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Yu CP, Chowdhury R, Fu Y, Ghosh P, Zeng W, Mustafa TBE, Grüne J, Walker LE, Congrave DG, Chua XW, Murto P, Rao A, Sirringhaus H, Plasser F, Grey CP, Friend RH, Bronstein H. Near-infrared luminescent open-shell π-conjugated systems with a bright lowest-energy zwitterionic singlet excited state. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eado3476. [PMID: 39047089 PMCID: PMC11268402 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ado3476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Open-shell systems with extensive π-conjugation have fascinating properties due to their narrow bandgaps and spin interactions. In this work, we report neutral open-shell di- and polyradical conjugated materials exhibiting intriguing optical and magnetic properties. Our key design advance is the planarized geometry allowing for greater interaction between adjacent spins. This results in absorption and emission in the near infrared at 803 and 1050 nanometers, respectively, and we demonstrate a unique electronic structure where a bright zwitterionic excited state is the lowest-accessible electronic transition. Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy and superconducting quantum interference device measurements reveal that our materials are open-shell singlets with different degrees of spin interactions, dynamics, and antiferromagnetic properties, which likely contributed to the formation of their emissive zwitterionic singlet excited state and near-infrared emission. In addition, our materials show reversible and stable electrochromic switching with more than 500 cycles, indicating their potential for optoelectronic and electrochemical energy storage applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig P. Yu
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
- Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, Cambridge University, Cambridge CB3 0HF, UK
| | - Rituparno Chowdhury
- Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, Cambridge University, Cambridge CB3 0HF, UK
| | - Yao Fu
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Pratyush Ghosh
- Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, Cambridge University, Cambridge CB3 0HF, UK
| | - Weixuan Zeng
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Tarig B. E. Mustafa
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
- Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, Cambridge University, Cambridge CB3 0HF, UK
| | - Jeannine Grüne
- Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, Cambridge University, Cambridge CB3 0HF, UK
| | - Lucy E. Walker
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Daniel G. Congrave
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Xian Wei Chua
- Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, Cambridge University, Cambridge CB3 0HF, UK
| | - Petri Murto
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
- Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, Cambridge University, Cambridge CB3 0HF, UK
| | - Akshay Rao
- Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, Cambridge University, Cambridge CB3 0HF, UK
| | - Henning Sirringhaus
- Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, Cambridge University, Cambridge CB3 0HF, UK
| | - Felix Plasser
- Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK
| | - Clare P. Grey
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Richard H. Friend
- Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, Cambridge University, Cambridge CB3 0HF, UK
| | - Hugo Bronstein
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
- Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, Cambridge University, Cambridge CB3 0HF, UK
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Yue Z, Liu J, Baumgarten M, Wang D. Spirobifluorene Mediating the Spin-Spin Coupling of Nitronyl Nitroxide Diradicals. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:1565-1575. [PMID: 36627248 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c06648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the mechanism of this spiro conjugation magnetic behavior, we designed and synthesized three diradicals─22'SBF-NN, 44'SBF-NN, and 27SBF-NN. They are bridged by spirobifluorene and nitronyl nitroxide (NN) diradicals as the spin centers. Notably, by SQUID and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) zero-field splitting data analyses, the 22'SBF-NN and 27SBF-NN diradicals exhibit intramolecular, distinctly antiferromagnetic (AF) coupling, with 2J(22'SBF-NN)/kB = -5.86 K and 2J(27SBF-NN)/kB = -24.6 K, respectively. The AF of 22'SBF-NN is opposite to that predicted by the spin density alternation rule based on Hund's rule. Diradical intramolecular conjugation coupling bridged by spiro-carbon conjugation is discussed, in which the 22'SBF-NN is smaller than that of 27SBF-NN, corresponding to the room-temperature EPR characterization. This spiro conjugation is weaker than the traditional planar conjugation and generally leads to a weaker spin-spin coupling in the helical biradical molecule. The EPR spectrum of the 44'SBF-NN diradical shows a deformed nine-line curve, indicating intramolecular exchange coupling. The density functional theory calculation gives a very weak coupling constant of 2Jcalc/kB = 0.06 K, with ferromagnetic (FM) interaction as the proof, which is consistent with the spin-polarized prediction. Further analysis of magnetic susceptibility χm and VT-EPR data shows that there is indeed an extremely weak FM interaction in the 44' position diradical. We find the bridge, which is a 44' substituted SBF structure, blocks the conjugation and contains a larger twist in steric hindrance, which also hampers sufficient spin density delocalization, resulting in a much weaker spin coupling interaction. Combined with the analysis of molecular orbital calculation results, the anomalous intramolecular AF coupling mechanism of 22'SBF-NN is further explained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Yue
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Advanced Building Materials, School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Anhui Jianzhu University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Jin Liu
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Advanced Building Materials, School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Anhui Jianzhu University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Martin Baumgarten
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Di Wang
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Advanced Building Materials, School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Anhui Jianzhu University, Hefei 230601, China
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3
