1
|
Ouyang X, Hoeksma J, Beenker WA, van der Beek S, den Hertog J. Harzianic acid exerts antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria and targets the cell membrane. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1332774. [PMID: 38348189 PMCID: PMC10860749 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1332774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
The thermophilic fungus Oidiodendron flavum is a saprobe that is commonly isolated from soil. Here, we identified a Gram-positive bacteria-selective antimicrobial secondary metabolite from this fungal species, harzianic acid (HA). Using Bacillus subtilis strain 168 combined with dynamic bacterial morphology imaging, we found that HA targeted the cell membrane. To further study the antimicrobial activity of HA, we isolated an HA-resistant strain, Bacillus subtilis strain M9015, and discovered that the mutant had more translucent colonies than the wild type strain, showed cross resistance to rifampin, and harbored five mutations in the coding region of four distinct genes. Further analysis of these genes indicated that the mutation in atpE might be responsible for the translucency of the colonies, and mutation in mdtR for resistance to both HA and rifampin. We conclude that HA is an antimicrobial agent against Gram-positive bacteria that targets the cell membrane.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Ouyang
- Hubrecht Institute-KNAW and University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Institute Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Jelmer Hoeksma
- Hubrecht Institute-KNAW and University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Wouter A.G. Beenker
- Hubrecht Institute-KNAW and University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | | | - Jeroen den Hertog
- Hubrecht Institute-KNAW and University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Institute Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Duke SO, Pan Z, Bajsa-Hirschel J, Tamang P, Hammerschmidt R, Lorsbach BA, Sparks TC. Molecular Targets of Herbicides and Fungicides─Are There Useful Overlaps for Fungicide Discovery? JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:20532-20548. [PMID: 38100716 PMCID: PMC10755756 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c07166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
New fungicide modes of action are needed for fungicide resistance management strategies. Several commercial herbicide targets found in fungi that are not utilized by commercial fungicides are discussed as possible fungicide molecular targets. These are acetyl CoA carboxylase, acetolactate synthase, 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase, glutamine synthase, phytoene desaturase, protoporphyrinogen oxidase, long-chain fatty acid synthase, dihydropteroate synthase, hydroxyphenyl pyruvate dioxygenase, and Ser/Thr protein phosphatase. Some of the inhibitors of these herbicide targets appear to be either good fungicides or good leads for new fungicides. For example, some acetolactate synthase and dihydropteroate inhibitors are excellent fungicides. There is evidence that some herbicides have indirect benefits to certain crops due to their effects on fungal crop pathogens. Using a pesticide with both herbicide and fungicide activities based on the same molecular target could reduce the total amount of pesticide used. The limitations of such a product are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen O. Duke
- National
Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University 38667, United States
| | - Zhiqiang Pan
- Natural
Products Utilization Research Unit, United
States Department of Agriculture, University 38667, United States
| | - Joanna Bajsa-Hirschel
- Natural
Products Utilization Research Unit, United
States Department of Agriculture, University 38667, United States
| | - Prabin Tamang
- Natural
Products Utilization Research Unit, United
States Department of Agriculture, University 38667, United States
| | - Raymond Hammerschmidt
- Department
of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan
State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Beth A. Lorsbach
- Nufarm, 4020 Aerial Center Parkway, Morrisville, North Carolina 27560, United States
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Rocha F, Nunes Calumby RJ, Svetaz L, Sortino M, Teixeira Ribeiro Vidigal MC, Campos-Bermudez VA, Rius SP. Effects of Larrea nitida nanodispersions on the growth inhibition of phytopathogens. AMB Express 2023; 13:98. [PMID: 37735315 PMCID: PMC10514021 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-023-01605-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Larrea nitida Cav. (Zygophyllaceae) is a plant endemic to Argentina and Chile, and its extract has been studied over the last years due to the presence of antimicrobial agents that can be used to control the growth of some pathogens in agriculture. However, the extract is highly hydrophobic, which strongly affects its fungicidal activity in aqueous media. In this sense, the solid dispersion technique was used to produce L. nitida extract nanodispersions with polyethylene glycol (PLE) and with polyethylene glycol and zinc acetate (PZLE). In order to further evaluate the activity of the extract in PLE and PZLE, blank nanodispersions containing only polyethylene glycol (PEG) and zinc acetate (PZ) without the addition of the extract were also produced. The fungicidal activity of the water-soluble nanoparticles was evaluated at different concentrations (0.037-0.110 g.mL-1). In general, the nanoparticles were successfully produced on a nanometric size and presented a significant inhibitory activity on the growth of the pathogens Fusarium oxysporum and Fusarium verticillioides in aqueous media. Compared to PLE, PZLE presented increased fungistatic activity, possibly due to their increased solubility in water. Even though their application in agriculture should be further investigated, the nanodispersions present great potential to be applied as a green biotechnological tool.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Rocha
- Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos (CEFOBI-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, S2002LRK, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Rodrigo José Nunes Calumby
- Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos (CEFOBI-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, S2002LRK, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Laura Svetaz
- Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Farmacognosia, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, CP 2000, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Maximiliano Sortino
- Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Farmacognosia, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, CP 2000, Rosario, Argentina
| | | | - Valeria Alina Campos-Bermudez
- Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos (CEFOBI-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, S2002LRK, Rosario, Argentina.
