1
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Liu XR, Cui PF, García-Rodeja Y, Solà M, Jin GX. Formation and reactivity of a unique M⋯C-H interaction stabilized by carborane cages. Chem Sci 2024; 15:9274-9280. [PMID: 38903214 PMCID: PMC11186334 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc01158a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Broadening carborane applications has consistently been the goal of chemists in this field. Herein, compared to alkyl or aryl groups, a carborane cage demonstrates an advantage in stabilizing a unique bonding interaction: M⋯C-H interaction. Experimental results and theoretical calculations have revealed the characteristic of this two-center, two-electron bonding interaction, in which the carbon atom in the arene ring provides two electrons to the metal center. The reduced aromaticity of the benzene moiety, long distance between the metal and carbon atom in arene, and the upfield shift of the signal of M⋯C-H in the nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum distinguished this interaction from metal⋯C π interaction and metal-C(H) σ bonds. Control experiments demonstrate the unique electronic effects of carborane in stabilizing the M⋯C-H bonding interaction in organometallic chemistry. Furthermore, the M⋯C-H interaction can convert into C-H bond metallization under acidic conditions or via treatment with t-butyl isocyanide. These findings deepen our understanding regarding the interactions between metal centers and carbon atoms and provide new opportunities for the use of carboranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Ran Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University 2005 Songhu Road Shanghai 200433 P. R. China
| | - Peng-Fei Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University 2005 Songhu Road Shanghai 200433 P. R. China
| | - Yago García-Rodeja
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi, Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona C/Maria Aurèlia Capmany, 69 17003 Girona Spain
| | - Miquel Solà
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi, Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona C/Maria Aurèlia Capmany, 69 17003 Girona Spain
| | - Guo-Xin Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University 2005 Songhu Road Shanghai 200433 P. R. China
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2
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Kim S, Treacy JW, Nelson YA, Gonzalez JAM, Gembicky M, Houk KN, Spokoyny AM. Arene C-H borylation strategy enabled by a non-classical boron cluster-based electrophile. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1671. [PMID: 36966132 PMCID: PMC10039867 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37258-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Introducing a tri-coordinate boron-based functional group (e.g., boronic ester) into an unactivated C-H bond in the absence of directing groups is an ongoing challenge in synthetic chemistry. Despite previous developments in transition metal-catalyzed and -free approaches, C-H borylation of sterically hindered arenes remains a largely unsolved problem to date. Here, we report a synthetic strategy of a two-step, precious metal-free electrophilic C-H borylation of sterically hindered alkyl- and haloarenes to generate aryl boronic esters. The first step relies on electrophilic aromatic substitution (EAS) induced by cage-opening of Cs2[closo-B10H10], forming a 6-Ar-nido-B10H13 product containing a B-C bond, followed by a cage deconstruction of arylated decaboranes promoted by diols. The combination of these two steps allows for the preparation of aryl boronic esters that are hardly accessible by current direct C-H borylation approaches. This reaction does not require any precious metals, highly-engineered ligands, pre-functionalized boron reagents, or inert conditions. In addition, the unique properties of a non-classical boron cluster electrophile intermediate, B10H13+, afford a regioselectivity with unique steric and electronic control without the undesirable side reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangmin Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Joseph W Treacy
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Yessica A Nelson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Jordan A M Gonzalez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Milan Gembicky
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - K N Houk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Alexander M Spokoyny
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
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3
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Diab M, Jaiswal K, Bawari D, Dobrovetsky R. The Chemistry of [1,1′‐bis(
o‐
Carboranyl)]Borane η
2
‐
σ‐
Silane Adduct. Isr J Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.202300010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohanad Diab
- School of Chemistry Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences Tel Aviv University Department Tel Aviv 69978 Israel
| | - Kuldeep Jaiswal
- School of Chemistry Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences Tel Aviv University Department Tel Aviv 69978 Israel
| | - Deependra Bawari
- School of Chemistry Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences Tel Aviv University Department Tel Aviv 69978 Israel
| | - Roman Dobrovetsky
- School of Chemistry Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences Tel Aviv University Department Tel Aviv 69978 Israel
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4
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Volodarsky S, Malahov I, Bawari D, Diab M, Malik N, Tumanskii B, Dobrovetsky R. Geometrically constrained square pyramidal phosphoranide. Chem Sci 2022; 13:5957-5963. [PMID: 35685804 PMCID: PMC9132080 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc01060g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Geometrical constriction of main group elements leading to a change in the reactivity of these main group centers has recently become an important tool in main group chemistry. A lot of focus on using this modern method is dedicated to group 15 elements and especially to phosphorus. In this work, we present the synthesis, isolation and preliminary reactivity study of the geometrically constrained, square pyramidal (SP) phosphoranide anion (1-). Unlike, trigonal bipyramidal (TBP) phosphoranides that were shown to react as nucleophiles while their redox chemistry was not reported, 1- reacts both as a nucleophile and reductant. The chemical oxidation of 1- leads to a P-P dimer (1-1) that is formed via the dimerization of unstable SP phosphoranyl radical (1˙), an unprecedented decay pathway for phosphoranyl radicals. Reaction of 1- with benzophenone leads via a single electron transfer (SET) to 1-OK and corresponding tetraphenyl epoxide (4).
