1
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Shi L, Liu L, Lei X, Wang Y, Fang Y, Jiao P. Dearomative pyrrole (3+2) reaction with geminal bromonitroalkane: synthesis of 2,3-dihydropyrroles. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:6953-6956. [PMID: 38887875 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc01437e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Dearomative 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions of 1-Boc-pyrroles with in situ generated silver α-bromo alkylidenenitronates delivered a series of 3a,6a-dihydro-4-Boc-pyrrolo[2,3-d]isoxazole-2-oxides (17-91% yields) under very mild conditions. N-Deoxygenation of the cycloaddition product gave a dihydro-pyrrolo[2,3-d]isoxazole, elaborations of which produced various functionalized 2,3-dihydropyrroles and pyrrolidines, showcasing the potential utilities of our new strategy of pyrrole dearomatization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Shi
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Lidong Liu
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Xingyu Lei
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Yihan Wang
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Yeguang Fang
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Peng Jiao
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
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2
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Li T, Wei L, Wang Z, Zhang X, Yang J, Wei Y, Li P, Xu L. Vinylcyclopropane-Cyclopentene (VCP-CP) Rearrangement Enabled by Pyridine-Assisted Boronyl Radical Catalysis. Org Lett 2024; 26:5341-5346. [PMID: 38875468 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
An unprecedented VCP-CP (vinylcyclopropane-cyclopentene) rearrangement approach has been established herein by virtue of the pyridine-boronyl radical catalyzed intramolecular ring expansions. This metal-free radical pathway harnesses readily available catalysts and unactivated vinylcyclopropane starting materials, providing an array of cyclopentene derivatives chemoselectively under relatively mild conditions. Mechanistic studies support the idea that the boronyl radical engages in the generation of allylic/ketyl radical species, thus inducing the ring opening of cyclopropanes and the following intramolecular cyclization processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China
| | - Lanfeng Wei
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disasters Intelligent Prevention and Emergency Response, Xinjiang Institute of Engineering, Urumqi 830023, China
| | - Zhijun Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China
| | - Jinbo Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China
| | - Yu Wei
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China
| | - Pengfei Li
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Liang Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China
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3
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Ji P, Duan K, Li M, Wang Z, Meng X, Zhang Y, Wang W. Photochemical dearomative skeletal modifications of heteroaromatics. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:6600-6624. [PMID: 38817197 PMCID: PMC11181993 DOI: 10.1039/d4cs00137k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Dearomatization has emerged as a powerful tool for rapid construction of 3D molecular architectures from simple, abundant, and planar (hetero)arenes. The field has evolved beyond simple dearomatization driven by new synthetic technology development. With the renaissance of photocatalysis and expansion of the activation mode, the last few years have witnessed impressive developments in innovative photochemical dearomatization methodologies, enabling skeletal modifications of dearomatized structures. They offer truly efficient and useful tools for facile construction of highly complex structures, which are viable for natural product synthesis and drug discovery. In this review, we aim to provide a mechanistically insightful overview on these innovations based on the degree of skeletal alteration, categorized into dearomative functionalization and skeletal editing, and to highlight their synthetic utilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Ji
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, R. Ken Coit College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, USA.
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, USA.
| | - Kuaikuai Duan
- Tri-institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, Atlanta, USA
| | - Menglong Li
- Tianjian Laboratory of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Medical Science, School of Basic Medicinal Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China.
| | - Zhiyuan Wang
- Henan Institute of Advanced Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xiang Meng
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, R. Ken Coit College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, USA.
| | - Yueteng Zhang
- Tianjian Laboratory of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Medical Science, School of Basic Medicinal Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China.
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, R. Ken Coit College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, USA.
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4
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Nachimuthu K, Nallasivam JL. Recent updates on vinyl cyclopropanes, aziridines and oxiranes: access to heterocyclic scaffolds. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:4212-4242. [PMID: 38738483 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00246f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
This present review delineates the repertoire of vinyl cyclopropanes and their stuctural analogues to accomplish a wide array of oxa-cycles, aza-cycles, and thia-cycles under transition metal catalysis and metal-free approaches from early 2019 to the present date. The generation of electrophilic π-allyl intermediates and 1-3/1-5-dipolarophile chemistry originating from VCPs are always green, step- and atom-economical and sustainable strategies in comparsion with prefunctionalized and/or C-H activation protocols. Here, the strained ring-system extends its applicability by relieving the strain to undergo a ring-expansion reaction to accomplish 5-9 membered carbo- and heterocyclic systems. The availability of chiral ligands in the ring-expansion reaction of VCPs and their analogues has paved the way to realizing asymmetric synthetic transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiruthika Nachimuthu
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli, Tiruchirappalli-620 015, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Jothi Lakshmi Nallasivam
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli, Tiruchirappalli-620 015, Tamil Nadu, India.
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5
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Zhu M, Gao YJ, Huang XL, Li M, Zheng C, You SL. Photo-induced intramolecular dearomative [5 + 4] cycloaddition of arenes for the construction of highly strained medium-sized-rings. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2462. [PMID: 38503749 PMCID: PMC10951311 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46647-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Medium-sized-ring compounds have been recognized as challenging synthetic targets in organic chemistry. Especially, the difficulty of synthesis will be augmented if an E-olefin moiety is embedded. Recently, photo-induced dearomative cycloaddition reactions that proceed via energy transfer mechanism have witnessed significant developments and provided powerful methods for the organic transformations that are not easily realized under thermal conditions. Herein, we report an intramolecular dearomative [5 + 4] cycloaddition of naphthalene-derived vinylcyclopropanes under visible-light irradiation and a proper triplet photosensitizer. The reaction affords dearomatized polycyclic molecules possessing a nine-membered-ring with an E-olefin moiety in good yields (up to 86%) and stereoselectivity (up to 8.8/1 E/Z). Detailed computational studies reveal the origin behind the favorable formation of the thermodynamically less stable isomers. Diverse derivations of the dearomatized products have also been demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhu
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai, China
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 100 Haike Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan-Jun Gao
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu-Lun Huang
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai, China
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 100 Haike Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Muzi Li
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao Zheng
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai, China.
| | - Shu-Li You
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai, China.