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Lin HY, Wang YT, Shi X, Yang HB, Xu L. Switchable metallacycles and metallacages. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:1129-1154. [PMID: 36722920 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00779g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional metallacycles and three-dimensional metallacages constructed by coordination-driven self-assembly have attracted much attention because they exhibit unique structures and properties and are highly efficient to synthesize. Introduction of switching into supramolecular chemistry systems is a popular strategy, as switching can endow systems with reversible features that are triggered by different stimuli. Through this strategy, novel switchable metallacycles and metallacages were generated, which can be reversibly switched into different stable states with distinct characteristics by external stimuli. Switchable metallacycles and metallacages exhibit versatile structures and reversible properties and are inherently dynamic and respond to artificial signals; thus, these structures have many promising applications in a wide range of fields, such as drug delivery, data processing, pollutant removal, switchable catalysis, smart functional materials, etc. This review focuses on the design of switchable metallacycles and metallacages, their switching behaviours and mechanisms triggered by external stimuli, and the corresponding structural changes and resultant properties and functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Yu Lin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Molecule Intelligent Syntheses, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 N. Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, P. R. China.
| | - Yu-Te Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Molecule Intelligent Syntheses, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 N. Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, P. R. China.
| | - Xueliang Shi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Molecule Intelligent Syntheses, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 N. Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, P. R. China.
| | - Hai-Bo Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Molecule Intelligent Syntheses, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 N. Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, P. R. China. .,Wuhu Hospital Affiliated to East China Normal University (The Second People's Hospital of Wuhu), Wuhu 241001, P. R. China
| | - Lin Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Molecule Intelligent Syntheses, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 N. Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, P. R. China. .,Wuhu Hospital Affiliated to East China Normal University (The Second People's Hospital of Wuhu), Wuhu 241001, P. R. China
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4
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Goloviznina K, Salanne M. Electrochemical Properties and Local Structure of the TEMPO/TEMPO + Redox Pair in Ionic Liquids. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:742-756. [PMID: 36651119 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c07238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Redox-active organic species play an important role in catalysis, energy storage, and biotechnology. One of the representatives is the 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO) radical, used as a mediator in organic synthesis and considered a safe alternative to heavy metals. In order to develop a TEMPO-based system with well-controlled electrochemical and catalytic properties, a reaction medium should be carefully chosen. Being highly conductive, stable, and low flammability fluids, ionic liquids (ILs) seem to be promising solvents with easily adjustable physical and solvation properties. In this work, we give an insight into the local structure of ILs around TEMPO and its oxidized form, TEMPO+, underlining striking differences in the solvation of these two species. The analysis is coupled with a study of thermodynamics and kinetics of oxidation in the frame of Marcus theory. Our systematic investigation includes imidazolium, pyrrolydinium, and phosphonium families combined with anions of different size, polarity, and flexibility, opting to provide a clear and comprehensive picture of the impact of the nature of IL ions on the behavior of radical/cation redox pairs. The obtained results will help to explain experimentally observed effects and to rationalize the design of TEMPO/IL systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kateryna Goloviznina
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Physicochimie des Électrolytes et Nanosystèmes Interfaciaux, F-75005Paris, France.,Réseau sur le Stockage Electrochimique de l'Energie (RS2E), FR CNRS 3459, 80039Amiens Cedex, France
| | - Mathieu Salanne
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Physicochimie des Électrolytes et Nanosystèmes Interfaciaux, F-75005Paris, France.,Réseau sur le Stockage Electrochimique de l'Energie (RS2E), FR CNRS 3459, 80039Amiens Cedex, France.,Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), 75231Paris, France
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5
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Gong Z, Yan Q. Photoregulated supramolecular hydrogels driven by polyradical interactions. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.108028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
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6
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Gao K, Feng Q, Zhang Z, Zhang R, Hou Y, Mu C, Li X, Zhang M. Emissive Metallacage‐Cored Polyurethanes with Self‐Healing and Shape Memory Properties. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202209958. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202209958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials Shaanxi International Research Center for Soft Matter School of Materials Science and Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 P. R. China
| | - Qian Feng
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials Shaanxi International Research Center for Soft Matter School of Materials Science and Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 P. R. China
| | - Zeyuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials Shaanxi International Research Center for Soft Matter School of Materials Science and Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 P. R. China
| | - Ruoqian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials Shaanxi International Research Center for Soft Matter School of Materials Science and Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 P. R. China
| | - Yali Hou
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials Shaanxi International Research Center for Soft Matter School of Materials Science and Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 P. R. China
| | - Chaoqun Mu
