1
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Handjaya JP, Patankar N, Reid JP. The Diversity and Evolution of Chiral Brønsted Acid Structures. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400921. [PMID: 38706381 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
The chemical space of chiral Brønsted acid catalysts is defined by quantity and complexity, reflecting the diverse synthetic challenges confronted and the innovative molecular designs introduced. Here, we detail how this successful outcome is a powerful demonstration of the benefits of utilizing both local structure searches and a comprehensive understanding of catalyst performance for effective and efficient exploration of Brønsted acid properties. In this concept article we provide an evolutionary overview of this field by summarizing the approaches to catalyst optimization, the resulting structures, and functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasemine P Handjaya
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Niraja Patankar
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Jolene P Reid
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z1, Canada
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2
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Shen Y, Zhang Y, Zhang C, Li H, Hu C, Yu Z, Zheng K, Su Z. Elucidating Mechanism and Selectivity in Pyridine Functionalization Through Silylium Catalysis. Chemistry 2024:e202402078. [PMID: 38976314 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202402078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
The functionalization of aromatic N-heterocycles through silylium activation demonstrates exceptional selectivity and efficiency. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations unveil the detailed silylium catalysis mechanism and elucidate the origins of selectivity in this reaction. The phosphoramidimidate sulfonamide (PADI) precatalyst orchestrates of the catalytic cycle via three elementary steps. The Brønsted acidity of precatalyst significantly influences both the formation of silylium-based Lewis acid active species and the silylium activation of pyridine. Unlike disulfonimide (DSI)-type precatalysts, both Tf2NH and PADI precatalysts with strong acidities can easily promote the generation of activated silylium pyridine species. A semi-enclosed 'rigid' electronegative cavity in PADI-type anions constructs a well-defined recognition site, facilitating engagement with the positively charged silylium pyridine species. Due to the high electrophilicity and less steric demand at the C4-position of the pyridine substrate, the product with C4-regioselectivity was predominantly generated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanling Shen
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Cefei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Haoze Li
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Changwei Hu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Zhipeng Yu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Ke Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Zhishan Su
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
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3
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Ding M, Bell C, Willis MC. The Modular Synthesis of Sulfondiimidoyl Fluorides and their Application to Sulfondiimidamide and Sulfondiimine Synthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024:e202409240. [PMID: 38923337 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202409240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
A modular synthesis of sulfondiimidoyl fluorides-the double aza-analogues of sulfonyl fluorides-allowing variation of the carbon and both nitrogen-substituents is reported. The chemistry uses readily available organometallic reagents, commercial sulfinylamines, simple electrophiles, and N-fluorobenzenesulfonimide (NFSI), as the starting materials. The reactions are broad in scope, efficient, and scalable. We show that the sulfondiimidoyl fluoride products can be combined with amines to provide sulfondiimidamides, and with organolithium reagents to provide sulfondiimines, and that reactivity in these transformations can be modulated by variation of the N-substituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyan Ding
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Charles Bell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Michael C Willis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
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4
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Deng Z, Padalino MA, Jan JEL, Park S, Danneman MW, Johnston JN. Generality-Driven Catalyst Development: A Universal Catalyst for Enantioselective Nitroalkene Reduction. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:1269-1275. [PMID: 38176098 PMCID: PMC10862354 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c12436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Cracking the selectivity-generality paradox is among the most pressing challenges in asymmetric catalysis. This obstacle prevents the immediate and successful translation of new methods to diverse small molecules. This is particularly rate-limiting for therapeutic development, where availability and structural diversity are often critical components of successful campaigns. Here we describe the union of generality-driven enantioselective catalysis and the preparation of diverse peptidomimetics. A single new organocatalyst provides high selectivity and substrate generality that is matched only by a combination of metal and organocatalysts. Within organocatalysis, this discovery breaks a 16-year monolithic paradigm, uncovering a powerful new scaffold for enantioselective reduction with behavior that suggests the recognition of a nitroethylene minimal catalaphile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihang Deng
- Department of Chemistry and Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235
| | - Melanie A. Padalino
- Department of Chemistry and Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235
| | - Julius E. L. Jan
