1
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Maltz L, Gabbaï FP. Exploring the Effects of Se Basicity on a Te···Se Interaction Supported by a Rigid Indazolium Backbone. Organometallics 2024; 43:1246-1255. [PMID: 38873571 PMCID: PMC11167644 DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.4c00094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
With an interest in chalcogen bonding, we use a rigid indazolium backbone to install a formally zero-valent Se center next to a divalent Te center, allowing us to investigate the effects of oxidation of the Se center on the observed Te···Se interaction. Through spectroscopic and computational comparison of the Se(0) species with its Se(II) counterpart and their monochalcogen analogues, we experimentally and computationally investigate the effect of modulating Se basicity on the resulting Te···Se interaction. Comparison with well-studied naphthalene and acenaphthene variants indicates that the increased basicity of the Se(0) center allows for a comparably strong Te···Se interaction despite longer peri distances and a larger splay angle. Finally, our study illuminates the potential non-innocence of cationic organic substituents in chalcogen-bonding catalysis of the transfer hydrogenation of quinolines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Logan
T. Maltz
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College
Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - François P. Gabbaï
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College
Station, Texas 77843, United States
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2
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Fellowes T, Sani MA, White JM. Fingerprints of Chalcogen Bonding Revealed Through 77Se-NMR. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400385. [PMID: 38506412 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
77Se-NMR is used to characterise several chalcogen bonded complexes of derivatives of the organoselenium drug ebselen, exploring a range of electron demand. NMR titration experiments support the intuitive understanding that chalcogen bond donors bearing more electron withdrawing substituents give rise stronger chalcogen bonds. The chemical shift of the selenium nucleus is also shown to move upfield as it participates in a chalcogen bond. Solid-state NMR is used to explore chalcogen bonding in co-crystals. Due to the lack of molecular reorientation on the NMR timescale in the solid state, the shape of the chemical shift tensor can be determined using this technique. A range of co-crystals are shown to have extremely large chemical shift anisotropy, which suggests a strongly anisotropic electron density distribution around the selenium atom. A single crystal NMR experiment was conducted using one of the co-crystals, affording the absolute orientation of the chemical shift tensor within the crystal. This showed that the selenium nucleus is strongly shielded in the direction of the chalcogen bond (due to the approach of the lone pair of the Lewis base), and strongly deshielded in the perpendicular direction. The orientation of the deshielded axis is consistent with the presence of a second σ-hole which is not participating in a chalcogen bond, showing the profound effect of electron density anisotropy on the chemical shift.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Fellowes
- Bio21 Institute and School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Marc A Sani
- Bio21 Institute and School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Jonathan M White
- Bio21 Institute and School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
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3
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Bui AH, Fernando Pulle AD, Micallef AS, Lessard JJ, Tuten BT. Dynamic Chalcogen Squares for Material and Topological Control over Macromolecules. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202404474. [PMID: 38453652 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202404474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Herein we introduce chalcogen squares via selenadiazole motifs as a new class of dynamic supramolecular bonding interactions for the modification and control of soft matter materials. We showcase selenadiazole motifs in supramolecular networks of varying primary chain length prepared through polymerization using tandem step-growth/Passerini multicomponent reactions (MCRs). Compared to controls lacking the selenadiazole motif, these networks display increased glass transition temperatures and moduli due to the chalcogen bonding linkages formed between chains. These elastomeric networks were shown to autonomously heal at room temperature, retaining up to 83 % of the ultimate tensile strength. Lastly, we use post-polymerization modification via the Biginelli MCR to add selenadiazole motifs to narrowly dispersed polymers for controlled topology in solution. Chalcogen squares via selenadiazoles introduce an exciting exchange mechanism to the realm of dynamic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron H Bui
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
| | - Anne D Fernando Pulle
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
| | - Aaron S Micallef
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
