1
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Wang W, Huang T, Cao Z, Zhu X, Sun Y, Dong F. Surface Defect-Induced Specific Catalysis Activates 100% Selective Sensing toward Amine Gases at Room Temperature. ACS NANO 2024. [PMID: 39146530 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c05801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
Achieving selective sensing toward target volatile organic compound gases is of vital importance in the fields of air quality assessment, food freshness evaluation, and diagnosis of patients via exhaled breath. However, chemiresistive sensors that exhibit specificity like biological enzymes in a complex environment are rare. Herein, we developed a strategy of optimizing oxygen vacancy structures in tin oxides to induce specific catalysis, activating 100% selective sensing toward amine gases at room temperature. In situ technologies and theoretical calculations reveal that the "donor-receptor" coordination between nitrogen atoms from amine molecules and bridging oxygen vacancies (OVBri)-induced electron-deficient center is the essence of specific catalysis and provides the bridge from the surface oxidation reaction to electrophysical characteristics evolution, which allows the sensor to exhibit amine-specific sensing behavior, even in gas mixtures. Moreover, OVBri enhances the selectivity by enabling a room-temperature sensing pathway where lattice oxygens participate in catalytic oxidation for amine molecules, resulting in record-high sensing values: 19,938.92 toward 100 ppm of triethylamine, 15,236.78 toward trimethylamine, and 123.41 toward diethylamine. Our findings illustrate the feasibility of designing specific active sites through defect engineering and can contribute to the advancement of highly selective sensors based on catalytic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu Wang
- School of Resources and Environment, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, P. R. China
| | - Taobo Huang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Zhengmao Cao
- Research Center for Carbon-Neutral Environmental & Energy Technology, Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, P. R. China
| | - Xiuping Zhu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Yanjuan Sun
- School of Resources and Environment, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, P. R. China
- Yangtze Delta Region Institute (Huzhou), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Huzhou 313000, P. R. China
| | - Fan Dong
- School of Resources and Environment, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, P. R. China
- Research Center for Carbon-Neutral Environmental & Energy Technology, Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, P. R. China
- Yangtze Delta Region Institute (Huzhou), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Huzhou 313000, P. R. China
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2
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Renningholtz T, Lim ERX, James MJ, Trujillo C. Computational methods for investigating organic radical species. Org Biomol Chem 2024. [PMID: 39012651 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00532e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
Computational analysis of organic radical species presents significant challenges. This study compares the efficacy of various DFT and wavefunction methods in predicting radical stabilisation energies, bond dissociation energies, and redox potentials for organic radicals. The hybrid meta-GGA M062X-D3(0), and the range-separated hybrids ωB97M-V and ωB97M-D3(BJ) emerged as the most reliable functionals, consistently providing accurate predictions across different basis sets including 6-311G**, cc-pVTZ, and def2-TZVP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Renningholtz
- The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
| | - Ethan R X Lim
- The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
| | - Michael J James
- The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
| | - Cristina Trujillo
- The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
- TBSI - School of Chemistry, The University of Dublin, Trinity College, D02 R590 Dublin 2, Ireland
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3
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Gallarati S, van Gerwen P, Laplaza R, Brey L, Makaveev A, Corminboeuf C. A genetic optimization strategy with generality in asymmetric organocatalysis as a primary target. Chem Sci 2024; 15:3640-3660. [PMID: 38455002 PMCID: PMC10915838 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc06208b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
A catalyst possessing a broad substrate scope, in terms of both turnover and enantioselectivity, is sometimes called "general". Despite their great utility in asymmetric synthesis, truly general catalysts are difficult or expensive to discover via traditional high-throughput screening and are, therefore, rare. Existing computational tools accelerate the evaluation of reaction conditions from a pre-defined set of experiments to identify the most general ones, but cannot generate entirely new catalysts with enhanced substrate breadth. For these reasons, we report an inverse design strategy based on the open-source genetic algorithm NaviCatGA and on the OSCAR database of organocatalysts to simultaneously probe the catalyst and substrate scope and optimize generality as a primary target. We apply this strategy to the Pictet-Spengler condensation, for which we curate a database of 820 reactions, used to train statistical models of selectivity and activity. Starting from OSCAR, we define a combinatorial space of millions of catalyst possibilities, and perform evolutionary experiments on a diverse substrate scope that is representative of the whole chemical space of tetrahydro-β-carboline products. While privileged catalysts emerge, we show how genetic optimization can address the broader question of generality in asymmetric synthesis, extracting structure-performance relationships from the challenging areas of chemical space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Gallarati
