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Le LN, Joyce JP, Oyala PH, DeBeer S, Agapie T. Highly Activated Terminal Carbon Monoxide Ligand in an Iron-Sulfur Cluster Model of FeMco with Intermediate Local Spin State at Fe. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:5045-5050. [PMID: 38358932 PMCID: PMC10910499 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c12025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Nitrogenases, the enzymes that convert N2 to NH3, also catalyze the reductive coupling of CO to yield hydrocarbons. CO-coordinated species of nitrogenase clusters have been isolated and used to infer mechanistic information. However, synthetic FeS clusters displaying CO ligands remain rare, which limits benchmarking. Starting from a synthetic cluster that models a cubane portion of the FeMo cofactor (FeMoco), including a bridging carbyne ligand, we report a heterometallic tungsten-iron-sulfur cluster with a single terminal CO coordination in two oxidation states with a high level of CO activation (νCO = 1851 and 1751 cm-1). The local Fe coordination environment (2S, 1C, 1CO) is identical to that in the protein making this system a suitable benchmark. Computational studies find an unusual intermediate spin electronic configuration at the Fe sites promoted by the presence the carbyne ligand. This electronic feature is partly responsible for the high degree of CO activation in the reduced cluster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linh N.
V. Le
- Division
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California
Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Justin P. Joyce
- Max
Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstraße 34-36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Paul H. Oyala
- Division
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California
Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Serena DeBeer
- Max
Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstraße 34-36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Theodor Agapie
- Division
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California
Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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2
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Landaeta VR, Horsley Downie TM, Wolf R. Low-Valent Transition Metalate Anions in Synthesis, Small Molecule Activation, and Catalysis. Chem Rev 2024; 124:1323-1463. [PMID: 38354371 PMCID: PMC10906008 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
This review surveys the synthesis and reactivity of low-oxidation state metalate anions of the d-block elements, with an emphasis on contributions reported between 2006 and 2022. Although the field has a long and rich history, the chemistry of transition metalate anions has been greatly enhanced in the last 15 years by the application of advanced concepts in complex synthesis and ligand design. In recent years, the potential of highly reactive metalate complexes in the fields of small molecule activation and homogeneous catalysis has become increasingly evident. Consequently, exciting applications in small molecule activation have been developed, including in catalytic transformations. This article intends to guide the reader through the fascinating world of low-valent transition metalates. The first part of the review describes the synthesis and reactivity of d-block metalates stabilized by an assortment of ligand frameworks, including carbonyls, isocyanides, alkenes and polyarenes, phosphines and phosphorus heterocycles, amides, and redox-active nitrogen-based ligands. Thereby, the reader will be familiarized with the impact of different ligand types on the physical and chemical properties of metalates. In addition, ion-pairing interactions and metal-metal bonding may have a dramatic influence on metalate structures and reactivities. The complex ramifications of these effects are examined in a separate section. The second part of the review is devoted to the reactivity of the metalates toward small inorganic molecules such as H2, N2, CO, CO2, P4 and related species. It is shown that the use of highly electron-rich and reactive metalates in small molecule activation translates into impressive catalytic properties in the hydrogenation of organic molecules and the reduction of N2, CO, and CO2. The results discussed in this review illustrate that the potential of transition metalate anions is increasingly being tapped for challenging catalytic processes with relevance to organic synthesis and energy conversion. Therefore, it is hoped that this review will serve as a useful resource to inspire further developments in this dynamic research field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Robert Wolf
- University of Regensburg, Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
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3
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Inglis CM, Manzano RA, Kirk RM, Sharma M, Stewart MD, Watson LJ, Hill AF. Poly(imidazolyliden-yl)borato Complexes of Tungsten: Mapping Steric vs. Electronic Features of Facially Coordinating Ligands. Molecules 2023; 28:7761. [PMID: 38067496 PMCID: PMC10798377 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28237761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
A convenient synthesis of [HB(HImMe)3](PF6)2 (ImMe = N-methylimidazolyl) is decribed. This salt serves in situ as a precursor to the tris(imidazolylidenyl)borate Li[HB(ImMe)3] pro-ligand upon deprotonation with nBuLi. Reaction with [W(≡CC6H4Me-4)(CO)2(pic)2(Br)] (pic = 4-picoline) affords the carbyne complex [W(≡CC6H4Me-4)(CO)2{HB(ImMe)3}]. Interrogation of experimental and computational data for this compound allow a ranking of familiar tripodal and facially coordinating ligands according to steric (percentage buried volume) and electronic (νCO) properties. The reaction of [W(≡CC6H4Me-4)(CO)2{HB(ImMe)3}] with [AuCl(SMe2)] affords the heterobimetallic semi-bridging carbyne complex [WAu(μ-CC6H4Me-4)(CO)2(Cl){HB(ImMe)3}].
