1
|
Zachmann AKZ, Drappeau JA, Liu S, Alexanian EJ. C(sp 3)-H (N-Phenyltetrazole)thiolation as an Enabling Tool for Molecular Diversification. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202404879. [PMID: 38657161 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202404879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Methods enabling the broad diversification of C(sp3)-H bonds from a common intermediate are especially valuable in chemical synthesis. Herein, we report a site-selective (N-phenyltetrazole)thiolation of aliphatic and (hetero)benzylic C(sp3)-H bonds using a commercially available disulfide to access N-phenyltetrazole thioethers. The thioether products are readily elaborated in diverse fragment couplings for C-C, C-O, or C-N construction. The C-H functionalization proceeds via a radical-chain pathway involving hydrogen atom transfer by the electron-poor N-phenyltetrazolethiyl radical. Hexafluoroisopropanol was found to be essential to reactions involving aliphatic C(sp3)-H thiolation, with computational analysis consistent with dual hydrogen bonding of the N-phenyltetrazolethiyl radical imparting increased radical electrophilicity to facilitate the hydrogen atom transfer. Substrate is limiting reagent in all cases, and the reaction displays an exceptional functional group tolerance well suited to applications in late-stage diversification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashley K Z Zachmann
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Justine A Drappeau
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Shubin Liu
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Research Computing Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Erik J Alexanian
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ancajas CMF, Oyedele AS, Butt CM, Walker AS. Advances, opportunities, and challenges in methods for interrogating the structure activity relationships of natural products. Nat Prod Rep 2024. [PMID: 38912779 DOI: 10.1039/d4np00009a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Time span in literature: 1985-early 2024Natural products play a key role in drug discovery, both as a direct source of drugs and as a starting point for the development of synthetic compounds. Most natural products are not suitable to be used as drugs without further modification due to insufficient activity or poor pharmacokinetic properties. Choosing what modifications to make requires an understanding of the compound's structure-activity relationships. Use of structure-activity relationships is commonplace and essential in medicinal chemistry campaigns applied to human-designed synthetic compounds. Structure-activity relationships have also been used to improve the properties of natural products, but several challenges still limit these efforts. Here, we review methods for studying the structure-activity relationships of natural products and their limitations. Specifically, we will discuss how synthesis, including total synthesis, late-stage derivatization, chemoenzymatic synthetic pathways, and engineering and genome mining of biosynthetic pathways can be used to produce natural product analogs and discuss the challenges of each of these approaches. Finally, we will discuss computational methods including machine learning methods for analyzing the relationship between biosynthetic genes and product activity, computer aided drug design techniques, and interpretable artificial intelligence approaches towards elucidating structure-activity relationships from models trained to predict bioactivity from chemical structure. Our focus will be on these latter topics as their applications for natural products have not been extensively reviewed. We suggest that these methods are all complementary to each other, and that only collaborative efforts using a combination of these techniques will result in a full understanding of the structure-activity relationships of natural products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Caitlin M Butt
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
| | - Allison S Walker
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kim KE, Comber JR, Pursel AJ, Hobby GC, McCormick CJ, Fisher MF, Marasa K, Perry B. Modular and divergent synthesis of 2, N3-disubstituted 4-quinazolinones facilitated by regioselective N-alkylation. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:4940-4949. [PMID: 38809109 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00564c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
The synthesis of a biologically relevant 2-amino-N3-alkylamido 4-quinazolinone has been accomplished in four steps from commercially available materials using design principles from both modular and divergent synthesis. N3-Alkylation of 2-chloro-4(3H)-quinazolinone using methyl bromoacetate, followed by C2-amination produced a suitable scaffold for introducing molecular diversity. Optimization of alkylation conditions afforded full regioselectivity, enabling exclusive access to the N-alkylated isomer. Subsequent C2-amination using piperidine, pyrrolidine, or diethylamine, followed by amide bond formation using variously substituted phenethylamines, generated fifteen unique 4-quinazolinones bearing C2-amino and N3-alkylamido substituents. These efforts highlight the reciprocal influence of C2 and N3 substitution on functionalization at either position, establish an effective synthetic pathway toward 2,N3-disubstituted 4-quinazolinones, and enable preliminary bioactivity studies while providing an experiential learning opportunity for undergraduate student researchers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kelly E Kim
- Sciences and Mathematics Division, School of Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences, University of Washington, Tacoma, WA 98402, USA.
