1
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Sakaguchi H, Kojima T, Cheng Y, Nobusue S, Fukami K. Electrochemical on-surface synthesis of a strong electron-donating graphene nanoribbon catalyst. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5972. [PMID: 39075056 PMCID: PMC11286955 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50086-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
On-surface synthesis of edge-functionalized graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) has attracted much attention. However, producing such GNRs on a large scale through on-surface synthesis under ultra-high vacuum on thermally activated metal surfaces has been challenging. This is mainly due to the decomposition of functional groups at temperatures of 300 to 500 °C and limited monolayer GNR growth based on the metal catalysis. To overcome these obstacles, we developed an on-surface electrochemical technique that utilizes redox reactions of asymmetric precursors at an electric double layer where a strong electric field is confined to the liquid-solid interface. We successfully demonstrate layer-by-layer growth of strong electron-donating GNRs on electrodes at temperatures <80 °C without decomposing functional groups. We show that high-voltage facilitates previously unknown heterochiral di-cationic polymerization. Electrochemically produced GNRs exhibiting one of the strongest electron-donating properties known, enable extraordinary silicon-etching catalytic activity, exceeding those of noble metals, with superior photoconductive properties. Our technique advances the possibility of producing various edge-functional GNRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Sakaguchi
- Institute of Advanced Energy, Kyoto University, Uji, 611-0011, Japan.
| | - Takahiro Kojima
- Institute of Advanced Energy, Kyoto University, Uji, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Yingbo Cheng
- Institute of Advanced Energy, Kyoto University, Uji, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Shunpei Nobusue
- Institute of Advanced Energy, Kyoto University, Uji, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Fukami
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
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2
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Wong HQ, Lin TH, Liao JM, Kholimatussadiah S, Baskoro F, Tsai HHG, Yen HJ. Electroactive Carbazole-Based Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons: Synthesis, Photophysical Properties, and Computational Studies. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:29379-29390. [PMID: 39005832 PMCID: PMC11238223 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c01434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we explored the oxidative coupling reactions of carbazole-based polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons using traditional Scholl reactions and electrochemical oxidation. Our findings indicate that the oxidation predominantly occurs at the carbazole functional group. The underlying reaction mechanisms were also clarified through theoretical investigations, highlighting that the primary oxidation pathway involves the 3,6-positions of the carbazole moiety, which is attributable to its high electron density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Qi Wong
- Institute
of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Sustainable
Chemical Science and Technology Program, Taiwan International Graduate
Program (TIGP), Academia Sinica and National
Taiwan University, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan
University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Hsuan Lin
- Institute
of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan
University of Science and Technology, Taipei 10607, Taiwan
| | - Jian-Ming Liao
- Department
of Chemistry, National Central University, No. 300, Zhongda Rd., Zhongli District, Taoyuan City 32001, Taiwan
| | - Septia Kholimatussadiah
- Nano Science
and Technology Program, TIGP, Academia Sinica
and National Taiwan University, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Febri Baskoro
- Institute
of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Hsu Gavin Tsai
- Department
of Chemistry, National Central University, No. 300, Zhongda Rd., Zhongli District, Taoyuan City 32001, Taiwan
- Research
Center of New Generation Light Driven Photovoltaic Module, National Central University, No. 300, Zhongda Road, Zhongli District, Taoyuan City 32001, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Ju Yen
- Institute
of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
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3
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Tao Y, Liu H, Kong HY, Bian XY, Yao BW, Li YJ, Gu C, Ding X, Sun L, Han BH. Resistive Memristors Using Robust Electropolymerized Porous Organic Polymer Films as Switchable Materials. J Am Chem Soc 2024. [PMID: 38728652 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c02960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Porous organic polymers (POPs) with inherent porosity, tunable pore environment, and semiconductive property are ideally suitable for application in various advanced semiconductor-related devices. However, owing to the lack of processability, POPs are usually prepared in powder forms, which limits their application in advanced devices. Herein, we demonstrate an example of information storage application of POPs with film form prepared by an electrochemical method. The growth process of the electropolymerized films in accordance with the Volmer-Weber model was proposed by observation of atomic force microscopy. Given the mechanism of the electron transfer system, we verified and mainly emphasized the importance of porosity and interfacial properties of porous polymer films for memristor. As expected, the as-fabricated memristors exhibit good performance on low turn-on voltage (0.65 ± 0.10 V), reliable data storage, and high on/off current ratio (104). This work offers inspiration for applying POPs in the form of electropolymerized films in various advanced semiconductor-related devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Tao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hui Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hui-Yuan Kong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xin-Yue Bian