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 100 Haike Road, Shanghai, China.
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6
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Dang M, Jia R, Tan K, Hao D, Yang W, Zhou CY, Guo Z. Heterogeneous Photocatalytic Ring Expansion of Cyclic Ketones for the Construction of Medium-Sized Lactams. J Org Chem 2024; 89:4031-4036. [PMID: 38447165 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Construction of medium-sized ring compounds remains challenging in synthetic chemistry. Herein, we describe the synthesis of medium-sized lactams via a photoinduced ring expansion of benzo-fused cyclic ketones using graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) as a photocatalyst. The ring expansion protocol provided an efficient access to 8-10-membered lactams in good yields and displayed good tolerance to a range of functional groups. The mechanism studies revealed that the photochemical reaction proceeds via an intermediary of a nitrogen radical, which is generated through an oxidative hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengzhen Dang
- College of Materials Science & Engineering, Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030024, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruizhi Jia
- College of Materials Science & Engineering, Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030024, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Tan
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Danyang Hao
- College of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310012, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjing Yang
- College of Materials Science & Engineering, Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030024, People's Republic of China
| | - Cong-Ying Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Guo
- College of Materials Science & Engineering, Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030024, People's Republic of China
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7
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Song TT, Mei YK, Liu Y, Wang XY, Guo SY, Ji DW, Wan B, Yuan W, Chen QA. Construction of Bridged Benzazepines via Photo-Induced Dearomatization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202314304. [PMID: 38009446 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202314304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
Bridged benzazepine scaffolds, possessing unique structural and physicochemical activities, are widespread in various natural products and drugs. The construction of these skeletons often requires elaborate synthetic effort with low efficiency. Herein, we develop a simple and divergent approach for constructing various bridged benzazepines by a photocatalytic intermolecular dearomatization of naphthalene derivatives with readily available α-amino acids. The bridged motif is created via a cascade sequence involving photocatalytic 1,4-hydroaminoalkylation, alkene isomerization and cyclization. Interestingly, the diastereoselectivity can be regulated through different reaction modes in the cyclization step. Moreover, aminohydroxylation and its further bromination have also been demonstrated to access highly functionalized bridged benzazepines. Preliminary mechanistic studies have been performed to get insights into the mechanism. This method provides a divergent synthetic approach for construction of highly functionalized bridged benzazepines, which have been otherwise difficult to access.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Ting Song
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Yong-Kang Mei
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Wang
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Shi-Yu Guo
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Ding-Wei Ji
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Boshun Wan
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Weiming Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Qing-An Chen
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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8
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Palai A, Rai P, Maji B. Rejuvenation of dearomative cycloaddition reactions via visible light energy transfer catalysis. Chem Sci 2023; 14:12004-12025. [PMID: 37969572 PMCID: PMC10631258 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc04421a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Dearomative cycloaddition is a powerful technique to access sp3-rich three-dimensional structural motifs from simple flat, aromatic feedstock. The building-up of unprecedentedly diverse polycyclic scaffolds with increased saturation and stereochemical information having various applications ranging from pharmaceutical to material sciences, is an essential goal in organic chemistry. However, the requirement of large energy inputs to disrupt the aromaticity of an arene moiety necessitates harsh reaction conditions for ground state dearomative cycloaddition. The photochemical requirement encompasses use of ultraviolet (UV) light to enable the reaction on an excited potential energy surface. The microscopic reversibility under thermal conditions and the use of high energy harmful UV irradiation in photochemical manoeuvres, however, constrain their widespread use from a synthetic point of view. In this context, the recent renaissance of visible light energy transfer (EnT) catalysis has become a powerful tool to initiate dearomative cycloaddition as a greener and more sustainable approach. The excited triplet state population is achieved by triplet energy transfer from the appropriate photosensitizer to the substrate. While employing mild visible light energy as fuel, the process leverages an enormous potential of excited state reactivity. The discovery of an impressive portfolio of organic and inorganic photosensitizers with a range of triplet energies facilitates visible light photosensitized dearomative cycloaddition of various substrates to form sp3-rich fused polycyclic architectures with diverse applications. The tutorial review comprehensively surveys the reawakening of dearomative cycloadditions via visible light-mediated energy transfer catalysis in the past five years. The progress ranges from intra- and intermolecular [2π + 2π] to [4π + 2π], and ends at intermolecular [2π + 2σ] cycloadditions. Furthermore, the review provides potential possibilities for future growth in the growing field of visible light energy transfer catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angshuman Palai
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata Mohanpur 741246 West Bengal India
| | - Pramod Rai
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata Mohanpur 741246 West Bengal India
| | - Biplab Maji
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata Mohanpur 741246 West Bengal India
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9
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Zhou X, Zhang B, Wu P, Xu W, Wang R, Li J, Zhai H, Cheng B, Wang T. Access to Chromenopyrrolidines Enabled by Organophotocatalyzed [2 + 2 + 1] Annulation of Chromones with N-Arylglycines. Org Lett 2023; 25:7512-7517. [PMID: 37811898 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c02801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
A facile approach toward chromenopyrrolidines was achieved under mild conditions via organophotocatalyzed aerobic decarboxylative [2 + 2 + 1] annulation of chromones with N-arylglycines, in which N-arylglycines perform dual roles (i.e., radical precursor and methylene provider). Mechanistic studies suggested that a Giese-type radical addition and consequent Mannich pathway were likely responsible for the annulation reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhou
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
- Institute of Marine Biomedicine/Hoffmann Institute of Advanced Materials, Shenzhen Polytechnic University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Biwei Zhang