| | - Sebastián Pablo Rius
- Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos (CEFOBI-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, S2002LRK, Rosario, Argentina.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Al-Salihi SAA, Alberti F. Genomic Based Analysis of the Biocontrol Species Trichoderma harzianum: A Model Resource of Structurally Diverse Pharmaceuticals and Biopesticides. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:895. [PMID: 37755004 PMCID: PMC10532697 DOI: 10.3390/jof9090895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Fungi represents a rich repository of taxonomically restricted, yet chemically diverse, secondary metabolites that are synthesised via specific metabolic pathways. An enzyme's specificity and biosynthetic gene clustering are the bottleneck of secondary metabolite evolution. Trichoderma harzianum M10 v1.0 produces many pharmaceutically important molecules; however, their specific biosynthetic pathways remain uncharacterised. Our genomic-based analysis of this species reveals the biosynthetic diversity of its specialised secondary metabolites, where over 50 BGCs were predicted, most of which were listed as polyketide-like compounds associated clusters. Gene annotation of the biosynthetic candidate genes predicted the production of many medically/industrially important compounds including enterobactin, gramicidin, lovastatin, HC-toxin, tyrocidine, equisetin, erythronolide, strobilurin, asperfuranone, cirtinine, protoilludene, germacrene, and epi-isozizaene. Revealing the biogenetic background of these natural molecules is a step forward towards the expansion of their chemical diversification via engineering their biosynthetic genes heterologously, and the identification of their role in the interaction between this fungus and its biotic/abiotic conditions as well as its role as bio-fungicide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Fabrizio Alberti
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Liu H, Wang S, Lang B, Li Y, Wang X, Chen J. Fused expression of Sm1-Chit42 proteins for synergistic mycoparasitic response of Trichoderma afroharzianum on Botrytis cinerea. Microb Cell Fact 2023; 22:156. [PMID: 37592265 PMCID: PMC10433591 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-023-02151-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Sm1 and Chit42 of Trichoderma have been universally confirmed as crucial biocontrol factors against pathogen infection through induced resistance and mycoparasitism, respectively. However, not enough work has been conducted to understand the novel function of fused expression of these two proteins in Trichoderma. The results of this study demonstrated that Sm1-Chit42 protein (SCf) engineered T. afroharzianum strain OE:SCf exerted synergistic inhibition to Botrytis cinerea growth at multiple stages of mycoparasitic interaction of T. afroharzianum and B. cinerea including chemotropism sensing, hyphal coiling, hydrophobicity modulation, cell wall adhesion, virulence reduction and pathogen killing by ROS. These results highlight a novel mycoparasitic system in Trichoderma strains engineered with Sm1-Chit42 chimeric protein to combat B. cinerea growth and reproduction, which would lay a strong foundation for exploring a new engineered Trichoderma biofungicide created with chimeric proteins in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongyi Liu
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shaoqing Wang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Lang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaqian Li
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinhua Wang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Chen
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Han W, Wu Z, Zhong Z, Williams J, Jacobsen SE, Sun Z, Tang Y. Assessing the Biosynthetic Inventory of the Biocontrol Fungus Trichoderma afroharzianum T22. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023. [PMID: 37471583 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c03240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Natural products biosynthesized from biocontrol fungi in the rhizosphere can have both beneficial and deleterious effects on plants. Herein, we performed a comprehensive analysis of natural product biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) from the widely used biocontrol fungus Trichoderma afroharzianum T22 (ThT22). This fungus encodes at least 64 BGCs, yet only seven compounds and four BGCs were previously characterized or mined. We correlated 21 BGCs of ThT22 with known primary and secondary metabolites through homologous BGC comparison and characterized one unknown BGC involved in the biosynthesis of eujavanicol A using heterologous expression. In addition, we performed untargeted transcriptomics and metabolic analysis to demonstrate the activation of silent ThT22 BGCs via the "one strain many compound" (OSMAC) approach. Collectively, our analysis showcases the biosynthetic capacity of ThT22 and paves the way for fully exploring the roles of natural products of ThT22.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenyu Han
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Zhongshou Wu
- Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Zhenhui Zhong
- Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Jason Williams
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Steven E Jacobsen
- Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Eli & Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine & Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Zuodong Sun
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Yi Tang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Imran M, Abo-Elyousr KAM, Mousa MAA, Saad MM. Use of Trichoderma culture filtrates as a sustainable approach to mitigate early blight disease of tomato and their influence on plant biomarkers and antioxidants production. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1192818. [PMID: 37528983 PMCID: PMC10388550 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1192818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Alternaria solani is a challenging pathogen in the tomato crop globally. Chemical control is a rapid approach, but emerging fungicide resistance has become a severe threat. The present study investigates the use of culture filtrates (CFs) of three species of Trichoderma spp. to control this disease. Methods Highly virulent A. solani strain and three Trichoderma fungal strains viz., T. harzianum (Accession No: MW590687), T. atroviride (Accession No: MW590689) and T. longibrachiatum (Accession No: MW590688) previously isolated by authors were used in this study. The efficacy of culture filtrates (CFs) to mitigate early blight disease were tested under greenhouse and field conditions, experiments were conducted in different seasons of 2020 using a tomato variety "doucen". Results and discussion The CFs of T. harzianum, T. longibrachiatum, and T. atroviride significantly inhibited the in vitro mycelial growth of A. solani (62.5%, 48.73%, and 57.82%, respectively, followed by control 100%). In the GC-MS analysis of Trichoderma CF volatile compounds viz., harzianic acid (61.86%) in T. harzianum, linoleic acid (70.02%) in T. atroviride, and hydroxymethylfurfural (68.08%) in the CFs of T. longibrachiatum, were abundantly present. Foliar application of CFs in the greenhouse considerably reduced the disease severity (%) in all treatments, viz., T. harzianum (18.03%), T. longibrachiatum (31.91%), and T. atroviride (23.33%), followed by infected control (86.91%), and positively affected the plant biomarkers. In the greenhouse, the plants treated with CFs demonstrated higher flavonoids after 6 days of inoculation, whereas phenolic compounds increased after 2 days. The CF-treated plants demonstrated higher antioxidant enzymes, i.e., phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and peroxidase (POD), after 4 days, whereas polyphenol oxidase (PPO) was higher after 6 days of inoculation, followed by healthy and infected controls. In open field conditions, disease severity in CF-treated plants was reduced in both seasons as compared to naturally infected plants, whereas CF-treated plants exhibited a higher fruit yield than controls. The present results conclude that CFs can be a potential biocontrol candidate and a promising alternative to the early blight pathogen for sustainable production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Imran
- Department of Agriculture, Faculty of Environmental Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kamal A. M. Abo-Elyousr
- Department of Agriculture, Faculty of Environmental Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Assiut, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Magdi A. A. Mousa
- Department of Agriculture, Faculty of Environmental Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Vegetable Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Maged M. Saad
- DARWIN21, Center for Desert Agriculture, Biological and Environmental Sciences & Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Cruz R, Wuest WM. Beyond Ergosterol: Strategies for Combatting Antifungal Resistance in Aspergillus fumigatus and Candida auris. Tetrahedron 2023; 133:133268. [PMID: 36938356 PMCID: PMC10022592 DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2023.133268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Aspergillus fumigatus and Candida auris are historically problematic fungal pathogens responsible for systemic infections and high mortality rates, especially in immunocompromised populations. The three antifungal classes that comprise our present day armamentarium have facilitated efficacious treatment of these fungal infections in past decades, but their potency has steadily declined over the years as resistance to these compounds has accumulated. Importantly, pan-resistant strains of Candida auris have been observed in clinical settings, leaving affected patients with no treatment options and a death sentence. Many compounds in the ongoing antifungal drug discovery pipeline, similar to those within our aforementioned trinity, are predicated on the binding or inhibition of ergosterol. Recurring accounts of resistance to antifungals targeting this pathway suggest optimization of ergosterol-dependent antifungals is likely not the best solution for the long-term. This review aims to present several natural products with novel or underexplored biological targets, as well as similarly underutilized drug discovery strategies to inspire future biological investigations and medicinal chemistry campaigns.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Cruz
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Dr. Atlanta GA 30322
| | - William M Wuest
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Dr. Atlanta GA 30322
