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Kim J, Teo HT, Hong Y, Cha H, Kim W, Chi C, Kim D. Elucidating Singlet-Fission-Born Multiexciton Dynamics via Molecular Engineering: A Dilution Principle Extended to Quintet Triplet Pair. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:10833-10846. [PMID: 38578848 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c01326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Multiexciton in singlet exciton fission represents a critical quantum state with significant implications for both solar cell applications and quantum information science. Two distinct fields of interest explore contrasting phenomena associated with the geminate triplet pair: one focusing on the persistence of long-lived correlation and the other emphasizing efficient decorrelation. Despite the pivotal nature of multiexciton processes, a comprehensive understanding of their dependence on the structural and spin properties of materials is currently lacking in experimental realizations. To address this gap in knowledge, molecular engineering was employed to modify the TIPS-tetracene structures, enabling an investigation of the structure-property relationships in spin-related multiexciton processes. In lieu of the time-resolved electron paramagnetic resonance technique, two time-resolved magneto-optical spectroscopies were implemented for quantitative analysis of spin-dependent multiexciton dynamics. The utilization of absorption and fluorescence signals as complementary optical readouts, in the presence of a magnetic field, provided crucial insights into geminate triplet pair dynamics. These insights encompassed the duration of multiexciton correlation and the involvement of the spin state in multiexciton decorrelation. Furthermore, simulations based on our kinetic models suggested a role for quintet dilution in multiexciton dynamics, surpassing the singlet dilution principle established by the Merrifield model. The integration of intricate model structures and time-resolved magneto-optical spectroscopies served to explicitly elucidate the interplay between structural and spin properties in multiexciton processes. This comprehensive approach not only contributes to the fundamental understanding of these processes but also aligns with and reinforces previous experimental studies of solid states and theoretical assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juno Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Hao Ting Teo
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Yongseok Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Hyojung Cha
- Department of Hydrogen and Renewable Energy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Woojae Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Chunyan Chi
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Dongho Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
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2
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Kang S, Choi W, Ahn J, Kim T, Oh JH, Kim D. Impact of Packing Geometry on Excimer Characteristics and Mobility in Perylene Bisimide Polycrystalline Films. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:18134-18143. [PMID: 38554079 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c19140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
Efficient exciton transport is essential for high-performance optoelectronics. Considerable efforts have been focused on improving the exciton mobility in organic materials. While it is feasible to improve mobility in organic systems by forming well-ordered stacks, the formation of trap states, particularly the lower-lying states referred to as excimers, remains a significant challenge to enhancing mobility. The mobility of excimer excitons intricately depends on the strength of excitonic coupling in terms of Förster-type diffusive exciton transfer processes. Given that the formation and mobility of excimer excitons are highly sensitive to molecular arrangements (packing geometries), conducting comprehensive investigations into the structure-property relationship in organic systems is crucial. In this study, we prepared three types of polycrystalline films of perylene bisimide (PBI) by varying substituents at the imide and bay positions, which allowed us to tailor the properties of excimer excitons and their mobility based on packing geometries and excitonic coupling strengths. By utilizing femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy, we observed ultrafast excimer formation in the higher coupling regime, while in the lower coupling regime, the transition from Frenkel to excimer excitons occurs with a time constant of 500 fs. Under high pump-fluence, exciton-exciton annihilation processes occur, indicating the diffusion of excimer excitons. Intriguingly, employing a three-dimensional diffusion model, we derived a diffusion constant that is 3000 times greater in the high coupling regime than in the low coupling regime. To investigate the optoelectronic properties in the form of a bulk system, we fabricated n-type organic field effect transistors and obtained 8000 times higher mobility in the high coupling regime. Furthermore, photocurrent measurements enable us to investigate the charge carrier transport by mobile excimer excitons, suggesting a 230-fold improvement in external quantum efficiency with tightly packing PBI molecules compared to the low coupling regime. These findings not only offer valuable insights into optimizing organic materials for optoelectronic devices but also unveil the intriguing potential of exciton migration within excimers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seongsoo Kang
- Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems and Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonbin Choi
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeyong Ahn
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Taeyeon Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Hak Oh
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongho Kim
- Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems and Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
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3
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Wang Z, Xie X, Ma H. Simultaneous Intra- and Intermolecular Singlet Fission in Bipentacene Macrocycle Aggregates. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:3523-3530. [PMID: 38522085 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c00300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Singlet fission (SF) is a process where a singlet state splits into two triplet states, which is essential for enhancing optoelectronic devices. Macrocyclic structures allow for precise control of chromophore orientation and facilitate singlet fission in solutions. However, the behavior of these structures in thin films, crucial for solid-state device optimization, remains underexplored. This study examines the aggregation and singlet fission processes of bipentacene macrocycles (BPc) in thin films using molecular dynamics simulations and electronic structure calculations. Findings indicate that BPc aggregates more rapidly with less chloroform, aligning parallel to the substrate. Intramolecular singlet fission (iSF) rates are rarely changed during evaporation, but the efficiency of intermolecular singlet fission (xSF) improves due to the increase in packing domains, suggesting that orderly crystal domains are not necessary for device efficiency. This opens avenues for varied device designs and traditional solution-based methods for optimal device development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangxia Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Xiaoyu Xie
- Qingdao Institute for Theoretical and Computational Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Haibo Ma
- Qingdao Institute for Theoretical and Computational Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
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4
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Wega J, Zhang KF, Lacour J, Vauthey E. Controlling Symmetry-Breaking Charge Separation in Pyrene Bichromophores. J Phys Chem Lett 2024:2834-2840. [PMID: 38442038 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c00337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
So far, symmetry-breaking charge separation (SB-CS) has been observed with a limited number of chromophores and is usually inhibited by the formation of an excimer. , We show here that thanks to of fine-tuning of the interchromophore coupling via structural control, SB-CS can be operative with pyrene, despite its high propensity to form an excimer. This is realized with a bichromophoric system consisting of two pyrenes attached to a crown ether macrocycle, which can bind cations of different sizes. By combining stationary and time-resolved spectroscopy together with molecular dynamics simulations, we demonstrate that the excited-state dynamics can be totally changed depending on the binding cation. Whereas strong coupling leads to rapid excimer formation, too weak coupling results in noninteracting chromophores. However, intermediate coupling, achieved upon binding of Mg2+, allows for SB-CS to be operative.
