1
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Zhao TY, Greenstein EP, Peczak IL, Poeppelmeier KR, Perras FA. Observing the Surface Termination of LaScO 3 Perovskite Using Solid-State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:23487-23496. [PMID: 39112441 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c07055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/22/2024]
Abstract
Materials with well-defined surfaces are drawing increased attention for the design of bespoke catalysts and nanomaterials. Gaining a detailed understanding of the surfaces of these materials is an important challenge, which is often complicated by surface polymorphism and dynamic restructuring. We introduce the use of surface-enhanced NMR spectroscopy for the observation of such surfaces, focusing on LaScO3 as an example. We show that double-resonance NMR experiments correlating surface oxygen and probe molecules to the 139La and 45Sc nuclei at the surface reveal the material to be terminated by a ScOx monolayer. Surface-selective 17O and 45Sc NMR experiments further showed the material to be hydroxyl terminated and that the surface may be prone to dynamic restructuring as a result of moisture exposure. Perhaps most interestingly, surface-selective 139La NMR experiments revealed the existence of previously undetected surface lanthanum defects, suggesting that surface-enhanced NMR may be useful as a guide in the synthesis of defect-free surfaces in the design of various nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommy Yunpu Zhao
- Chemical and Biological Sciences Division, Ames National Laboratory, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Emily P Greenstein
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Ian L Peczak
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Kenneth R Poeppelmeier
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Frédéric A Perras
- Chemical and Biological Sciences Division, Ames National Laboratory, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
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2
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Sarkar D, Stelmakh A, Karmakar A, Aebli M, Krieg F, Bhattacharya A, Pawsey S, Kovalenko MV, Michaelis VK. Surface Structure of Lecithin-Capped Cesium Lead Halide Perovskite Nanocrystals Using Solid-State and Dynamic Nuclear Polarization NMR Spectroscopy. ACS NANO 2024; 18:21894-21910. [PMID: 39110153 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c02057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/21/2024]
Abstract
Inorganic colloidal cesium lead halide perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) encapsulated by surface capping ligands exhibit tremendous potential in optoelectronic applications, with their surface structure playing a pivotal role in enhancing their photophysical properties. Soy lecithin, a tightly binding zwitterionic surface-capping ligand, has recently facilitated the high-yield synthesis of stable ultraconcentrated and ultradilute colloids of CsPbX3 NCs, unlocking a myriad of potential device applications. However, the atomic-level understanding of the ligand-terminated surface structure remains uncertain. Herein, we use a versatile solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopic approach, in combination with dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) and atomistic molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, to explore the effect of lecithin on the core-to-surface structures of CsPbX3 (X = Cl or Br) perovskites, sized from micron to nanoscale. Surface-selective (cross-polarization, CP) solid-state and DNP NMR (133Cs and 207Pb) methods were used to differentiate the unique surface and core chemical environments, while the head-groups {trimethylammonium [-N(CH3)3+] and phosphate (-PO4-)} of lecithin were assigned via 1H, 13C, and 31P NMR spectroscopy. A direct approach to determining the surface structure by capitalizing on the unique heteronuclear dipolar couplings between the lecithin ligand (1H and 31P) and the surface of the CsPbCl3 NCs (133Cs and 207Pb) is demonstrated. The 1H-133Cs heteronuclear correlation (HETCOR) DNP NMR indicates an abundance of Cs on the NC surface and an intimate proximity of the -N(CH3)3+ groups to the surface and subsurface 133Cs atoms, supported by 1H{133Cs} rotational-echo double-resonance (REDOR) NMR spectroscopy. Moreover, the 1H-31P{207Pb} CP REDOR dephasing curve provides average internuclear distance information that allows assessment of -PO4- groups binding to the subsurface Pb atoms. Atomistic MD simulations of ligand-capped CsPbCl3 surfaces aid in the interpretation of this information and suggest that ligand -N(CH3)3+ and -PO4- head-groups substitute Cs+ and Cl- ions, respectively, at the CsCl-terminated surface of the NCs. These detailed atomistic insights into surface structures can further guide the engineering of various relevant surface-capping zwitterionic ligands for diverse metal halide perovskite NCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diganta Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Andriy Stelmakh
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5, Zurich CH-8093, Switzerland
- Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, Dübendorf CH-8600, Switzerland
| | - Abhoy Karmakar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Marcel Aebli
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5, Zurich CH-8093, Switzerland
- Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, Dübendorf CH-8600, Switzerland
| | - Franziska Krieg
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5, Zurich CH-8093, Switzerland
- Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, Dübendorf CH-8600, Switzerland
| | - Amit Bhattacharya
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Shane Pawsey
- Bruker BioSpin Corporation, Billerica, Massachusetts 01821, United States
| | - Maksym V Kovalenko
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5, Zurich CH-8093, Switzerland
- Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, Dübendorf CH-8600, Switzerland
| | - Vladimir K Michaelis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
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3
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Chatterjee S, Venkatesh A, Sigurdsson ST, Mentink-Vigier F. Role of Protons in and around Strongly Coupled Nitroxide Biradicals for Cross-Effect Dynamic Nuclear Polarization. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:2160-2168. [PMID: 38364262 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c03472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
In magic angle spinning dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP), biradicals such as bis-nitroxides are used to hyperpolarize protons under microwave irradiation through the cross-effect mechanism. This mechanism relies on electron-electron spin interactions (dipolar coupling and exchange interaction) and electron-nuclear spin interactions (hyperfine coupling) to hyperpolarize the protons surrounding the biradical. This hyperpolarization is then transferred to the bulk sample via nuclear spin diffusion. However, the involvement of the protons in the biradical in the cross-effect DNP process has been under debate. In this work, we address this question by exploring the hyperpolarization pathways in and around bis-nitroxides. We demonstrate that for biradicals with strong electron-electron interactions, as in the case of the AsymPols, the protons on the biradical may not be necessary to quickly generate hyperpolarization. Instead, such biradicals can efficiently, and directly, polarize the surrounding protons of the solvent. The findings should impact the design of the next generation of biradicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satyaki Chatterjee
- University of Iceland, Department of Chemistry, Science Institute, Dunhaga 3, 107 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Amrit Venkatesh
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, 1800 East Paul Dirac Drive, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
| | - Snorri Th Sigurdsson
- University of Iceland, Department of Chemistry, Science Institute, Dunhaga 3, 107 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Frédéric Mentink-Vigier
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, 1800 East Paul Dirac Drive, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
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4
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Venkatesh A, Casano G, Wei R, Rao Y, Lingua H, Karoui H, Yulikov M, Ouari O, Emsley L. Rational Design of Dinitroxide Polarizing Agents for Dynamic Nuclear Polarization to Enhance Overall NMR Sensitivity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202317337. [PMID: 38193258 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202317337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
We evaluate the overall sensitivity gains provided by a series of eighteen nitroxide biradicals for dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) solid-state NMR at 9.4 T and 100 K, including eight new biradicals. We find that in the best performing group the factors contributing to the overall sensitivity gains, namely the DNP enhancement, the build-up time, and the contribution factor, often compete with each other leading to very similar overall sensitivity across a range of biradicals. NaphPol and HydroPol are found to provide the best overall sensitivity factors, in organic and aqueous solvents respectively. One of the new biradicals, AMUPolCbm, provides high sensitivity for all three solvent formulations measured here, and can be considered to be a "universal" polarizing agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrit Venkatesh
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Current address: National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA
| | - Gilles Casano
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Radicalaire UMR 7273, 13013, Marseille, France
| | - Ran Wei
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Yu Rao
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Hugo Lingua
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Radicalaire UMR 7273, 13013, Marseille, France
| | - Hakim Karoui
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Radicalaire UMR 7273, 13013, Marseille, France
| | - Maxim Yulikov
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, ETH Zürich, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Ouari
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Radicalaire UMR 7273, 13013, Marseille, France
| | - Lyndon Emsley
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
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5
