyl group was coupled with a difluorinated and dichlorinated electron-accepting terminal 1,1-dicyanomethylene-3-indanone (IC) to afford two types of new FRAs, BTSe-IC2F and BTSe-IC2Cl. Interestingly, in spite of the weaker intramolecular charge transfer, BTSe-IC2F shows a stronger NIR response because of the smaller bandgap (Egopt) up to 1.26 eV, benefiting from the stronger ordered molecular packing in comparison to BTSe-IC2Cl with an Egopt of 1.30 eV. Additionally, thermal annealing induced an evident red shift by ∼50 nm in the absorption of D18:BTSe-IC2F blend films. Such a phenomenon may be attributed to the synergistic impact of the formation of inward constriction toward the molecular backbone because of the combination of bulky side chains and fluorinated IC as well as the reduced aromaticity of the selenium heterocycle. Consequently, the thermally annealed device based on BTSe-IC2F/D18 achieves a champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 17.3% with a high fill factor (FF) of 77.22%, which is among the highest reported PCE values for selenium-heterocyclic FRAs in binary PSCs. The improved Jsc and FF values of the D18:BTSe-IC2F film are simultaneously achieved mainly because of the preferred face-on orientations, the well-balanced electron/hole mobility, and the favorable blend morphology compared to D18:BTSe-IC2Cl. This work suggests that the selenium-heterocyclic fused-ring core (with proper side chains) combined with fluorinated terminal groups is an effective strategy for obtaining highly efficient NIR-responsive FRAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enwei Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Preparation and Application of Environmental Friendly Materials, Jilin Normal University, Ministry of Education, Changchun 130103, P.R. China
- College of Chemistry, Jilin Normal University, Siping 13600, P.R. China
| | - Liying Fu
- Key Laboratory of Preparation and Application of Environmental Friendly Materials, Jilin Normal University, Ministry of Education, Changchun 130103, P.R. China
- College of Chemistry, Jilin Normal University, Siping 13600, P.R. China
| | - Ye Lu
- Key Laboratory of Preparation and Application of Environmental Friendly Materials, Jilin Normal University, Ministry of Education, Changchun 130103, P.R. China
- College of Chemistry, Jilin Normal University, Siping 13600, P.R. China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Preparation and Application of Environmental Friendly Materials, Jilin Normal University, Ministry of Education, Changchun 130103, P.R. China
- College of Chemistry, Jilin Normal University, Siping 13600, P.R. China
| | - Min Hun Jee
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea
| | - Renming Liu
- Key Laboratory of Preparation and Application of Environmental Friendly Materials, Jilin Normal University, Ministry of Education, Changchun 130103, P.R. China
- College of Chemistry, Jilin Normal University, Siping 13600, P.R. China
| | - Zhiyi Li
- Key Laboratory of Preparation and Application of Environmental Friendly Materials, Jilin Normal University, Ministry of Education, Changchun 130103, P.R. China
- College of Environment Science and Engineering, Jilin Normal University, Siping 13600, P.R. China
| | - Guangbo Che
- Key Laboratory of Preparation and Application of Environmental Friendly Materials, Jilin Normal University, Ministry of Education, Changchun 130103, P.R. China
- College of Environment Science and Engineering, Jilin Normal University, Siping 13600, P.R. China
| | - Han Young Woo
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea
| | - Chunbo Liu
- Key Laboratory of Preparation and Application of Environmental Friendly Materials, Jilin Normal University, Ministry of Education, Changchun 130103, P.R. China
- College of Environment Science and Engineering, Jilin Normal University, Siping 13600, P.R. China
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23
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Zhou Y, Li M, Yu N, Shen S, Song J, Ma Z, Bo Z. Simple Tricyclic-Based A-π-D-π-A-Type Nonfullerene Acceptors for High-Efficiency Organic Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:6039-6047. [PMID: 35061346 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c22520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Nonfused-ring electron acceptors have attracted much attention in recent years due to their advantages of simple synthetic routes, high yields, low costs, reasonable power conversion efficiencies (PCEs), and so on. Herein, three simple A-π-D-π-A-type acceptors (DTC-BO-4F, DTS-BO-4F, and DTP-BO-4F) comprising a tricyclic fused-ring core, two 2,5-bis(alkyloxy)phenylene spacers, and two difluorinated terminal groups (DF-IC) were developed. Compared with DTS-BO-4F, DTC-BO-4F and DTP-BO-4F exhibit higher molar extinction coefficients, stronger crystallinity, and more orderly stacking. The PBDB-T:DTC-BO-4F-based blend film shows suitable phase separation and higher and more balanced charge mobilities. Finally, the photovoltaic devices based on DTC-BO-4F give an outstanding PCE of 13.26% with a small nonradiative voltage loss of 0.23 eV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
- Engineering Research Center for Nanomaterials, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Miao Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Na Yu
- Center for Advanced Low-Dimension Materials, State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, 201620 Shanghai, China
| | - Shuaishuai Shen
- Engineering Research Center for Nanomaterials, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Jinsheng Song
- Engineering Research Center for Nanomaterials, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Zaifei Ma
- Center for Advanced Low-Dimension Materials, State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, 201620 Shanghai, China
| | - Zhishan Bo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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24
