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Kołodziejczyk A, Wróblewska A, Pietrzak M, Pyrcz P, Błaziak K, Szmigielski R. Dissociation constants of relevant secondary organic aerosol components in the atmosphere. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 351:141166. [PMID: 38224752 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
The presented studies focus on measuring the determination of the acidity constant (pKa) of relevant secondary organic aerosol components. For our research, we selected important oxidation products (mainly carboxylic acids) of the most abundant terpene compounds, such as α-pinene, β-pinene, β-caryophyllene, and δ-3-carene. The research covered the synthesis and determination of the acidity constant of selected compounds. We used three methods to measure the acidity constant, i.e., 1H NMR titration, pH-metric titration, Bates-Schwarzenbach spectrophotometric method. Moreover, the pKa values were calculated with Marvin 21.17.0 software to compare the experimentally derived values with those calculated from the chemical structure. pKa values measured with 1H NMR titration ranged from 3.51 ± 0.01 for terebic acid to 5.18 ± 0.06 for β-norcaryophyllonic acid. Moreover, the data determined by the 1H NMR method revealed a good correlation with the data obtained with the commonly used potentiometric and UV-spectroscopic methods (R2 = 0.92). In contrast, the comparison with in silico results exhibits a relatively low correlation (R2Marvin = 0.66). We found that most of the values calculated with the Marvin Program are lower than experimental values obtained with pH-metric titration with an average difference of 0.44 pKa units. For di- and tricarboxylic acids, we obtained two and three pKa values, respectively. A good correlation with the literature values was observed, for example, Howell and Fisher (1958) used pH-metric titration and measured pKa1 and pKa2 to be 4.48 and 5.48, while our results are 4.24 ± 0.10 and 5.40 ± 0.02, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Kołodziejczyk
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Aleksandra Wróblewska
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mariusz Pietrzak
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Patryk Pyrcz
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kacper Błaziak
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, ul. Pasteura 1, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland; Biological and Chemical Research Center, University of Warsaw, ul. Żwirki i Wigury 101, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Rafał Szmigielski
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
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Kenseth CM, Hafeman NJ, Rezgui SP, Chen J, Huang Y, Dalleska NF, Kjaergaard HG, Stoltz BM, Seinfeld JH, Wennberg PO. Particle-phase accretion forms dimer esters in pinene secondary organic aerosol. Science 2023; 382:787-792. [PMID: 37972156 DOI: 10.1126/science.adi0857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) is ubiquitous in the atmosphere and plays a pivotal role in climate, air quality, and health. The production of low-volatility dimeric compounds through accretion reactions is a key aspect of SOA formation. However, despite extensive study, the structures and thus the formation mechanisms of dimers in SOA remain largely uncharacterized. In this work, we elucidate the structures of several major dimer esters in SOA from ozonolysis of α-pinene and β-pinene-substantial global SOA sources-through independent synthesis of authentic standards. We show that these dimer esters are formed in the particle phase and propose a mechanism of nucleophilic addition of alcohols to a cyclic acylperoxyhemiacetal. This chemistry likely represents a general pathway to dimeric compounds in ambient SOA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M Kenseth
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Nicholas J Hafeman
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Samir P Rezgui
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Yuanlong Huang
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Nathan F Dalleska
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Henrik G Kjaergaard
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Brian M Stoltz
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - John H Seinfeld
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Paul O Wennberg
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
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Ghosh S. Enantioselective terpene emission signifies forest climate response mechanism. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 28:382-385. [PMID: 36732174 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2023.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Forest vegetation produces terpene enantiomers, but atmospheric emission mechanisms and ecological functions remain poorly understood. In a study on the tropical rainforest ecosystem, Byron et al. noticed distinct diel trends and sources of enantiomer emission, and a striking change in (-)-α-pinene emission under severe drought, which might favor cloud formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Ghosh
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Lucknow 226015, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
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Chiral monoterpenes reveal forest emission mechanisms and drought responses. Nature 2022; 609:307-312. [PMID: 36071188 PMCID: PMC9452298 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05020-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Monoterpenes (C10H16) are emitted in large quantities by vegetation to the atmosphere (>100 TgC year-1), where they readily react with hydroxyl radicals and ozone to form new particles and, hence, clouds, affecting the Earth's radiative budget and, thereby, climate change1-3. Although most monoterpenes exist in two chiral mirror-image forms termed enantiomers, these (+) and (-) forms are rarely distinguished in measurement or modelling studies4-6. Therefore, the individual formation pathways of monoterpene enantiomers in plants and their ecological functions are poorly understood. Here we present enantiomerically separated atmospheric monoterpene and isoprene data from an enclosed tropical rainforest ecosystem in the absence of ultraviolet light and atmospheric oxidation chemistry, during a four-month controlled drought and rewetting experiment7. Surprisingly, the emitted enantiomers showed distinct diel emission peaks, which responded differently to progressive drying. Isotopic labelling established that vegetation emitted mainly de novo-synthesized (-)-α-pinene, whereas (+)-α-pinene was emitted from storage pools. As drought progressed, the source of (-)-α-pinene emissions shifted to storage pools, favouring cloud formation. Pre-drought mixing ratios of both α-pinene enantiomers correlated better with other monoterpenes than with each other, indicating different enzymatic controls. These results show that enantiomeric distribution is key to understanding the underlying processes driving monoterpene emissions from forest ecosystems and predicting atmospheric feedbacks in response to climate change.
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Bougas L, Byron J, Budker D, Williams J. Absolute optical chiral analysis using cavity-enhanced polarimetry. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabm3749. [PMID: 35658039 PMCID: PMC9166628 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abm3749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Chiral analysis is central for scientific advancement in the fields of chemistry, biology, and medicine. It is also indispensable in the development and quality control of chiral compounds in the chemical and pharmaceutical industries. Here, we present the concept of absolute optical chiral analysis, as enabled by cavity-enhanced polarimetry, which allows for accurate unambiguous enantiomeric characterization and enantiomeric excess determination of chiral compounds within complex mixtures at trace levels, without the need for calibration, even in the gas phase. Our approach and technology enable the absolute postchromatographic chiral analysis of complex gaseous mixtures, the rapid quality control of complex mixtures containing chiral volatile compounds, and the online in situ observation of chiral volatile emissions from a plant under stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lykourgos Bougas
- Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Dmitry Budker
- Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute Mainz, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Jonathan Williams
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemie, Mainz, Germany
- Climate and Atmosphere Research Center, The Cyprus Institute, Nicosia, Cyprus
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