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Pál D, Lacour J. Pfeiffer effect on configurationally labile dyes within ternary complexes with metal ions and enantiopure macrocycles. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:2665-2669. [PMID: 38224291 PMCID: PMC10845008 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt04098d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
A configurationally-labile helical dye, 2,4,5,7-tetranitrofluorenone oximate, is used to probe complexes made of enantiopure macrocycles and mono/divalent metal ions. Induced electronic circular dichroism (ECD) and 1H NMR responses are amplified at room temperature only in the presence of K+ and Na+ ions despite larger binding efficiency with alkaline earth metal ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dávid Pál
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, Quai Ernest Ansermet 30, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Jérôme Lacour
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, Quai Ernest Ansermet 30, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland.
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Wang K, Chen X, Xu J, Peng S, Wu D, Xia J. Recent Advance in the Development of Singlet-Fission-Capable Polymeric Materials. Macromol Rapid Commun 2024; 45:e2300241. [PMID: 37548255 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202300241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Singlet fission (SF) is a spin-allowed process in which a higher-energy singlet exciton is converted into two lower-energy triplet excitons via a triplet pair intermediate state. Implementing SF in photovoltaic devices holds the potential to exceed the Shockley-Queisser limit of conventional single-junction solar cells. Although great progress has been made in exploiting the underlying mechanism of SF over the past decades, the scope of materials capable of SF, particularly polymeric materials, remains poor. SF-capable polymer is one of the most potential candidates in the implementation of SF into devices due to their distinct superiorities in flexibility, solution processability and self-assembly behavior. Notably, recent advancements have demonstrated high-performance SF in isolated donor-acceptor (D-A) copolymer chains. This review provides an overview of recent progress in the development of SF-capable polymeric materials, with a significant focus on elucidating the mechanisms of SF in polymers and optimizing the design strategies for SF-capable polymers. Additionally, the paper discusses the challenges encountered in this field and presents future perspectives. It is expected that this comprehensive review will offer valuable insights into the design of novel SF-capable polymeric materials, further advancing the potential for SF implementation in photovoltaic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Center of Smart Materials and Devices, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xingyu Chen
- International School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jingwen Xu
- International School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Shaoqian Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Center of Smart Materials and Devices, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Di Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Center of Smart Materials and Devices, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jianlong Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Center of Smart Materials and Devices, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
- International School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
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7
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He G, Parenti KR, Budden PJ, Niklas J, Macdonald T, Kumarasamy E, Chen X, Yin X, McCamey DR, Poluektov OG, Campos LM, Sfeir MY. Unraveling Triplet Formation Mechanisms in Acenothiophene Chromophores. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:22058-22068. [PMID: 37787467 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c07082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
The evolution of molecular platforms for singlet fission (SF) chromophores has fueled the quest for new compounds capable of generating triplets quantitatively at fast time scales. As the exploration of molecular motifs for SF has diversified, a key challenge has emerged in identifying when the criteria for SF have been satisfied. Here, we show how covalently bound molecular dimers uniquely provide a set of characteristic optical markers that can be used to distinguish triplet pair formation from processes that generate an individual triplet. These markers are contained within (i) triplet charge-transfer excited state absorption features, (ii) kinetic signatures of triplet-triplet annihilation processes, and (iii) the modulation of triplet formation rates using bridging moieties between chromophores. Our assignments are verified by time-resolved electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) measurements, which directly identify triplet pairs by their electron spin and polarization patterns. We apply these diagnostic criteria to dimers of acenothiophene derivatives in solution that were recently reported to undergo efficient intermolecular SF in condensed media. While the electronic structure of these heteroatom-containing chromophores can be broadly tuned, the effect of their enhanced spin-orbit coupling and low-energy nonbonding orbitals on their SF dynamics has not been fully determined. We find that SF is fast and efficient in tetracenothiophene but that anthradithiophene exhibits fast intersystem crossing due to modifications of the singlet and triplet excited state energies upon functionalization of the heterocycle. We conclude that it is not sufficient to assign SF based on comparisons of the triplet formation kinetics between monomer and multichromophore systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiying He
- Department of Physics, Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, New York 10016, United States
- Photonics Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center, City University of New York, New York, New York 10031, United States
| | - Kaia R Parenti
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Peter J Budden
- Department of Physics, Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, New York 10016, United States
- Photonics Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center, City University of New York, New York, New York 10031, United States
| | - Jens Niklas
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Thomas Macdonald
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, School of Physics, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, 2052 NSW, Australia
| | - Elango Kumarasamy
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Xing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, P. R. China
| | - Xiaodong Yin
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, P. R. China
| | - Dane R McCamey
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, School of Physics, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, 2052 NSW, Australia
| | - Oleg G Poluektov
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Luis M Campos
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Matthew Y Sfeir
