1
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Valloli LK, Manal K, Lewis B, Jockusch S, Sivaguru J. Chemoselective light-induced reactivity of β-enaminones. Photochem Photobiol 2024; 100:1068-1077. [PMID: 38009436 DOI: 10.1111/php.13889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
The irradiation of β-enaminones, generated in situ from cyclic 1,3-diketones and activated alkenes leads to polyheterocyclic skeletons. The photoproduct chemoselectivity depends on the type of cyclic 1,3-diketones employed viz., 2-acetylcyclopentanone and 2-acetylcyclohexanone. The observed chemoselectivity was rationalized based on the Dieckmann-Kon rule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakshmy Kannadi Valloli
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Photochemical Sciences, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio, USA
| | - Kavyasree Manal
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Photochemical Sciences, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio, USA
| | - Brieanna Lewis
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Photochemical Sciences, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio, USA
| | - Steffen Jockusch
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Photochemical Sciences, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio, USA
| | - Jayaraman Sivaguru
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Photochemical Sciences, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio, USA
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2
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Sun X, Liu Y, Yin Y, Ban X, Zhao X, Jiang Z. Asymmetric photoredox catalytic formal de Mayo reaction enabled by sensitization-initiated electron transfer. Nat Chem 2024; 16:1169-1176. [PMID: 38565977 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-024-01502-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Visible-light-driven photoredox catalysis is known to be a powerful tool for organic synthesis. Its occurrence critically depends on the twice exothermic single-electron transfer processes of photosensitizers, which are governed by the redox properties of the species involved. Hence, the inherently narrow range of redox potentials of photosensitizers inevitably constrains their further availability. Sensitization-initiated electron transfer has recently been found to effectively overcome this substantial challenge. However, feasible and practical strategies for designing such complicated catalytic systems are rather scarce. Herein we report an elaborate dual-catalyst platform, with dicyanopyrazine as a visible light photosensitizer and a pyrenyl-incorporated chiral phosphoric acid as a co-sensitizer, and we demonstrate the applicability of this sensitization-initiated electron transfer strategy in an asymmetric formal de Mayo-type reaction. The catalysis platform enables otherwise thermodynamically unfavourable electron transfer processes to close the redox cycle and allows for precise access to valuable enantioenriched 1,5-diketones with a wide substrate range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno-Engineering of Henan Province, Henan University, Kaifeng, P. R. China
| | - Yilin Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Pingyuan Laboratory, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, P. R. China
| | - Yanli Yin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Pingyuan Laboratory, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, P. R. China
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
| | - Xu Ban
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno-Engineering of Henan Province, Henan University, Kaifeng, P. R. China
| | - Xiaowei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno-Engineering of Henan Province, Henan University, Kaifeng, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyong Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno-Engineering of Henan Province, Henan University, Kaifeng, P. R. China.
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Pingyuan Laboratory, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, P. R. China.
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3
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Ahuja S, Baburaj S, Valloli LK, Rakhimov SA, Manal K, Kushwaha A, Jockusch S, Forbes MDE, Sivaguru J. Photochemical [2+4]-Dimerization Reaction from the Excited State. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202316662. [PMID: 38059768 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202316662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Aryl-maleimides undergo a novel [2+4]-photodimerization instead of the expected [2+2]-photodimerization under both direct irradiation with visible light and under sensitized energy transfer conditions. This new excited state reactivity in aryl-maleimides is deciphered through photochemical, photophysical, and spectroscopic studies. The stereochemistry of the photodimer depends on the type of non-bonding interactions prevalent during photodimerization which is in turn dictated by the substituents on the maleimide ring. More importantly, the stereochemistry of the photodimer formed is complementary to the product observed under thermal conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sapna Ahuja
- Center for Photochemical Sciences and Department of Chemistry, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH 43403, USA
- Current address, Research way, Clayton, Manufacturing, CSIRO, 3168, VIC, Australia
| | - Sruthy Baburaj
- Center for Photochemical Sciences and Department of Chemistry, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH 43403, USA
| | - Lakshmy Kannadi Valloli
- Center for Photochemical Sciences and Department of Chemistry, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH 43403, USA
| | - Sarvar Aminovich Rakhimov
- Center for Photochemical Sciences and Department of Chemistry, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH 43403, USA
| | - Kavyasree Manal
- Center for Photochemical Sciences and Department of Chemistry, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH 43403, USA
| | - Aakrati Kushwaha
- Center for Photochemical Sciences and Department of Chemistry, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH 43403, USA
| | - Steffen Jockusch
- Center for Photochemical Sciences and Department of Chemistry, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH 43403, USA
| | - Malcolm D E Forbes