- Central Analytical Research Facility, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
| | - Jacob J Lessard
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Urbana, Champaign Urbana, Illinois, 61801, United States of America
| | - Bryan T Tuten
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
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4
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Lu T, Chen R, Liu Q, Zhong Y, Lei F, Zeng Z. Unveiling the Nature and Strength of Selenium-Centered Chalcogen Bonds in Binary Complexes of SeO 2 with Oxygen-/Sulfur-Containing Lewis Bases: Insights from Theoretical Calculations. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5609. [PMID: 38891796 PMCID: PMC11171880 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Among various non-covalent interactions, selenium-centered chalcogen bonds (SeChBs) have garnered considerable attention in recent years as a result of their important contributions to crystal engineering, organocatalysis, molecular recognition, materials science, and biological systems. Herein, we systematically investigated π-hole-type Se∙∙∙O/S ChBs in the binary complexes of SeO2 with a series of O-/S-containing Lewis bases by means of high-level ab initio computations. The results demonstrate that there exists an attractive interaction between the Se atom of SeO2 and the O/S atom of Lewis bases. The interaction energies computed at the MP2/aug-cc-pVTZ level range from -4.68 kcal/mol to -10.83 kcal/mol for the Se∙∙∙O chalcogen-bonded complexes and vary between -3.53 kcal/mol and -13.77 kcal/mol for the Se∙∙∙S chalcogen-bonded complexes. The Se∙∙∙O/S ChBs exhibit a relatively short binding distance in comparison to the sum of the van der Waals radii of two chalcogen atoms. The Se∙∙∙O/S ChBs in all of the studied complexes show significant strength and a closed-shell nature, with a partially covalent character in most cases. Furthermore, the strength of these Se∙∙∙O/S ChBs generally surpasses that of the C/O-H∙∙∙O hydrogen bonds within the same complex. It should be noted that additional C/O-H∙∙∙O interactions have a large effect on the geometric structures and strength of Se∙∙∙O/S ChBs. Two subunits are connected together mainly via the orbital interaction between the lone pair of O/S atoms in the Lewis bases and the BD*(OSe) anti-bonding orbital of SeO2, except for the SeO2∙∙∙HCSOH complex. The electrostatic component emerges as the largest attractive contributor for stabilizing the examined complexes, with significant contributions from induction and dispersion components as well.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Fengying Lei
- School of Basic Medical Sciences/School of Biology and Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China; (T.L.); (R.C.); (Q.L.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Zhu Zeng
- School of Basic Medical Sciences/School of Biology and Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China; (T.L.); (R.C.); (Q.L.); (Y.Z.)
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5
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Dukhnovsky EA, Novikov AS, Kubasov AS, Borisov AV, Sikaona ND, Kirichuk AA, Khrustalev VN, Kritchenkov AS, Tskhovrebov AG. Halogen Bond-Assisted Supramolecular Dimerization of Pyridinium-Fused 1,2,4-Selenadiazoles via Four-Center Se 2N 2 Chalcogen Bonding. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3972. [PMID: 38612782 PMCID: PMC11011651 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The synthesis and structural characterization of α-haloalkyl-substituted pyridinium-fused 1,2,4-selenadiazoles with various counterions is reported herein, demonstrating a strategy for directed supramolecular dimerization in the solid state. The compounds were obtained through a recently discovered 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction between nitriles and bifunctional 2-pyridylselenyl reagents, and their structures were confirmed by the X-ray crystallography. α-Haloalkyl-substituted pyridinium-fused 1,2,4-selenadiazoles exclusively formed supramolecular dimers via four-center Se···N chalcogen bonding, supported by additional halogen bonding involving α-haloalkyl substituents. The introduction of halogens at the α-position of the substituent R in the selenadiazole core proved effective in promoting supramolecular dimerization, which was unaffected by variation of counterions. Additionally, the impact of cocrystallization with a classical halogen bond donor C6F3I3 on the supramolecular assembly was investigated. Non-covalent interactions were studied using density functional theory calculations and topological analysis of the electron density distribution, which indicated that all ChB, XB and HB interactions are purely non-covalent and attractive in nature. This study underscores the potential of halogen and chalcogen bonding in directing the self-assembly of functional supramolecular materials employing 1,2,4-selenadiazoles derived from recently discovered cycloaddition between nitriles and bifunctional 2-pyridylselenyl reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeny A. Dukhnovsky
- Research Institute of Chemistry, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, 6 Miklukho-Maklaya Street, Moscow 117198, Russia
| | - Alexander S. Novikov
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Nab. 7/9, Saint Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - Alexey S. Kubasov