- Laboratory for Computational Molecular Design, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Puck van Gerwen
- Laboratory for Computational Molecular Design, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
- National Center for Competence in Research - Catalysis (NCCR-Catalysis), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Ruben Laplaza
- Laboratory for Computational Molecular Design, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
- National Center for Competence in Research - Catalysis (NCCR-Catalysis), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Lucien Brey
- Laboratory for Computational Molecular Design, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Alexander Makaveev
- Laboratory for Computational Molecular Design, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Clemence Corminboeuf
- Laboratory for Computational Molecular Design, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
- National Center for Competence in Research - Catalysis (NCCR-Catalysis), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
- National Center for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
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4
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Deng Z, Padalino MA, Jan JEL, Park S, Danneman MW, Johnston JN. Generality-Driven Catalyst Development: A Universal Catalyst for Enantioselective Nitroalkene Reduction. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:1269-1275. [PMID: 38176098 PMCID: PMC10862354 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c12436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Cracking the selectivity-generality paradox is among the most pressing challenges in asymmetric catalysis. This obstacle prevents the immediate and successful translation of new methods to diverse small molecules. This is particularly rate-limiting for therapeutic development, where availability and structural diversity are often critical components of successful campaigns. Here we describe the union of generality-driven enantioselective catalysis and the preparation of diverse peptidomimetics. A single new organocatalyst provides high selectivity and substrate generality that is matched only by a combination of metal and organocatalysts. Within organocatalysis, this discovery breaks a 16-year monolithic paradigm, uncovering a powerful new scaffold for enantioselective reduction with behavior that suggests the recognition of a nitroethylene minimal catalaphile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihang Deng
- Department of Chemistry and Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235
| | - Melanie A. Padalino
- Department of Chemistry and Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235
| | - Julius E. L. Jan
- Department of Chemistry and Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235
| | - Sangjun Park
- Department of Chemistry and Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235
| | - Michael W. Danneman
- Department of Chemistry and Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235
| | - Jeffrey N. Johnston
- Department of Chemistry and Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235
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5
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Yaghoobi F, Salehzadeh S. Catalysis of the Nitroso-Diels-Alder cycloaddition reaction between CH 3N=O and cis-1,3-butadiene by pnictogen bonding, a theoretical study. J Mol Graph Model 2023; 125:108583. [PMID: 37582304 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2023.108583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
Density functional theory calculations at the M06-2X/aug-cc-pVTZ level of theory have been used to examine the Nitroso-Diels-Alder (N-D-A) cycloaddition reaction between the CH3N=O and cis-1,3-butadiene in the presence of PO2X (X=F, Cl, OH) as a catalyst. The effect of the above PO2X compounds on the activation energy of the N-D-A reaction, has been studied here. In the first stage, the energies of two different bonding interactions, via P⋯N versus P⋯O binding, between the PO2X and CH3N=O molecules were calculated. The results showed that the largest values of the interaction energy between the above molecules belong to the PO2F, when connects to the nitrogen atom of the CH3N=O. Also, calculations showed that all the above PO2X compounds, decrease the activation energies of N-D-A reaction studied here via both P⋯N and P⋯O interactions. However, the largest effect on activation energies of the reaction belongs to the PO2F catalyst when acts via P⋯N bonding. The activation strain model (ASM) was used to analyze the influence of the PO2X catalyst on the studied reaction. The quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM) and natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis were performed to understand the nature of forming interactions at the TS structures. The results of this study showed that the PO2X (X=F, Cl, OH) compounds may be suggested as efficient catalysts for N-D-A reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fereshteh Yaghoobi
- Nahavand Higher Education Complex, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran.