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Bin-Wei Yao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yong Jun Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
- The GBA National Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation, Guangdong 510700, China
| | - Cheng Gu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Xuesong Ding
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Lianfeng Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- The GBA National Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation, Guangdong 510700, China
| | - Bao-Hang Han
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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4
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Zhang Q, Wu D, Fu Y, Li J, Chen Y, Zhang B. Molecular-Potential and Redox Coregulated Cathodic Electrosynthesis toward Ionic Azulene-Based Thin Films for Organic Memristors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:22217-22228. [PMID: 38639367 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c19527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Organic memristors as promising electronic units are attracting significant attention owing to their simplicity of molecular structure design. However, fabricating high-quality organic films via novel synthetic technologies and exploring unprecedented chemical structures to achieve excellent memory performance in organic memristor devices are highly challenging. In this work, we report a cathodic electropolymerization to synthesize an ionic azulene-based memristive film (PPMAz-Py+Br-) under the molecular-potential and redox coregulation. During the cathodic electropolymerization process, electropositive pyridinium salts migrate to the cathode under an electric field, undergo a reduction-coupling deprotonation reaction, and polymerize into a uniform film with a controllable thickness on the electrode surface. The prepared Al/PPMAz-Py+Br-/ITO devices not only exhibit a high ON/OFF ratio of 1.8 × 103, high stability, long memory retention, and endurance under a wide range of voltage scans, but also achieve excellent multilevel storage and history-dependent memristive performance. In addition, the devices can mimic important biosynaptic functions, such as learning/forgetting function, synaptic enhancement/inhibition, paired-pulse facilitation/depression, and spiking-rate-dependent plasticity. The tunable memristive performances are attributed to the capture of free electrons on pyridinium cations, the migration of the aluminum ions (Al3+), and the form of Al conductive filaments under voltage scans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiongshan Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Dongchuang Wu
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China
| | - Yubin Fu
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) & Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden 01062, Germany
| | - Jinyong Li
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
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5
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Wang WZ, Wang Q, He X, Shen YH, Zhai Z, Zhang R, Li Y, Ye KY. Electrochemical Continuous-Flow Scholl Reaction toward Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons. Org Lett 2024; 26:2243-2248. [PMID: 38456736 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c00445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
The preparation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) by the Scholl reaction is typically performed by using superstoichiometric oxidants. Herein, we develop an electrochemical continuous-flow Scholl reaction to access PAHs that features a reduction in the use of supporting electrolytes and easy scale-up without changing the reaction conditions and setups. This reaction allows the synthesis of distorted PAHs containing three [5]helicene units that possess intriguing electronic and optical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Zhen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Xinglei He
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Yi-Han Shen
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Zi'ang Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Ruiying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Yuanming Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Ke-Yin Ye
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
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6
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Xu Z, Li S, Huang F, He T, Jia X, Liang H, Guo Y, Long G, Kan B, Yao Z, Li C, Wan X, Chen Y. Propeller vs Quasi-Planar 6-Cantilever Small Molecular Platforms with Extremely Two-Dimensional Conjugated Extension. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202311686. [PMID: 37858963 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202311686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Two exotic 6-cantilever small molecular platforms, characteristic of quite different molecular configurations of propeller and quasi-plane, are established by extremely two-dimensional conjugated extension. When applied in small molecular acceptors, the only two cases of CH25 and CH26 that could contain six terminals and such broad conjugated backbones have been afforded thus far, rendering featured absorptions, small reorganization and exciton binding energies. Moreover, their distinctive but completely different molecular geometries result in sharply contrasting nanoscale film morphologies. Finally, CH26 contributes to the best device efficiency of 15.41 % among acceptors with six terminals, demonstrating two pioneered yet highly promising 6-cantilever molecular innovation platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Tianjin Key Laboratory of functional polymer materials, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Shitong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Tianjin Key Laboratory of functional polymer materials, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Fangfang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Tianjin Key Laboratory of functional polymer materials, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Tengfei He