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prosp. 31, Moscow 119334, Russia
| | - Alexander V. Borisov
- Department of Chemistry, R.E. Alekseev Nizhny Novgorod State Technical University, Minin St., 24, Nizhny Novgorod 603155, Russia
| | - Nkumbu Donovan Sikaona
- Research Institute of Chemistry, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, 6 Miklukho-Maklaya Street, Moscow 117198, Russia
| | - Anatoly A. Kirichuk
- Research Institute of Chemistry, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, 6 Miklukho-Maklaya Street, Moscow 117198, Russia
| | - Victor N. Khrustalev
- Research Institute of Chemistry, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, 6 Miklukho-Maklaya Street, Moscow 117198, Russia
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prosp. 47, Moscow 119334, Russia
| | - Andreii S. Kritchenkov
- Research Institute of Chemistry, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, 6 Miklukho-Maklaya Street, Moscow 117198, Russia
| | - Alexander G. Tskhovrebov
- Research Institute of Chemistry, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, 6 Miklukho-Maklaya Street, Moscow 117198, Russia
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6
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Hu S, Zhao H, Liang M, Zhou N, Ding B, Liu X, Zeng Y, Tang B, Hao J, Xue P. Luminescent Porous Organic Crystals for Adsorptive Separation of Toluene and Methylcyclohexane. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:4863-4872. [PMID: 38237116 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c17865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
A butterfly-shaped phenothiazine derivative, PTTCN, was synthesized to obtain pure organic porous crystals for the highly efficient absorptive separation of toluene (Tol) and methylcyclohexane (Mcy). Due to the presence of three polar cyano groups and nonplanar conformation, these molecules self-assembled into a hydrogen-bonded organic framework (X-HOF-5) with distinct cavities capable of accommodating Tol molecules through multiple hydrogen-bonding interactions. Upon solvent removal via heating, the activated X-HOF-5 retained its cavity structure albeit with altered stacking arrangements, accompanied by a remarkable fluorescent color change from cyan to green. X-HOF-5a can undergo a phase transformation into X-HOF-5 upon reabsorption of Tol, while exhibiting no accommodation of Mcy due to the weak intermolecular interaction between PTTCN and Mcy. This suggests that the activated HOF material prefers Tol over Mcy. Moreover, X-HOF-5a may selectively accommodate Tol in a Tol/Mcy equimolar mixture, and the purity of Tol can reach 97% after release from the framework. Additionally, it is noteworthy that the HOF material exhibits recyclability without any discernible loss in performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siwen Hu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, P. R. China
| | - He Zhao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, P. R. China
| | - Meng Liang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, P. R. China
| | - Ningning Zhou
- School of Chemical Engineering Qinghai University, Xining 810016, P. R. China
| | - Bo Ding
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, P. R. China
| | - Xingliang Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering Qinghai University, Xining 810016, P. R. China
| | - Yongfei Zeng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, P. R. China
| | - Bo Tang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, P. R. China
| | - Jingjun Hao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, P. R. China
| | - Pengchong Xue
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, P. R. China
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7
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Eckstein BJ, Martin HR, Moghadasnia MP, Halder A, Melville MJ, Buzinski TN, Balaich GJ, McGuirk CM. Influence of donor point modifications on the assembly of chalcogen-bonded organic frameworks. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:758-761. [PMID: 38126447 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc05162e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Incremental, single-atom substitutions of Se-based chalcogen bond (Ch-bond) donors with stronger donating Te centers were implemented in two new triptycene tris(1,2,5-chalcogenadiazole) tectons. The appreciably more favorable Ch-bonding ability of the Te-based donors promotes assembly of low-density networks and more stable Ch-bonded organic frameworks (ChOFs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J Eckstein
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado, 80401, USA.
| | - Hannah R Martin
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado, 80401, USA.
| | | | - Arijit Halder
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado, 80401, USA.
| | - Michael J Melville
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado, 80401, USA.
| | - Tara N Buzinski
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado, 80401, USA.
| | - Gary J Balaich
- Department of Chemistry & Chemistry Research Center, Laboratories for Advanced Materials, United States Airforce Academy, Colorado Springs, Colorado, 80840, USA
| | - C Michael McGuirk
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado, 80401, USA.