- Institute of Marine Biomedicine/Hoffmann Institute of Advanced Materials, Shenzhen Polytechnic University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Ping Wu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Monocrystalline Silicon Semiconductor Materials and Technology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Dezhou University, Dezhou 253023, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Institute of Marine Biomedicine/Hoffmann Institute of Advanced Materials, Shenzhen Polytechnic University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Renqi Wang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Jingbai Li
- Institute of Marine Biomedicine/Hoffmann Institute of Advanced Materials, Shenzhen Polytechnic University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Hongbin Zhai
- Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Graduate School of Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Bin Cheng
- Institute of Marine Biomedicine/Hoffmann Institute of Advanced Materials, Shenzhen Polytechnic University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Taimin Wang
- Institute of Marine Biomedicine/Hoffmann Institute of Advanced Materials, Shenzhen Polytechnic University, Shenzhen 518055, China
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10
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Abstract
The concept of strain in organic compounds is as old as modern organic chemistry and was initially introduced to justify the synthetic setbacks along the synthesis of small ring systems (pars construens of strain). In the last decades, chemists have developed an arsenal of strain-release reactions (pars destruens of strain) which can generate─with significant driving force─rigid aliphatic systems that can act as three-dimensional alternatives to (hetero)arenes. Photocatalysis added an additional dimension to strain-release processes by leveraging the energy of photons to create chemical complexity under mild conditions. This perspective presents the latest advancements in strain-release photocatalysis─with emphases on mechanisms, catalytic cycles, and current limitations─the unique chemical architectures that can be produced, and possible future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Bellotti
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York 10021, New York United States
| | - Frank Glorius
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
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11
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Ma HJ, Gao K, Wang XL, Zeng JY, Yang Y, Jiang Y. AlCl 3-mediated ring-opening reactions of indoline-2-thiones with acyl cyclopropanes, bi-cyclopropanes and spirocyclic cyclopropanes. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:6312-6316. [PMID: 37493459 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob00909b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
AlCl3-mediated nucleophilic ring-opening reactions of indoline-2-thiones with various acyl cyclopropanes, bi-cyclopropanes and spirocyclic cyclopropanes were investigated. A series of ketones functionalized with indolylthio groups were synthesized in yields ranging from moderate to good. Moreover, chemical transformations of 4-indolylthio butan-1-ones to dihydro-2H-thiepino[2,3-b]indoles and sulfone were carried out to further expand both synthetic utility and structural complexity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Jie Ma
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Zigong 643000, China.
| | - Ke Gao
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Zigong 643000, China.
| | - Xue-Long Wang
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Zigong 643000, China.
| | - Jun-Yi Zeng
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Zigong 643000, China.
| | - Yi Yang
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Zigong 643000, China.
| | - Yan Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Zigong 643000, China.
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12
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Wang W, Brown MK. Photosensitized [4+2]- and [2+2]-Cycloaddition Reactions of N-Sulfonylimines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202305622. [PMID: 37395414 PMCID: PMC10528476 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202305622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of polycyclic compounds is of high interest due to the prevalence of these motifs in drugs and natural products. Herein, we report on the stereoselective construction of 3D bicyclic scaffolds and azetidine derivatives by modulation of N-sulfonylimines to achieve either [4+2]- or [2+2]-cycloaddition reactions. The utility of the method was established by further modulation of the product. Mechanistic studies are also included, which support reaction via Dexter energy transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Ave., Bloomington, IN, 47401, USA
| | - M Kevin Brown
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Ave., Bloomington, IN, 47401, USA
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13
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Mondal B, Hazra S, Chatterjee A, Patel M, Saha J. Fe-Catalyzed Hydroallylation of Unactivated Alkenes with Vinyl Cyclopropanes. Org Lett 2023. [PMID: 37481744 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c02105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Catalytic, reductive C-C bond formation between alkenes and vinyl cyclopropane (VCP) through hydrogen atom transfer (MHAT) is developed. Despite VCP's use as probes in radical-clock experiments, translation of this manifold into synthetic methods for accessing elusive C-C bonds remains largely unexplored. This work represents the first foray into this front where the high chemoselectivity of MHAT for alkene over VCP was pivotal for realizing the strategy. This method exhibits a broad scope, high functional group tolerance, and useful applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biplab Mondal
- Department of Biological and Synthetic Chemistry, Centre of Biomedical Research, Lucknow 226014, India
| | - Subhadeep Hazra
- Department of Biological and Synthetic Chemistry, Centre of Biomedical Research, Lucknow 226014, India
| | - Ayan Chatterjee
- Department of Biological and Synthetic Chemistry, Centre of Biomedical Research, Lucknow 226014, India
| | - Manveer Patel
- Department of Biological and Synthetic Chemistry, Centre of Biomedical Research, Lucknow 226014, India
| | - Jaideep Saha
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Mohali 160062, India
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14
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Lee W, Koo Y, Jung H, Chang S, Hong S. Energy-transfer-induced [3+2] cycloadditions of N-N pyridinium ylides. Nat Chem 2023:10.1038/s41557-023-01258-2. [PMID: 37365339 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-023-01258-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Photocycloaddition is a powerful reaction to enable the conversion of alkenes into high-value synthetic materials that are normally difficult to obtain under thermal conditions. Lactams and pyridines, both prominent in pharmaceutical applications, currently lack effective synthetic strategies to combine them within a single molecular structure. Here we describe an efficient approach to diastereoselective pyridyl lactamization via a photoinduced [3+2] cycloaddition, based on the unique triplet-state reactivity of N-N pyridinium ylides in the presence of a photosensitizer. The corresponding triplet diradical intermediates allow the stepwise radical [3+2] cycloaddition with a broad range of activated and unactivated alkenes under mild conditions. This method exhibits excellent efficiency, diastereoselectivity and functional group tolerance, providing a useful synthon for ortho-pyridyl γ- and δ-lactam scaffolds with syn-configuration in a single step. Combined experimental and computational studies reveal that the energy transfer process leads to a triplet-state diradical of N-N pyridinium ylides, which promotes the stepwise cycloaddition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wooseok Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Yejin Koo
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Hoimin Jung
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Sukbok Chang
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Sungwoo Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea.