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials Shaanxi International Research Center for Soft Matter School of Materials Science and Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 P. R. China
| | - Xiaopeng Li
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518055 P. R. China
| | - Mingming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials Shaanxi International Research Center for Soft Matter School of Materials Science and Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 P. R. China
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8
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Zhang S, Ma L, Ma W, Chen L, Gao K, Yu S, Zhang M, Zhang L, He G. Selenoviologen‐Appendant Metallacycles with Highly Stable Radical Cations and Long‐Lived Charge Separation States for Electrochromism and Photocatalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202209054. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202209054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sikun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Science and Engineering of Ministry of Education Frontier Institute of Science and Technology Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi 710054 China
| | - Lingzhi Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Shaanxi International Research Center for Soft Matter, School of Materials Science and Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi 710049 China
| | - Wenqiang Ma
- Key Laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Science and Engineering of Ministry of Education Frontier Institute of Science and Technology Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi 710054 China
| | - Long Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Shaanxi International Research Center for Soft Matter, School of Materials Science and Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi 710049 China
| | - Kai Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Shaanxi International Research Center for Soft Matter, School of Materials Science and Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi 710049 China
| | - Shi Yu
- School of Materials Science & Engineering Chang'an University Xi'an Shaanxi 710064 China
| | - Mingming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Shaanxi International Research Center for Soft Matter, School of Materials Science and Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi 710049 China
| | - Lei Zhang
- School of Optoelectronic Engineering Xidian University Xi'an Shaanxi 710126 China
| | - Gang He
- Key Laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Science and Engineering of Ministry of Education Frontier Institute of Science and Technology Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi 710054 China
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9
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Gao K, Feng Q, Zhang Z, Zhang R, Hou Y, Mu C, Li X, Zhang M. Emissive Metallacage‐Cored Polyurethanes with Self‐Healing and Shape Memory Properties. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202209958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Gao
- Xian Jiaotong University: Xi'an Jiaotong University State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Shaanxi International Research Center for Soft Matter, School of Materials Science and Engineering CHINA
| | - Qian Feng
- Xian Jiaotong University: Xi'an Jiaotong University State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Shaanxi International Research Center for Soft Matter, School of Materials Science and Engineering CHINA
| | - Zeyuan Zhang
- Xian Jiaotong University: Xi'an Jiaotong University State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Shaanxi International Research Center for Soft Matter, School of Materials Science and Engineering CHINA
| | - Ruoqian Zhang
- Xian Jiaotong University: Xi'an Jiaotong University State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Shaanxi International Research Center for Soft Matter, School of Materials Science and Engineering CHINA
| | - Yali Hou
- Xian Jiaotong University: Xi'an Jiaotong University State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Shaanxi International Research Center for Soft Matter, School of Materials Science and Engineering CHINA
| | - Chaoqun Mu
- Xian Jiaotong University: Xi'an Jiaotong University State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Shaanxi International Research Center for Soft Matter, School of Materials Science and Engineering CHINA
| | - Xiaopeng Li
- Shenzhen University College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering CHINA
| | - Mingming Zhang
- Xi'an Jiaotong Univeristy School of Material and Science No. 28 Xianning West Road 710049 Xi'an CHINA
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10
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Zhang S, Ma L, Ma W, Chen L, Gao K, Yu S, Zhang M, Zhang L, He G. Selenoviologen‐Appendant Metallacycles with Highly Stable Radical Cations and Long‐Lived Charge Separation States for Electrochromism and Photocatalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202209054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sikun Zhang
- Xi'an Jiaotong University Frontier Institute of Science and Technology Xi'an CHINA
| | - Lingzhi Ma
- Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Materials Science and Engineering CHINA
| | - Wenqiang Ma
- Xi'an Jiaotong University Frontier Institute of Science and Technology CHINA
| | - Long Chen
- Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Materials Science and Engineering CHINA
| | - Kai Gao
- Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Materials Science and Engineering CHINA
| | - Shi Yu
- Chang'an University School of Materials Science & Engineering CHINA
| | - Mingming Zhang
- Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Materials Science and Engineering CHINA
| | - Lei Zhang
- Xidian University School of Optoelectronic Engineering CHINA
| | - Gang He
- Xi'an Jiaotong University Frontier Institute of Science and Technology No 99, Yanxiang Road 710054 Xi'an CHINA
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11
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Peng Z, Xu XQ, Wang XQ, Shi X, Wang W, Yang HB. Rotaxane-branched radical dendrimers with TEMPO termini. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:2006-2009. [PMID: 35050273 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc06158e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The precise synthesis of novel rotaxane-branched radical dendrimers Gn-TEMPO (n = 1-3) with up to 24 TEMPO radicals as termini was successfully achieved, from which nanoparticles with a good longitudinal relaxivity were further prepared, thus making them potential candidates as promising contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Peng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 N. Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China.