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6
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Kim A, Lee C, Song J, Lee SK, Kwon Y. All-round catalytic and atroposelective strategy via dynamic kinetic resolution for N-/2-/3-arylindoles. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5502. [PMID: 37679348 PMCID: PMC10485016 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41299-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
As the complexity of organic molecules utilized by mankind increases, the phenomenon of atropisomerism is more frequently encountered. While a variety of well-established methods enable the control of a stereogenic center, a catalytic method for controlling a stereogenic axis in one substrate is typically unavailable for controlling axial chirality in other substrates with a similar structure. Herein, we report o-amidobiaryl as a flexible platform for chiral phosphoric acid-catalyzed atroposelective dynamic kinetic resolution. To demonstrate our strategy, three distinct types of arylindoles were utilized and reacted intermolecularly with ketomalonate in the presence of chiral phosphoric acid. An investigation of 46 substrates having an aromatic ring in different positions yields the desired products with excellent enantioselectivities. Computational investigation into the origin of enantioselectivity highlights the importance of the NH group. Given the biological significance of indoles, antiproliferative effects have been investigated; our scaffold exhibits good efficacy in this regard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahreum Kim
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Chanhee Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jayoung Song
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Kook Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongseok Kwon
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea.
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7
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Rein J, Rozema SD, Langner OC, Zacate SB, Hardy MA, Siu JC, Mercado BQ, Sigman MS, Miller SJ, Lin S. Generality-oriented optimization of enantioselective aminoxyl radical catalysis. Science 2023; 380:706-712. [PMID: 37200427 PMCID: PMC10277815 DOI: 10.1126/science.adf6177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Catalytic enantioselective methods that are generally applicable to a broad range of substrates are rare. We report a strategy for the oxidative desymmetrization of meso-diols predicated on a nontraditional catalyst optimization protocol by using a panel of screening substrates rather than a singular model substrate. Critical to this approach was rational modulation of a peptide sequence in the catalyst incorporating a distinct aminoxyl-based active residue. A general catalyst emerged, providing high selectivity in the delivery of enantioenriched lactones across a broad range of diols, while also achieving up to ~100,000 turnovers.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Rein
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University; Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - S. D. Rozema
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University; 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - O. C. Langner
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University; 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - S. B. Zacate
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University; Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - M. A. Hardy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah; 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - J. C. Siu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University; Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - B. Q. Mercado
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University; 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - M. S. Sigman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah; 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - S. J. Miller
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University; 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - S. Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University; Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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8
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Kee CW. Molecular Understanding and Practical In Silico Catalyst Design in Computational Organocatalysis and Phase Transfer Catalysis-Challenges and Opportunities. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28041715. [PMID: 36838703 PMCID: PMC9966076 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Through the lens of organocatalysis and phase transfer catalysis, we will examine the key components to calculate or predict catalysis-performance metrics, such as turnover frequency and measurement of stereoselectivity, via computational chemistry. The state-of-the-art tools available to calculate potential energy and, consequently, free energy, together with their caveats, will be discussed via examples from the literature. Through various examples from organocatalysis and phase transfer catalysis, we will highlight the challenges related to the mechanism, transition state theory, and solvation involved in translating calculated barriers to the turnover frequency or a metric of stereoselectivity. Examples in the literature that validated their theoretical models will be showcased. Lastly, the relevance and opportunity afforded by machine learning will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Choon Wee Kee
- Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment (ISCE2), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Pesek Road, Jurong Island, Singapore 627833, Republic of Singapore
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9