| | - Jason R Comber
- Sciences and Mathematics Division, School of Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences, University of Washington, Tacoma, WA 98402, USA.
| | - Alexander J Pursel
- Sciences and Mathematics Division, School of Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences, University of Washington, Tacoma, WA 98402, USA.
| | - Grant C Hobby
- Sciences and Mathematics Division, School of Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences, University of Washington, Tacoma, WA 98402, USA.
| | - Carter J McCormick
- Sciences and Mathematics Division, School of Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences, University of Washington, Tacoma, WA 98402, USA.
| | - Matthew F Fisher
- Sciences and Mathematics Division, School of Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences, University of Washington, Tacoma, WA 98402, USA.
| | - Kyle Marasa
- Sciences and Mathematics Division, School of Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences, University of Washington, Tacoma, WA 98402, USA.
| | - Benjamin Perry
- Drugs for Neglected Diseases initiative, Chemin Camille-Vidart 15, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Watanabe A, Hikone Y, Nagatomo M, Inoue M. Conversion of Phorbol into Des-D-Ring Tricycle and Crotonianoid B via Peroxidation Reaction. Org Lett 2024; 26:4335-4339. [PMID: 38738923 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Phorbol (1) has a tetracyclic ABCD-ring and is readily isolable from a natural source. We previously synthesized 1 and 16 structurally related natural products using common ABC-ring intermediate 2. Here we report a new synthetic route to 2 using 1 as a starting material. Key features of the synthesis are chemoselective removal of the D-ring via cyclopropane opening, peroxidation, and retro-aldol reactions. The high utility of the peroxidation was further demonstrated in the first synthesis of crotonianoid B (9).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayumu Watanabe
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yuto Hikone
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Masanori Nagatomo
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Masayuki Inoue
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Watanabe A, Nagatomo M, Hirose A, Hikone Y, Kishimoto N, Miura S, Yasutake T, Abe T, Misumi S, Inoue M. Total Syntheses of Phorbol and 11 Tigliane Diterpenoids and Their Evaluation as HIV Latency-Reversing Agents. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:8746-8756. [PMID: 38486375 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c01589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Tigliane diterpenoids possess exceptionally complex structures comprising common 5/7/6/3-membered ABCD-rings and disparate oxygen functionalities. While tiglianes display a wide range of biological activities, compounds with HIV latency-reversing activity can eliminate viral reservoirs, thereby serving as promising leads for new anti-HIV agents. Herein, we report collective total syntheses of phorbol (13) and 11 tiglianes 14-24 with various acylation patterns and oxidation states, and their evaluation as HIV latency-reversing agents. The syntheses were strategically divided into five stages to increase the structural complexity. First, our previously established sequence enabled the expeditious preparation of ABC-tricycle 9 in 15 steps. Second, hydroxylation of 9 and ring-contractive D-ring formation furnished phorbol (13). Third, site-selective attachment of two acyl groups to 13 produced four phorbol diesters 14-17. Fourth, the oxygen functionalities were regio- and stereoselectively installed to yield five tiglianes 18-22. Fifth, further oxidation to the most densely oxygenated acerifolin A (23) and tigilanol tiglate (24) was realized through organizing a 3D shape of the B-ring. Assessment of the HIV latency-reversing activities of the 12 tiglianes revealed seven tiglianes (14-17 and 22-24) with 20- to 300-fold improved efficacy compared with prostratin (12), a representative latency-reversing agent. Therefore, the robust synthetic routes to a variety of tiglianes with promising activities devised in this study provide opportunities for advancing HIV eradication strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayumu Watanabe
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Masanori Nagatomo
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Akira Hirose
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yuto Hikone