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, Korea.
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15
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Bhakat M, Khatua B, Biswas P, Guin J. Brønsted Acid-Promoted Intermolecular Dearomative Photocycloaddition of Bicyclic Azaarenes with Olefins under Aerobic Conditions. Org Lett 2023; 25:3089-3093. [PMID: 37096800 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c00917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we present a simplified reaction protocol for the dearomatization of bicyclic azaarenes via photochemical cycloaddition with alkenes using an Ir(III) photosensitizer, trifluoroacetic acid (TFA), dichloroethane, and a blue light-emitting diode. An efficient protonation of azaarenes with TFA enhances the reactivity of triplet azaarene toward olefins, enabling the photocycloaddition under aerobic conditions. The protocol applies to a broad range of substrates. Control experiments indicate a strong correlation between the degree of protonation of azaarene and the product yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manotosh Bhakat
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Bitasik Khatua
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Promita Biswas
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Joyram Guin
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
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16
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Lv X, Qi YN, Wang J, Zhao X, Jiang Z. Photoinduced Vinylogous Dearomatization. Org Lett 2023; 25:3114-3119. [PMID: 37096799 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c00966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
The first vinylogous dearomatization is reported. Under a photoinduced platform, various benzothiophenes functionalized by ketones at the 3-position could react with 3-methylenechroman-4-ones efficiently, leading to a variety of valuable products that contain the pharmaceutically significant chromones and 2,3-dihydrobenzo[b]thiophenes concurrently. The transformations were revealed to experience hydrogen-atom transfer, dearomatization, olefin migration, and radical cross coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Lv
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University; Pingyuan Laboratory, Xinxiang 453007, Henan, P. R. China
| | - Ya-Nan Qi
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University; Pingyuan Laboratory, Xinxiang 453007, Henan, P. R. China
| | - Jiahao Wang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University; Pingyuan Laboratory, Xinxiang 453007, Henan, P. R. China
| | - Xiaowei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno-Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, Henan, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyong Jiang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University; Pingyuan Laboratory, Xinxiang 453007, Henan, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno-Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, Henan, P. R. China
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17
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Zhen G, Zeng G, Jiang K, Wang F, Cao X, Yin B. Visible-Light-Induced Diradical-Mediated ipso-Cyclization towards Double Dearomative [2+2]-Cycloaddition or Smiles-Type Rearrangement. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203217. [PMID: 36460618 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
When mono-radical ipso-cyclization of aryl sulfonamides tend to undergo Smiles-type rearrangement through aromatization-driven C-S bond cleavage, diradical-mediated cyclization must perform in a distinct reaction pathway. It is interesting meanwhile challenging to tune the rate of C-S bond cleavage to achieve a chemically divergent reaction of (hetero) aryl sulfonamides in a visible-light induced energy transfer (EnT) reaction pathway involving diradical species. Herein a chemically divergent reaction based on the designed indole-tethered (hetero)arylsulfonamides is reported which involves a diradical-mediated ipso-cyclization and a controllable cleavage of an inherent C-S bond. The combined experimental and computational results have revealed that the cleavage of the C-S bond in these substrates can be controlled by tuning the heteroaryl moieties: a) If the (hetero)aryl is thienyl, furyl, phenanthryl, etc., the radical coupling of double dearomative diradicals (DDDR) precedes over C-S bond cleavage to afford cyclobutene fused indolines by double dearomative [2+2]-cycloaddition; b) if the (hetero)aryl is phenyl, naphthyl, pyridyl, indolyl etc., the cleavage of C-S bond in DDDR is favored over radical coupling to afford biaryl products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangjin Zhen
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology (SCUT), State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Guohui Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology (SCUT), State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Kai Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology (SCUT), State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Furong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology (SCUT), State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohui Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Biaolin Yin
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology (SCUT), State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
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18
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Bao M, Xie X, Huang J, Doyle MP, Ren Z, Yue H, Xu X. Divergent Construction of N-Doped Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons with Indole as the Nitrogen Source Building Block. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202300140. [PMID: 36705339 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202300140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
An Ag/Au-catalyzed divergent cascade reaction of alkyne embedded diazoketones with indoles has been described. Preliminary mechanistic studies indicate that the reaction goes through a [4+2]-cycloaddition of an in situ formed isobenzopyrylium intermediate with indole, followed by a sequential retro-Michael addition/carbene N-H insertion process to give the benzo[i]phenanthridines products with gold catalysis; whereas a dearomatization/rearomatization sequence occurs favourably when the reaction is catalyzed by a silver catalyst, delivering benzo[b]carbazoles in generally high to excellent yields. Notably, this is a rare example of using indole as the dienophile for cycloaddition with the isobenzopyrylium species, providing a concise and practical approach for the selective construction of N-doped polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) with structural diversity and broad functional-group compatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Bao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Xiongda Xie
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Jingjing Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Michael P Doyle
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, 78249, USA
| | - Zhi Ren
- College of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, 518118, P. R. China