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8
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Guo F, Ma H, Yang BB, Wang Z, Meng XG, Bu JH, Zhang C. Rigidity with Flexibility: Porous Triptycene Networks for Enhancing Methane Storage. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:156. [PMID: 38201822 PMCID: PMC10780442 DOI: 10.3390/polym16010156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
In the pursuit of advancing materials for methane storage, a critical consideration arises given the prominence of natural gas (NG) as a clean transportation fuel, which holds substantial potential for alleviating the strain on both energy resources and the environment in the forthcoming decade. In this context, a novel approach is undertaken, employing the rigid triptycene as a foundational building block. This strategy is coupled with the incorporation of dichloromethane and 1,3-dichloropropane, serving as rigid and flexible linkers, respectively. This combination not only enables cost-effective fabrication but also expedites the creation of two distinct triptycene-based hypercrosslinked polymers (HCPs), identified as PTN-70 and PTN-71. Surprisingly, despite PTN-71 manifesting an inferior Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area when compared to the rigidly linked PTN-70, it showcases remarkably enhanced methane adsorption capabilities, particularly under high-pressure conditions. At a temperature of 275 K and a pressure of 95 bars, PTN-71 demonstrates an impressive methane adsorption capacity of 329 cm3 g-1. This exceptional performance is attributed to the unique flexible network structure of PTN-71, which exhibits a pronounced swelling response when subjected to elevated pressure conditions, thus elucidating its superior methane adsorption characteristics. The development of these advanced materials not only signifies a significant stride in the realm of methane storage but also underscores the importance of tailoring the structural attributes of hypercrosslinked polymers for optimized gas adsorption performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Guo
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Yarn and Fabric Formation and Clean Production, Technology Institute, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, China;
| | - Hui Ma
- College of Life Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China; (H.M.); (B.-B.Y.); (C.Z.)
| | - Bin-Bin Yang
- College of Life Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China; (H.M.); (B.-B.Y.); (C.Z.)
| | - Zhen Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Yarn and Fabric Formation and Clean Production, Technology Institute, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, China;
- College of Life Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China; (H.M.); (B.-B.Y.); (C.Z.)
| | - Xiang-Gao Meng
- School of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Jian-Hua Bu
- Xi’an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi’an 710065, China;
| | - Chun Zhang
- College of Life Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China; (H.M.); (B.-B.Y.); (C.Z.)
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9
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Pedrini A, Marchetti D, Pinalli R, Massera C. Stimuli-Responsive, Dynamic Supramolecular Organic Frameworks. Chempluschem 2023; 88:e202300383. [PMID: 37675865 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202300383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Supramolecular organic frameworks (SOFs) are a class of three-dimensional, potentially porous materials obtained by the self-assembly of organic building blocks held together by weak interactions such as hydrogen bonds, halogen bonds, π⋅⋅⋅π stacking and dispersion forces. SOFs are being extensively studied for their potential applications in gas storage and separation, catalysis, guest encapsulation and sensing. The supramolecular forces that guide their self-assembly endow them with an attractive combination of crystallinity and flexibility, providing intelligent dynamic materials that can respond to external stimuli in a reversible way. The present review article will focus on SOFs showing dynamic behaviour when exposed to different stimuli, highlighting fundamental aspects such as the combination of tectons and supramolecular interactions involved in the framework formation, structure-property relationship and their potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Pedrini
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability and INSTM UdR Parma, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Danilo Marchetti
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability and INSTM UdR Parma, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
- Center for Materials Interfaces, Electron Crystallography, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, 56025, Pontedera, Italy
| | - Roberta Pinalli
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability and INSTM UdR Parma, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Chiara Massera
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability and INSTM UdR Parma, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
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10
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Keller W, Hofmann M, Wadepohl H, Enders M, Fanfrlík J, Hnyk D. Chlorinated polyhedral selenaboranes revisited by joint experimental/computational efforts: the formation of closo-1-SeB 9Cl 9 and the crystal structure of closo-SeB 11Cl 11. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:16886-16893. [PMID: 37916993 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt02987e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