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Affiliation(s)
- Solomon Volodarsky
- School of Chemistry, Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University Department Tel Aviv 69978 Israel
| | - Irina Malahov
- School of Chemistry, Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University Department Tel Aviv 69978 Israel
| | - Deependra Bawari
- School of Chemistry, Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University Department Tel Aviv 69978 Israel
| | - Mohand Diab
- School of Chemistry, Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University Department Tel Aviv 69978 Israel
| | - Naveen Malik
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science, Weizmann Institute of Science Rehovot 7610001 Israel
| | - Boris Tumanskii
- School of Chemistry, Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University Department Tel Aviv 69978 Israel
| | - Roman Dobrovetsky
- School of Chemistry, Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University Department Tel Aviv 69978 Israel
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5
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Medvedev AG, Grishanov DA, Mikhaylov AA, Churakov AV, Tripol'skaya TA, Ottenbacher RV, Bryliakov KP, Shames AI, Lev O, Prikhodchenko PV. Triphenyllead Hydroperoxide: A 1D Coordination Peroxo Polymer, Single-Crystal-to-Single-Crystal Disproportionation to a Superoxo/Hydroxo Complex, and Application in Catalysis. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:8193-8205. [PMID: 35578736 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c00487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis, transformation, and application in catalysis of triphenyllead hydroperoxide, the first dioxygen lead complex, are described. Triphenyllead hydroperoxide is characterized by 207Pb nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman spectroscopy, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction, revealing the first one-dimensional (1D) coordination peroxo polymer. Photolytic isomorphous transformation of Ph3PbOOH yields a mixed hydroxo/superoxo crystalline structure, the first nonalkali superoxo crystalline metal salt, which is stable up to 100 °C. Upon further photolysis, another isomorphous transformation of the superoxide to hydroxide is observed. These are the first single-crystal-to-single-crystal hydroperoxide-to-superoxide and then to hydroxide transformations reported to date. Photolysis of triphenyllead hydroperoxide yields two forms of superoxide-doped crystalline structures that are distinguished by widely different characteristic relaxation times. The use of Ph3PbOOH as an easy-to-handle solid two-electron oxidant for the highly enantioselective epoxidation of olefins is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander G Medvedev
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Dmitry A Grishanov
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation.,Casali Center of Applied Chemistry, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Alexey A Mikhaylov
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Andrei V Churakov
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Tatiana A Tripol'skaya
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Roman V Ottenbacher
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis, Pr. Lavrentieva 5, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
| | - Konstantin P Bryliakov
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis, Pr. Lavrentieva 5, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander I Shames
- Department of Physics, Ben-Gurion University of Negev, Be'er-Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Ovadia Lev
- Casali Center of Applied Chemistry, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Petr V Prikhodchenko
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
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6
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Mills HA, Alsarhan F, Ong TC, Gembicky M, Rheingold AL, Spokoyny AM. Icosahedral m-Carboranes Containing Exopolyhedral B-Se and B-Te Bonds. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:19165-19174. [PMID: 34855370 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c02981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Chalcogen-containing carboranes have been known for several decades and possess stable exopolyhedral B(9)-Se and B(9)-Te σ bonds despite the electron-donating ability of the B(9) vertex. While these molecules are known, little has been done to thoroughly evaluate their electrophilic and nucleophilic behavior. Herein, we report an assessment of the electrophilic reactivity of m-carboranylselenyl(II), -tellurenyl(II), and -tellurenyl(IV) chlorides and establish their reactivity pattern with Grignard reagents, alkenes, alkynes, enolates, and electron-rich arenes. These electrophilic reactions afford unique electron-rich B-Y-C (Y = Se, Te) bonding motifs not commonly found before. Furthermore, we show that m-carboranylselenolate, and even m-carboranyltellurolate, can be competent nucleophiles and participate in nucleophilic aromatic substitution reactions. Arene substitution chemistry is shown to be further extended to electron-rich species via palladium-mediated cross-coupling chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harrison A Mills
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Fadi Alsarhan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Ta-Chung Ong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Milan Gembicky
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Arnold L Rheingold
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Alexander M Spokoyny
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States.,California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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7
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Cao HJ, Wei X, Sun F, Zhang X, Lu C, Yan H. Metal-catalyzed B-H acylmethylation of pyridylcarboranes: access to carborane-fused indoliziniums and quinoliziniums. Chem Sci 2021; 12:15563-15571. [PMID: 35003585 PMCID: PMC8654026 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc05296a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Metal-catalyzed mono-acylmethylation of pyridylcarboranes has been realized using α-carbonyl sulfoxonium ylides as a coupling partner. The reaction features high efficiency, excellent site-selectivity and good functional group tolerance. In the presence of pyridyl and enolizable acylmethyl groups, a post-coordination mode has been proposed and validated by in situ high resolution mass spectroscopy (HRMS) to rationalize the unique mono-substitution. Post-functionalization at the newly incorporated alkyl site provides additional utility of this method, including the construction of carborane-fused indoliziniums and quinoliziniums. We believe that these mono-alkylated carboranes, together with their post-functionalized derivatives, may find applications in luminescent materials and drug discovery in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hou-Ji Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing Jiangsu 210023 P. R. China
| | - Xing Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing Jiangsu 210023 P. R. China
| | - Fangxiang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing Jiangsu 210023 P. R. China
| | - Xiaolei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing Jiangsu 210023 P. R. China
| | - Changsheng Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing Jiangsu 210023 P. R. China
| | - Hong Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing Jiangsu 210023 P. R. China
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