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Chiang CY, Ohashi M, Tang Y. Deciphering chemical logic of fungal natural product biosynthesis through heterologous expression and genome mining. Nat Prod Rep 2023; 40:89-127. [PMID: 36125308 PMCID: PMC9906657 DOI: 10.1039/d2np00050d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Covering: 2010 to 2022Heterologous expression of natural product biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) has become a widely used tool for genome mining of cryptic pathways, bottom-up investigation of biosynthetic enzymes, and engineered biosynthesis of new natural product variants. In the field of fungal natural products, heterologous expression of a complete pathway was first demonstrated in the biosynthesis of tenellin in Aspergillus oryzae in 2010. Since then, advances in genome sequencing, DNA synthesis, synthetic biology, etc. have led to mining, assignment, and characterization of many fungal BGCs using various heterologous hosts. In this review, we will highlight key examples in the last decade in integrating heterologous expression into genome mining and biosynthetic investigations. The review will cover the choice of heterologous hosts, prioritization of BGCs for structural novelty, and how shunt products from heterologous expression can reveal important insights into the chemical logic of biosynthesis. The review is not meant to be exhaustive but is rather a collection of examples from researchers in the field, including ours, that demonstrates the usefulness and pitfalls of heterologous biosynthesis in fungal natural product discovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Yu Chiang
- Dept. of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, 5531 Boelter Hall, 420 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - Masao Ohashi
- Dept. of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, 5531 Boelter Hall, 420 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - Yi Tang
- Dept. of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, 5531 Boelter Hall, 420 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
- Dept. of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 5531 Boelter Hall, 420 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Xiao Z, Zhao Q, Li W, Gao L, Liu G. Strain improvement of Trichoderma harzianum for enhanced biocontrol capacity: Strategies and prospects. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1146210. [PMID: 37125207 PMCID: PMC10134904 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1146210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In the control of plant diseases, biocontrol has the advantages of being efficient and safe for human health and the environment. The filamentous fungus Trichoderma harzianum and its closely related species can inhibit the growth of many phytopathogenic fungi, and have been developed as commercial biocontrol agents for decades. In this review, we summarize studies on T. harzianum species complex from the perspective of strain improvement. To elevate the biocontrol ability, the production of extracellular proteins and compounds with antimicrobial or plant immunity-eliciting activities need to be enhanced. In addition, resistance to various environmental stressors should be strengthened. Engineering the gene regulatory system has the potential to modulate a variety of biological processes related to biocontrol. With the rapidly developing technologies for fungal genetic engineering, T. harzianum strains with increased biocontrol activities are expected to be constructed to promote the sustainable development of agriculture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ziyang Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Qinqin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wei Li
- Shanghai Tobacco Group Beijing Cigarette Factory Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Liwei Gao
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Liwei Gao,
| | - Guodong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Guodong Liu,
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Newly Discovered Mechanisms of Antibiotic Self-Resistance with Multiple Enzymes Acting at Different Locations and Stages. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 12:antibiotics12010035. [PMID: 36671236 PMCID: PMC9854587 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12010035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Self-resistance determinants are essential for the biosynthesis of bioactive natural products and are closely related to drug resistance in clinical settings. The study of self-resistance mechanisms has long moved forward on the discovery of new resistance genes and the characterization of enzymatic reactions catalyzed by these proteins. However, as more examples of self-resistance have been reported, it has been revealed that the enzymatic reactions contribute to self-protection are not confined to the cellular location where the final toxic compounds are present. In this review, we summarize representative examples of self-resistance mechanisms for bioactive natural products functional at different cell locations to explore the models of resistance strategies involved. Moreover, we also highlight those resistance determinants that are widespread in nature and describe the applications of self-resistance genes in natural product mining to interrogate the landscape of self-resistance genes in drug resistance-related new drug discovery.
