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Wang Q, Murphy RP, Gau MR, Carroll PJ, Tomson NC. Controlling the Size of Molecular Copper Clusters Supported by a Multinucleating Macrocycle. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:18332-18344. [PMID: 39292545 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c02416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/20/2024]
Abstract
The use of a nonrigid, pyridyldialdimine-derived macrocyclic ligand (3PDAI2) enabled the synthesis of well-defined mono-, di-, tri-, and tetra-nuclear Cu(I) complexes in good yields through rational synthetic means. Starting from mono- and diargentous 3PDAI2 complexes, transmetalation to Cu(I) proceeded smoothly with formation of AgX (X = Cl, I) salts to generate mono-, di-, and trinuclear copper complexes. Monodentate supporting ligands (MeCN, xylNC, PMe3, PPh3) were found to either transmetallate with or bind various di- and trinuclear clusters. The solution-phase dynamic behaviors of these species were studied through NMR spectroscopic investigations, and an in-depth study of the trinuclear systems revealed a rate dependence on the identity of the supporting ligand, indicating that ligand dissociation reactions were involved in the dynamic exchange processes. Synthetic investigations further found methods for the purposeful interconversion between the di- and trinuclear systems as well as the synthesis of a pseudotetrahedral tetracopper complex with two μ-Ph supporting ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuran Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Ryan P Murphy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Michael R Gau
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Patrick J Carroll
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Neil C Tomson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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Yoshimura A, Zhdankin VV. Recent Progress in Synthetic Applications of Hypervalent Iodine(III) Reagents. Chem Rev 2024. [PMID: 39269928 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/15/2024]
Abstract
Hypervalent iodine(III) compounds have found wide application in modern organic chemistry as environmentally friendly reagents and catalysts. Hypervalent iodine reagents are commonly used in synthetically important halogenations, oxidations, aminations, heterocyclizations, and various oxidative functionalizations of organic substrates. Iodonium salts are important arylating reagents, while iodonium ylides and imides are excellent carbene and nitrene precursors. Various derivatives of benziodoxoles, such as azidobenziodoxoles, trifluoromethylbenziodoxoles, alkynylbenziodoxoles, and alkenylbenziodoxoles have found wide application as group transfer reagents in the presence of transition metal catalysts, under metal-free conditions, or using photocatalysts under photoirradiation conditions. Development of hypervalent iodine catalytic systems and discovery of highly enantioselective reactions using chiral hypervalent iodine compounds represent a particularly important recent achievement in the field of hypervalent iodine chemistry. Chemical transformations promoted by hypervalent iodine in many cases are unique and cannot be performed by using any other common, non-iodine-based reagent. This review covers literature published mainly in the last 7-8 years, between 2016 and 2024.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Yoshimura
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aomori University, 2-3-1 Kobata, Aomori 030-0943, Japan
| | - Viktor V Zhdankin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Minnesota Duluth, Duluth, Minnesota 55812, United States
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See M, Ríos P, Tilley TD. Diborane Reductions of CO 2 and CS 2 Mediated by Dicopper μ-Boryl Complexes of a Robust Bis(phosphino)-1,8-naphthyridine Ligand. Organometallics 2024; 43:1180-1189. [PMID: 38817536 PMCID: PMC11134609 DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.4c00122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
A dinucleating 1,8-naphthyridine ligand featuring fluorene-9,9-diyl-linked phosphino side arms (PNNPFlu) was synthesized and used to obtain the cationic dicopper complexes 2, [(PNNPFlu)Cu2(μ-Ph)][NTf2]; [NTf2] = bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonimide, 6, [(PNNPFlu)Cu2(μ-CCPh)][NTf2], and 3, [(PNNPFlu)Cu2(μ-OtBu)][NTf2]. Complex 3 reacted with diboranes to afford dicopper μ-boryl species (4, with μ-Bcat; cat = catecholate and 5, with μ-Bpin; pin = pinacolate) that are more reactive in C(sp)-H bond activations and toward activations of CO2 and CS2, compared to dicopper μ-boryl complexes supported by a 1,8-naphthyridine-based ligand with di(pyridyl) side arms. The solid-state structures and DFT analysis indicate that the higher reactivities of 4 and 5 relate to changes in the coordination sphere of copper, rather than to perturbations on the Cu-B bonding interactions. Addition of xylyl isocyanide (CNXyl) to 4 gave 7, [(PNNPFlu)Cu2(μ-Bcat)(CNXyl)][NTf2], demonstrating that the lower coordination number at copper is chemically significant. Reactions of 4 and 5 with CO2 yielded the corresponding dicopper borate complexes (8, [(PNNPFlu)Cu2(μ-OBcat)][NTf2]; 9, [(PNNPFlu)Cu2(μ-OBpin)][NTf2]), with 4 demonstrating catalytic reduction in the presence of excess diborane. Related reactions of 4 and 5 with CS2 provided insertion products 10, {[(PNNPFlu)Cu2]2[μ-S2C(Bcat)2]}[NTf2]2, and 11, [(PNNPFlu)Cu2(μ,κ2-S2CBpin)][NTf2], respectively. These products feature Cu-S-C-B linkages analogous to those of proposed CO2 insertion intermediate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew
S. See
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California,
Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Chemical
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Pablo Ríos
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California,
Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Instituto
de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Departamento de Química
Inorgánica, Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada
(ORFEO−CINQA), CSIC and Universidad
de Sevilla, Sevilla 41092, Spain
| | - T. Don Tilley
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California,
Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Chemical
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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Ríos P, See MS, Handford RC, Cooper JK, Don Tilley T. Tetracopper σ-Bound μ-Acetylide and -Diyne Units Stabilized by a Naphthyridine-based Dinucleating Ligand. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202310307. [PMID: 37705304 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202310307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Reactions of a dicopper(I) tert-butoxide complex with alkynes possessing boryl or silyl capping groups resulted in formation of unprecedented tetracopper(I) μ-acetylide/diyne complexes that were characterized by NMR and UV/Vis spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. These compounds possess an unusual μ4 -η1 :η1 :η1 :η1 coordination mode for the bridging organic fragment, enforced by the rigid and dinucleating nature of the ligand utilized. Thus, the central π system remains unperturbed and accessible for subsequent reactivity and modification. This has been corroborated by addition of a fifth copper atom, giving rise to a pentacopper acetylide complex. This work may provide a new approach by which metal-metal cooperativity can be exploited in the transformation of acetylide and diyne groups to a variety of substrates, or as a starting point for the controlled synthesis of copper(I) alkyne-containing clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Ríos
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), CSIC and Universidad de Sevilla, 41092, Sevilla, Spain
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, USA
| | - Matthew S See
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, USA
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Rex C Handford
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, USA
| | - Jason K Cooper
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - T Don Tilley
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, USA
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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Ríos P, See MS, Handford RC, Teat SJ, Tilley TD. Robust dicopper(i) μ-boryl complexes supported by a dinucleating naphthyridine-based ligand. Chem Sci 2022; 13:6619-6625. [PMID: 35756530 PMCID: PMC9172574 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc00848c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Copper boryl species have been widely invoked as reactive intermediates in Cu-catalysed C–H borylation reactions, but their isolation and study have been challenging. Use of the robust dinucleating ligand DPFN (2,7-bis(fluoro-di(2-pyridyl)methyl)-1,8-naphthyridine) allowed for the isolation of two very thermally stable dicopper(i) boryl complexes, [(DPFN)Cu2(μ-Bpin)][NTf2] (2) and [(DPFN)Cu2(μ-Bcat)][NTf2] (4) (pin = 2,3-dimethylbutane-2,3-diol; cat = benzene-1,2-diol). These complexes were prepared by cleavage of the corresponding diborane via reaction with the alkoxide [(DPFN)Cu2(μ-OtBu)][NTf2] (3). Reactivity studies illustrated the exceptional stability of these boryl complexes (thermal stability in solution up to 100 °C) and their role in the activation of C(sp)–H bonds. X-ray diffraction and computational studies provide a detailed description of the bonding and electronic structures in these complexes, and suggest that the dinucleating character of the naphthyridine-based ligand is largely responsible for their remarkable stability. Cu(i) boryl species have been widely invoked as reactive intermediates in Cu-catalysed C–H borylations, but their isolation has been challenging. In this work, thermally robust dicopper(I) boryl complexes have been synthesized and studied in detail.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Ríos
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley USA
| | - Matthew S See
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley USA
| | - Rex C Handford
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley USA
| | - Simon J Teat
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley CA 94720-1460 USA
| | - T Don Tilley
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley USA
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Wang W, Li JZ, Luo SJ, Yao ZX, Liu KG. Comparative study of the electrocatalytic N2 reduction property of a Cu4 cluster with μ2-/μ3-OH and a Cu2 complex with μ2-OH. Inorganica Chim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2022.120809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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