The recent success in the formation of chlorinated telluraboranes and the reactivities of pnictogenaboranes prompted us to re-examine the vacuum co-pyrolysis of B2Cl4 with Se2Cl2 at various molar ratios and temperatures in order to search for the generation of other polyhedral selenaboranes than closo-SeB5Cl5 (1a) and closo-SeB11Cl11 (1b), the latter being observed earlier. Interestingly, a new compound with the elemental composition SeB9Cl9 (2) was detected, this time by high- and low-resolution mass spectrometry. Further characterization by 1- and 2-D 11B-NMR spectroscopy suggests that 2 should adopt a closed bicapped square-antiprismatic geometry with selenium at the apical position. Moreover, vacuum sublimation gave suitable crystals of 1b, which were subjected to single-crystal X-ray structure determination. Crystallographic data analysis confirmed that 1b, consistent with its 26 skeletal electron count, adopts a distorted icosahedral structure close to the symmetry of C5v. Computations at the DFT-D3 level have revealed that 33% of the total computed binding motifs in the grown 1b crystals are due to the very strong chalcogen bonding. Moreover, SAPT decomposition has shown that the bonding motifs in the crystals are stabilized mainly by dispersion and electrostatic terms. Homodecoupling and high resolution 11B NMR and 77Se NMR experiments have resolved both coupling constants 1J(11B11B) and 1J(77Se11B) as well as the 77Se chemical shift of 1a and 1b, which are in reasonable agreement with the corresponding computed values. The computed 11B chemical shifts of 2 were determined by the well-established DFT/GIAO/NMR structural tool based on its B3LYP/6-311+G** internal coordinates. They agree well with the experimental values and provide a good representation of the molecular structure of 2 in solution. The extraordinary downfield 11B NMR chemical shift of B(10) in 2 has been ascribed to the intensive paramagnetic contribution to the shielding tensor in this bicapped square-antiprismatic motif. Calculations of the synproportionation free energies of smaller (n - 1) closo-selenaboranes with larger-sized (n + 1) ones support the extraordinary stability of octahedral, bicapped square-antiprismatic and icosahedral closo motifs in the SeBnCln family (n = 4-12).
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Affiliation(s)
- Willi Keller
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Hohenheim, Garbenstrasse 30, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Matthias Hofmann
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hubert Wadepohl
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Markus Enders
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jindřich Fanfrlík
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Drahomír Hnyk
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 250 68 Husinec-Řež, Czech Republic.
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11
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Shields CE, Wang X, Fellowes T, Clowes R, Chen L, Day GM, Slater AG, Ward JW, Little MA, Cooper AI. Experimental Confirmation of a Predicted Porous Hydrogen-Bonded Organic Framework. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202303167. [PMID: 37021635 PMCID: PMC10952618 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202303167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks (HOFs) with low densities and high porosities are rare and challenging to design because most molecules have a strong energetic preference for close packing. Crystal structure prediction (CSP) can rank the crystal packings available to an organic molecule based on their relative lattice energies. This has become a powerful tool for the a priori design of porous molecular crystals. Previously, we combined CSP with structure-property predictions to generate energy-structure-function (ESF) maps for a series of triptycene-based molecules with quinoxaline groups. From these ESF maps, triptycene trisquinoxalinedione (TH5) was predicted to form a previously unknown low-energy HOF (TH5-A) with a remarkably low density of 0.374 g cm-3 and three-dimensional (3D) pores. Here, we demonstrate the reliability of those ESF maps by discovering this TH5-A polymorph experimentally. This material has a high accessible surface area of 3,284 m2 g-1 , as measured by nitrogen adsorption, making it one of the most porous HOFs reported to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin E. Shields
- Materials Innovation Factory and Department of ChemistryUniversity of Liverpool51 Oxford StreetLiverpoolL7 3NYUK
| | - Xue Wang
- Materials Innovation Factory and Department of ChemistryUniversity of Liverpool51 Oxford StreetLiverpoolL7 3NYUK
- Leverhulme Research Centre for Functional Materials DesignUniversity of Liverpool51 Oxford StreetLiverpoolL7 3NYUK
| | - Thomas Fellowes
- Materials Innovation Factory and Department of ChemistryUniversity of Liverpool51 Oxford StreetLiverpoolL7 3NYUK
- Leverhulme Research Centre for Functional Materials DesignUniversity of Liverpool51 Oxford StreetLiverpoolL7 3NYUK
| | - Rob Clowes
- Materials Innovation Factory and Department of ChemistryUniversity of Liverpool51 Oxford StreetLiverpoolL7 3NYUK
| | - Linjiang Chen
- School of Chemistry and School of Computer SciencesUniversity of Birmingham EdgbastonBirminghamB15 2TTUK
| | - Graeme M. Day