Collapse
|
12
|
Matar N, Macadré C, Ammar GAG, Peres A, Collet B, Boustany NE, Rajjou L, As-Sadi F, Dufresne M, Ratet P. Identification of beneficial Lebanese Trichoderma spp. wheat endophytes. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1017890. [PMID: 36531385 PMCID: PMC9755858 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1017890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Wheat is one of the most important crops in the world. Its production can be influenced by a diversity of beneficial and pathogenic rhizospheric microbes, including fungi. Amongst them, beneficial Trichoderma spp. can be used as alternatives to chemical fertilizers, as they are cheap and harmless to the environment. Our study aimed to isolate, identify, and characterize Trichoderma spp. from Lebanon associated with wheat. Two Trichoderma strains belonging to T. afroharzianum, and T. guizhouense species, were isolated and found to be endophytes, enhancing root growth and producing Indole-3-acetic acid. Inoculation also improved seedling development, and increased plant growth and yield. Furthermore, the two strains inhibit Fusarium growth in vitro. These Trichoderma spp. have thus the capacity to be used as organic fertilizers for wheat.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naeif Matar
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Univ Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), Orsay, France
- Université de Paris, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), Orsay, France
- Department of Life & Earth Sciences, Faculty of Sciences I, Laboratory of Microbiology, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Catherine Macadré
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Univ Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), Orsay, France
- Université de Paris, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), Orsay, France
| | - Gamal A. G. Ammar
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Univ Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), Orsay, France
- Université de Paris, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), Orsay, France
- Biotechnology Unit, Plant Production Department, Arid Lands Cultivation Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Alexis Peres
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Univ Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), Orsay, France
- Université de Paris, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), Orsay, France
| | - Boris Collet
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), Versailles, France
| | - Naim El Boustany
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences I, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Loïc Rajjou
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), Versailles, France
| | - Falah As-Sadi
- Department of Life & Earth Sciences, Faculty of Sciences I, Laboratory of Microbiology, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
- The Lebanese University, Faculty of Agronomy, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Marie Dufresne
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Univ Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), Orsay, France
- Université de Paris, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), Orsay, France
| | - Pascal Ratet
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Univ Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), Orsay, France
- Université de Paris, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), Orsay, France
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Haywood J, Breese KJ, Zhang J, Waters MT, Bond CS, Stubbs KA, Mylne JS. A fungal tolerance trait and selective inhibitors proffer HMG-CoA reductase as a herbicide mode-of-action. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5563. [PMID: 36137996 PMCID: PMC9500038 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33185-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Decades of intense herbicide use has led to resistance in weeds. Without innovative weed management practices and new herbicidal modes of action, the unabated rise of herbicide resistance will undoubtedly place further stress upon food security. HMGR (3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase) is the rate limiting enzyme of the eukaryotic mevalonate pathway successfully targeted by statins to treat hypercholesterolemia in humans. As HMGR inhibitors have been shown to be herbicidal, HMGR could represent a mode of action target for the development of herbicides. Here, we present the crystal structure of a HMGR from Arabidopsis thaliana (AtHMG1) which exhibits a wider active site than previously determined structures from different species. This plant conserved feature enables the rational design of specific HMGR inhibitors and we develop a tolerance trait through sequence analysis of fungal gene clusters. These results suggest HMGR to be a viable herbicide target modifiable to provide a tolerance trait. Managing herbicide resistance problem needs the identification of new herbicidal modes of action. Here, the authors solve the crystal structures of Arabidopsis HMGR and show HMGR as a potential new herbicide target by identifying plant-specific HMGR inhibitors and engineering tolerant trait in Arabidopsis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joel Haywood
- Centre for Crop and Disease Management, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, Perth, WA, 6102, Australia. .,School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia.