- Center for Photochemical Sciences and Department of Chemistry, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH 43403, USA
| | - Jayaraman Sivaguru
- Center for Photochemical Sciences and Department of Chemistry, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH 43403, USA
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4
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Li JL, Yang Z, Shen S, Yang XL, Niu X. TEMPO-Mediated Interrupted 6π-Photocyclization of ortho-Biaryl-Appended 1,3-Dicarbonyl Compounds toward 10-Phenanthrenols. J Org Chem 2024; 89:44-56. [PMID: 38088910 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
In this paper, we present an example of a photoinduced catalyst, halogen-, and base-free TEMPO-mediated interrupted 6π-photocyclization/dehydrogenative aromatization of ortho-biaryl-appended 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds for the preparation of 10-phenanthrenols. The reaction involves rapid photocycloaddition via a 1,2-biradical of 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds, followed by subsequent dehydrogenative aromatization of 1,4-biradical intermediates using TEMPO as the commercially available oxidant rather than trapped by TEMPO to form an alkoxyamine product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Li Li
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province and College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, P. R. China
| | - Zhao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province and College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, P. R. China
| | - Shigang Shen
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province and College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, P. R. China
| | - Xiu-Long Yang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province and College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoying Niu
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province and College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, P. R. China
- Postdoctoral Research Station of Chemistry Affiliated College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, P. R. China
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5
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Li JL, Yang XL, Shen S, Niu X. Synthesis of 10-Phenanthrenols via Photosensitized Triplet Energy Transfer, Photoinduced Electron Transfer, and Cobalt Catalysis. J Org Chem 2022; 87:16458-16472. [PMID: 36441578 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Due to the inert redox activity and high triplet energy, radical chemistry of 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds usually requires prefunctionalization substrates, external oxidant, and high-energy UV light. Here, we report a visible-light-driven photocatalyst/cobaloxime system composed of a photosensitized energy transfer reaction (PEnT) and photoinduced electron transfer reaction (PET) and with an interrupted 6π-photocyclization/dehydrogenative aromatization in one pot to synthesize 10-phenanthrenols. Preliminary mechanistic studies revealed that fac-Ir(ppy)3 plays the dual roles of energy transfer catalysis for photocycloaddition via 1,2-biradical intermediates of 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds and photoredox/cobaloxime catalysis dehydrogenative aromatization of 1,4-biradical rather than the intermediates via 6π photocyclization in the tandem reaction. In contrast to previous well-established radical chemistry of 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds, we provide a new strategy for the activation of 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds under visible light catalysis, affording a novel cyclization strategy with extremely high atom economy for the synthesis of 10-phenanthrenols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Li Li
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education and College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, P. R. China
| | - Xiu-Long Yang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education and College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, P. R. China
| | - Shigang Shen
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education and College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoying Niu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education and College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, P. R. China.,Postdoctoral Research Station of Chemistry Affiliated College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, P. R. China
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6
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Murakami Y, Hisano K, Nishino H. Rearrangement of Methylenebis(cyclohexane-1,3-dione) Enols Induced by Mn(III)-Catalyzed Aerobic Oxidation. J Org Chem 2022; 87:8782-8787. [PMID: 35726860 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The Mn(III)-catalyzed aerobic oxidation of methylenebis(cyclohexane-1,3-dione) enols 1 resulted in 6a-hydroxy-2,3,4,6a,7,8,9,10a-octahydro-1H-benzo[c]chromene-1,6,10-triones 3 during the formation of 4,5,8,10,11,12-hexahydro-2H-benzo[b]oxecine-2,6,7,9(3H)-tetraones 2. The mechanism for the formation of 3 was proposed on the basis of the isolation of intermediates 2, which were transformed into 3 under Claisen and retro-Claisen conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yûki Murakami
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kumamoto University, Kurokami 2-39-1, Chûou-Ku, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan
| | - Kazuki Hisano
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kumamoto University, Kurokami 2-39-1, Chûou-Ku, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nishino
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kumamoto University, Kurokami 2-39-1, Chûou-Ku, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan
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7
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Kandappa SK, Ahuja S, Singathi R, Valloli LK, Baburaj S, Parthiban J, Sivaguru J. Using Restricted Bond Rotations to Enforce Excited State Behavior of Organic Molecules. Synlett 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1785-6910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