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Samha MH, Wahlman JLH, Read JA, Werth J, Jacobsen EN, Sigman MS. Exploring Structure-Function Relationships of Aryl Pyrrolidine-Based Hydrogen-Bond Donors in Asymmetric Catalysis Using Data-Driven Techniques. ACS Catal 2022; 12:14836-14845. [PMID: 36816226 PMCID: PMC9937582 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c04824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen bond-based organocatalysts rely on networks of attractive noncovalent interactions (NCIs) to impart enantioselectivity. As a specific example, aryl pyrrolidine substituted urea, thiourea, and squaramide organocatalysts function cooperatively through hydrogen bonding and difficult-to-predict NCIs as a function of the reaction partners. To uncover the synergistic effect of the structural components of this catalyst class, we applied data science tools to study various model reactions using a derivatized, aryl pyrrolidine-based, hydrogen-bond donor (HBD) catalyst library. Through a combination of experimentally collected data and data mined from previous reports, statistical models were constructed, illuminating the general features necessary for high enantioselectivity. A distinct dependence on the identity of the electrophilic reaction partner and HBD catalyst is observed, suggesting that a general interaction is conserved throughout the reactions analyzed. The resulting models also demonstrate predictive capability by the successful improvement of a previously reported reaction using out-of-sample reaction components. Overall, this study highlights the power of data science in exploring mechanistic hypotheses in asymmetric HBD catalysis and provides a prediction platform applicable in future reaction optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad H. Samha
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Julie L. H. Wahlman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Jacquelyne A. Read
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States; Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Jacob Werth
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Eric N. Jacobsen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Matthew S. Sigman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
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10
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Gallarati S, van Gerwen P, Laplaza R, Vela S, Fabrizio A, Corminboeuf C. OSCAR: an extensive repository of chemically and functionally diverse organocatalysts. Chem Sci 2022; 13:13782-13794. [PMID: 36544722 PMCID: PMC9710326 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc04251g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The automated construction of datasets has become increasingly relevant in computational chemistry. While transition-metal catalysis has greatly benefitted from bottom-up or top-down strategies for the curation of organometallic complexes libraries, the field of organocatalysis is mostly dominated by case-by-case studies, with a lack of transferable data-driven tools that facilitate both the exploration of a wider range of catalyst space and the optimization of reaction properties. For these reasons, we introduce OSCAR, a repository of 4000 experimentally derived organocatalysts along with their corresponding building blocks and combinatorially enriched structures. We outline the fragment-based approach used for database generation and showcase the chemical diversity, in terms of functions and molecular properties, covered in OSCAR. The structures and corresponding stereoelectronic properties are publicly available (https://archive.materialscloud.org/record/2022.106) and constitute the starting point to build generative and predictive models for organocatalyst performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Gallarati
- Laboratory for Computational Molecular Design, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)1015 LausanneSwitzerland
| | - Puck van Gerwen
- Laboratory for Computational Molecular Design, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)1015 LausanneSwitzerland,National Center for Competence in Research – Catalysis (NCCR-Catalysis), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)1015 LausanneSwitzerland
| | - Ruben Laplaza
- Laboratory for Computational Molecular Design, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)1015 LausanneSwitzerland,National Center for Competence in Research – Catalysis (NCCR-Catalysis), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)1015 LausanneSwitzerland
| | - Sergi Vela
- Laboratory for Computational Molecular Design, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)1015 LausanneSwitzerland
| | - Alberto Fabrizio
- Laboratory for Computational Molecular Design, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)1015 LausanneSwitzerland,National Center for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)1015 LausanneSwitzerland
| | - Clemence Corminboeuf
- Laboratory for Computational Molecular Design, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)1015 LausanneSwitzerland,National Center for Competence in Research – Catalysis (NCCR-Catalysis), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)1015 LausanneSwitzerland,National Center for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)1015 LausanneSwitzerland
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11