| | - Haibo Yue
- College of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, 518118, P. R. China
| | - Xinfang Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
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19
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Li JL, Yang XL, Shen S, Niu X. Synthesis of 10-Phenanthrenols via Photosensitized Triplet Energy Transfer, Photoinduced Electron Transfer, and Cobalt Catalysis. J Org Chem 2022; 87:16458-16472. [PMID: 36441578 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Due to the inert redox activity and high triplet energy, radical chemistry of 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds usually requires prefunctionalization substrates, external oxidant, and high-energy UV light. Here, we report a visible-light-driven photocatalyst/cobaloxime system composed of a photosensitized energy transfer reaction (PEnT) and photoinduced electron transfer reaction (PET) and with an interrupted 6π-photocyclization/dehydrogenative aromatization in one pot to synthesize 10-phenanthrenols. Preliminary mechanistic studies revealed that fac-Ir(ppy)3 plays the dual roles of energy transfer catalysis for photocycloaddition via 1,2-biradical intermediates of 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds and photoredox/cobaloxime catalysis dehydrogenative aromatization of 1,4-biradical rather than the intermediates via 6π photocyclization in the tandem reaction. In contrast to previous well-established radical chemistry of 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds, we provide a new strategy for the activation of 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds under visible light catalysis, affording a novel cyclization strategy with extremely high atom economy for the synthesis of 10-phenanthrenols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Li Li
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education and College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, P. R. China
| | - Xiu-Long Yang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education and College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, P. R. China
| | - Shigang Shen
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education and College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoying Niu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education and College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, P. R. China.,Postdoctoral Research Station of Chemistry Affiliated College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, P. R. China
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20
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Kratena N, Marinic B, Donohoe TJ. Recent advances in the dearomative functionalisation of heteroarenes. Chem Sci 2022; 13:14213-14225. [PMID: 36545133 PMCID: PMC9749106 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc04638e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Dearomatisation reactions of (hetero)arenes have been widely employed as efficient methods to obtain highly substituted saturated cyclic compounds for over a century. In recent years, research in this area has shifted towards effecting additional C-C bond formation during the overall dearomative process. Moving away from classical hydrogenation-based strategies a wide range of reagents were found to be capable of initiating dearomatisation through nucleophilic addition (typically a reduction) or photochemically induced radical addition. The dearomatisation process gives rise to reactive intermediates which can be intercepted in an intra- or intermolecular fashion to deliver products with significantly increased molecular complexity when compared to simple dearomatisation. In this Perspective recent examples and strategies for the dearomative functionalisation of heteroaromatic systems will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Kratena
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford 12 Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Bruno Marinic
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford 12 Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Timothy J Donohoe
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford 12 Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
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21
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Wang W, Cai Y, Guo R, Brown MK. Synthesis of complex bicyclic scaffolds by intermolecular photosensitized dearomative cycloadditions of activated alkenes and naphthalenes. Chem Sci 2022; 13:13582-13587. [PMID: 36507189 PMCID: PMC9682912 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc04789f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapid buildup of molecular complexity from simple precursors is a key goal in organic chemistry. One strategy to achieve this is through a dearomative cycloaddition wherein a 2D arene and alkene is converted to a 3D structure. In many cases this type of reactivity has been achieved with photochemistry. Despite the prospect of such a reaction, most known variants are intramolecular, which greatly limits the scope of chemical space that can be accessed. Intermolecular variants are known but are generally limited to heterocyclic systems such as indoles or quinolines. Herein, a method for intermolecular dearomative cycloaddition of simple naphthalenes with alkenes is presented. The reactions operate by a photoinduced sensitization of the arene. The bridged bicyclic products are generated with control of regiochemistry and function for a range of alkenes. In addition, the products can serve as useful intermediates as demonstrated in the synthesis of a biologically active benzazapine analog. Mechanistic studies are also included, which support reaction via a triplet excited state and that the selectivity can be rationalized by spin-density calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University800 E. Kirkwood AveBloomingtonIN 47405USA
| | - Yanyao Cai
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University800 E. Kirkwood AveBloomingtonIN 47405USA
| | - Renyu Guo
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University800 E. Kirkwood AveBloomingtonIN 47405USA
| | - M. Kevin Brown
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University800 E. Kirkwood AveBloomingtonIN 47405USA
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22
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Xiao JA, Peng H, Zhang H, Meng RF, Lin C, Su W, Huang Y. Synergistic Sc(III)/Au(I)-Catalyzed Dearomative Spiroannulation of 2-(Ethynyl)aryl Cyclopropanes with 2-Aryl Indoles. Org Lett 2022; 24:8709-8713. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c03679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun-An Xiao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, P.R. China
| | - Hai Peng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, P.R. China
| | - Huan Zhang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, P.R. China
| | - Ru-Fang Meng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, P.R. China
| | - Chenxiang Lin
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, P.R. China
| | - Wei Su
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, P.R. China
| | - Yanmin Huang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, P.R. China