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Tianjin Key Laboratory of functional polymer materials, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Xinyuan Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Tianjin Key Laboratory of functional polymer materials, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Huazhe Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Tianjin Key Laboratory of functional polymer materials, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yaxiao Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, School of Chemistry, Tiangong University, Tianjin, 300387, China
| | - Guankui Long
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Bin Kan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Zhaoyang Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Tianjin Key Laboratory of functional polymer materials, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Chenxi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Tianjin Key Laboratory of functional polymer materials, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Xiangjian Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Tianjin Key Laboratory of functional polymer materials, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yongsheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Tianjin Key Laboratory of functional polymer materials, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
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7
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Wang Y, Zhao R, Ackermann L. Electrochemical Syntheses of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs). ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023:e2300760. [PMID: 36965124 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202300760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have surfaced as increasingly viable components in optoelectronics and material sciences. The development of highly efficient and atom-economic tools to prepare PAHs under exceedingly mild conditions constitutes a long-term goal. Traditional syntheses of PAHs have largely relied on multistep approaches or the conventional Scholl reaction. However, Scholl reactions are largely inefficient with electron-deficient substrates, require stoichiometric chemical oxidants, and typically occur in the presence of strong acid. In sharp contrast, electrochemistry has gained considerable momentum during the past decade as an alternative for the facile and straightforward PAHs assembly, generally via electro-oxidative dehydrogenative annulation, releasing molecular hydrogen as the sole stoichiometric byproduct by the hydrogen evolution reaction. This review provides an overview on the recent and significant advances in the field of electrochemical syntheses of various PAHs until January 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulei Wang
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie and Wöhler Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry (WISCh), Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammanstraße 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Rong Zhao
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie and Wöhler Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry (WISCh), Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammanstraße 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Lutz Ackermann
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie and Wöhler Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry (WISCh), Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammanstraße 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
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8
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Wang M, Wang Y, Zhao J, Zou J, Liang X, Zhu Z, Zhu J, Wang H, Wang Y, Pan F, Jiang Z. Electrochemical Interfacial Polymerization toward Ultrathin COF Membranes for Brine Desalination. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202219084. [PMID: 36738172 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202219084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Ultrathin covalent organic framework (COF) membranes are urgently demanded in molecular/ionic separations. Herein, we reported an electrochemical interfacial polymerization strategy to fabricate ultrathin COF membranes with thickness of 85 nm, by actively manipulate self-healing effect and self-inhibiting effect. The resulting COF membrane exhibited superior performance in brine desalination with the permeation flux of 92 kg m-2 h-1 and the rejection of 99.96 %. Our electrochemical interfacial polymerization strategy enriches the fabrication approach of COF membranes and facilitates the rational design of ultrathin membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meidi Wang
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.,Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Yutong Wang
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.,Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Junyi Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.,Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin, 300072, China.,Guangdong Laboratory of Chemistry and Fine Chemical Industry Jieyang Center, Guangdong, 522000, China
| | - Jiyu Zou
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.,Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Xu Liang
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.,Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Ziting Zhu
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.,Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Jiashi Zhu
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.,Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Hongjian Wang
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.,Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Yuhan Wang
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.,Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Fusheng Pan