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Kutateladze DA, Wagen CC, Jacobsen EN. Chloride-Mediated Alkene Activation Drives Enantioselective Thiourea and Hydrogen Chloride Co-Catalyzed Prins Cyclizations. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:15812-15824. [PMID: 35994741 PMCID: PMC9437134 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c06688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The mechanism of chiral hydrogen-bond donor (HBD) and hydrogen chloride (HCl) co-catalyzed Prins cyclizations was analyzed through a combination of experimental and computational methods and revealed to involve an unexpected and previously unrecognized mode of alkene activation. Kinetic and spectroscopic studies support the participation of a catalytically active HCl·HBD complex that displays reduced Brønsted acidity relative to HCl alone. Nevertheless, rate acceleration relative to the HCl-catalyzed background reaction as well as high levels of enantioselectivity are achieved. This inverse Brønsted correlation is ascribed to chloride-mediated substrate activation in the rate-limiting and enantiodetermining cyclization transition state. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations, distortion-interaction analysis, and quasiclassical dynamics simulations support a stepwise mechanism in which rate acceleration and enantioselectivity are achieved through the precise positioning of the chloride anion within the active site of the chiral thiourea to enhance the nucleophilicity of the alkene and provide transition-state stabilization through local electric field effects. This mode of selective catalysis through anion positioning likely has general implications for the design of enantioselective Brønsted acid-catalyzed reactions involving π-nucleophiles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Eric N. Jacobsen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
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12
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Entgelmeier LM, García Mancheño O. Activation Modes in Asymmetric Anion-Binding Catalysis. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1846-6139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Over the past two decades, enantioselective anion-binding catalysis has emerged as a powerful strategy for the induction of chirality in organic transformations. The stereoselectivity is achieved in a range of different reactions by using non-covalent interactions between a chiral catalyst and an ionic substrate or intermediate, and subsequent formation of a chiral contact ion-pair upon anion-binding. This strategy offers vast possibilities in catalysis and the constant development of new reactions has led to various substrate activation approaches. This review provides an overview on the different activation modes in asymmetric anion-binding catalysis by looking at representative examples and recent advances made in this field.
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13
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Tang L, Zang Y, Guo W, Han Z, Huang H, Sun J. Reductive Opening of Oxetanes Catalyzed by Frustrated Lewis Pairs: Unexpected Aryl Migration via Neighboring Group Participation. Org Lett 2022; 24:3259-3264. [PMID: 35467358 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c01088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
B(C6F5)3 was found to catalyze an unusual double reduction of oxetanes by hydrosilane with aryl migration via neighboring group participation. Control experiments suggested that the phenonium ion serves as the key intermediate. Minor modification of this protocol also led to simple hydrosilylative opening of oxetanes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luning Tang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Yu Zang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Wengang Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Zhengyu Han
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Hai Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Jianwei Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China.,Department of Chemistry and the Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Centre for Tissue Restoration & Reconstruction, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST), Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China.,Shenzhen Research Institute, HKUST, No. 9 Yuexing First Road, Shenzhen 518057, China
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14
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Zhang R, Sun M, Yan Q, Lin X, Li X, Fang X, Sung HHY, Williams ID, Sun J. Asymmetric Synthesis of Pyrrolidines via Oxetane Desymmetrization. Org Lett 2022; 24:2359-2364. [PMID: 35322664 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c00564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Asymmetric synthesis of chiral pyrrolidines bearing an all-carbon quaternary stereocenter in the 3-position remains challenging. Herein we report two efficient protocols by means of oxetane desymmetrization, featuring the use of a readily available tert-butylsulfinamide chiral auxiliary and a catalytic system with chiral phosphoric acid as the source of chirality, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renwei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and the Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Centre for Tissue Restoration & Reconstruction, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST), Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Shenzhen Research Institute, HKUST, No. 9 Yuexing 1st Road, Shenzhen 518057, China.,Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Meng Sun
- Department of Chemistry and the Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Centre for Tissue Restoration & Reconstruction, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST), Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Qiaolin Yan
- Department of Chemistry and the Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Centre for Tissue Restoration & Reconstruction, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST), Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xingbang Lin