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Xue P, Cheng P, Han RPS, Zhan X. Printing fabrication of large-area non-fullerene organic solar cells. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2022; 9:194-219. [PMID: 34679154 DOI: 10.1039/d1mh01317c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Organic solar cells (OSCs) based on a bulk heterojunction structure exhibit inherent advantages, such as low cost, light weight, mechanical flexibility, and easy processing, and they are emerging as a potential renewable energy technology. However, most studies are focused on lab-scale, small-area (<1 cm2) devices. Large-area (>1 cm2) OSCs still exhibit considerable efficiency loss during upscaling from small-area to large-area, which is a big challenge. In recent years, along with the rapid development of high-performance non-fullerene acceptors, many researchers have focused on developing large-area non-fullerene-based devices and modules. There are three essential issues in upscaling OSCs from small-area to large-area: fabrication technology, equipment development, and device component processing strategy. In this review, the challenges and solutions in fabricating high-performance large-area OSCs are discussed in terms of the abovementioned three aspects. In addition, the recent progress of large-area OSCs based on non-fullerene electron acceptors is summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiyao Xue
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China.
| | - Pei Cheng
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Ray P S Han
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China.
| | - Xiaowei Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China.
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25
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Schweda B, Reinfelds M, Hofstadler P, Trimmel G, Rath T. Recent Progress in the Design of Fused-Ring Non-Fullerene Acceptors-Relations between Molecular Structure and Optical, Electronic, and Photovoltaic Properties. ACS APPLIED ENERGY MATERIALS 2021; 4:11899-11981. [PMID: 35856015 PMCID: PMC9286321 DOI: 10.1021/acsaem.1c01737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Organic solar cells are on the dawn of the next era. The change of focus toward non-fullerene acceptors has introduced an enormous amount of organic n-type materials and has drastically increased the power conversion efficiencies of organic photovoltaics, now exceeding 18%, a value that was believed to be unreachable some years ago. In this Review, we summarize the recent progress in the design of ladder-type fused-ring non-fullerene acceptors in the years 2018-2020. We thereby concentrate on single layer heterojunction solar cells and omit tandem architectures as well as ternary solar cells. By analyzing more than 700 structures, we highlight the basic design principles and their influence on the optical and electrical structure of the acceptor molecules and review their photovoltaic performance obtained so far. This Review should give an extensive overview of the plenitude of acceptor motifs but will also help to understand which structures and strategies are beneficial for designing materials for highly efficient non-fullerene organic solar cells.
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26
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An K, Peng F, Zhong W, Deng W, Zhang D, Ying L, Wu H, Huang F, Cao Y. Improving photovoltaic parameters of all-polymer solar cells through integrating two polymeric donors. Sci China Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-021-1078-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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27
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Zheng B, Huo L. Recent Advances of Furan and Its Derivatives Based Semiconductor Materials for Organic Photovoltaics. SMALL METHODS 2021; 5:e2100493. [PMID: 34928062 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202100493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The state-of-the-art bulk-heterojunction (BHJ)-type organic solar cells (OSCs) have exhibited power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of exceeding 18%. Thereinto, thiophene and its fused-ring derivatives play significant roles in facilitating the development of OSCs due to their excellent semiconducting natures. Furan as thiophene analogue, is a ubiquitous motif in naturally occurring organic compounds. Driven by the advantages of furan, such as less steric hindrance, good solubility, excellent stacking, strong rigidity and fluorescence, biomass derived fractions, more and more research groups focus on the furan-based materials for using in OSCs in the past decade. To systematically understand the developments of furan-based photovoltaic materials, the relationships between the molecular structures, optoelectronic properties, and photovoltaic performances for the furan-based semiconductor materials including single furan, benzofuran, benzodifuran (BDF) (containing thienobenzofuran (TBF)), naphthodifurans (NDF), and polycyclic furan are summarized. Finally, the empirical regularities and perspectives of the development of this kind of new organic semiconductor materials are extracted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Zheng
- School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
| | - Lijun Huo
- School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
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28
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Completely non-fused electron acceptor with 3D-interpenetrated crystalline structure enables efficient and stable organic solar cell. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5093. [PMID: 34429435 PMCID: PMC8384863 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25394-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs) based on non-fused conjugated structures have more potential to realize low-cost organic photovoltaic (OPV) cells. However, their power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) are much lower than those of the fused-ring NFAs. Herein, a new bithiophene-based non-fused core (TT-Pi) featuring good planarity as well as large steric hindrance was designed, based on which a completely non-fused NFA, A4T-16, was developed. The single-crystal result of A4T-16 reveals that a three-dimensional interpenetrating network can be formed due to the compact π–π stacking between the adjacent end-capping groups. A high PCE of 15.2% is achieved based on PBDB-TF:A4T-16, which is the highest value for the cells based on the non-fused NFAs. Notably, the device retains ~84% of its initial PCE after 1300 h under the simulated AM 1.5 G illumination (100 mW cm−2). Overall, this work provides insight into molecule design of the non-fused NFAs from the aspect of molecular geometry control. Non-fullerene acceptors based on non-fused conjugated structures have potential for realizing low-cost organic photovoltaic cells, owing to its synthetic simplicity. Here, the authors develop a non-fused molecule with a three-dimensional interpenetrating network and compact π-π stacking, which is highly suitable for PV applications.