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.,Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Zhongyi Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.,Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin, 300072, China.,Guangdong Laboratory of Chemistry and Fine Chemical Industry Jieyang Center, Guangdong, 522000, China
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9
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Hu B, Li J, Wang Y, Hu X, Shi Y, Jin L. Design, electrosynthesis and electrochromic properties of conjugated microporous polymer films based on butterfly-shaped diphenylamine-thiophene derivatives. Electrochim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2022.141450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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10
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Lian X, Zhang G, Yang Y, Chen M, Yang W, Cheng C, Huang B, Fu Z, Bi X, Zhou Z, Li M. Measurement of the mixing state of PAHs in individual particles and its effect on PAH transport in urban and remote areas and from major sources. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 214:114075. [PMID: 35963317 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Although recent laboratory simulations have demonstrated that organic matter prevents the degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), their role in the long-range transport of PAHs in the real atmosphere remains poorly understood. In this study, we measured the chemical composition and mixing state of PAHs-containing individual particles in aerosols from three sources, one urban area and one remote area. PAHs-containing particles were classified into five types: organic carbon (OC), potassium mixed with organic carbon (KOC), potassium mixed with sodium (KNa), Krich and PAH-rich. The PAH-rich and KOC particles were the main types of particles produced by vehicle exhaust/coal burning and biomass burning, respectively, accounting for >50% of the PAHs-containing particles. It was found that organic matter enhancement of PAHs-containing particles occurs in the ambient atmosphere, with organic-rich (OC and KOC) particles accounting for >90%. Further analysis revealed that the increase in the fractions of PAHs was related to the mixing state with organic compounds due to the protection of organics against PAHs and/or the aging of PAHs-containing particles. The results of this study improve our understanding of the chemical composition and mixing state of PAHs particles in atmospheric aerosols from emission sources and urban and remote areas, and provide field observation evidence to support the promotion of the study of long-range transport of PAHs by organics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiufeng Lian
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry and Atmospheric Environment, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for On-line Source Apportionment System of Air Pollution, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, PR China; Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China
| | - Guohua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, PR China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, PR China
| | - Yuxiang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, PR China
| | - Mubai Chen
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry and Atmospheric Environment, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for On-line Source Apportionment System of Air Pollution, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China; Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China
| | - Wenda Yang
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry and Atmospheric Environment, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for On-line Source Apportionment System of Air Pollution, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China; Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China
| | - Chunlei Cheng
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry and Atmospheric Environment, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for On-line Source Apportionment System of Air Pollution, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China; Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China
| | - Bo Huang
- Guangzhou Hexin Analytical Instrument Company Limited, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Zhong Fu
- Guangzhou Hexin Analytical Instrument Company Limited, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Xinhui Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, PR China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, PR China
| | - Zhen Zhou
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry and Atmospheric Environment, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for On-line Source Apportionment System of Air Pollution, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China; Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China
| | - Mei Li
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry and Atmospheric Environment, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for On-line Source Apportionment System of Air Pollution, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China; Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Guangzhou, 510632, PR China.
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11
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Gu Y, Qiu Z, Müllen K. Nanographenes and Graphene Nanoribbons as Multitalents of Present and Future Materials Science. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:11499-11524. [PMID: 35671225 PMCID: PMC9264366 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c02491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