- Department of Chemistry and the Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Centre for Tissue Restoration & Reconstruction, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST), Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Chemistry and the Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Centre for Tissue Restoration & Reconstruction, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST), Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xin Fang
- Department of Chemistry and the Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Centre for Tissue Restoration & Reconstruction, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST), Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Herman H Y Sung
- Department of Chemistry and the Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Centre for Tissue Restoration & Reconstruction, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST), Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ian D Williams
- Department of Chemistry and the Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Centre for Tissue Restoration & Reconstruction, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST), Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jianwei Sun
- Department of Chemistry and the Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Centre for Tissue Restoration & Reconstruction, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST), Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Shenzhen Research Institute, HKUST, No. 9 Yuexing 1st Road, Shenzhen 518057, China
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15
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Pupo G, Gouverneur V. Hydrogen Bonding Phase-Transfer Catalysis with Alkali Metal Fluorides and Beyond. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:5200-5213. [PMID: 35294171 PMCID: PMC9084554 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c00190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Phase-transfer catalysis (PTC) is one of the most powerful catalytic manifolds for asymmetric synthesis. Chiral cationic or anionic PTC strategies have enabled a variety of transformations, yet studies on the use of insoluble inorganic salts as nucleophiles for the synthesis of enantioenriched molecules have remained elusive. A long-standing challenge is the development of methods for asymmetric carbon-fluorine bond formation from readily available and cost-effective alkali metal fluorides. In this Perspective, we describe how H-bond donors can provide a solution through fluoride binding. We use examples, primarily from our own research, to discuss how hydrogen bonding interactions impact fluoride reactivity and the role of H-bond donors as phase-transfer catalysts to bring solid-phase alkali metal fluorides in solution. These studies led to hydrogen bonding phase-transfer catalysis (HB-PTC), a new concept in PTC, originally crafted for alkali metal fluorides but offering opportunities beyond enantioselective fluorination. Looking ahead, the unlimited options that one can consider to diversify the H-bond donor, the inorganic salt, and the electrophile, herald a new era in phase-transfer catalysis. Whether abundant inorganic salts of lattice energy significantly higher than those studied to date could be considered as nucleophiles, e.g., CaF2, remains an open question, with solutions that may be found through synergistic PTC catalysis or beyond PTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Pupo
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Véronique Gouverneur
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
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16
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Guo W, Jiang F, Li S, Sun J. Organocatalytic asymmetric azidation of sulfoxonium ylides: mild synthesis of enantioenriched α-azido ketones bearing a labile tertiary stereocenter. Chem Sci 2022; 13:11648-11655. [PMID: 36320381 PMCID: PMC9555749 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc03552a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Disclosed here is a catalytic asymmetric azidation reaction for the efficient synthesis of α-azido ketones bearing a labile tertiary stereocenter. With a superb chiral squaramide catalyst, a mild asymmetric formal H–N3 insertion of α-carbonyl sulfoxonium ylides proceeded with excellent efficiency and enantioselectivity. This organocatalytic process not only complements the previous α-azidation approaches for the formation of quaternary stereocenters and mostly for 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds, but also has advantages over the well-known metal-catalyzed asymmetric carbene insertion chemistry using α-diazocarbonyl compounds. Detailed mechanistic studies via control reactions and NMR studies provided important insights into the reaction pathway, which features reversible protonation and dynamic kinetic resolution. The curiosity in mechanism also led to the development of a simplified alternative protocol with a cheaper HN3 source. An organocatalytic asymmetric H–N3 insertion of α-carbonyl sulfoxonium ylides has been developed, providing efficient access to α-azido ketones bearing labile tertiary stereocenters and complementing the metal carbene insertion chemistry.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Wengang Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China
| | - Feng Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China
| | - Shijia Li
- Department of Chemistry and the Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Centre for Tissue Restoration & Reconstruction, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST), Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, HKUST, No. 9 Yuexing 1st Rd, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Jianwei Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China
- Department of Chemistry and the Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Centre for Tissue Restoration & Reconstruction, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST), Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, HKUST, No. 9 Yuexing 1st Rd, Shenzhen 518057, China