- Department of Physics, Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, New York 10016, United States
- Photonics Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center, City University of New York, New York, New York 10031, United States
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8
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He G, Churchill EM, Parenti KR, Zhang J, Narayanan P, Namata F, Malkoch M, Congreve DN, Cacciuto A, Sfeir MY, Campos LM. Promoting multiexciton interactions in singlet fission and triplet fusion upconversion dendrimers. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6080. [PMID: 37770472 PMCID: PMC10539328 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41818-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Singlet fission and triplet-triplet annihilation upconversion are two multiexciton processes intimately related to the dynamic interaction between one high-lying energy singlet and two low-lying energy triplet excitons. Here, we introduce a series of dendritic macromolecules that serve as platform to study the effect of interchromophore interactions on the dynamics of multiexciton generation and decay as a function of dendrimer generation. The dendrimers (generations 1-4) consist of trimethylolpropane core and 2,2-bis(methylol)propionic acid (bis-MPA) dendrons that provide exponential growth of the branches, leading to a corona decorated with pentacenes for SF or anthracenes for TTA-UC. The findings reveal a trend where a few highly ordered sites emerge as the dendrimer generation grows, dominating the multiexciton dynamics, as deduced from optical spectra, and transient absorption spectroscopy. While the dendritic structures enhance TTA-UC at low annihilator concentrations in the largest dendrimers, the paired chromophore interactions induce a broadened and red-shifted excimer emission. In SF dendrimers of higher generations, the triplet dynamics become increasingly dominated by pairwise sites exhibiting strong coupling (Type II), which can be readily distinguished from sites with weaker coupling (Type I) by their spectral dynamics and decay kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiying He
- Department of Physics, Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, 10016, USA
- Photonics Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, 10031, USA
| | - Emily M Churchill
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Kaia R Parenti
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Jocelyn Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Pournima Narayanan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Faridah Namata
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, SE-100 44, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Michael Malkoch
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, SE-100 44, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Daniel N Congreve
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Angelo Cacciuto
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Matthew Y Sfeir
- Department of Physics, Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
- Photonics Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, 10031, USA.
| | - Luis M Campos
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA.
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9
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Majumder K, Mukherjee S, Panjwani NA, Lee J, Bittl R, Kim W, Patil S, Musser AJ. Controlling Intramolecular Singlet Fission Dynamics via Torsional Modulation of Through-Bond versus Through-Space Couplings. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:20883-20896. [PMID: 37705333 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c06075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Covalent dimers, particularly pentacenes, are the dominant platform for developing a mechanistic understanding of intramolecular singlet fission (iSF). Numerous studies have demonstrated that a photoexcited singlet state in these structures can rapidly and efficiently undergo exciton multiplication to form a correlated pair of triplets within a single molecule, with potential applications from photovoltaics to quantum information science. One of the most significant barriers limiting such dimers is the fast recombination of the triplet pair, which prevents spatial separation and the formation of long-lived triplet states. There is an ever-growing need to develop general synthetic strategies to control the evolution of triplets following iSF and enhance their lifetime. Here, we rationally tune the dihedral angle and interchromophore separation between pairs of pentacenes in a systematic series of bridging units to facilitate triplet separation. Through a combination of transient optical and spin-resonance techniques, we demonstrate that torsion within the linker provides a simple synthetic handle to tune the fine balance between through-bond and through-space interchromophore couplings that steer iSF. We show that the full iSF pathway from femtosecond to microsecond timescales is tuned through the static coupling set by molecular design and structural fluctuations that can be biased through steric control. Our approach highlights a straightforward design principle to generate paramagnetic spin pair states with higher yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanad Majumder
- Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Soham Mukherjee
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Naitik A Panjwani
- Berlin Joint EPR Lab, Fachbereich Physik, Freie Universität, Berlin, Berlin 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jieun Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Robert Bittl
- Berlin Joint EPR Lab, Fachbereich Physik, Freie Universität, Berlin, Berlin 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Woojae Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Satish Patil
- Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Andrew J Musser
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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Kim J, Teo HT, Hong Y, Liau YC, Yim D, Han Y, Oh J, Kim H, Chi C, Kim D. Leveraging Charge-Transfer Interactions in Through-Space-Coupled Pentacene Dendritic Oligomer for Singlet Exciton Fission. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:19812-19823. [PMID: 37656929 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c05660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
Singlet exciton fission in organic chromophores has received much attention during the past decade. Inspired by numerous spectroscopic studies in the solid state, there have been vigorous efforts to study singlet exciton fission dynamics in covalently bonded oligomers, which aims to investigate underlying mechanisms of this intriguing process in simplified model systems. In terms of through-space orbital interactions, however, most of covalently bonded pentacene oligomers studied so far fall into weakly interacting systems since they manifest chain-like structures based on various (non)conjugated linkers. Therefore, it remains as a compelling question to answer how through-space interactions in the solid state intervene this photophysical process since it is hypersensitive to displacements and orientations between neighboring chromophores. Herein, as one of experimental studies to answer this question, we introduced a tight-packing dendritic structure whose mesityl-pentacene constituents are coupled via moderate through-space orbital interactions. Based on the comparison with a suitably controlled dendritic structure, which is in a weak coupling regime, important mechanistic viewpoints are tackled such as configurational mixings between singlet, charge-transfer, and triplet pair states and the role of chromophore multiplication. We underscore that our through-space-coupled dendritic oligomer in a quasi-intermediate coupling regime provides a hint on the interplay of multiconfigurational excited-states, which might have drawn complexity in singlet exciton fission kinetics throughout numerous solid-state morphologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juno Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Hao Ting Teo