As cut-outs from a graphene sheet, nanographenes (NGs) and graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) are ideal cases with which to connect the world of molecules with that of bulk carbon materials. While various top-down approaches have been developed to produce such nanostructures in high yields, in the present perspective, precision structural control is emphasized for the length, width, and edge structures of NGs and GNRs achieved by modern solution and on-surface syntheses. Their structural possibilities have been further extended from "flatland" to the three-dimensional world, where chirality and handedness are the jewels in the crown. In addition to properties exhibited at the molecular level, self-assembly and thin-film structures cannot be neglected, which emphasizes the importance of processing techniques. With the rich toolkit of chemistry in hand, NGs and GNRs can be endowed with versatile properties and functions ranging from stimulated emission to spintronics and from bioimaging to energy storage, thus demonstrating their multitalents in present and future materials science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanwei Gu
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Zijie Qiu
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Shenzhen
Institute of Aggregate Science and Technology, School of Science and
Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong
Kong, Shenzhen 518172, China
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Institute
for Physical Chemistry , Johannes Gutenberg
University Mainz, Duesbergweg
10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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12
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Liu Z, Fu S, Liu X, Narita A, Samorì P, Bonn M, Wang HI. Small Size, Big Impact: Recent Progress in Bottom-Up Synthesized Nanographenes for Optoelectronic and Energy Applications. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2106055. [PMID: 35218329 PMCID: PMC9259728 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202106055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Bottom-up synthesized graphene nanostructures, including 0D graphene quantum dots and 1D graphene nanoribbons, have recently emerged as promising candidates for efficient, green optoelectronic, and energy storage applications. The versatility in their molecular structures offers a large and novel library of nanographenes with excellent and adjustable optical, electronic, and catalytic properties. In this minireview, recent progress on the fundamental understanding of the properties of different graphene nanostructures, and their state-of-the-art applications in optoelectronics and energy storage are summarized. The properties of pristine nanographenes, including high emissivity and intriguing blinking effect in graphene quantum dots, superior charge transport properties in graphene nanoribbons, and edge-specific electrochemistry in various graphene nanostructures, are highlighted. Furthermore, it is shown that emerging nanographene-2D material-based van der Waals heterostructures provide an exciting opportunity for efficient green optoelectronics with tunable characteristics. Finally, challenges and opportunities of the field are highlighted by offering guidelines for future combined efforts in the synthesis, assembly, spectroscopic, and electrical studies as well as (nano)fabrication to boost the progress toward advanced device applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyang Liu
- University of StrasbourgCNRSISIS UMR 70068 allée Gaspard MongeStrasbourg67000France
| | - Shuai Fu
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer ResearchAckermannweg 10Mainz55128Germany
| | - Xiaomin Liu
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer ResearchAckermannweg 10Mainz55128Germany
| | - Akimitsu Narita
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer ResearchAckermannweg 10Mainz55128Germany
- Organic and Carbon Nanomaterials UnitOkinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University1919‐1 Tancha, Onna‐sonKunigamiOkinawa904‐0495Japan
| | - Paolo Samorì
- University of StrasbourgCNRSISIS UMR 70068 allée Gaspard MongeStrasbourg67000France
| | - Mischa Bonn
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer ResearchAckermannweg 10Mainz55128Germany
| | - Hai I. Wang
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer ResearchAckermannweg 10Mainz55128Germany
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13
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Wang X, Yang J, Shi X, Zhang Z, Yin C, Wang Y. Electrosynthesis of Ionic Covalent Organic Frameworks for Charge-Selective Separation of Molecules. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2107108. [PMID: 35218138 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202107108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have emerged as potent material platforms for engineering advanced membranes to tackle challenging separation demands. However, the synthesis of COF membranes is currently hampered by suboptimal productivity and harsh synthesis conditions, especially for ionic COFs with perdurable charges. Herein, ionic COFs with charged nanochannels are electrically synthesized on conductive supports to rapidly construct composite membranes for charge-selective separations of small molecules. The intrinsic charging nature and strong charge intensity of ionic COFs are demonstrated to collectively dominate the membrane growth. Spontaneous repairing to diminish defects under the applied electric field is observed, in favor of generating well-grown COF membranes. Altering electrosynthetic conditions realizes the precise control over the membrane thickness and thus the separation ability. Electrically synthesized ionic COF membranes exhibit remarkable molecular separation performances due to their relatively ordered and charged nanochannels. With these charge-selective pathways, the membranes enable the efficient sieving of charged and neutral molecules with analogous structures. This study reveals an electrical route to synthesizing COF thin films, and showcases the great potential of ionic nanochannels in precise separation based on charge selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, P. R. China
| | - Jingying Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, P. R. China
| | - Xiansong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, P. R. China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, P. R. China