- Department of Chemistry and Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235
| | - Sangjun Park
- Department of Chemistry and Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235
| | - Michael W. Danneman
- Department of Chemistry and Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235
| | - Jeffrey N. Johnston
- Department of Chemistry and Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235
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5
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Jiang HJ, Zuo H, Zhu M, Sharanov I, Irran E, Klare HFT, Tshepelevitsh S, Lõkov M, Leito I, Oestreich M. Chiral Carborane Acids Decorated with Binol-Based Phosphonates: Synthesis, Characterization, and Application. J Org Chem 2024; 89:756-760. [PMID: 38109189 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
The syntheses of hexabrominated closo-carborates decorated with different chiral Binol-derived phosphonates and their conjugate acids are described. X-ray diffraction analysis reveals a polymeric structure for the sodium salt with the anionic units connected by [B-Br-Na-O═P]+ linkages. For the acid, coordination of the proton to the phosphonate's P═O oxygen atom is assumed. The pKa value was estimated by combining experiments and computations. Application of these Brønsted acids as chiral catalysts in an imino-ene and a Mukaiyama-Mannich reaction was moderately successful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Jie Jiang
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Honghua Zuo
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Min Zhu
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Illia Sharanov
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Irran
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Hendrik F T Klare
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sofja Tshepelevitsh
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Ravila 14a, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Märt Lõkov
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Ravila 14a, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Ivo Leito
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Ravila 14a, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Martin Oestreich
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, 10623 Berlin, Germany
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6
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Artault M, Cantin T, Longuet M, Vitse K, Mbengo CDM, Guégan F, Michelet B, Martin-Mingot A, Thibaudeau S. Exploring Superacid-Promoted Skeletal Reorganization of Aliphatic Nitrogen-Containing Compounds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202316458. [PMID: 37984060 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202316458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Here we report a method to reorganize the core structure of aliphatic unsaturated nitrogen-containing substrates exploiting polyprotonation in superacid solutions. The superelectrophilic activation of N-isopropyl systems allows for the selective formal Csp3 -H activation/cyclization or homologation / functionalization of nitrogen-containing substrates. This study also reveals that this skeletal reorganization can be controlled through protonation interplay. The mechanism of this process involves an original sequence of C-N bond cleavage, isopropyl cation generation and subsequent C-N bond and C-C bond formation. This was demonstrated through in situ NMR analysis and labelling experiments, also confirmed by DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Artault
- IC2MP UMR CNRS 7285, Université de Poitiers, 4 rue Michel Brunet, 86073, Poitiers cedex 9, France
| | - Thomas Cantin
- IC2MP UMR CNRS 7285, Université de Poitiers, 4 rue Michel Brunet, 86073, Poitiers cedex 9, France
| | - Mélissa Longuet
- IC2MP UMR CNRS 7285, Université de Poitiers, 4 rue Michel Brunet, 86073, Poitiers cedex 9, France
| | - Kassandra Vitse
- IC2MP UMR CNRS 7285, Université de Poitiers, 4 rue Michel Brunet, 86073, Poitiers cedex 9, France
| | | | - Frédéric Guégan
- IC2MP UMR CNRS 7285, Université de Poitiers, 4 rue Michel Brunet, 86073, Poitiers cedex 9, France
| | - Bastien Michelet
- IC2MP UMR CNRS 7285, Université de Poitiers, 4 rue Michel Brunet, 86073, Poitiers cedex 9, France
| | - Agnès Martin-Mingot
- IC2MP UMR CNRS 7285, Université de Poitiers, 4 rue Michel Brunet, 86073, Poitiers cedex 9, France
| | - Sébastien Thibaudeau
- IC2MP UMR CNRS 7285, Université de Poitiers, 4 rue Michel Brunet, 86073, Poitiers cedex 9, France
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7
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Tomanová M, Vaňková I, Toman D, Přibylka A, Nemec I, Cankař P. Axially Chiral Sulfonic Acids for Brønsted Acid Catalysis: 8-Benzoimidazolylnaphthalene-1-sulfonic Acids and Their Derivatives. J Org Chem 2023. [PMID: 37354120 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c00818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
A new type of axially chiral sulfonic acid was developed. The synthesis is based on cheap commercially available materials and a practical method for optical resolution via diastereomeric salt formation, which can provide both enantiomers. Eleven benzoimidazolylnaphthalenesulfonic acids were prepared and four of them were isolated as pure and stable atropisomers. Moreover, several of these sulfonic acids were transformed into triflyl imides to further expand the range of dissociation constants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Tomanová
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, 17. Listopadu 12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Iva Vaňková
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, 17. Listopadu 12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Toman
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, 17. Listopadu 12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Adam Přibylka
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, 17. Listopadu 12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Ivan Nemec