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Yongseok Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Yuan Cheng Liau
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Daniel Yim
- Department of Chemistry, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea
| | - Yi Han
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Juwon Oh
- Department of ICT Environmental Health System and Department of Chemistry, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Korea
| | - Hyungjun Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea
| | - Chunyan Chi
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Dongho Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
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11
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Rajasree SS, Yu J, Fajardo-Rojas F, Fry HC, Anderson R, Li X, Xu W, Duan J, Goswami S, Maindan K, Gómez-Gualdrón DA, Deria P. Framework-Topology-Controlled Singlet Fission in Metal-Organic Frameworks. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:17678-17688. [PMID: 37527433 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c03918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Singlet fission (SF) has been explored as a viable route to improve photovoltaic performance by producing more excitons. Efficient SF is achieved through a high degree of interchromophoric coupling that facilitates electron superexchange to generate triplet pairs. However, strongly coupled chromophores often form excimers that can serve as an SF intermediate or a low-energy trap site. The succeeding decoherence process, however, requires an optimum electronic coupling to facilitate the isolation of triplet production from the initially prepared correlated triplet pair. Conformational flexibility and dielectric modulation can provide a means to tune the SF mechanism and efficiency by modulating the interchromophoric electronic interaction. Such a strategy cannot be easily adopted in densely stacked traditional organic solids. Here, we show that the assembly of the SF-active chromophores around well-defined pores of solution-stable metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) can be a great platform for a modular SF process. A series of three new MOFs, built out from 9,10-bis(ethynylenephenyl)anthracene-derived struts, show a topology-defined packing density and conformational flexibility of the anthracene core to dictate the SF mechanism. Various steady-state and transient spectroscopic data suggest that the initially prepared singlet population can prefer either an excimer-mediated SF or a direct SF (both through a virtual charge-transfer (CT) state). These solution-stable frameworks offer the tunability of the dielectric environment to facilitate the SF process by stabilizing the CT state. Given that MOFs are a great platform for various photophysical and photochemical developments, generating a large population of long-lived triplets can expand their utilities in various photon energy conversion schemes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreehari Surendran Rajasree
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Science, Southern Illinois University, 1245 Lincoln Drive, Carbondale, Illinois 62901, United States
| | - Jierui Yu
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Science, Southern Illinois University, 1245 Lincoln Drive, Carbondale, Illinois 62901, United States
| | - Fernando Fajardo-Rojas
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, 1500 Illinois Street, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - H Christopher Fry
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Ryther Anderson
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, 1500 Illinois Street, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Xinlin Li
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Science, Southern Illinois University, 1245 Lincoln Drive, Carbondale, Illinois 62901, United States
| | - Wenqian Xu
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Jiaxin Duan
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Subhadip Goswami
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Karan Maindan
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Science, Southern Illinois University, 1245 Lincoln Drive, Carbondale, Illinois 62901, United States
| | - Diego A Gómez-Gualdrón
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, 1500 Illinois Street, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Pravas Deria
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Science, Southern Illinois University, 1245 Lincoln Drive, Carbondale, Illinois 62901, United States
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12
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Wang J, Li H, Zhu Y, Yang M, Huang J, Zhu X, Yu ZP, Lu Z, Zhou H. Unveiling upsurge of photogenerated ROS: control of intersystem crossing through tuning aggregation patterns. Chem Sci 2023; 14:323-330. [PMID: 36687347 PMCID: PMC9811492 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc06445f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Photo-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation by organic photosensitizers (PSs), which show potential in significant fields such as photodynamic therapy (PDT), are highly dependent on the formation of the excited triplet state through intersystem crossing (ISC). The current research on ISC of organic PSs generally focuses on molecular structure optimization. In this manuscript, the influence of aggregation patterns on ISC was investigated by constructing homologous monomers (S-TPA-PI and L-TPA-PI) and their homologous dimers (S-2TPA-2PI and L-2TPA-2PI). In contrast to J-aggregated S-TPA-PI, S-2TPA-2PI-aggregate forming "end-to-end" stacking through π-π interaction could generate ROS more efficiently, due to a prolonged exciton lifetime and enhanced ISC rate constant (k ISC), which were revealed by femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy and theoretical calculations. This finding was further validated by the regulation of aggregation patterns induced by host-guest interaction. Moreover, S-2TPA-2PI could target mitochondria and achieve rapid mitophagy to cause more significant cancer cell suppression. Overall, the delicate supramolecular dimerization tactics not only revealed the structure-property relationship of organic PSs but also shed light on the development of a universal strategy in future PDT and photocatalysis fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjun Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University and Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Materials Chemistry of Anhui Province, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials (Anhui University) Ministry of EducationHefei230601P.R. China