- Computational Systems Chemistry, School of ChemistryUniversity of Southampton B27, East Highfield Campus, University RoadSouthamptonSO17 1BJUK
| | - Anna G. Slater
- Materials Innovation Factory and Department of ChemistryUniversity of Liverpool51 Oxford StreetLiverpoolL7 3NYUK
| | - John W. Ward
- Materials Innovation Factory and Department of ChemistryUniversity of Liverpool51 Oxford StreetLiverpoolL7 3NYUK
- Leverhulme Research Centre for Functional Materials DesignUniversity of Liverpool51 Oxford StreetLiverpoolL7 3NYUK
| | - Marc A. Little
- Materials Innovation Factory and Department of ChemistryUniversity of Liverpool51 Oxford StreetLiverpoolL7 3NYUK
| | - Andrew I. Cooper
- Materials Innovation Factory and Department of ChemistryUniversity of Liverpool51 Oxford StreetLiverpoolL7 3NYUK
- Leverhulme Research Centre for Functional Materials DesignUniversity of Liverpool51 Oxford StreetLiverpoolL7 3NYUK
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12
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Xu R, Fellowes T, White JM. High-resolution structural study on pyridin-3-yl ebselen and its N-methylated tosylate and iodide derivatives. Acta Crystallogr C Struct Chem 2023; 79:43-51. [PMID: 36739609 PMCID: PMC9899513 DOI: 10.1107/s2053229623000062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The crystal structure of the pyridine-substituted benzisoselenazolinone 2-(pyridin-3-yl)-2,3-dihydro-1,2-benzoselenazol-3-one (C12H8N2OSe, 2), related to the antioxidant ebselen [systematic name: 2-phenyl-1,2-benzoselenazol-3(2H)-one, 1], is characterized by strong intermolecular N...Se(-N) chalcogen bonding, where the N...Se distance of 2.3831 (6) Å is well within the sum of the van der Waals radii for N and Se (3.34 Å). This strong interaction results in significant lengthening of the internal N-Se distance, consistent with significant population of the Se-N σ* antibonding orbital. Much weaker intermolecular O...Se chalcogen bonding occurs between the amide-like O atom in 2 and the less polarized C-Se bond in this structure. Charge density analysis of 2 using multipole refinement of high-resolution data allowed the electrostatic surface potential for 2 to be mapped, and clearly reveals the σ-hole at the extension of the Se-N bond as an area of positive electrostatic potential. Topological analysis of the electron-density distribution in 2 was carried out within the Quantum Theory of Atoms in Molecules (QTAIM) framework and revealed bond paths and (3,-1) bond critical points (BCPs) for the N...Se-N moiety consistent with a closed-shell interaction; however, the potential energy term is suggestive of electron sharing. Analysis of the electron localization function (ELF) for the strong N...Se and the weak O...Se chalcogen-bonding interactions in the structure of 2 suggest significant electron sharing in the former interaction, and a largely electrostatic interaction in the latter. Conversion of 2 to its N-methylated derivatives by reaction with methyl iodide [1-methyl-3-(3-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1,2-benzoselenazol-2-yl)pyridin-1-ium iodide, C13H11N2OSe+·I-] and methyl tosylate [1-methyl-3-(3-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1,2-benzoselenazol-2-yl)pyridin-1-ium toluenesulfonate trihydrate, C13H11N2OSe+·C7H7O3S-·3H2O] removes the possibility of N...Se chalcogen bonding and instead structures are obtained where the iodide and tosylate counter-ions fulfill the role of chalcogen-bond acceptors, with a strong I-...Se interaction in the iodide salt and a weaker p-Tol-SO3-...Se interaction in the tosylate salt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruyi Xu
- School of Chemistry and BIO-21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Thomas Fellowes
- School of Chemistry and BIO-21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jonathan M. White
- School of Chemistry and BIO-21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Melbourne, Australia,Correspondence e-mail:
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13
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Thaggard GC, Haimerl J, Park KC, Lim J, Fischer RA, Maldeni Kankanamalage BKP, Yarbrough BJ, Wilson GR, Shustova NB. Metal-Photoswitch Friendship: From Photochromic Complexes to Functional Materials. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:23249-23263. [PMID: 36512744 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c09879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cooperative metal-photoswitch interfaces comprise an application-driven field which is based on strategic coupling of metal cations and organic photochromic molecules to advance the behavior of both components, resulting in dynamic molecular and material properties controlled through external stimuli. In this Perspective, we highlight the ways in which metal-photoswitch interplay can be utilized as a tool to modulate a system's physicochemical properties and performance in a variety of structural motifs, including discrete molecular complexes or cages, as well as periodic structures such as metal-organic frameworks. This Perspective starts with photochromic molecular complexes as the smallest subunit in which metal-photoswitch interactions can occur, and progresses toward functional materials. In particular, we explore the role of the metal-photoswitch relationship for gaining fundamental knowledge of switchable electronic and magnetic properties, as well as in the design of stimuli-responsive sensors, optically gated memory devices, catalysts, and photodynamic therapeutic agents. The abundance of stimuli-responsive systems in the natural world only foreshadows the creative directions that will uncover the full potential of metal-photoswitch interactions in the coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace C Thaggard