| | - Karen J Breese
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Mark T Waters
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Charles S Bond
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Keith A Stubbs
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Joshua S Mylne
- Centre for Crop and Disease Management, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, Perth, WA, 6102, Australia. .,School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Pang G, Sun T, Ding M, Li J, Zhao Z, Shen Q, Cai FM. Characterization of an Exceptional Fungal Mutant Enables the Discovery of the Specific Regulator of a Silent PKS-NRPS Hybrid Biosynthetic Pathway. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:11769-11781. [PMID: 36084284 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c03550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Filamentous fungi produce a great variety of bioactive secondary metabolites essential for their biotic interactions. Here, we characterized an exceptional Trichoderma mutant overproducing harzianic acids (HAs) with exclusively highly antifungal activity against numerous fungi from different ecological groups. Interestingly, two transcription factors (TFs) were identified in this HA biosynthetic gene cluster (hac BGC), with HacI regulating the biosynthetic genes and HacF being likely responsible for the product transportation essential for the self-detoxification of the fungus from the produced HAs. Evolutionary analysis suggested that the sparse distribution of hac BGC in many environmental opportunistic fungi including several species from Trichoderma, Penicillium, and Aspergillus could result from lateral gene transfers and pervasive gene losses in different lineages of Pezizomycotina. Taken together, we propose that the production of HAs by fungi is to inhibit the growth of the surrounding partners to secure an exclusive position in a competitive community.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guan Pang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-saving Fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Tingting Sun
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-saving Fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Mingyue Ding
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-saving Fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jun Li
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-saving Fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zheng Zhao
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-saving Fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Qirong Shen
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-saving Fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Feng M Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Ecology, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Yang X, Huang Q, Xu J, Gao Z, Jiang X, Wu Y, Ye W, Liang Y. Transcriptome reveals BCAAs biosynthesis pathway is influenced by lovastatin and can act as a potential control target in Phytophthora sojae. J Appl Microbiol 2022; 133:3585-3595. [PMID: 36000236 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Lovastatin has been indicated to impair growth and development of Phytophthora sojae. Therefore, this study was performed to understand the inhibitory mechanism of lovastatin and investigate the metabolic pathway potentially serviced as a new control target for this plant pathogen. METHODS AND RESULTS Whole transcriptome analysis of lovastatin-treated P. sojae was performed by RNA-sequencing. The results revealed that 84 genes were upregulated and 58 were downregulated with more than four-fold changes under treatment. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis indicated that the branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) biosynthesis pathway was abundantly enriched. All enzymes in the BCAAs biosynthesis pathway were identified in the P. sojae genome. Moreover, the study found that the herbicide flumetsulam targeting acetohydroxyacid synthase (AHAS) of the BCAAs biosynthesis pathway could effectively inhibit mycelial growth of P. sojae. CONCLUSIONS Lovastatin treatment significantly influences the BCAAs biosynthesis pathway in P. sojae. Moreover, the herbicide flumetsulam targets AHAS and inhibits growth of P. sojae. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF STUDY The present study revealed that BCAAs biosynthesis pathway was influenced by lovastatin treatment and its key enzyme AHAS was identified as a potential new control target, which provides clues for exploring more oomycides to control plant diseases caused by P. sojae.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Yang
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Qifeng Huang
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Jitao Xu
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Zhen Gao
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xue Jiang
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yuanhua Wu
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Wenwu Ye
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yue Liang
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Wang Y, Chen H, Ma L, Gong M, Wu Y, Bao D, Zou G. Use of CRISPR-Cas tools to engineer Trichoderma species. Microb Biotechnol 2022; 15:2521-2532. [PMID: 35908288 PMCID: PMC9518982 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.14126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Given their lignocellulose degradability and biocontrol activities, fungi of the ubiquitously distributed genus Trichoderma have multiple industrial and agricultural applications. Genetic manipulation plays a valuable role in tailoring novel engineered strains with enhanced target traits. Nevertheless, as applied to fungi, the classic tools of genetic manipulation tend to be time-consuming and tedious. However, the recent development of the CRISPR-Cas system for gene editing has enabled researchers to achieve genome-wide gene disruptions, gene replacements, and precise editing, and this technology has emerged as a primary focus for novel developments in engineered strains of Trichoderma. Here, we provide a brief overview of the traditional approaches to genetic manipulation, the different strategies employed in establishing CRSIPR-Cas systems, the utilization of these systems to develop engineered strains of Trichoderma for desired applications, and the future trends in biotechnology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongyu Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Liang Ma
- Key Laboratory for Quality Improvement of Agricultural Products of Zhejiang Province, College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an Hangzhou, China
| | - Ming Gong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingying Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Dapeng Bao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Gen Zou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Structural basis of resistance to herbicides that target acetohydroxyacid synthase. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3368. [PMID: 35690625 PMCID: PMC9188596 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31023-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Acetohydroxyacid synthase (AHAS) is the target for more than 50 commercial herbicides; first applied to crops in the 1980s. Since then, 197 site-of-action resistance isolates have been identified in weeds, with mutations at P197 and W574 the most prevalent. Consequently, AHAS is at risk of not being a useful target for crop protection. To develop new herbicides, a functional understanding to explain the effect these mutations have on activity is required. Here, we show that these mutations can have two effects (i) to reduce binding affinity of the herbicides and (ii) to abolish time-dependent accumulative inhibition, critical to the exceptional effectiveness of this class of herbicide. In the two mutants, conformational changes occur resulting in a loss of accumulative inhibition by most herbicides. However, bispyribac, a bulky herbicide is able to counteract the detrimental effects of these mutations, explaining why no site-of-action resistance has yet been reported for this herbicide. Acetohydroxyacid synthase (AHAS) is the target of more than 50 commercial herbicides, with many site-of-action resistance isolates identified in weeds. Here, the authors report the structural and kinetic characterizations to explain the effect AHAS mutations have on herbicide potency.