| | - Hao Li
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Material Science and Technology School of Physics and Electronic Information, Anhui Normal UniversityWuhu 241002China
| | - Yicai Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University and Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Materials Chemistry of Anhui Province, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials (Anhui University) Ministry of EducationHefei230601P.R. China
| | - Mingdi Yang
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Anhui Jianzhu UniversityHefei 230601P. R. China
| | - Jing Huang
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Anhui Jianzhu UniversityHefei 230601P. R. China
| | - Xiaojiao Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University and Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Materials Chemistry of Anhui Province, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials (Anhui University) Ministry of EducationHefei230601P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Peng Yu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University and Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Materials Chemistry of Anhui Province, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials (Anhui University) Ministry of EducationHefei230601P.R. China
| | - Zhou Lu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Material Science and Technology School of Physics and Electronic Information, Anhui Normal UniversityWuhu 241002China
| | - Hongping Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University and Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Materials Chemistry of Anhui Province, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials (Anhui University) Ministry of EducationHefei230601P.R. China
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13
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Hart SM, Banal JL, Castellanos MA, Markova L, Vyborna Y, Gorman J, Häner R, Willard AP, Bathe M, Schlau-Cohen GS. Activating charge-transfer state formation in strongly-coupled dimers using DNA scaffolds. Chem Sci 2022; 13:13020-13031. [PMID: 36425503 PMCID: PMC9667922 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc02759c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Strongly-coupled multichromophoric assemblies orchestrate the absorption, transport, and conversion of photonic energy in natural and synthetic systems. Programming these functionalities involves the production of materials in which chromophore placement is precisely controlled. DNA nanomaterials have emerged as a programmable scaffold that introduces the control necessary to select desired excitonic properties. While the ability to control photophysical processes, such as energy transport, has been established, similar control over photochemical processes, such as interchromophore charge transfer, has not been demonstrated in DNA. In particular, charge transfer requires the presence of close-range interchromophoric interactions, which have a particularly steep distance dependence, but are required for eventual energy conversion. Here, we report a DNA-chromophore platform in which long-range excitonic couplings and short-range charge-transfer couplings can be tailored. Using combinatorial screening, we discovered chromophore geometries that enhance or suppress photochemistry. We combined spectroscopic and computational results to establish the presence of symmetry-breaking charge transfer in DNA-scaffolded squaraines, which had not been previously achieved in these chromophores. Our results demonstrate that the geometric control introduced through the DNA can access otherwise inaccessible processes and program the evolution of excitonic states of molecular chromophores, opening up opportunities for designer photoactive materials for light harvesting and computation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie M Hart
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - James L Banal
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Maria A Castellanos
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Larysa Markova
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012 Bern Switzerland
| | - Yuliia Vyborna
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012 Bern Switzerland
| | - Jeffrey Gorman
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Robert Häner
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012 Bern Switzerland
| | - Adam P Willard
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Mark Bathe
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA 02139 USA
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14
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Homberg A, Navazio F, Le Tellier A, Zinna F, Fürstenberg A, Besnard C, Di Bari L, Lacour J. Circularly polarized luminescence from Tb(III) interacting with chiral polyether macrocycles. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:16479-16485. [PMID: 36218085 PMCID: PMC9641584 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt02627a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
A straightforward two-step synthesis protocol affords a series of chiral amide-based bis-pyridine substituted polyether macrocycles. One ligand is particularly able to complex terbium(III) ions spontaneously. Upon complexation, interesting chiroptical properties are observed both in absorbance (ECD) and in fluorescence (CPL). In ligand-centered electronic circular dichroism, a sign inversion coupled with a signal enhancement is measured; while an easily detectable metal-centered circularly polarized luminescence with a glum of 0.05 is obtained for the main 5D4 → 7F5 terbium transition. The coordination mode and structure of the complex was studied using different analysis methods (NMR analysis, spectrophotometric titration and solid-state elucidation).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Homberg
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, Quai Ernest Ansermet 30, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland.
| | - Federica Navazio
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, Quai Ernest Ansermet 30, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland.
- School of Science and Technology, Chemistry Division, University of Camerino, via S. Agostino n. 1, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Antoine Le Tellier
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, Quai Ernest Ansermet 30, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland.
| | - Francesco Zinna
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Via Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Alexandre Fürstenberg
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Céline Besnard
- Laboratory of Crystallography, University of Geneva, Quai Ernest Ansermet 24, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Lorenzo Di Bari
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Via Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Jérôme Lacour
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, Quai Ernest Ansermet 30, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland.