| | - Xiao-Qin Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 N. Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China.
| | - Xu-Qing Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 N. Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China.
| | - Xueliang Shi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 N. Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China.
| | - Wei Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 N. Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China.
| | - Hai-Bo Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 N. Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China.
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12
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Cheng H, Fan X, Ye E, Chen H, Yang J, Ke L, You M, Liu M, Zhang Y, Wu Y, Liu G, Loh XJ, Li Z. Dual Tumor Microenvironment Remodeling by Glucose-Contained Radical Copolymer for MRI-Guided Photoimmunotherapy. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 34:e2107674. [PMID: 34755922 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202107674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Aberrant glucose metabolism and immune evasion are recognized as two hallmarks of cancer, which contribute to poor treatment efficiency and tumor progression. Herein, a novel material system consisting of a glucose and TEMPO (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-yl)oxyl) at the distal ends of PEO-b-PLLA block copolymer (glucose-PEO-b-PLLA-TEMPO), is designed to encapsulate clinical therapeutics CUDC101 and photosensitizer IR780. The specific core-shell rod structure formed by the designed copolymer renders TEMPO radicals excellent stability against reduction-induced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) silence. Tumor-targeting moiety endowed by glucose provides the radical copolymer outstanding multimodal imaging capabilities, including MRI, photoacoustic imaging, and fluorescence imaging. Efficient delivery of CUDC101 and IR780 is achieved to synergize the antitumor immune activation through IR780-mediated photodynamic therapy (PDT) and CUDC101-triggered CD47 inhibition, showing M1 phenotype polarization of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). More intriguingly, this study demonstrates PDT-stimulated p53 can also re-educate TAMs, providing a combined strategy of using dual tumor microenvironment remodeling to achieve the synergistic effect in the transition from cold immunosuppressive to hot immunoresponsive tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine School of Public Health Xiamen University Xiamen 361102 China
| | - Xiaoshan Fan
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials Donghua University Shanghai 201620 China
| | - Enyi Ye
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research) 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08‐03 Singapore 138634 Singapore
| | - Hu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine School of Public Health Xiamen University Xiamen 361102 China
| | - Jing Yang
- Institute of High Performance Computing (IHPC) A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research) Singapore 138632 Singapore
| | - Lingjie Ke
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research and State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Xiamen University Xiamen 361102 China
| | - Mingliang You
- Hangzhou Cancer Institute Key Laboratory of Clinical Cancer Pharmacology and Toxicology Research of Zhejiang Province Affiliated Hangzhou Cancer Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou 310002 China
| | - Minting Liu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research and State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Xiamen University Xiamen 361102 China
| | - Yong‐Wei Zhang
- Institute of High Performance Computing (IHPC) A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research) Singapore 138632 Singapore
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore 117574 Singapore
| | - Yun‐Long Wu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research and State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Xiamen University Xiamen 361102 China
| | - Gang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine School of Public Health Xiamen University Xiamen 361102 China
| | - Xian Jun Loh
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research) 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08‐03 Singapore 138634 Singapore
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore 117574 Singapore
| | - Zibiao Li
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research) 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08‐03 Singapore 138634 Singapore
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore 117574 Singapore
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Huang B, Mao L, Shi X, Yang HB. Recent advances and perspectives on supramolecular radical cages. Chem Sci 2021; 12:13648-13663. [PMID: 34760150 PMCID: PMC8549795 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc01618k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Supramolecular radical chemistry has been emerging as a cutting-edge interdisciplinary field of traditional supramolecular chemistry and radical chemistry in recent years. The purpose of such a fundamental research field is to combine traditional supramolecular chemistry and radical chemistry together, and take the benefit of both to eventually create new molecules and materials. Recently, supramolecular radical cages have been becoming one of the most frontier and challenging research focuses in the field of supramolecular chemistry. In this Perspective, we give a brief introduction to organic radical chemistry, supramolecular chemistry, and the emerging supramolecular radical chemistry along with their history and application. Subsequently, we turn to the