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17
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Zhu B, Sun H, Fan H, Wang M, Guo F, Zhai Y, Zhu G, Chang J. Asymmetric Brønsted base-catalyzed aza-Michael addition and [3 + 2] cycloaddition reactions of N-ester acylhydrazones and enones. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo01527g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
We reported the first enantioselective Brønsted base-catalyzed aza-Michael addition and stepwise cascade [3+2] cycloaddition between acylhydrazones and unsaturated ketones. The enantio-enriched aza-Michael adducts can be transformed into 2-pyrazolines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhu
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecule and Drug Innovation, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, P. R. China
| | - Huili Sun
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecule and Drug Innovation, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, P. R. China
| | - Huihui Fan
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecule and Drug Innovation, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, P. R. China
| | - Mengqi Wang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecule and Drug Innovation, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, P. R. China
| | - Fangyuan Guo
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecule and Drug Innovation, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, P. R. China
| | - Yubing Zhai
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecule and Drug Innovation, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, P. R. China
| | - Gongming Zhu
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecule and Drug Innovation, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, P. R. China
| | - Junbiao Chang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecule and Drug Innovation, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, P. R. China
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18
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Cai Y, Liu C, Liu G, Li C, Jiang H, Zhu C. Access to α,α-difluoro(arylthio)methyl oxetanes from α,α-difluoro(arylthio)methyl ketones and trimethylsulfoxonium halides: scope, mechanism and applications. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:1500-1509. [DOI: 10.1039/d1ob02268g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A general and practical method for the synthesis of α,α-difluoro(arylthio)methyl oxetanes is reported that occurs by the reaction of α,α-difluoro(arylthio)methyl ketones with trimethylsulfoxonium halides. This reaction undergoes the sequential Corey-Chaykovsky...
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19
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20
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Kutateladze DA, Jacobsen EN. Cooperative Hydrogen-Bond-Donor Catalysis with Hydrogen Chloride Enables Highly Enantioselective Prins Cyclization Reactions. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:20077-20083. [PMID: 34812618 PMCID: PMC8717859 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c10890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cooperative asymmetric catalysis with hydrogen chloride (HCl) and chiral dual-hydrogen-bond donors (HBDs) is applied successfully to highly enantioselective Prins cyclization reactions of a wide variety of simple alkenyl aldehydes. The optimal chiral catalysts were designed to withstand the strongly acidic reaction conditions and were found to induce rate accelerations of 2 orders of magnitude over reactions catalyzed by HCl alone. We propose that the combination of strong mineral acids and chiral hydrogen-bond-donor catalysts may represent a general strategy for inducing enantioselectivity in reactions that require highly acidic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis A. Kutateladze
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Eric N. Jacobsen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
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21
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Schifferer L, Stinglhamer M, Kaur K, Macheño OG. Halides as versatile anions in asymmetric anion-binding organocatalysis. Beilstein J Org Chem 2021; 17:2270-2286. [PMID: 34621390 PMCID: PMC8450959 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.17.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This review intends to provide an overview on the role of halide anions in the development of the research area of asymmetric anion-binding organocatalysis. Key early elucidation studies with chloride as counter-anion confirmed this type of alternative activation, which was then exploited in several processes and contributed to the advance and consolidation of anion-binding catalysis as a field. Thus, the use of the halide in the catalyst–anion complex as both a mere counter-anion spectator or an active nucleophile has been depicted, along with the new trends toward additional noncovalent contacts within the HB-donor catalyst and supramolecular interactions to both the anion and the cationic reactive species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Schifferer
- Organic Chemistry Institute, Westfälische-Wilhelms University Münster, Correnstraße 36, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Martin Stinglhamer
- Organic Chemistry Institute, Westfälische-Wilhelms University Münster, Correnstraße 36, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Kirandeep Kaur
- Organic Chemistry Institute, Westfälische-Wilhelms University Münster, Correnstraße 36, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Olga García Macheño
- Organic Chemistry Institute, Westfälische-Wilhelms University Münster, Correnstraße 36, 48149 Münster, Germany
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