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15
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Bansal D, Kundu A, Singh VP, Pal AK, Datta A, Dasgupta J, Mukhopadhyay P. A highly contorted push-pull naphthalenediimide dimer and evidence of intramolecular singlet exciton fission. Chem Sci 2022; 13:11506-11512. [PMID: 36320404 PMCID: PMC9555572 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc04187a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Singlet fission is a process by which two molecular triplet excitons are generated subsequent to the absorption of one photon. Molecules that enable singlet fission have triplet state energy at least half of the bright singlet state energy. This stringent energy criteria have challenged chemists to device new molecular and supramolecular design principles to modulate the singlet-triplet energy gap and build singlet fission systems from a wide range of organic chromophores. Herein, we report for the first time intramolecular singlet fission in the seminal naphthalenediimide (NDI) scaffold constrained in a push-pull cyclophane architecture, while individually the NDI chromophore does not satisfy the energy criterion. The challenging synthesis of this highly contorted push-pull cyclophane is possible from the preorganized pincer-like precursor. The special architecture establishes the shortest co-facial NDI⋯NDI contacts (3.084 Å) realized to date. Using broadband femtosecond transient absorption, we find that the correlated T-T pair forms rapidly within 380 fs of photoexcitation. Electronic structure calculations at the level of state-averaged CASSCF (ne,mo)/XMCQDPT2 support the existence of the multi-excitonic T-T pair state, thereby confirming the first example of singlet exciton fission in a NDI scaffold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Bansal
- School of Physical Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University New Delhi 110067 India
| | - Arup Kundu
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Mumbai 400005 India
| | - Vijay Pal Singh
- School of Physical Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University New Delhi 110067 India
| | - Arun K Pal
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science Kolkata 700032 West Bengal India
| | - Ayan Datta
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science Kolkata 700032 West Bengal India
| | - Jyotishman Dasgupta
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Mumbai 400005 India
| | - Pritam Mukhopadhyay
- School of Physical Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University New Delhi 110067 India
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16
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Ringström R, Edhborg F, Schroeder ZW, Chen L, Ferguson MJ, Tykwinski RR, Albinsson B. Molecular rotational conformation controls the rate of singlet fission and triplet decay in pentacene dimers. Chem Sci 2022; 13:4944-4954. [PMID: 35655894 PMCID: PMC9067590 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc06285a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Three pentacene dimers have been synthesized to investigate the effect of molecular rotation and rotational conformations on singlet fission (SF). In all three dimers, the pentacene units are linked by a 1,4-diethynylphenylene spacer that provides almost unimpeded rotational freedom between the pentacene- and phenylene-subunits in the parent dimer. Substituents on the phenylene spacer add varying degrees of steric hindrance that restricts both the rotation and the equilibrium distribution of different conformers; the less restricted conformers exhibit faster SF and more rapid subsequent triplet-pair recombination. Furthermore, the rotational conformers have small shifts in their absorption spectra and this feature has been used to selectively excite different conformers and study the resulting SF. Femtosecond transient absorption studies at 100 K reveal that the same dimer can have orders of magnitude faster SF in a strongly coupled conformer compared to a more weakly coupled one. Measurements in polystyrene further show that the SF rate is nearly independent of viscosity whereas the triplet pair lifetime is considerably longer in a high viscosity medium. The results provide insight into design criteria for maintaining high initial SF rate while suppressing triplet recombination in intramolecular singlet fission. In this study we show that one molecule can have vastly different singlet fission and triplet recombination rates depending on its rotational freedom and the relative orientation of the pentacene moieties.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasmus Ringström
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology Kemigården 4 SE-412 96 Göteborg Sweden
| | - Fredrik Edhborg
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology Kemigården 4 SE-412 96 Göteborg Sweden
| | - Zachary W Schroeder
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta T6G 2G2 Canada
| | - Lan Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta T6G 2G2 Canada
| | - Michael J Ferguson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta T6G 2G2 Canada
| | - Rik R Tykwinski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta T6G 2G2 Canada
| | - Bo Albinsson
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology Kemigården 4 SE-412 96 Göteborg Sweden
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17
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He G, Yablon LM, Parenti KR, Fallon KJ, Campos LM, Sfeir MY. Quantifying Exciton Transport in Singlet Fission Diblock Copolymers. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:3269-3278. [PMID: 35166107 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c13456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Singlet fission (SF) is a mechanism of exciton multiplication in organic chromophores, which has potential to drive highly efficient optoelectronic devices. Creating effective device architectures that operate by SF critically depends on electronic interactions across multiple length scales─from individual molecules to interchromophore interactions that facilitate multiexciton dephasing and exciton diffusion toward donor-acceptor interfaces. Therefore, it is imperative to understand the underpinnings of multiexciton transport and interfacial energy transfer in multichromophore systems. Interestingly, block copolymers (BCPs) can be designed to control multiscale interactions by tailoring the nature of the building blocks, yet SF dynamics are not well understood in these macromolecules. Here, we designed diblock copolymers comprising an inherent energy cleft at the interface between a block with pendent pentacene chromophores and an additional block with pendent tetracene chromophores. The singlet and triplet energy offset between the two blocks creates a driving force for exciton transport along the BCP chain in dilute solution. Using time-resolved optical spectroscopy, we have quantified the yields of key energy transfer steps, including both singlet and triplet energy transfer processes across the pentacene-tetracene interface. From this modular BCP architecture, we correlate the energy transfer time scales and relative yields with the length of each block. The ability to quantify these energy transfer processes provides valuable insights into exciton transport at critical length scales between bulk crystalline systems and small-molecule dimers─an area that has been underexplored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiying He