main part of this topic: supramolecular radical cages. The design and synthesis of supramolecular cages consisting of redox-active building blocks and radical centres are summarized. The host-guest interactions between supramolecular (radical) cages and organic radicals are also surveyed. Some interesting properties and applications of supramolecular radical cages such as their unique spin-spin interactions and intriguing confinement effects in radical-mediated/catalyzed reactions are comprehensively discussed and highlighted in the main text. The purpose of this Perspective is to help students and researchers understand the development of supramolecular radical cages, and potentially to stimulate innovation and creativity and infuse new energy into the fields of traditional supramolecular chemistry and radical chemistry as well as supramolecular radical chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University 3663 N. Zhongshan Road Shanghai 200062 P. R. China
| | - Lijun Mao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University 3663 N. Zhongshan Road Shanghai 200062 P. R. China
| | - Xueliang Shi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University 3663 N. Zhongshan Road Shanghai 200062 P. R. China
| | - Hai-Bo Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University 3663 N. Zhongshan Road Shanghai 200062 P. R. China
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Huang CR, Li Y, Xie Y, Du Y, Peng H, Zeng YL, Liu JC, Xiong RG. The First High-Temperature Supramolecular Radical Ferroics. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:16668-16673. [PMID: 33982370 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202105744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Organic radical ferroics such as TEMPO have attracted widespread interest. However, the relatively low Curie temperature of 287 K and melting point of 311 K severely hinder its application potential. Despite extensive interest, high-temperature radical ferroics have not yet been found. Here, taking advantage of chemical design and supramolecular radical chemistry, we designed two high-temperature organic supramolecular radical ferroics [(NH3 -TEMPO)([18]crown-6)](ReO4 ) (1) and [(NH3 -TEMPO)([18]crown-6)](ClO4 ) (2), which can retain ferroelectricity up to 413 K and 450 K, respectively. To our knowledge, they are both the first supramolecular radical ferroics and unprecedented high-temperature radical ferroics, where the supramolecular component is vital for the stabilization of the radical and extending the working temperature window. Both also have paramagnetism, non-interacting spin moments, and excellent piezoelectric and electrostrictive behaviors comparable to that of LiNbO3 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Ran Huang
- Key Laboratory of Organo-phamaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, P. R. China
| | - Yibao Li
- Key Laboratory of Organo-phamaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, P. R. China
| | - Yongfa Xie
- Ordered Matter Science Research Center, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, P. R. China
| | - Ye Du
- Ordered Matter Science Research Center, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, P. R. China
| | - Hang Peng
- Ordered Matter Science Research Center, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Ling Zeng
- Ordered Matter Science Research Center, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, P. R. China
| | - Jun-Chao Liu
- Ordered Matter Science Research Center, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, P. R. China
| | - Ren-Gen Xiong
- Ordered Matter Science Research Center, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, P. R. China
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15
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Huang C, Li Y, Xie Y, Du Y, Peng H, Zeng Y, Liu J, Xiong R. The First High‐Temperature Supramolecular Radical Ferroics. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202105744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chao‐Ran Huang
- Key Laboratory of Organo-phamaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Gannan Normal University Ganzhou 341000 P. R. China
| | - Yibao Li
- Key Laboratory of Organo-phamaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Gannan Normal University Ganzhou 341000 P. R. China
| | - Yongfa Xie
- Ordered Matter Science Research Center Nanchang University Nanchang 330031 P. R. China
| | - Ye Du
- Ordered Matter Science Research Center Nanchang University Nanchang 330031 P. R. China
| | - Hang Peng
- Ordered Matter Science Research Center Nanchang University Nanchang 330031 P. R. China
| | - Yu‐Ling Zeng
- Ordered Matter Science Research Center Nanchang University Nanchang 330031 P. R. China
| | - Jun‐Chao Liu
- Ordered Matter Science Research Center Nanchang University Nanchang 330031 P. R. China
| | - Ren‐Gen Xiong
- Ordered Matter Science Research Center Nanchang University Nanchang 330031 P. R. China
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16
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Liu Z, Zhang Z, Li T, Zhao W. Three-Dimensional Diradical Metallacage with an Open-Shell Ground State. Organometallics 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.1c00285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyue Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Zhonghui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Tao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Wanxiang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
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17
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Jiao T, Qu H, Tong L, Cao X, Li H. A Self‐Assembled Homochiral Radical Cage with Paramagnetic Behaviors. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202100655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu Jiao