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23
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Gall BK, Smith AK, Ferreira EM. Dearomative (3+2) Cycloadditions between Indoles and Vinyldiazo Species Enabled by a Red-Shifted Chromium Photocatalyst. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202212187. [PMID: 36063422 PMCID: PMC9828771 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202212187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
A direct dearomative photocatalyzed (3+2) cycloaddition between indoles and vinyldiazo reagents is described. The transformation is enabled by the development of a novel oxidizing CrIII photocatalyst, its specific reactivity attributed to increased absorptive properties over earlier Cr analogs and greater stability than Ru counterparts. A variety of fused indoline compounds are synthesized using this method, including densely functionalized ring systems that are feasible due to base-free conditions. Experimental insights corroborate a cycloaddition initiated by nucleophilic attack at C3 of the indole radical cation by the vinyldiazo species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley K. Gall
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGA 30602USA
| | - Avery K. Smith
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGA 30602USA
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24
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Guo R, Adak S, Bellotti P, Gao X, Smith WW, Le SN, Ma J, Houk KN, Glorius F, Chen S, Brown MK. Photochemical Dearomative Cycloadditions of Quinolines and Alkenes: Scope and Mechanism Studies. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:17680-17691. [PMID: 36106902 PMCID: PMC9840784 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c07726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Photochemical dearomative cycloaddition has emerged as a useful strategy to rapidly generate molecular complexity. Within this context, stereo- and regiocontrolled intermolecular para-cycloadditions are rare. Herein, a method to achieve photochemical cycloaddition of quinolines and alkenes is shown. Emphasis is placed on generating sterically congested products and reaction of highly substituted alkenes and allenes. In addition, the mechanistic details of the process are studied, which revealed a reversible radical addition and a selectivity-determining radical recombination. The regio- and stereochemical outcome of the reaction is also rationalized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renyu Guo
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana47405, United States
| | - Souvik Adak
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana47405, United States
| | - Peter Bellotti
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 36, 48149Münster, Germany
| | - Xinfeng Gao
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana47405, United States
| | - W Walker Smith
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana47405, United States
| | - Sam Ngan Le
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Oberlin College, 119 Woodland Street, Oberlin, Ohio44074, United States
| | - Jiajia Ma
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 36, 48149Münster, Germany
| | - K N Houk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California90095, United States
| | - Frank Glorius
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 36, 48149Münster, Germany
| | - Shuming Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Oberlin College, 119 Woodland Street, Oberlin, Ohio44074, United States
| | - M Kevin Brown
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana47405, United States
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25
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Zhu M, Zhang X, Zheng C, You SL. Energy-Transfer-Enabled Dearomative Cycloaddition Reactions of Indoles/Pyrroles via Excited-State Aromatics. Acc Chem Res 2022; 55:2510-2525. [PMID: 35943728 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.2c00412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Exploring the enormous chemical space through an expedient building-up of molecular diversity is an important goal of organic chemistry. The development of synthetic methods toward molecules with unprecedented structural motifs lays the foundation for wide applications ranging from pharmaceutical chemistry to materials science. In this regard, the dearomatization of arenes has been recognized as a unique strategy since it provides novel retrosynthetic disconnections for various spiro or fused polycyclic molecules with increased saturation and stereoisomerism. However, inherent thermodynamic challenges are associated with dearomatization processes. The disruption of the aromaticity of arene substrates usually requires large energy inputs, which makes harsh conditions necessary for many ground-state dearomatization reactions. Therefore, further expansion of the scope of dearomatization reactions remains a major problem not fully solved in organic chemistry.The past decade has witnessed tremendous progress on photocatalytic reactions under visible light. Particularly, reactions via an energy transfer mechanism have unlocked new opportunities for dearomatization reactions. Mediated by appropriately chosen photosensitizers, aromatic substrates can be excited. This kind of precise energy input might make feasible some dearomatization reactions that are otherwise unfavorable under thermal conditions because of the significant energy increases of the substrates. Nevertheless, the lifetimes of key intermediates in energy-transfer-enabled reactions, such as excited-state aromatics and downstream biradical species, are quite short. How to regulate the reactivities of these transient intermediates to achieve exclusive selectivity toward a certain reaction pathway among many possibilities is a crucial issue to be addressed.Since 2019, our group has reported a series of visible-light-induced dearomative cycloaddition reactions for indole and pyrrole derivatives. It was found that the aromatic units in substrates can be excited under the irradiation of visible light in the presence of a suitable photosensitizer. These excited aromatics readily undergo various [m + n] cycloaddition reactions with appropriately tethered unsaturated functionalities including alkenes, alkynes, N-alkoxy oximes, (hetero)arenes, and vinylcyclopropanes. The reactions yield polycyclic indolines and pyrrolines with highly strained small- and/or medium-sized rings embedded, some of which possess unique bridge- or cagelike topologies. Systematic mechanistic studies confirmed the involvement of an energy transfer process. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations revealed the correlation between the substrate structure and the excitation efficiency, which accelerated the optimization of the reaction parameters. Meanwhile, DFT calculations demonstrated the competition between kinetically and thermodynamically controlled pathways for the open-shell singlet biradical intermediates, which allowed the complete switches from [2 + 2] cycloaddition to 1,5-hydrogen atom transfer in reactions with N-alkoxy oximes and to [4 + 2] cycloaddition in reactions with naphthalene. Furthermore, ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulations uncovered post-spin crossing dynamic effects, which determine the regioselectivity for the open-shell singlet biradical recombination step in the reactions of pyrrole-derived vinylcyclopropanes.An increasing number of scientists have joined in the research on visible-light-induced dearomative cycloaddition reactions and contributed to more elegant examples in this area. The visible-light-induced dearomatization reaction via energy transfer mechanism, although still in its infancy, has exhibited great potential in the synthesis of molecules that can hardly be accessed by other methods. We believe that future development will further push the boundary of organic chemistry and find applications in the synthesis of functional molecules and related disciplines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China.,School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 100 Haike Road, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, 8 Shangsan Lu, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Chao Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shu-Li You