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, 631 Sumter Street, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Johanna Haimerl
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, 631 Sumter Street, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States.,Inorganic and Metal-Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, Garching 85748, Germany
| | - Kyoung Chul Park
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, 631 Sumter Street, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Jaewoong Lim
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, 631 Sumter Street, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Roland A Fischer
- Inorganic and Metal-Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, Garching 85748, Germany
| | - Buddhima K P Maldeni Kankanamalage
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, 631 Sumter Street, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Brandon J Yarbrough
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, 631 Sumter Street, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Gina R Wilson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, 631 Sumter Street, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Natalia B Shustova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, 631 Sumter Street, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
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14
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Marchetti D, Portone F, Mezzadri F, Dalcanale E, Gemmi M, Pedrini A, Massera C. Selective and Reversible Solvent Uptake in Tetra-4-(4-pyridyl)phenylmethane-based Supramolecular Organic Frameworks. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202202977. [PMID: 36161363 PMCID: PMC10092063 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202202977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The dynamic behavior of supramolecular organic frameworks (SOFs) based on the rigid tetra-4-(4-pyridyl)phenylmethane (TPPM) organic tecton has been elucidated through 3D electron diffraction, X-ray powder diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis. The SOF undergoes a reversible single-crystal-to-single-crystal transformation when exposed to vapours of selected organic solvents, moving from a closed structure with isolated small voids to an expanded structure with solvated channels along the b axis. The observed selectivity is dictated by the fitting of the guest in the expanded SOF, following the degree of packing coefficient. The effect of solvent uptake on TPPM solid-state fluorescence was investigated, evidencing a significant variation in the emission profile only in the presence of chloroform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo Marchetti
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability INSTM UdR Parma, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124, Parma, Italy.,Center for Materials Interfaces Electron Crystallography, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, 56025, Pontedera, Italy
| | - Francesca Portone
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability INSTM UdR Parma, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Francesco Mezzadri
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability INSTM UdR Parma, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Enrico Dalcanale
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability INSTM UdR Parma, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Mauro Gemmi
- Center for Materials Interfaces Electron Crystallography, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, 56025, Pontedera, Italy
| | - Alessandro Pedrini
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability INSTM UdR Parma, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Chiara Massera
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability INSTM UdR Parma, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
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15
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Scheiner S. Adjusting the balance between hydrogen and chalcogen bonds. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:28944-28955. [PMID: 36416473 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp04591e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A complex is assembled which pairs a carboxyl group of X1COOH with a 1,2,5-chalcogenadiazole ring containing substituents on its C atoms. The OH of the carboxyl group donates a proton to a N atom of the ring to form a OH⋯N H-bond (HB), while its carbonyl O engages in a Y⋯O chalcogen bond (ChB) with the ring in which Y = S, Se, Te. The ChB is strengthened by enlarging the size of the Y atom from S to Se to Te. Placement of an electron-withdrawing group (EWG) X1 on the acid strengthens the HB while weakening the ChB; the reverse occurs when EWGs are placed on the ring. By selection of the proper substituents on the two units, it is possible to achieve a near perfect balance between the strengths of these two bonds. These bond strengths are also reflected in the NMR spectroscopic properties of the chemical shielding of the various atoms and the coupling between the nuclei directly involved in each bond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve Scheiner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322-0300, USA.