| | - Congcong Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, P. R. China
| | - Yong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, P. R. China
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14
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Zeng C, Zheng W, Xu H, Osella S, Ma W, Wang HI, Qiu Z, Otake K, Ren W, Cheng H, Müllen K, Bonn M, Gu C, Ma Y. Electrochemical Deposition of a Single-Crystalline Nanorod Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Film with Efficient Charge and Exciton Transport. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202115389. [PMID: 34931418 PMCID: PMC9306484 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202115389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Electrochemical deposition has emerged as an efficient technique for preparing conjugated polymer films on electrodes. However, this method encounters difficulties in synthesizing crystalline products and controlling their orientation on electrodes. Here we report electrochemical film deposition of a large polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon. The film is composed of single-crystalline nanorods, in which the molecules adopt a cofacial stacking arrangement along the π-π direction. Film thickness and crystal size can be controlled by electrochemical conditions such as scan rate and electrolyte species, while the choice of anode material determines crystal orientation. The film supports exceptionally efficient migration of both free carriers and excitons: the free carrier mobility reaches over 30 cm2 V-1 s-1 , whereas the excitons are delocalized with a low binding energy of 118.5 meV and a remarkable exciton diffusion length of 45 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and DevicesInstitute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and DevicesSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhou510640P. R. China
| | - Wenhao Zheng
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer ResearchAckermannweg 1055122MainzGermany
| | - Hong Xu
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy TechnologyTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084P. R. China
| | - Silvio Osella
- Chemical and Biological Systems Simulation LabCenter of New TechnologiesUniversity of WarsawBanacha 2C02-097WarsawPoland
| | - Wei Ma
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials ScienceInstitute of Metal ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesShenyang110016P. R. China
| | - Hai I. Wang
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer ResearchAckermannweg 1055122MainzGermany
| | - Zijie Qiu
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer ResearchAckermannweg 1055122MainzGermany
| | - Ken‐ichi Otake
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material SciencesInstitute for Advanced StudyKyoto UniversityKyoto606-8501Japan
| | - Wencai Ren
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials ScienceInstitute of Metal ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesShenyang110016P. R. China
| | - Huiming Cheng
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials ScienceInstitute of Metal ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesShenyang110016P. R. China
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer ResearchAckermannweg 1055122MainzGermany
| | - Mischa Bonn
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer ResearchAckermannweg 1055122MainzGermany
| | - Cheng Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and DevicesInstitute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and DevicesSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhou510640P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular AggregatesSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhou510640P. R. China
| | - Yuguang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and DevicesInstitute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and DevicesSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhou510640P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular AggregatesSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhou510640P. R. China
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15
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Zeng C, Zheng W, Xu H, Osella S, Ma W, Wang HI, Qiu Z, Otake K, Ren W, Cheng H, Müllen K, Bonn M, Gu C, Ma Y. Electrochemical Deposition of a Single‐Crystalline Nanorod Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Film with Efficient Charge and Exciton Transport. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202115389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 P. R. China
| | - Wenhao Zheng
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10 55122 Mainz Germany
| | - Hong Xu
- Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 P. R. China
| | - Silvio Osella
- Chemical and Biological Systems Simulation Lab Center of New Technologies University of Warsaw Banacha 2C 02-097 Warsaw Poland
| | - Wei Ma
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science Institute of Metal Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenyang 110016 P. R. China
| | - Hai I. Wang
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10 55122 Mainz Germany
| | - Zijie Qiu
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10 55122 Mainz Germany
| | - Ken‐ichi Otake
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences Institute for Advanced Study Kyoto University Kyoto 606-8501 Japan
| | - Wencai Ren
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science Institute of Metal Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenyang 110016 P. R. China
| | - Huiming Cheng
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science Institute of Metal Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenyang 110016 P. R. China
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10 55122 Mainz Germany
| | - Mischa Bonn
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10 55122 Mainz Germany
| | - Cheng Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 P. R. China
| | - Yuguang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 P. R. China
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16