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29
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Cui M, Li N, Wang Y, Li Y, Tian X, Zhang X, Wang W, Liu Z, Rong Q, Gao X, Zhou G, Nian L. Performance Enhancement of Organic Solar Cells by Adding a Liquid Crystalline Molecule in Cathode and Anode Interlayers. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:35639-35646. [PMID: 34282876 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c06329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this study, an effective and simple approach for optimizing the performance of both cathode and anode interlayers in OSCs is demonstrated using 4-heptyl-4'-cyanobiphenyl (7CB) to dope a classic cathode (ZnO and SnO2) or an anode interlayer [poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS)]. Because of the enhanced light absorption, improved physical contact between a photoactive layer and an interlayer, and increased carrier recombination, all of the devices based on a 7CB-doped interlayer show increased short-circuit current density (Jsc), fill factor (FF), and power conversion efficiency (PCE) compared to the corresponding undoped interlayer, regardless it is the anode interlayer or the cathode interlayer, which is a rare phenomenon in the interlayer modification field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqi Cui
- South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Na Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Functional Materials and Devices, School of Information and Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yuying Wang
- South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yuting Li
- South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xia Tian
- South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xingchen Zhang
- South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Wenting Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Functional Materials and Devices, School of Information and Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhongmin Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Functional Materials and Devices, School of Information and Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Qikun Rong
- South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xingsen Gao
- South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Guofu Zhou
- South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Li Nian
- South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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30
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Irgashev RA, Steparuk AS, Rusinov GL. Synthesis of 6H,7H-chromeno[3′,4′:4,5]thieno[3,2-b]indol-6-ones using the Fischer indolization reaction. Tetrahedron Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2021.153297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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31
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Yang C, An Q, Bai H, Zhi H, Ryu HS, Mahmood A, Zhao X, Zhang S, Woo HY, Wang J. A Synergistic Strategy of Manipulating the Number of Selenophene Units and Dissymmetric Central Core of Small Molecular Acceptors Enables Polymer Solar Cells with 17.5 % Efficiency. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202104766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Can Yang
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 China
| | - Qiaoshi An
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 China
| | - Hai‐Rui Bai
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 China
| | - Hong‐Fu Zhi
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 China
| | - Hwa Sook Ryu
- Department of Chemistry Korea University Seoul 136-713 Republic of Korea
| | - Asif Mahmood
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 China
| | - Shaowen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 China
| | - Han Young Woo
- Department of Chemistry Korea University Seoul 136-713 Republic of Korea
| | - Jin‐Liang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 China
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32
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Yang C, An Q, Bai HR, Zhi HF, Ryu HS, Mahmood A, Zhao X, Zhang S, Woo HY, Wang JL. A Synergistic Strategy of Manipulating the Number of Selenophene Units and Dissymmetric Central Core of Small Molecular Acceptors Enables Polymer Solar Cells with 17.5 % Efficiency. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:19241-19252. [PMID: 34051037 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202104766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A dissymmetric backbone and selenophene substitution on the central core was used for the synthesis of symmetric or dissymmetric A-DA'D-A type non-fullerene small molecular acceptors (NF-SMAs) with different numbers of selenophene. From S-YSS-Cl to A-WSSe-Cl and to S-WSeSe-Cl, a gradually red-shifted absorption and a gradually larger electron mobility and crystallinity in neat thin film was observed. A-WSSe-Cl and S-WSeSe-Cl exhibit stronger and tighter intermolecular π-π stacking interactions, extra S⋅⋅⋅N non-covalent intermolecular interactions from central benzothiadiazole, better ordered 3D interpenetrating charge-transfer networks in comparison with thiophene-based S-YSS-Cl. The dissymmetric A-WSSe-Cl-based device has a PCE of 17.51 %, which is the highest value for selenophene-based NF-SMAs in binary polymer solar cells. The combination of dissymmetric core and precise replacement of selenophene on the central core is effective to improve Jsc and FF without sacrificing Voc .