- Department of Chemistry Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 P. R. China
| | - Hang Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces iChEM and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Lu Tong
- Department of Chemistry Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces iChEM and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Chemistry Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 P. R. China
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18
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Jiao T, Qu H, Tong L, Cao X, Li H. A Self-Assembled Homochiral Radical Cage with Paramagnetic Behaviors. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:9852-9858. [PMID: 33651476 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202100655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Condensation of an inherently C3 -symmetric polychlorotriphenylmethyl (PTM) radical trisaldehyde with tris(2-aminoethyl)amine (TREN) yields a [4+4] tetrahedral radical cage as a racemic pair of homochiral enantiomers in 75 % isolated yield. The structure was characterized by X-ray crystallography, confirming the homochirality of each cage framework. The homochirality results from intramolecular [CH⋅⋅⋅π] and hydrogen-bonding interactions within the cage framework. The four PTM radicals in a cage undergo weak through-space coupling. Magnetic measurements demonstrated that each cage bears 3.58 spins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu Jiao
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Hang Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Lu Tong
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
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19
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Chen W, Dodonov VA, Sokolov VG, Liu L, Baranov EV, Zhao Y, Fedushkin IL, Yang XJ. Activation of Nitrogen-Rich Substrates by Low-Valent, Redox-Active Aluminum Species. Organometallics 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Weixing Chen
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
| | - Vladimir A. Dodonov
- G. A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences (IOMC RAS), Tropinina 49, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russian Federation
| | - Vladimir G. Sokolov
- G. A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences (IOMC RAS), Tropinina 49, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russian Federation
| | - Li Liu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
| | - Evgeny V. Baranov
- G. A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences (IOMC RAS), Tropinina 49, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russian Federation
| | - Yanxia Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
| | - Igor L. Fedushkin
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
- G. A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of Russian Academy of Sciences (IOMC RAS), Tropinina 49, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russian Federation
| | - Xiao-Juan Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
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20
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Moutier F, Schiller J, Calvez G, Lescop C. Self-assembled luminescent Cu( i) tetranuclear metallacycles based on 3,3′-bipyridine ligands. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo00538c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Three luminescent tetranuclear macrocycles are obtained selectively, applying coordination-driven supramolecular processes to the reaction of 3,3′-bipyridine ligand with in situ formed Cu(i) bimetallic units bearing a coordination angle of ca. 120°.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florent Moutier
- Univ Rennes
- INSA Rennes
- CNRS
- ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) – UMR 6226
- F-35000 Rennes
| | - Jana Schiller
- Univ Rennes
- INSA Rennes
- CNRS
- ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) – UMR 6226
- F-35000 Rennes
| | - Guillaume Calvez
- Univ Rennes
- INSA Rennes
- CNRS
- ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) – UMR 6226
- F-35000 Rennes
| | - Christophe Lescop
- Univ Rennes
- INSA Rennes
- CNRS
- ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) – UMR 6226
- F-35000 Rennes
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21
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Hu YX, Jia PP, Zhang CW, Xu XD, Niu Y, Zhao X, Xu Q, Xu L, Yang HB. A supramolecular dual-donor artificial light-harvesting system with efficient visible light-harvesting capacity. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo00771h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A supramolecular dual-donor artificial light-harvesting system with efficient visible light-harvesting capacity was constructed through the hierarchical self-assembly approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Xiong Hu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China
| | - Pei-Pei Jia
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China
| | - Chang-Wei Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China
| | - Xing-Dong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Special Functional Aggregated Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Colloidal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, P. R. China
| | - Yanfei Niu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoli Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China
| | - Qian Xu
- Key Laboratory of Special Functional Aggregated Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Colloidal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, P. R. China
| | - Lin Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China
| | - Hai-Bo Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China
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