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Cao W, Yakimov A, Qian X, Li J, Peng X, Kong X, Copéret C. Surface Sites and Ligation in Amine-capped CdSe Nanocrystals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202312713. [PMID: 37869935 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202312713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Converting colloidal nanocrystals (NCs) into devices for various applications is facilitated by designing and controlling their surface properties. One key strategy for tailoring surface properties is thus to choose tailored surface ligands. In that context, amines have been universally used, with the goal to improve NCs synthesis, processing and performances. However, understanding the nature of surface sites in amine-capped NCs remains challenging, due to the complex surface compositions as well as surface ligands dynamic. Here, we investigate both surface sites and amine ligation in CdSe NCs by combining advanced NMR spectroscopy and computational modelling. Notably, dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) enhanced 113 Cd and 77 Se 1D NMR helps to identify both bulk and surface sites of NCs, while 113 Cd 2D NMR spectroscopy enables to resolve amines terminated sites on both Se-rich and nonpolar surfaces. In addition to directly bonding to surface sites, amines are shown to also interact through hydrogen-bonding with absorbed water as revealed by 15 N NMR, augmented with computations. The characterization methodology developed for this work provides unique molecular-level insight into the surface sites of a range of amine-capped CdSe NCs, and paves the way to identify structure-function relationships and rational approaches towards colloidal NCs with tailored properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weicheng Cao
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Excited-State Materials of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Alexander Yakimov
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Xudong Qian
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Excited-State Materials of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jiongzhao Li
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Excited-State Materials of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xiaogang Peng
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Excited-State Materials of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xueqian Kong
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Excited-State Materials of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Christophe Copéret
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
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6
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Biswas R, Chen Y, Vela J, Rossini AJ. Relativistic DFT Calculations of Cadmium and Selenium Solid-State NMR Spectra of CdSe Nanocrystal Surfaces. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:44362-44371. [PMID: 38027327 PMCID: PMC10666156 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c07680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Solid-state NMR spectra have been used to probe the structure of CdSe nanocrystals and propose detailed models of their surface structures. Density functional theory (DFT)-optimized cluster models that represent probable molecular structures of carboxylate-coordinated surface sites have been proposed. However, to the best of our knowledge, 113Cd and 77Se chemical shifts have not been calculated for these surface models. We performed relativistic DFT calculations of cadmium and selenium magnetic shielding tensors on model compounds with previously measured solid-state NMR spectra with (i) the four-component Dirac-Kohn-Sham (DKS) Hamiltonian and (ii) the scalar and (iii) spin-orbit levels within the ZORA Hamiltonian. Molecular clusters with Cd and Se sites in varying bonding environments were used to model CdSe (100) and CdSe(111) surfaces capped with carboxylic acid ligands. Our calculations identify the observed 113Cd isotropic chemical shifts δ(iso) of -465, -318, and -146 ppm arising from CdSeO3, CdSe2O2, and CdSe3O surface groups, respectively, with very good agreement with experimental measurements. The 113Cd chemical shifts linearly decrease with the number of O-neighbors. The calculated spans (δ11 - δ33) encompass the experimental values for CdSe3O and CdSe2O2 clusters but are slightly larger than the measured value for CdSeO3 clusters. Relativistic DFT calculations predicted a one-bond 113Cd-77Se scalar coupling of 258 Hz, which is in good agreement with the experimental values of 250 Hz. With a dense coverage of carboxylic acid ligands, the CdSe (100) surface shows a distribution of Cd-Se bond lengths and J-couplings. Relativistic DFT simulations thus aid in interpretation of NMR spectra of CdSe nanocrystals and related nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana Biswas
- U.S.
Department of Energy Ames National Laboratory, Ames, Iowa 50011. United States
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy; Electrical & Computer Engineering; Microelectronics
Research Center, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011. United States
| | - Yunhua Chen
- U.S.
Department of Energy Ames National Laboratory, Ames, Iowa 50011. United States
- Department
of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011. United States
| | - Javier Vela
- U.S.
Department of Energy Ames National Laboratory, Ames, Iowa 50011. United States
- Department
of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011. United States
| | - Aaron J. Rossini
- U.S.