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China.,School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 100 Haike Road, Shanghai 201210, China
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26
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Duan SB, Zhang HY, Ma Y, Zhao J, Han YP, Zhang Y, Liang YM. Palladium-Catalyzed Intramolecular Heck Dearomative Alkenylation of Indoles with N-Tosylhydrazones. J Org Chem 2022; 87:10917-10927. [PMID: 35948085 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
An elegant Pd-catalyzed intramolecular Heck dearomative alkenylation of aryl iodides with functionalized N-tosylhydrazones proceeded through a sequential dearomative carbopalladation, migratory insertion, and β-hydride elimination in the presence of Pd(CF3COO)2 (10 mol %), PPh3 (30 mol %), and Cs2CO3 (2.0 equiv) in 1,4-dioxane (2.0 mL) at 120 °C for 14 h under an argon atmosphere. This cascade cycloaddition protocol provided a reliable and versatile approach to a sequence of structurally diverse indolines in moderate to good yields with good functional group compatibility. In addition, the synthetic robustness of the methodology is highlighted by a scaled-up experiment and derivatization of products via epoxidation and reduction reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Bo Duan
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Yu Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Ma
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiquan Zhao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Ping Han
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuecheng Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Min Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
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27
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Chen P, Huang PF, Xiong BQ, Huang HW, Tang KW, Liu Y. Visible-Light-Induced Decarboxylative Alkylation/Ring Opening and Esterification of Vinylcyclopropanes. Org Lett 2022; 24:5726-5730. [PMID: 35920748 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c02151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A visible-light-induced four-component reaction of vinylcyclopropanes, N-(acyloxy)phthalimide esters, N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), and H2O through an oxidative ring opening of cyclopropane is presented. This procedure provides a new and effective way to construct formate esters. DMF is employed as both a solvent and the source of CHO. This difunctionalization of vinylcyclopropanes shows good functional group tolerance under room temperature. A radical pathway is involved, and carbonyl oxygen of ester originated from water in this transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pu Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang, Hunan 414006, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan 411105, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng-Fei Huang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang, Hunan 414006, People's Republic of China
| | - Bi-Quan Xiong
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang, Hunan 414006, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua-Wen Huang
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan 411105, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke-Wen Tang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang, Hunan 414006, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang, Hunan 414006, People's Republic of China
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28
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Recent Advances in the Synthesis of Indolines via Dearomative Annulation of
N
‐acylindoles. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202200312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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29
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Shi Q, Liao Z, Liu Z, Wen J, Li C, He J, Deng J, Cen S, Cao T, Zhou J, Zhu S. Divergent synthesis of benzazepines and bridged polycycloalkanones via dearomative rearrangement. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4402. [PMID: 35906217 PMCID: PMC9338057 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31920-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The dearomative functionalization of aromatic compounds represents a fascinating but challenging transformation, as it typically needs to overcome a great kinetic barrier. Here, a catalyst-free dearomative rearrangement of o-nitrophenyl alkyne is successfully established by leveraging the remote oxygen transposition and a weak N-O bond acceleration. This reaction features high atom-, step- and redox-economy, which provides a divergent entry to a series of biologically important benzazepines and bridged polycycloalkanones. The reaction is proposed to proceed through a tandem oxygen transfer cyclization/(3 + 2) cycloaddition/(homo-)hetero-Claisen rearrangement reaction. The resulting polycyclic system is richly decorated with transformable functionalities, such as carbonyl, imine and diene, which enables diversity-oriented synthesis of alkaloid-like polycyclic framework. The dearomative functionalization of aromatic compounds represents a challenging transformation, as it typically needs to overcome a great kinetic barrier. Here, the authors disclose a weak-bond-accelerated, catalyst-free dearomative [3,3]-rearrangement of o-nitrophenyl alkyne for the divergent synthesis of benzazepines and bridged polycycloalkanones via remote oxygen transposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu Shi
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Zhehui Liao
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Zhili Liu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Jiajia Wen
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Chenguang Li
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Jiamin He
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Jiazhen Deng
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Shan Cen
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Tongxiang Cao
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
| | - Jinming Zhou
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China.