This account highlights the role of restricted bond rotations to influence excited state reactivity of organic molecules. It highlights photochemical reactivity of various organic molecules and the design strategies that could be exploited by chemists to utilize restricted bond rotations to uncover new excited state reactivity and achieve selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Kumar Kandappa
- Chemistry and Center for Photochemical Sciences, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, United States
| | - Sapna Ahuja
- Chemistry and Center for Photochemical Sciences, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, United States
| | - Ravichandranath Singathi
- Chemistry and Center for Photochemical Sciences, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, United States
| | - Lakshmy Kannadi Valloli
- Chemistry and Center for Photochemical Sciences, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, United States
| | - Sruthy Baburaj
- Chemistry and Center for Photochemical Sciences, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, United States
| | - Jayachandran Parthiban
- Chemistry and Center for Photochemical Sciences, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, United States
| | - Jayaraman Sivaguru
- Chemistry and Center for Photochemical Sciences, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, United States
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8
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Paulisch TO, Mai LA, Strieth‐Kalthoff F, James MJ, Henkel C, Guldi DM, Glorius F. Dynamische kinetische Sensibilisierung von β‐Dicarbonyl‐verbindungen – Zugang zu mittelgroßen Ringen durch eine De‐Mayo‐artige Ringerweiterung. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202112695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany O. Paulisch
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Deutschland
| | - Lukas A. Mai
- Department Chemie und Pharmazie Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Egerlandstraße 3 91058 Erlangen Deutschland
| | - Felix Strieth‐Kalthoff
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Deutschland
| | - Michael J. James
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Deutschland
| | - Christian Henkel
- Department Chemie und Pharmazie Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Egerlandstraße 3 91058 Erlangen Deutschland
| | - Dirk M. Guldi
- Department Chemie und Pharmazie Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Egerlandstraße 3 91058 Erlangen Deutschland
| | - Frank Glorius
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Deutschland
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9
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Paulisch TO, Mai LA, Strieth-Kalthoff F, James MJ, Henkel C, Guldi DM, Glorius F. Dynamic Kinetic Sensitization of β-Dicarbonyl Compounds-Access to Medium-Sized Rings by De Mayo-Type Ring Expansion. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 61:e202112695. [PMID: 34818464 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202112695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we present a photocatalyzed two-carbon ring expansion of β-dicarbonyl compounds with unactivated olefins that provides facile access to medium-sized rings. Selective sensitization of the substoichiometric enol tautomer enables reactivity of substrates incompatible with the classical De Mayo reaction conditions. Key to success is the identification of the metal-based sensitizer fac-[Ir(CF3 -pmb)3 ], which can be excited using common near-visible LEDs, and possesses a high triplet excited state energy of 73.3 kcal mol-1 . This exactly falls in the range between the triplet energies of the enol and keto tautomer, thereby enabling a dynamic kinetic sensitization. Demonstrating the applicability of fac-[Ir(CF3 -pmb)3 ] as a photocatalyst in organic synthesis for the first time, we describe a two-step photocycloaddition-ring-opening cascade with β-ketoesters, -diketones, and -ketoamides. The mechanism has been corroborated by time-resolved spectroscopy, as well as further experimental and computational studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany O Paulisch
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Lukas A Mai
- Department Chemie und Pharmazie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Felix Strieth-Kalthoff
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Michael J James
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Christian Henkel
- Department Chemie und Pharmazie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Dirk M Guldi
- Department Chemie und Pharmazie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Frank Glorius
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149, Münster, Germany
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10
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Kandappa SK, Kumarasamy E, Singathi R, Valloli LK, Ugrinov A, Sivaguru J. Chemoselective Photoreaction of Enamides - Divergent Reactivity Towards [3+2]-photocycloaddition vs Paternò-Büchi Reaction. Photochem Photobiol 2021; 97:1391-1396. [PMID: 34287915 DOI: 10.1111/php.13489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Photoreaction of enamides tethered to a phenyl ketone leads to either [3+2]-photocycloaddition or Paternò-Büchi reaction. This divergence in chemical reactivity originating from the same excited state was dependent on the reaction temperature. At low temperatures, Paternò-Büchi reaction was preferred, while at higher temperatures there was preference towards formation of [3+2]-photoproduct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Kumar Kandappa
- Center for Photochemical Sciences and Department of Chemistry, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH, 43403, USA
| | - Elango Kumarasamy
- Center for Photochemical Sciences and Department of Chemistry, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH, 43403, USA.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58103, USA
| | - Ravichandranath Singathi
- Center for Photochemical Sciences and Department of Chemistry, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH, 43403, USA
| | - Lakshmy Kannadi Valloli
- Center for Photochemical Sciences and Department of Chemistry, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH, 43403, USA
| | - Angel Ugrinov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58103, USA
| | - Jayaraman Sivaguru
- Center for Photochemical Sciences and Department of Chemistry, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH, 43403, USA
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