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, 17. Listopadu 12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Cankař
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, 17. Listopadu 12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
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8
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Nakanishi T, Terada M. Computational molecular refinement to enhance enantioselectivity by reinforcing hydrogen bonding interactions in major reaction pathway. Chem Sci 2023; 14:5712-5721. [PMID: 37265716 PMCID: PMC10231322 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc01637d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Computational analyses have revealed that the distortion of a catalyst and the substrates and their interactions are key to determining the stability of the transition state. Hence, two strategies "distortion strategy" and "interaction strategy" can be proposed for improving enantiomeric excess in enantioselective reactions. The "distortion strategy" is used as a conventional approach that destabilizes the TS (transition state) of the minor pathway. On the other hand, the "interaction strategy" focuses on the stabilization of the TS of the major pathway in which an enhancement of the reaction rate is expected. To realize this strategy, we envisioned the TS stabilization of the major reaction pathway by reinforcing hydrogen bonding and adopted the chiral phosphoric acid-catalysed enantioselective Diels-Alder reaction of 2-vinylquinolines with dienylcarbamates. The intended "interaction strategy" led to remarkable improvements in the enantioselectivity and reaction rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taishi Nakanishi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University 6-3 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku Sendai Miyagi 980-8578 Japan
| | - Masahiro Terada
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University 6-3 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku Sendai Miyagi 980-8578 Japan
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9
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Das S, Zhu C, Demirbas D, Bill E, De CK, List B. Asymmetric counteranion-directed photoredox catalysis. Science 2023; 379:494-499. [PMID: 36656920 DOI: 10.1126/science.ade8190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Photoredox catalysis enables distinctive and broadly applicable chemical reactions, but controlling their selectivity has proven to be difficult. The pursuit of enantioselectivity is a particularly daunting challenge, arguably because of the high energy of the activated radical (ion) intermediates, and previous approaches have invariably required pairing of the photoredox catalytic cycle with an additional activation mode for asymmetric induction. A potential solution for photoredox reactions proceeding via radical ions would be catalytic pairing with enantiopure counterions. However, although attempts toward this approach have been described, high selectivity has not yet been accomplished. Here we report a potentially general solution to radical cation-based asymmetric photoredox catalysis. We describe organic salts, featuring confined imidodiphosphorimidate counteranions that catalyze highly enantioselective [2+2]-cross cycloadditions of styrenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayantani Das
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Chendan Zhu
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Derya Demirbas
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Eckhard Bill
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Energiekonversion, D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Chandra Kanta De
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Benjamin List
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
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10
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Crafting chemical space with sulfur functional groups. TRENDS IN CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trechm.2022.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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11
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Appert E, Martin‐Mingot A, Karam O, Zunino F, Michelet B, Bouazza F, Thibaudeau S. Superacid‐Mediated Late‐Stage Aromatic Polydeuteration of Pharmaceuticals. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202201583. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202201583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emeline Appert
- Superacid Group – Organic Synthesis Team IC2MP Université de Poitiers, UMR-CNRS 7285 4 rue Michel Brunet, TSA 51106 86073 Poitiers Cedex 9 France
- @rtMolecule 1 rue Georges Bonnet, Bâtiment B37 86000 Poitiers France
| | - Agnès Martin‐Mingot
- Superacid Group – Organic Synthesis Team IC2MP Université de Poitiers, UMR-CNRS 7285 4 rue Michel Brunet, TSA 51106 86073 Poitiers Cedex 9 France
| | - Omar Karam
- @rtMolecule 1 rue Georges Bonnet, Bâtiment B37 86000 Poitiers France
| | - Fabien Zunino
- @rtMolecule 1 rue Georges Bonnet, Bâtiment B37 86000 Poitiers France
| | - Bastien Michelet
- Superacid Group – Organic Synthesis Team IC2MP Université de Poitiers, UMR-CNRS 7285 4 rue Michel Brunet, TSA 51106 86073 Poitiers Cedex 9 France
| | - Fodil Bouazza
- @rtMolecule 1 rue Georges Bonnet, Bâtiment B37 86000 Poitiers France
| | - Sébastien Thibaudeau
- Superacid Group – Organic Synthesis Team IC2MP Université de Poitiers, UMR-CNRS 7285 4 rue Michel Brunet, TSA 51106 86073 Poitiers Cedex 9 France
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12