- Department of Physics, Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, New York 10016, United States.,Photonics Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center, City University of New York, New York, New York 10031, United States
| | - Lauren M Yablon
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Kaia R Parenti
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Kealan J Fallon
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Luis M Campos
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Matthew Y Sfeir
- Department of Physics, Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, New York 10016, United States.,Photonics Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center, City University of New York, New York, New York 10031, United States
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18
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Lin L, Zhu J. Computational predictions of adaptive aromaticity for the design of singlet fission materials. Inorg Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qi01442k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The concept of adaptive aromaticity has been demonstrated as an alternative strategy for the design of singlet fission materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
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19
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Mencaroni L, Carlotti B, Elisei F, Marrocchi A, Spalletti A. Exploring a new class of singlet fission fluorene derivatives with high-energy triplets. Chem Sci 2022; 13:2071-2078. [PMID: 35308848 PMCID: PMC8848920 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc07175k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We found that a stronger push–pull character favours SF, as long as the ICT does not act as a trap. The unique property of generating high-energy triplets (ca. 2 eV) via SF makes these materials outstanding candidates for photovoltaic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letizia Mencaroni
- Department of Chemistry Biology and Biotechnology and CEMIN, University of Perugia, via elce di sotto n. 8, 06123, Perugia, Italy
| | - Benedetta Carlotti
- Department of Chemistry Biology and Biotechnology and CEMIN, University of Perugia, via elce di sotto n. 8, 06123, Perugia, Italy
| | - Fausto Elisei
- Department of Chemistry Biology and Biotechnology and CEMIN, University of Perugia, via elce di sotto n. 8, 06123, Perugia, Italy
| | - Assunta Marrocchi
- Department of Chemistry Biology and Biotechnology and CEMIN, University of Perugia, via elce di sotto n. 8, 06123, Perugia, Italy
| | - Anna Spalletti
- Department of Chemistry Biology and Biotechnology and CEMIN, University of Perugia, via elce di sotto n. 8, 06123, Perugia, Italy
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20
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Shi Q, Wang X, Liu B, Qiao P, Li J, Wang L. Macrocyclic host molecules with aromatic building blocks: the state of the art and progress. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:12379-12405. [PMID: 34726202 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc04400a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Macrocyclic host molecules play the central role in host-guest chemistry and supramolecular chemistry. The highly structural symmetry of macrocyclic host molecules can meet people's pursuit of aesthetics in molecular design, and generally means a balance of design, synthesis, properties and applications. For macrocyclic host molecules with highly symmetrical structures, building blocks, which could be described as repeat units as well, are the most fundamental elements for molecular design. The structural features and recognition ability of macrocyclic host molecules are determined by the building blocks and their connection patterns. Using different building blocks, different macrocyclic host molecules could be designed and synthesized. With decades of developments of host-guest chemistry and supramolecular chemistry, diverse macrocyclic host molecules with different building blocks have been designed and synthesized. Aromatic building blocks are a big family among the various building blocks used in constructing macrocyclic host molecules. In this feature article, the recent developments of macrocyclic host molecules with aromatic building blocks were summarized and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Shi
- Advanced Materials Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China. .,Key Laboratory of Light Conversion Materials and Technology of Shandong Academy of Sciences, Advanced Materials Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China
| | - Xuping Wang
- Advanced Materials Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China. .,Key Laboratory of Light Conversion Materials and Technology of Shandong Academy of Sciences, Advanced Materials Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China
| | - Bing Liu
- Advanced Materials Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China. .,Key Laboratory of Light Conversion Materials and Technology of Shandong Academy of Sciences, Advanced Materials Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China
| | - Panyu Qiao
- Advanced Materials Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China. .,Key Laboratory of Light Conversion Materials and Technology of Shandong Academy of Sciences, Advanced Materials Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China
| | - Jing Li
- Advanced Materials Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China. .,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Strength Lightweight Metallic Materials, Advanced Materials Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China
| | - Leyong Wang
- Advanced Materials Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China. .,Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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21
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Sharma A, Athanasopoulos S, Kumarasamy E, Phansa C, Asadpoordarvish A, Sabatini RP, Pandya R, Parenti KR, Sanders SN, McCamey DR, Campos LM, Rao A, Tayebjee MJY, Lakhwani G. Pentacene-Bridge Interactions in an Axially Chiral Binaphthyl Pentacene Dimer. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:7226-7234. [PMID: 34433272 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c05254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Molecular chirality can be exploited as a sensitive reporter of the nature of intra- and interchromophore interactions in π-conjugated systems. In this report, we designed an intramolecular singlet fission (iSF)-based pentacene dimer with an axially chiral binaphthyl bridge (2,2'-(2,2'-dimethoxy-[1,1'-binaphthalene]-3,3'-diyl) n-octyl-di-isopropyl silylethynyl dipentacene, BNBP) to utilize its chiroptical response as a marker of iSF chromophore-bridge-chromophore (SFC-β-SFC) interactions. The axial chirality of the bridge enforces significant one-handed excitonic coupling of the pentacene monomer units; as such, BNBP exhibits significant chiroptical response in the ground and excited states. We analyzed the chiroptical response of BNBP using the exciton coupling method and quadratic response density functional theory calculations to reveal that higher energy singlet transitions in BNBP involve significant delocalization of the electronic density on the bridging binaphthyl group. Our results highlight the promising application of chiroptical techniques to investigate the nature of SFC-β-SFC interactions that impact singlet fission dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Sharma