| | - Shifa Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
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30
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Guo R, Chang YC, Herter L, Salome C, Braley SE, Fessard TC, Brown MK. Strain-Release [2π + 2σ] Cycloadditions for the Synthesis of Bicyclo[2.1.1]hexanes Initiated by Energy Transfer. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:7988-7994. [PMID: 35476547 PMCID: PMC9832330 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c02976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Saturated bicycles are becoming ever more important in the design and development of new pharmaceuticals. Here a new strategy for the synthesis of bicyclo[2.1.1]hexanes is described. These bicycles are significant because they have defined exit vectors, yet many substitution patterns are underexplored as building blocks. The process involves sensitization of a bicyclo[1.1.0]butane followed by cycloaddition with an alkene. The scope and mechanistic details of the method are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renyu Guo
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Yu-Che Chang
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Loic Herter
- SpiroChem AG, 4058 Basel, Switzerland; Bio-Functional Chemistry (UMR 7199), LabEx Medalis, University of Strasbourg, 67400 Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
| | | | - Sarah E. Braley
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | | | - M. Kevin Brown
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
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31
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Rao CN, Reissig HU. Samarium(II)‐Promoted Cyclizations of Non‐activated Indolyl Sulfinyl Imines to Polycyclic Tertiary Carbinamines. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chintada Nageswara Rao
- Freie Universität Berlin: Freie Universitat Berlin Institut für Chemie und Biochemie 14195 Berlin GERMANY
| | - Hans-Ulrich Reissig
- Freie Universität Berlin Institut für Chemie und Biochemie Takustr. 3 14195 Berlin GERMANY
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32
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Serafino A, Chiminelli M, Balestri D, Marchiò L, Bigi F, Maggi RM, Malacria M, Maestri G. Dimerizing cascades of enallenamides reveal the visible-light-promoted activation of cumulated C-C double bonds. Chem Sci 2022; 13:2632-2639. [PMID: 35340858 PMCID: PMC8890112 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc06719b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The visible-light-promoted activation of conjugated C-C double bonds is well developed, while that of cumulated systems is underexplored. We present the feasibility of this challenging approach. The localization of a triplet on an allenamide arm can be favored over that on a conjugated alkene. Allenamides with an arylacryloyl arm dimerize at room temperature in the presence of visible light and an iridium(iii) photocatalyst. Two orthogonal polycyclizations took place and their outcome is entirely dictated by the substitution of the alkene partner. Both cascades afford complex molecular architectures with high selectivity. Products form through the ordered rearrangement of twelve π electrons, providing a [3.2.0] bicyclic unit tethered to a fused tricycle, whose formation included an aryl C-H functionalization step, using disubstituted alkenes. The outcome was reverted with trisubstituted ones, which gave rise to taxane-like bridged tricycles that had two six-membered lactams flanking a cyclooctane ring, which was established through the creation of four alternate C-C bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Serafino
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, Università di Parma Parco Area Delle Scienze 17/A 43124 Parma Italy
| | - Maurizio Chiminelli
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, Università di Parma Parco Area Delle Scienze 17/A 43124 Parma Italy
| | - Davide Balestri
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, Università di Parma Parco Area Delle Scienze 17/A 43124 Parma Italy
| | - Luciano Marchiò
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, Università di Parma Parco Area Delle Scienze 17/A 43124 Parma Italy
| | - Franca Bigi
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, Università di Parma Parco Area Delle Scienze 17/A 43124 Parma Italy .,IMEM-CNR Parco Area Delle Scienze 37/A 43124 Parma Italy
| | - Rai-Mondo Maggi
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, Università di Parma Parco Area Delle Scienze 17/A 43124 Parma Italy
| | - Max Malacria
- Sorbonne Université, Faculty of Science and Engineering, IPCM (UMR CNRS 8232) 4 Place Jussieu 75252 Paris Cedex 05 France
| | - Giovanni Maestri
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, Università di Parma Parco Area Delle Scienze 17/A 43124 Parma Italy
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33
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Cheng YZ, Feng Z, Zhang X, You SL. Visible-light induced dearomatization reactions. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:2145-2170. [PMID: 35212320 DOI: 10.1039/c9cs00311h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Dearomatization reactions provide rapid access to structurally complex three-dimensional molecules from simple aromatic compounds. Plenty of reports have demonstrated their utilities in the synthesis of natural products, medicinal chemistry, and materials science in the last decades. Recently, visible-light mediated photocatalysis has emerged as a powerful tool to promote many kinds of transformations. The dearomatization reactions induced by visible-light have also made significant progress during the past several years. This review provides an overview of visible-light induced dearomatization reactions classified based on the manner in which aromaticity is disrupted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Zheng Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Zuolijun Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China.
| | - Shu-Li You
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China.
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34
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Song YF, Niu X, Zhao J, Shen S, Yang XL. Visible-light-mediated defluorinative cyclization of α-fluoro-β-enamino esters catalyzed by 4-CzIPN. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo00412g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Using 4-CzIPN as an energy transfer (EnT) photocatalyst and α-fluoro-β-enamino esters as the substrates, a mild 6π-photocyclization/defluorination of N-aryl enamines was carried out to efficiently construct indoles without oxidant and...
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35
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Zhu M, Zheng C. Post-spin crossing dynamics determine the regioselectivity in open-shell singlet biradical recombination. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo01757h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Comprehensive computational studies reveal unique dynamic effects in a multi-spin-state reaction that determine the regioselectivity of a biradical recombination process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 100 Haike Road, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Chao Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
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36
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Stereoselective construction of cycloheptene-fused indoline frameworks through photosensitised formal [5+2] cycloaddition. Tetrahedron Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2021.153588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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37
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Yang Z, Wei Y, Yang C, Li Y, Ding C, Xu B. Palladium‐Catalyzed [3+2] Cycloaddition of Activated Butadienylcyclopropanes. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202100683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi‐Xiong Yang
- Department of Chemistry Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong) Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair Innovative Drug Research Center Qianweichang College School of Medicine Shanghai University Shanghai 200444 P. R. China
| | - Yu‐Qing Wei
- Department of Chemistry Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong) Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair Innovative Drug Research Center Qianweichang College School of Medicine Shanghai University Shanghai 200444 P. R. China
| | - Cun Yang
- Department of Chemistry Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong) Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair Innovative Drug Research Center Qianweichang College School of Medicine Shanghai University Shanghai 200444 P. R. China
| | - Yun‐Fan Li
- Department of Chemistry Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong) Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair Innovative Drug Research Center Qianweichang College School of Medicine Shanghai University Shanghai 200444 P. R. China
| | - Chang‐Hua Ding
- Department of Chemistry Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong) Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair Innovative Drug Research Center Qianweichang College School of Medicine Shanghai University Shanghai 200444 P. R. China
| | - Bin Xu
- Department of Chemistry Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong) Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair Innovative Drug Research Center Qianweichang College School of Medicine Shanghai University Shanghai 200444 P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200032 P. R. China
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