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Tay NES, Lehnherr D, Rovis T. Photons or Electrons? A Critical Comparison of Electrochemistry and Photoredox Catalysis for Organic Synthesis. Chem Rev 2022; 122:2487-2649. [PMID: 34751568 PMCID: PMC10021920 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Redox processes are at the heart of synthetic methods that rely on either electrochemistry or photoredox catalysis, but how do electrochemistry and photoredox catalysis compare? Both approaches provide access to high energy intermediates (e.g., radicals) that enable bond formations not constrained by the rules of ionic or 2 electron (e) mechanisms. Instead, they enable 1e mechanisms capable of bypassing electronic or steric limitations and protecting group requirements, thus enabling synthetic chemists to disconnect molecules in new and different ways. However, while providing access to similar intermediates, electrochemistry and photoredox catalysis differ in several physical chemistry principles. Understanding those differences can be key to designing new transformations and forging new bond disconnections. This review aims to highlight these differences and similarities between electrochemistry and photoredox catalysis by comparing their underlying physical chemistry principles and describing their impact on electrochemical and photochemical methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas E S Tay
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Dan Lehnherr
- Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Tomislav Rovis
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
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17
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Chang S, Jin X, He Q, Liu T, Fang J, Shen Z, Li Z, Zhang S, Dahbi M, Alami J, Amine K, Li AD, Zhang H, Lu J. In Situ Formation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons as an Artificial Hybrid Layer for Lithium Metal Anodes. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:263-270. [PMID: 34905368 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c03624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Nonuniform Li deposition causes dendrites and low Coulombic efficiency (CE), seriously hindering the practical applications of Li metal. Herein, we developed an artificial solid-state interphase (SEI) with planar polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) on the surface of Li metal anodes by a facile in situ formation technology. The resultant dihydroxyviolanthron (DHV) layers serve as the protective layer to stabilize the SEI. In addition, the oxygen-containing functional groups in the soft and conformal SEI film can regulate the diffusion and transport of Li ions to homogenize the deposition of Li metal. The artificial SEI significantly improves the CEs and shows superior cyclability of over 1000 h at 4 mAh cm-2. The LiFePO4/Li cell (2.8 mAh cm-2) enables a long cyclability for 300 cycles and high CEs of 99.8%. This work offers a new strategy to inhibit Li dendrite growth and enlightens the design on stable SEI for metal anodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaozhong Chang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Jiangsu 210093, China
| | - Xin Jin
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Jiangsu 210093, China
| | - Qiya He
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Tongchao Liu
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Jiabin Fang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Jiangsu 210093, China
| | - Zihan Shen
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Jiangsu 210093, China
| | - Zhonghua Li
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Jiangsu 210093, China
| | - Shuo Zhang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Jiangsu 210093, China
| | - Mouad Dahbi
- Materials Science and Nano-Engineering Department, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Ben Guerir 43150, Morocco
| | - Jones Alami
- Materials Science and Nano-Engineering Department, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Ben Guerir 43150, Morocco
| | - Khalil Amine
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Ai-Dong Li
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Jiangsu 210093, China
| | - Huigang Zhang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Jiangsu 210093, China
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
- Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jun Lu
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
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18
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Lee SH, Seo JH, Shin E, Joo SH, Buyukcakir O, Jiang Y, Kim M, Nam H, Kwak SK, Ruoff RS. Structural analysis of hyperbranched polyhydrocarbon synthesized by electrochemical polymerization. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py00756h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Structure of a hyperbranched polyhydrocarbon obtained by electrochemical polymerization was analyzed by various NMR techniques and modeling. The calculated physical properties from its bulk model system well matched with experimental results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Hwa Lee
- Center for Multidimentional Carbon Materials (CMCM), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hong Seo
- Center for Multidimentional Carbon Materials (CMCM), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunhye Shin
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Hun Joo
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Onur Buyukcakir
- Center for Multidimentional Carbon Materials (CMCM), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Yi Jiang
- Center for Multidimentional Carbon Materials (CMCM), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Minhyeok Kim
- Center for Multidimentional Carbon Materials (CMCM), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunju Nam
- Center for Multidimentional Carbon Materials (CMCM), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Kyu Kwak
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Rodney S. Ruoff
- Center for Multidimentional Carbon Materials (CMCM), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