Collapse
|
18
|
New Approaches to Manage Asian Soybean Rust (Phakopsora pachyrhizi) Using Trichoderma spp. or Their Antifungal Secondary Metabolites. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12060507. [PMID: 35736440 PMCID: PMC9227527 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12060507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Attempts have been made to determine the in vitro and in planta suppressive potential of particular Trichoderma strains (T16 and T23) and their secondary metabolites (SMs) against Asian soybean rust (ASR) incited by Phakopsora pachyrhizi. Aside from the previously identified SMs 6-pentyl-α-pyrone (6PAP) and viridiofungin A (VFA), the chemical structures of harzianic acid (HA), iso-harzianic acid (iso-HA), and harzianolide (HZL) were characterized in this study. Our results indicate that exposure of urediospores to 200 ppm 6PAP completely inhibits germination. A slightly higher dosage (250 ppm) of HZL and VFA reduces germination by 53.7% and 44%, respectively. Germ tube elongation seems more sensitive to 6PAP than urediospore germination. On detached leaves, application of conidia of T16 and T23 results in 81.4% and 74.3% protection, respectively. Likewise, 200 ppm 6PAP recorded the highest ASR suppression (98%), followed by HZL (78%) and HA (69%). Treatment of undetached leaves with 6PAP, HA, or HZL reduces ASR severity by 84.2%, 65.8%, and 50.4%, respectively. Disease reduction on the next, untreated trifoliate by T23 (53%), T16 (41%), HZL (42%), and 6PAP (32%) suggests a translocation or systemic activity of the SMs and their producers. To our knowledge, this study provides the first proof for controlling ASR using antifungal SMs of Trichoderma. Our findings strongly recommend the integration of these innovative metabolites, particularly 6PAP and/or their producers in ASR management strategies.
Collapse
|
19
|
Chen MY, Kong FD, Yang L, Ma QY, Xie QY, Yu J, Chen PW, Zhou LM, Wu YG, Dai HF, Zhao YX. Phenethoxy Derivatives with Anti-inflammatory Activities from the Betelnut Endophytic Trichoderma asperellum G10. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2022; 85:1193-1200. [PMID: 35512012 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.1c00813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Eight new phenethoxy derivatives, trichoasperellins A-H (1-8), were isolated from the endophytic fungus Trichoderma asperellum G10 isolated from the medicinal plant Areca catechu L. The structures of these compounds were elucidated from spectroscopic data, J-based configurational analysis, and Mosher's methods. Compounds 1-4 and 6-8 bear one or two multioxidized C7 moieties with the same carbon skeleton. The carbon skeletons of compounds 6-8 are new, all containing three moieties connected via two acetal carbons similar to those of disaccharide glycosides. Compound 4 inhibited nitric oxide production with an IC50 value of 48.3 μM, comparable to that of the positive control indomethacin (IC50, 42.3 μM).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Yang Chen
- College of Horticulture, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan-Dong Kong
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Nanning 530006, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Yang
- Hainan Institute for Tropical Agricultural Resources, Haikou Key Laboratory for Research and Utilization of Tropical Natural Products, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, CATAS, Haikou 571101, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing-Yun Ma
- Hainan Institute for Tropical Agricultural Resources, Haikou Key Laboratory for Research and Utilization of Tropical Natural Products, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, CATAS, Haikou 571101, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing-Yi Xie
- Hainan Institute for Tropical Agricultural Resources, Haikou Key Laboratory for Research and Utilization of Tropical Natural Products, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, CATAS, Haikou 571101, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Yu
- College of Horticulture, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng-Wei Chen
- Hainan Institute for Tropical Agricultural Resources, Haikou Key Laboratory for Research and Utilization of Tropical Natural Products, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, CATAS, Haikou 571101, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Man Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Nanning 530006, People's Republic of China
| | - You-Gen Wu
- College of Horticulture, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao-Fu Dai
- Hainan Institute for Tropical Agricultural Resources, Haikou Key Laboratory for Research and Utilization of Tropical Natural Products, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, CATAS, Haikou 571101, People's Republic of China