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16
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Sapronov AA, Artemjev AA, Burkin GM, Khrustalev VN, Kubasov AS, Nenajdenko VG, Gomila RM, Frontera A, Kritchenkov AS, Tskhovrebov AG. Robust Supramolecular Dimers Derived from Benzylic-Substituted 1,2,4-Selenodiazolium Salts Featuring Selenium⋯π Chalcogen Bonding. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314973. [PMID: 36499302 PMCID: PMC9740427 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The series of benzylic-substituted 1,2,4-selenodiazolium salts were prepared via cyclization reaction between 2-pyridylselenyl chlorides and nitriles and fully characterized. Substitution of the Cl anion by weakly binding anions promoted the formation supramolecular dimers featuring four center Se2N2 chalcogen bonding and two antiparallel selenium⋯π interactions. Chalcogen bonding interactions were studied using density functional theory calculations, molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) surfaces, the quantum theory of atoms-in-molecules (QTAIM), and the noncovalent interaction (NCI) plot. The investigations revealed fundamental role of the selenium⋯π contacts that are stronger than the Se⋯N interactions in supramolecular dimers. Importantly, described herein, the benzylic substitution approach can be utilized for reliable supramolecular dimerization of selenodiazolium cations in the solid state, which can be employed in supramolecular engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander A. Sapronov
- Research Institute of Chemistry, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, 6 Miklukho-Maklaya Street, 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey A. Artemjev
- Research Institute of Chemistry, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, 6 Miklukho-Maklaya Street, 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | - Gleb M. Burkin
- Research Institute of Chemistry, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, 6 Miklukho-Maklaya Street, 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | - Victor N. Khrustalev
- Research Institute of Chemistry, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, 6 Miklukho-Maklaya Street, 117198 Moscow, Russia
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky Prosp., 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey S. Kubasov
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 31 Leninsky Prosp., 119071 Moscow, Russia
| | - Valentine G. Nenajdenko
- Department of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1, Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Rosa M. Gomila
- Departament de Química, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Crta de Valldemossa km 7.5, 07122 Palma de Mallorca (Baleares), Spain
| | - Antonio Frontera
- Departament de Química, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Crta de Valldemossa km 7.5, 07122 Palma de Mallorca (Baleares), Spain
| | - Andreii S. Kritchenkov
- Research Institute of Chemistry, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, 6 Miklukho-Maklaya Street, 117198 Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Technical Acoustics NAS of Belarus, Ludnikova Prosp. 13, 210009 Vitebsk, Belarus
| | - Alexander G. Tskhovrebov
- Research Institute of Chemistry, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, 6 Miklukho-Maklaya Street, 117198 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence:
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17
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Scheiner S. Principles Guiding the Square Bonding Motif Containing a Pair of Chalcogen Bonds between Chalcogenadiazoles. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:1194-1203. [PMID: 35143197 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c10818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The bonding motif adopted by a dimer of chalcogenadiazole molecules is characterized by a pair of equivalent Ch···N chalcogen bonds. Quantum calculations show that the interaction energy is substantial, varying between 4 kcal/mol for Ch = S and 17 kcal/mol for Te. The interaction is cooperative in that the total bond strength is greater than either chalcogen bond individually. Neither the addition of a phenyl ring nor the addition of a pair of cyano substituents to the diazole ring has much influence on this binding. Removal of one N from the diazole weakens the binding, and addition of two nitrogens has little effect. The largest perturbation arises with three N atoms in each ring, for which the binding energy increases by some 25%. The ring size plays a minor role in most cases, although a near doubling of bond strength occurs if there are two N atoms present on a four-membered ring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve Scheiner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322-0300, United States
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18
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Jia S, Ye H, You L. Interplay between chalcogen bonds and dynamic covalent bonds. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo00684g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A combination of chalcogen bonds, one type of emerging non-covalent bonding force, and imine bonds, allow the control of the dynamic covalent chemistry with orbital interactions and the reversal of kinetic and thermodynamic selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaipeng Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hebo Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Lei You
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou 350108, China
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19
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Foyle ÉM, Tay HM, White NG. Towards hydrogen and halogen bonded frameworks based on 3,5-bis(triazolyl)pyridinium motifs. CrystEngComm 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2ce00273f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Construction of supramolecular assemblies using hydrogen and halogen bonding between anions and the 3,5-bis(triazolyl)pyridinium motif was investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Émer M. Foyle
- Research School of Chemistry, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Hui Min Tay
- Research School of Chemistry, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Nicholas G. White
- Research School of Chemistry, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
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