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19
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Jassas RS, Mughal EU, Sadiq A, Alsantali RI, Al-Rooqi MM, Naeem N, Moussa Z, Ahmed SA. Scholl reaction as a powerful tool for the synthesis of nanographenes: a systematic review. RSC Adv 2021; 11:32158-32202. [PMID: 35495486 PMCID: PMC9041733 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra05910f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanographenes, or extended polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, have been attracting increasing attention owing to their widespread applications in organic electronics. However, the atomically precise fabrication of nanographenes has thus far been achieved only through synthetic organic chemistry. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are popular research subjects due to their high stability, rigid planar structure, and characteristic optical spectra. The recent discovery of graphene, which can be regarded as giant PAH, has further stimulated research interest in this area. Chemists working with nanographene and heterocyclic analogs thereof have chosen it as their preferred tool for the assembly of large and complex architectures. The Scholl reaction has maintained significant relevance in contemporary organic synthesis with many advances in recent years and now ranks among the most useful C-C bond-forming processes for the generation of the π-conjugated frameworks of nanographene or their heterocyclic analogs. A broad range of oxidants and Lewis acids have found use in Scholl-type processes, including Cu(OTf)2/AlCl3, FeCl3, MoCl5, PIFA/BF3-Et2O, and DDQ, in combination with Brønsted or Lewis acids, and the surface-mediated reaction has found especially wide applications in PAH synthesis. Undoubtedly, the utility of the Scholl reaction is supreme in the construction of nanographene and their heterocyclic analogues. The detailed analysis of the progress achieved in this field reveals that many groups have contributed by pushing the boundary of structural possibilities, expanding into surface-assisted cyclodehydrogenation and developing new reagents. In this review, we highlight and discuss the recent modifications in the Scholl reaction for nanographene synthesis using numerous oxidant systems. In addition, the merits or demerits of each oxidative reagent is described herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabab S Jassas
- Department of Chemistry, Jamoum University College, Umm Al-Qura University 21955 Makkah Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Amina Sadiq
- Department of Chemistry, Govt. College Women University Sialkot-51300 Pakistan
| | - Reem I Alsantali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Taif University P.O. Box 11099 Taif 21944 Saudi Arabia
| | - Munirah M Al-Rooqi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University 21955 Makkah Saudi Arabia
| | - Nafeesa Naeem
- Department of Chemistry, University of Gujrat Gujrat-50700 Pakistan
| | - Ziad Moussa
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University P.O. Box 15551 Al Ain United Arab Emirates
| | - Saleh A Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University 21955 Makkah Saudi Arabia
- Research Laboratories Unit, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University 21955 Makkah Saudi Arabia
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University 71516 Assiut Egypt
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20
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Ueda H, Yoshimoto S. Multi-Redox Active Carbons and Hydrocarbons: Control of their Redox Properties and Potential Applications. CHEM REC 2021; 21:2411-2429. [PMID: 34128316 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202100088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Precise control over redox properties is essential for high-performance organic electronic devices such as organic batteries, electrochromic devices, and information storage devices. In this context, multi-redox active carbons and hydrocarbons, represented as Cx Hy molecules (x≥1, y≥0), are highly sought after, because they can switch between multiple redox states. Herein, we outline the redox properties of Cx Hy molecules as solutes and adsorbed species. Furthermore, the limitations of evaluating their redox properties and the possible solutions are summarized. Additionally, the theoretical capacity (mAh/g) and gravimetric energy density (Wh/kg) of secondary batteries were estimated based on the redox properties of 185 Cx Hy molecules, which have primarily been reported in the last decade. Among them, seven Cx Hy molecules were found to have the potential to surpass the energy density of LiNi0.6 Mn0.2 Co0.2 O2 /graphite batteries. The use of Cx Hy molecules in multielectrochromic devices and multi-bit memory is also explained. We believe that this review will encourage further utilization of Cx Hy molecules thereby promoting its applications in organic electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Ueda
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan
| | - Soichiro Yoshimoto
- Institute of Industrial Nanomaterials, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan
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21
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Abstract
An organocatalytic site-selective electrochemical method for the benzylic C–H amination of alkylarenes with azoles through hydrogen evolution has been developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Wei Hou
- Advanced Research Institute and Department of Chemistry, Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, 318000, People's Republic of China
| | - Laiqiang Li
- Advanced Research Institute and Department of Chemistry, Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, 318000, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Wang
- Advanced Research Institute and Department of Chemistry, Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, 318000, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
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