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Moskalik MY, Astakhova VV. Triflamides and Triflimides: Synthesis and Applications. Molecules 2022; 27:5201. [PMID: 36014447 PMCID: PMC9414225 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27165201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the variety of sulfonamides, triflamides (CF3SO2NHR, TfNHR) occupy a special position in organic chemistry. Triflamides are widely used as reagents, efficient catalysts or additives in numerous reactions. The reasons for the widespread use of these compounds are their high NH-acidity, lipophilicity, catalytic activity and specific chemical properties. Their strong electron-withdrawing properties and low nucleophilicity, combined with their high NH-acidity, makes it possible to use triflamides in a vast variety of organic reactions. This review is devoted to the synthesis and use of N-trifluoromethanesulfonyl derivatives in organic chemistry, medicine, biochemistry, catalysis and agriculture. Part of the work is a review of areas and examples of the use of bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (triflimide, (CF3SO2)2NH, Tf2NH). Being one of the strongest NH-acids, triflimide, and especially its salts, are widely used as catalysts in cycloaddition reactions, Friedel-Crafts reactions, condensation reactions, heterocyclization and many others. Triflamides act as a source of nitrogen in C-amination (sulfonamidation) reactions, the products of which are useful building blocks in organic synthesis, catalysts and ligands in metal complex catalysis, and have found applications in medicine. The addition reactions of triflamide in the presence of oxidizing agents to alkenes and dienes are considered separately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail Y. Moskalik
- Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 664033 Irkutsk, Russia
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13
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Abstract
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Sulfur functional
groups are common motifs in bioactive molecules.
Sulfonamides are most prevalent but related aza-derivatives, in which
oxygen atoms are replaced by imidic nitrogens, such as sulfoximines
and sulfonimidamides, are gaining attraction. Despite this activity,
the double aza-variants of sulfonamides, termed sulfondiimidamides,
are almost completely absent from the literature. The reason for this
is poor synthetic accessibility. Although a recent synthesis has established
sulfondiimidamides as viable motifs, the length of the route and the
capricious nature of the key sulfondiimidoyl fluoride intermediates
mean that direct application to discovery chemistry is challenging.
Herein, we describe a two-step synthesis of sulfondiimidamides, exploiting
a hypervalent iodine-mediated amination as the key step. The starting
materials are organometallic reagents, an unsymmetrical sulfurdiimide,
and amines. The method allowed >40 examples to be prepared, including
derivatives of three sulfonamide-based drugs. The operational simplicity,
broad scope, and concise nature make this route attractive for discovery
chemistry applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Xin Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Charles Bell
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Mingyan Ding
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Michael C Willis
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
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14
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Zou LM, Huang XY, Zheng C, Cheng YZ, You SL. Chiral Brønsted Acid-Catalyzed Intramolecular Asymmetric Allylic Alkylation of Indoles with Primary Alcohols. Org Lett 2022; 24:3544-3548. [PMID: 35533379 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c01253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Herein, chiral Brønsted acid-catalyzed intramolecular asymmetric allylic alkylation of indoles with allylic primary alcohols is described. The allyl alcohols were directly employed as the allylic precursors in this metal-free protocol, without preactivation or any additional activating reagents. This method provides the convenient synthesis of a broad range of functionalized tetrahydrocarbazoles in excellent yields (≤97%) with good enantioselectivity (≤93% ee). The optimal conditions are compatible for gram-scale reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei-Ming Zou
- School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei-Long Road, Shanghai 200237, China.,State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xian-Yun Huang
- School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei-Long Road, Shanghai 200237, China.,State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Chao Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yuan-Zheng Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shu-Li You
- School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei-Long Road, Shanghai 200237, China.,State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
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15
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16
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Abstract
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Despite their significant
potential, catalytic asymmetric reactions
of olefins with formaldehyde are rare and metal-free approaches have
not been previously disclosed. Here we describe an enantioselective
intermolecular Prins reaction of styrenes and paraformaldehyde to
form 1,3-dioxanes, using confined imino-imidodiphosphate (iIDP) Brønsted acid catalysts. Isotope labeling experiments
and computations suggest a concerted, highly asynchronous addition
of an acid-activated formaldehyde oligomer to the olefin. The enantioenriched
1,3-dioxanes can be transformed into the corresponding optically active
1,3-diols, which are valuable synthetic building blocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- C David Díaz-Oviedo
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Rajat Maji
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Benjamin List
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
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17
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Yang Z, Zhang X, Jiang Y, Ma Q, Liao S. Organocatalytic stereoselective cationic polymerization of vinyl ethers by employing a confined brønsted acid as the catalyst. Sci China Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-021-1143-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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