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Yang
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Qiaoshi An
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Hai-Rui Bai
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Hong-Fu Zhi
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Hwa Sook Ryu
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul, 136-713, Republic of Korea
| | - Asif Mahmood
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Shaowen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Han Young Woo
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul, 136-713, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Liang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
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Lai H, Liu L, Zheng N, Han L, He F. Push or Pull Electrons: Acetoxy and Carbomethoxy-Substituted Isomerisms in Organic Solar Cell Acceptors. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:4666-4673. [PMID: 33978429 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c01077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Isomerism is a major factor affecting the properties of materials. Herein, two isomeric acceptors based on acetoxy and methyl ester end group substituents, BTIC-OCOMe and BTIC-COOMe are reported. When blended with PBDB-TF, devices based on BTIC-OCOMe achieve an inferior (8.32%) power conversion efficiency (PCE) while the BTIC-COOMe material has a superior PCE of 13.25%. We investigated the reasons why these two devices, which differ only in the isomeric substituents on the terminal site, have such a large difference in photovoltaic performance. Our investigation conducted theoretical calculations and examined UV-vis absorption, energy levels, exciton dissociation and bimolecular recombination, mobilities tests, photoluminescence, and packing modes. It is found that the energy levels of the materials are fine-tuned, the absorption spectra are adjusted, and the energy loss is regulated. Our studies explored the reasons for the properties of materials differing, and the acetoxy and carbomethoxy substitutions provided some useful information concerning high-performance acceptor materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanjian Lai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Longzhu Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Nan Zheng
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Liang Han
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Feng He
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
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Non-equivalent D-A copolymerization strategy towards highly efficient polymer donor for polymer solar cells. Sci China Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-021-9988-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Abstract
ConspectusEmerging solar cells that convert clean and renewable solar energy to electricity, such as organic solar cells (OSCs) and perovskite solar cells (PSCs), have attracted increasing attention owing to some merits such as facile fabrication, low cost, flexibility, and short energy payback time. The power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of OSCs and PSCs have exceeded 18% and 25%, respectively.Fullerene derivatives have high electron affinity and mobility with an isotropic transport feature. Fullerene-based OSCs yielded superior PCEs to other acceptors and have dominated electron acceptor materials from 1995 to 2015. However, some drawbacks of fullerenes, such as weak visible absorption, limited tunability of electronic properties, laborious purification, and morphological instability, restrict further development of OSCs toward higher PCEs and practical applications. The theoretical PCE of fullerene-based OSCs is limited to ∼13% due to the relatively large energy losses. Many efforts have been dedicated to developing new acceptor systems beyond fullerenes, and some successful systems such as rylene diimides have achieved PCEs up to ca. 11%.In 2015, our group pioneered a new class of electron acceptors, fused-ring electron acceptor (FREA), as represented by the star molecule ITIC. The chemical features of FREAs include: (1) a modular structure, consisting of an electron-donating core, electron-withdrawing end groups, π-bridges, and side chains, which benefits molecular tailoring; (2) facile synthesis, purification, and scalability. The physical features of FREAs include: (1) a broad modulation range of absorption and energy levels; (2) strong absorption, especially in the 700-1000 nm region; (3) high electron mobility. The device features of FREAs include: (1) low voltage loss; (2) high efficiency; (3) good stability. The FREAs boosted PCEs of the OSCs up to 18% and initiated the transformation from the fullerene to nonfullerene era of this field. FREAs can also be used in PSCs as interfacial layers, electron transport layers, or active layers, improving both efficiency and stability of the devices. Beyond photovoltaic applications, FREAs can also be used in photodetectors, field-effect transistors, two-photon absorption, photothermal therapy, solar water splitting, etc.In this Account, we review the development of the FREAs and their applications in OSCs, PSCs, and other related fields. Molecular design, device engineering, photophysics, and applications of FREAs are discussed in detail. Future research directions toward performance optimization and commercialization of FREAs are also proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xiaowei Zhan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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