| | - You-Xing Zhao
- Hainan Institute for Tropical Agricultural Resources, Haikou Key Laboratory for Research and Utilization of Tropical Natural Products, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, CATAS, Haikou 571101, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Shenouda ML, Ambilika M, Cox RJ. Trichoderma reesei Contains a Biosynthetic Gene Cluster That Encodes the Antifungal Agent Ilicicolin H. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:1034. [PMID: 34947016 PMCID: PMC8705728 DOI: 10.3390/jof7121034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The trili biosynthetic gene cluster (BGC) from the well-studied organism Trichoderma reesei was studied by heterologous expression in the fungal host Aspergillus oryzae. Coexpression of triliA and triliB produces two new acyl tetramic acids. Addition of the ring-expanding cytochrome P450 encoded by triliC then yields a known pyridone intermediate to ilicicolin H and a new chain-truncated shunt metabolite. Finally, addition of the intramolecular Diels-Alderase encoded by triliD affords a mixture of 8-epi ilicicolin H and ilicicolin H itself, showing that the T. reesei trili BGC encodes biosynthesis of this potent antifungal agent. Unexpected A. oryzae shunt pathways are responsible for the production of the new compounds, emphasising the role of fungal hosts in catalysing diversification reactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mary L. Shenouda
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biomolekulares Wirkstoffzentrum (BMWZ), Schneiderberg 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany; (M.L.S.); (M.A.)
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21521, Egypt
| | - Maria Ambilika
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biomolekulares Wirkstoffzentrum (BMWZ), Schneiderberg 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany; (M.L.S.); (M.A.)
| | - Russell J. Cox
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biomolekulares Wirkstoffzentrum (BMWZ), Schneiderberg 38, 30167 Hannover, Germany; (M.L.S.); (M.A.)
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Wu M, Wei H, Ma K, Cui P, Zhu S, Lai D, Ren J, Wang W, Fan A, Lin W, Su H. ThpacC Acts as a Positive Regulator of Homodimericin A Biosynthesis and Antifungal Activities of Trichoderma harzianum 3.9236. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:12695-12704. [PMID: 34677054 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c04330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The Pal/Rim pathway and its key transcription factor PacC play important roles in fungal adaptation to ambient pH regarding growth, secondary metabolism, and virulence. However, the effect of PacC on the secondary metabolism of the important biocontrol fungus Trichoderma harzianum remains elusive. To answer this question, ThpacC deletion (KO-ThpacC) and overexpression (OE-ThpacC) mutants of T. harzianum 3.9236 were constructed. Transcriptomic analysis of T. harzianum and KO-ThpacC suggested that ThpacC acted as both a positive and a negative regulator for secondary metabolite (SM) production. Further investigation revealed that deletion of ThpacC abolished homodimericin A and 8-epi-homodimericin A production. Moreover, ThpacC plays a role in the antagonism of T. harzianum against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. 8-epi-Homodimericin A demonstrated moderate inhibitory activity against S. sclerotiorum. Our results contribute to a deeper understanding of the ThpacC function on SM production and the antifungal activity of T. harzianum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengyue Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 15 North Third Ring Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, P. R. China
| | - Huiling Wei
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 15 North Third Ring Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Ke Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, P. R. China
| | - Peiqi Cui
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 15 North Third Ring Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Shaozhou Zhu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 15 North Third Ring Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Daowan Lai
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Jinwei Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, P. R. China
| | - Wenzhao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, P. R. China
| | - Aili Fan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 15 North Third Ring Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, P. R. China
| | - Wenhan Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, P. R. China
| | - Haijia Su
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 15 North Third Ring Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|