Department of Energy Ames National Laboratory, Ames, Iowa 50011. United States
- Department
of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011. United States
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7
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Arachchi S, Palma SP, Sanders CI, Xu H, Ghosh Biswas R, Soong R, Simpson AJ, Casabianca LB. Binding Between Antibiotics and Polystyrene Nanoparticles Examined by NMR. ACS ENVIRONMENTAL AU 2022; 3:47-55. [PMID: 36691656 PMCID: PMC9856636 DOI: 10.1021/acsenvironau.2c00047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Elucidating the interactions between plastic nanoparticles and small molecules is important to understanding these interactions as they occur in polluted waterways. For example, plastic that breaks down into micro- and nanoscale particles will interact with small molecule pollutants that are also present in contaminated waters. Other components of natural water, such as dissolved organic matter, will also influence these interactions. Here we use a collection of complementary NMR techniques to examine the binding between polystyrene nanoparticles and three common antibiotics, belonging to a class of molecules that are expected to be common in polluted water. Through examination of proton NMR signal intensity, relaxation times, saturation-transfer difference (STD) NMR, and competition STD-NMR, we find that the antibiotics have binding strengths in the order amoxicillin < metronidazole ≪ levofloxacin. Levofloxacin is able to compete for binding sites, preventing the other two antibiotics from binding. The presence of tannic acid disrupts the binding between levofloxacin and the polystyrene nanoparticles, but does not influence the binding between metronidazole and these nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saduni
S. Arachchi
- Department
of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina29634, United States
| | - Stephanie P. Palma
- Department
of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina29634, United States
| | - Charlotte I. Sanders
- Department
of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina29634, United States
| | - Hui Xu
- Department
of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina29634, United States
| | - Rajshree Ghosh Biswas
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, OntarioM1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Ronald Soong
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, OntarioM1C 1A4, Canada
| | - André J. Simpson
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, OntarioM1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Leah B. Casabianca
- Department
of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina29634, United States,
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8
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Fiedler C, Kleinhanns T, Garcia M, Lee S, Calcabrini M, Ibáñez M. Solution-Processed Inorganic Thermoelectric Materials: Opportunities and Challenges. CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS : A PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2022; 34:8471-8489. [PMID: 36248227 PMCID: PMC9558429 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.2c01967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Thermoelectric technology requires synthesizing complex materials where not only the crystal structure but also other structural features such as defects, grain size and orientation, and interfaces must be controlled. To date, conventional solid-state techniques are unable to provide this level of control. Herein, we present a synthetic approach in which dense inorganic thermoelectric materials are produced by the consolidation of well-defined nanoparticle powders. The idea is that controlling the characteristics of the powder allows the chemical transformations that take place during consolidation to be guided, ultimately yielding inorganic solids with targeted features. Different from conventional methods, syntheses in solution can produce particles with unprecedented control over their size, shape, crystal structure, composition, and surface chemistry. However, to date, most works have focused only on the low-cost benefits of this strategy. In this perspective, we first cover the opportunities that solution processing of the powder offers, emphasizing the potential structural features that can be controlled by precisely engineering the inorganic core of the particle, the surface, and the organization of the particles before consolidation. We then discuss the challenges of this synthetic approach and more practical matters related to solution processing. Finally, we suggest some good practices for adequate knowledge transfer and improving reproducibility among different laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Fiedler
- Institute
of Science and Technology Austria (ISTA), Am Campus 1, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Tobias Kleinhanns
- Institute
of Science and Technology Austria (ISTA), Am Campus 1, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Maria Garcia
- Institute
of Science and Technology Austria (ISTA), Am Campus 1, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Seungho Lee
- Institute
of Science and Technology Austria (ISTA), Am Campus 1, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Mariano Calcabrini
- Institute
of Science and Technology Austria (ISTA), Am Campus 1, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Maria Ibáñez
- Institute
of Science and Technology Austria (ISTA), Am Campus 1, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
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9
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Bulk and Nanoscale Semiconducting Materials: Structural Advances Using Solid-state NMR Spectroscopy. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cocis.2022.101631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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10