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Stavros Athanasopoulos
- Departamento de Física, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Avenida Universidad 30, Leganés 28911, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elango Kumarasamy
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Chanakarn Phansa
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Amir Asadpoordarvish
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, School of Physics, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Randy P Sabatini
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Raj Pandya
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Kaia R Parenti
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Samuel N Sanders
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Dane R McCamey
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, School of Physics, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Luis M Campos
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Akshay Rao
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Murad J Y Tayebjee
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom.,School of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Girish Lakhwani
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
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22
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Bradley SJ, Chi M, White JM, Hall CR, Goerigk L, Smith TA, Ghiggino KP. The role of conformational heterogeneity in the excited state dynamics of linked diketopyrrolopyrrole dimers. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:9357-9364. [PMID: 33885111 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp00541c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) derivatives have been proposed for both singlet fission and energy upconversion as they meet the energetic requirements and exhibit superior photostability compared to many other chromophores. In this study, both time-resolved electronic and IR spectroscopy have been applied to investigate excited state relaxation processes competing with fission in dimers of DPP derivatives with varying linker structures. A charge-separated (CS) state is shown to be an important intermediate with dynamics that are both solvent and linker dependent. The CS state is found for a subset of the total population of excited molecules and it is proposed that CS state formation requires suitably aligned dimers within a broader distribution of conformations available in solution. No long-lived triplet signatures indicative of singlet fission were detected, with the CS state likely acting as an alternative relaxation pathway for the excitation energy. This study provides insight into the role of molecular conformation in determining excited state relaxation pathways in DPP dimer systems.
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23
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Baghdasaryan A, Brun E, Wang Y, Salassa G, Lacour J, Bürgi T. Combined spectroscopic studies on post-functionalized Au 25 cluster as an ATR-FTIR sensor for cations. Chem Sci 2021; 12:7419-7427. [PMID: 34163832 PMCID: PMC8171333 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc01654g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, significant research activity has been devoted to thiolate-protected gold clusters due to their attractive optical and electronic properties. These properties as well as solubility and stability can be controlled by post-synthetic modification strategies. Herein, the ligand exchange reaction between Au25(2-PET)18 cluster (where 2-PET is 2-phenylethanethiol) and di-thiolated crown ether (t-CE) ligands bearing two chromophores was studied. The post-functionalization aimed to endow the cluster with ion binding properties. The exchange reaction was followed in situ by UV-vis, 1H NMR and HPLC. MALDI mass analysis revealed the incorporation of up to 5 t-CE ligands into the ligand shell. Once functionalized MALDI furthermore showed complexation of sodium ions to the cluster. ATR-FTIR spectroscopic studies using aqueous solutions of K+, Ba2+, Gd3+ and Eu3+ showed noticeable spectral shifts of the C-O stretching band around 1100 cm-1 upon complexation. Further spectral changes point towards a conformational change of the two chromophores that are attached to the crown ether. Density functional theory calculations indicate that the di-thiol ligand bridges two staple units on the cluster. The calculations furthermore reproduce the spectral shift of the C-O stretching vibrations upon complex formation and reveal a conformational change that involves the two chromophores attached to the crown ether. The functionalized clusters have therefore attractive ion sensing properties due to the combination of binding properties, mainly due to the crown ether, and the possibility for signal transduction via an induced conformational change involving chromophore units.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ani Baghdasaryan
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Geneva 30 Quai Ernest-Ansermet 1211 Geneva 4 Switzerland
| | - Elodie Brun
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva 30 Quai Ernest-Ansermet 1211 Geneva 4 Switzerland
| | - Yuming Wang
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Geneva 30 Quai Ernest-Ansermet 1211 Geneva 4 Switzerland
| | - Giovanni Salassa
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Geneva 30 Quai Ernest-Ansermet 1211 Geneva 4 Switzerland
| | - Jérôme Lacour
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva 30 Quai Ernest-Ansermet 1211 Geneva 4 Switzerland
| | - Thomas Bürgi
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Geneva 30 Quai Ernest-Ansermet 1211 Geneva 4 Switzerland
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Exploitation of Baird Aromaticity and Clar’s Rule for Tuning the Triplet Energies of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons. CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/chemistry3020038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) are a prominent substance class with a variety of applications in molecular materials science. Their electronic properties crucially depend on the bond topology in ways that are often highly non-intuitive. Here, we study, using density functional theory, the triplet states of four biphenylene-derived PAHs finding dramatically different triplet excitation energies for closely related isomeric structures. These differences are rationalised using a qualitative description of Clar sextets and Baird quartets, quantified in terms of nucleus independent chemical shifts, and represented graphically through a recently developed method for visualising chemical shielding tensors (VIST). The results are further interpreted in terms of a 2D rigid rotor model of aromaticity and through an analysis of the natural transition orbitals involved in the triplet excited states showing good consistency between the different viewpoints. We believe that this work constitutes an important step in consolidating these varying viewpoints of electronically excited states.
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