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Anthony F. Hill
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
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Shimamoto K, Sunada Y. Metalation-Induced Denitrogenative Reductive Coupling of Isocyanides on a Silylene-Bridged Nickel Cluster. Chem Sci 2022; 13:4115-4121. [PMID: 35440996 PMCID: PMC8985577 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc06935g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The denitrogenative reductive coupling of two molecules of CNtBu to afford a disilylketenimine with an aza-disilacyclobutane skeleton was achieved on a multinuclear silylene-bridged Ni cluster framework in the absence of...
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Affiliation(s)
- Kento Shimamoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo 4-6-1, Komaba Meguro-ku Tokyo 153-8505 Japan
| | - Yusuke Sunada
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo 4-6-1, Komaba Meguro-ku Tokyo 153-8505 Japan
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo 4-6-1, Komaba Meguro-ku Tokyo 153-8505 Japan
- JST PRESTO Honcho Kawaguchi Saitama 332-0012 Japan
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Conradie J, Alemayehu AB, Ghosh A. Iridium(VII)-Corrole Terminal Carbides Should Exist as Stable Compounds. ACS ORGANIC & INORGANIC AU 2021; 2:159-163. [PMID: 36855452 PMCID: PMC9955125 DOI: 10.1021/acsorginorgau.1c00029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Scalar-relativistic DFT calculations with multiple exchange-correlation functionals and large basis sets foreshadow the existence of stable iridium(VII)-corrole terminal carbide derivatives. For the parent compound Ir[Cor](C), OLYP/STO-TZ2P calculations predict a short Ir-C bond distance of 1.69 Å, a moderately domed macrocycle with no indications of ligand noninnocence, a surprisingly low electron affinity of ∼1.1 eV, and a substantial singlet-triplet gap of ∼1.8 eV. These results, and their essential invariance with respect to the choice of the exchange-correlation functional, lead us to posit that Ir(VII)-corrole terminal carbide complexes should be isolable and indefinitely stable under ambient conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanet Conradie
- Department
of Chemistry, UiT The Arctic University
of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway,Department
of Chemistry, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, Republic of South Africa
| | - Abraham B. Alemayehu
- Department
of Chemistry, UiT The Arctic University
of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Abhik Ghosh
- Department
of Chemistry, UiT The Arctic University
of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway,
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Abstract
Carbide complexes remain a rare class of molecules. Their paucity does not reflect exceptional instability but is rather due to the generally narrow scope of synthetic procedures for constructing carbide complexes. The preparation of carbide complexes typically revolves around generating LnM-CEx fragments, followed by cleavage of the C-E bonds of the coordinated carbon-based ligands (the alternative being direct C atom transfer). Prime examples involve deoxygenation of carbonyl ligands and deprotonation of methyl ligands, but several other p-block fragments can be cleaved off to afford carbide ligands. This Review outlines synthetic strategies toward terminal carbide complexes, bridging carbide complexes, as well as carbide-carbonyl cluster complexes. It then surveys the reactivity of carbide complexes, covering stoichiometric reactions where the carbide ligands act as C1 reagents, engage in cross-coupling reactions, and enact Fischer-Tropsch-like chemistry; in addition, we discuss carbide complexes in the context of catalysis. Finally, we examine spectroscopic features of carbide complexes, which helps to establish the presence of the carbide functionality and address its electronic structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Reinholdt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jesper Bendix
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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Vazquez-Lima H, Conradie J, Johansen MAL, Martinsen SR, Alemayehu AB, Ghosh A. Heavy-element-ligand covalence: ligand noninnocence in molybdenum and tungsten Viking-helmet Corroles. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:12843-12849. [PMID: 34473174 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt01970h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Extensive DFT calculations with several exchange-correlation functionals indicate that molybdenum-dichlorido Viking helmet corroles are noninnocent with significant MoIV-corrole˙2- character. The effect is mediated by a Mo(4d)-corrole(π) orbital interaction similar to that postulated for MnCl, FeCl and FeNO corroles. The effect also appears to operate in tungsten-dichlorido corroles but is weaker relative to that for Mo. In contrast, MoO triarylcorroles do not exhibit a significant degree of corrole radical character. Furthermore, the Soret absorption maxima of a series of MoCl2 tris(para-X-phenyl)corrole derivatives were found to redshift dramatically with increasing electron-donating character of the para substituent X, essentially clinching the case for a noninnocent macrocycle in MoCl2 corroles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Vazquez-Lima
- Department of Chemistry, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway. .,Centro de Química, Instituto de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Edif. IC9, CU, San Manuel, 72570 Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Jeanet Conradie
- Department of Chemistry, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway. .,Department of Chemistry, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa
| | - Martin A L Johansen
- Department of Chemistry, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway.
| | | | - Abraham B Alemayehu
- Department of Chemistry, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Abhik Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway.
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