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Roth AN, Chen Y, Adamson MAS, Gi E, Wagner M, Rossini AJ, Vela J. Alkaline-Earth Chalcogenide Nanocrystals: Solution-Phase Synthesis, Surface Chemistry, and Stability. ACS NANO 2022; 16:12024-12035. [PMID: 35849721 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c02116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Increasing demand for effective energy conversion materials and devices has renewed interest in semiconductors comprised of earth-abundant and biocompatible elements. Alkaline-earth sulfides doped with rare earth ions are versatile optical materials. However, relatively little is known about controlling the dimensionality, surface chemistry, and inherent optical properties of the undoped versions of alkaline-earth mono- and polychalcogenides. We describe the colloidal synthesis of alkaline-earth chalcogenide nanocrystals through the reaction of metal carboxylates with carbon disulfide or selenourea. Systematic exploration of the synthetic phase space allows us to tune particle sizes over a wide range using a mixture of commercially available carboxylate precursors. Solid-state NMR spectroscopy confirms the phase purity of the selenide compositions. Surface characterization reveals that bridging carboxylates and amines preferentially terminate the surface of the nanocrystals. While these materials are colloidally stable in the mother solution, the selenides are susceptible to oxidation over time, eventually degrading to selenium metal through polyselenide intermediates. As part of these investigations, we have developed the colloidal syntheses of barium di- and triselenides, two among few reported nanocrystalline alkaline-earth polychalcogenides. Electronic structure calculations reveal that both materials are indirect band gap semiconductors. The colloidal chemistry presented here may enable the synthesis of more complex, multinary chalcogenide materials containing alkaline-earth elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison N Roth
- US DOE Ames Laboratory, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Yunhua Chen
- US DOE Ames Laboratory, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Marquix A S Adamson
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Eunbyeol Gi
- US DOE Ames Laboratory, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Molly Wagner
- US DOE Ames Laboratory, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Aaron J Rossini
- US DOE Ames Laboratory, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Javier Vela
- US DOE Ames Laboratory, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
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11
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Deblock L, Goossens E, Pokratath R, De Buysser K, De Roo J. Mapping out the Aqueous Surface Chemistry of Metal Oxide Nanocrystals: Carboxylate, Phosphonate, and Catecholate Ligands. JACS AU 2022; 2:711-722. [PMID: 35373200 PMCID: PMC8969999 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.1c00565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Iron oxide and hafnium oxide nanocrystals are two of the few successful examples of inorganic nanocrystals used in a clinical setting. Although crucial to their application, their aqueous surface chemistry is not fully understood. The literature contains conflicting reports regarding the optimum binding group. To alleviate these inconsistencies, we set out to systematically investigate the interaction of carboxylic acids, phosphonic acids, and catechols to metal oxide nanocrystals in polar media. Using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and dynamic light scattering, we map out the pH-dependent binding affinity of the ligands toward hafnium oxide nanocrystals (an NMR-compatible model system). Carboxylic acids easily desorb in water from the surface and only provide limited colloidal stability from pH 2 to pH 6. Phosphonic acids, on the other hand, provide colloidal stability over a broader pH range but also feature a pH-dependent desorption from the surface. They are most suited for acidic to neutral environments (pH <8). Finally, nitrocatechol derivatives provide a tightly bound ligand shell and colloidal stability at physiological and basic pH (6-10). Whereas dynamically bound ligands (carboxylates and phosphonates) do not provide colloidal stability in phosphate-buffered saline, the tightly bound nitrocatechols provide long-term stability. We thus shed light on the complex ligand binding dynamics on metal oxide nanocrystals in aqueous environments. Finally, we provide a practical colloidal stability map, guiding researchers to rationally design ligands for their desired application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loren Deblock
- Department
of Chemistry, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Basel, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Eline Goossens
- Department
of Chemistry, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Rohan Pokratath
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Basel, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Jonathan De Roo
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Basel, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
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12
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Segura Lecina O, Hope MA, Venkatesh A, Björgvinsdóttir S, Rossi K, Loiudice A, Emsley L, Buonsanti R. Colloidal-ALD-Grown Hybrid Shells Nucleate via a Ligand-Precursor Complex. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:3998-4008. [PMID: 35195415 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c12538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Colloidal atomic layer deposition (c-ALD) enables the growth of hybrid organic-inorganic oxide shells with tunable thickness at the nanometer scale around ligand-functionalized inorganic nanoparticles (NPs). This recently developed method has demonstrated improved stability of NPs and of their dispersions, a key requirement for their application. Nevertheless, the mechanism by which the inorganic shells form is still unknown, as is the nature of multiple complex interfaces between the NPs, the organic ligands functionalizing the surface, and the shell. Here, we demonstrate that carboxylate ligands are the key element that enables the synthesis of these core-shell structures. Dynamic nuclear polarization surface-enhanced nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (DNP SENS) in combination with density functional theory (DFT) structure calculations shows that the addition of the aluminum organometallic precursor forms a ligand-precursor complex that interacts with the NP surface. This ligand-precursor complex is the first step for the nucleation of the shell and enables its further growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ona Segura Lecina
- Laboratory of Nanochemistry for Energy, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1950 Sion, Switzerland
| | - Michael A Hope
- Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Amrit Venkatesh
- Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Snædís Björgvinsdóttir
- Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kevin Rossi
- Laboratory of Nanochemistry for Energy, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1950 Sion, Switzerland
| | - Anna Loiudice
- Laboratory of Nanochemistry for Energy, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1950 Sion, Switzerland
| | - Lyndon Emsley
- Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Raffaella Buonsanti
- Laboratory of Nanochemistry for Energy, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1950 Sion, Switzerland
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13
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Greytak AB, Abiodun SL, Burrell JM, Cook EN, Jayaweera NP, Islam MM, Shaker AE. Thermodynamics of nanocrystal–ligand binding through isothermal titration calorimetry. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:13037-13058. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cc05012a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Manipulations of nanocrystal (NC) surfaces have propelled the applications of colloidal NCs across various fields such as bioimaging, catalysis, electronics, and sensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew B. Greytak
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | - Sakiru L. Abiodun
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | - Jennii M. Burrell
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | - Emily N. Cook
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | - Nuwanthaka P. Jayaweera
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | - Md Moinul Islam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | - Abdulla E Shaker
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
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14
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Perras FA, Kanbur U, Paterson AL, Chatterjee P, Slowing II, Sadow AD. Determining the Three-Dimensional Structures of Silica-Supported Metal Complexes from the Ground Up. Inorg Chem 2021; 61:1067-1078. [PMID: 34962783 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c03200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The immobilization of molecularly precise metal complexes to substrates, such as silica, provides an attractive platform for the design of active sites in heterogeneous catalysts. Specific steric and electronic variations of the ligand environment enable the development of structure-activity relationships and the knowledge-driven design of catalysts. At present, however, the three-dimensional environment of the precatalyst, much less the active site, is generally not known for heterogeneous single-site catalysts. We explored the degree to which NMR-based surface-to-complex interatomic distances could be used to solve the three-dimensional structures of three silica-supported metal complexes. The structure solution revealed unexpected features related to the environment around the metal that would be difficult to discern otherwise. This approach appears to be highly robust and, due to its simplicity, is readily applied to most single-site catalysts with little extra effort.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Uddhav Kanbur
- US DOE, Ames Laboratory, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | | | - Puranjan Chatterjee
- US DOE, Ames Laboratory, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Igor I Slowing
- US DOE, Ames Laboratory, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Aaron D Sadow
- US DOE, Ames Laboratory, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
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15
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Baek W, Chang H, Bootharaju MS, Kim JH, Park S, Hyeon T. Recent Advances and Prospects in Colloidal Nanomaterials. JACS AU 2021; 1:1849-1859. [PMID: 34841404 PMCID: PMC8611664 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.1c00339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal nanomaterials of metals, metal oxides, and metal chalcogenides have attracted great attention in the past decade owing to their potential applications in optoelectronics, catalysis, and energy conversion. Introduction of various synthetic routes has resulted in diverse colloidal nanostructured materials with well-controlled size, shape, and composition, enabling the systematic study of their intriguing physicochemical, optoelectronic, and chemical properties. Furthermore, developments in the instrumentation have offered valuable insights into the nucleation and growth mechanism of these nanomaterials, which are crucial in designing prospective materials with desired properties. In this perspective, recent advances in the colloidal synthesis and mechanism studies of nanomaterials of metal chalcogenides, metals, and metal oxides are discussed. In addition, challenges in the characterization and future direction of the colloidal nanomaterials are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woonhyuk Baek
- Center
for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for
Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- School
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Institute of Chemical
Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hogeun Chang
- Center
for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for
Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- School
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Institute of Chemical
Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Megalamane S. Bootharaju
- Center
for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for
Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- School
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Institute of Chemical
Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Hyun Kim
- Center
for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for
Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- School
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Institute of Chemical
Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungjun Park
- Center
for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for
Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- School
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Institute of Chemical
Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Taeghwan Hyeon
- Center
for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for
Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- School
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Institute of Chemical
Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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