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Naoki Kishimoto
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Satoshi Miura
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Tae Yasutake
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Towa Abe
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Shogo Misumi
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Masayuki Inoue
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Artault M, Cantin T, Longuet M, Vitse K, Mbengo CDM, Guégan F, Michelet B, Martin-Mingot A, Thibaudeau S. Exploring Superacid-Promoted Skeletal Reorganization of Aliphatic Nitrogen-Containing Compounds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202316458. [PMID: 37984060 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202316458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Here we report a method to reorganize the core structure of aliphatic unsaturated nitrogen-containing substrates exploiting polyprotonation in superacid solutions. The superelectrophilic activation of N-isopropyl systems allows for the selective formal Csp3 -H activation/cyclization or homologation / functionalization of nitrogen-containing substrates. This study also reveals that this skeletal reorganization can be controlled through protonation interplay. The mechanism of this process involves an original sequence of C-N bond cleavage, isopropyl cation generation and subsequent C-N bond and C-C bond formation. This was demonstrated through in situ NMR analysis and labelling experiments, also confirmed by DFT calculations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Artault
- IC2MP UMR CNRS 7285, Université de Poitiers, 4 rue Michel Brunet, 86073, Poitiers cedex 9, France
| | - Thomas Cantin
- IC2MP UMR CNRS 7285, Université de Poitiers, 4 rue Michel Brunet, 86073, Poitiers cedex 9, France
| | - Mélissa Longuet
- IC2MP UMR CNRS 7285, Université de Poitiers, 4 rue Michel Brunet, 86073, Poitiers cedex 9, France
| | - Kassandra Vitse
- IC2MP UMR CNRS 7285, Université de Poitiers, 4 rue Michel Brunet, 86073, Poitiers cedex 9, France
| | | | - Frédéric Guégan
- IC2MP UMR CNRS 7285, Université de Poitiers, 4 rue Michel Brunet, 86073, Poitiers cedex 9, France
| | - Bastien Michelet
- IC2MP UMR CNRS 7285, Université de Poitiers, 4 rue Michel Brunet, 86073, Poitiers cedex 9, France
| | - Agnès Martin-Mingot
- IC2MP UMR CNRS 7285, Université de Poitiers, 4 rue Michel Brunet, 86073, Poitiers cedex 9, France
| | - Sébastien Thibaudeau
- IC2MP UMR CNRS 7285, Université de Poitiers, 4 rue Michel Brunet, 86073, Poitiers cedex 9, France
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Li S, Liu X, Tung CH, Liu L. Late-Stage Chemo- and Enantioselective Oxidation of Indoles to C3-Monosubstituted Oxindoles. J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 38038721 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c11742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Catalytic asymmetric preparation of chiral 3-monosubstituted oxindoles represents a significant challenge in synthetic chemistry due to the ease of racemization of the tertiary stereocenter through enolization. Here, we describe a general titanium-catalyzed chemo- and enantioselective indole oxidation to produce a diverse set of chiral 3-monosubstituted oxindoles with up to 96% yield, 99% ee, and with a substrate/catalyst ratio of 10,000 by using the combination of a simple titanium(salan) catalyst with green and atom-economic terminal oxidant H2O2. The mild approach tolerates a broad range of functional groups, enabling late-stage asymmetric diversification of a series of commercial drugs and natural products together with late-stage asymmetric construction of a wide set of enzyme antagonists, all of which are difficult to achieve through existing methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Song Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Xigong Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Chen-Ho Tung
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Lei Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Shandong University, Shenzhen 518057, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Patel MA, Kapdi AR. Ambient-Temperature, Metal-Free, CDI-Mediated Ex-Situ Conversion of Acids to Amides: A Useful Late-Stage Strategy. Chem Asian J 2023; 18:e202300672. [PMID: 37707494 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202300672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
An efficient ex-situ method for the amidation of carboxylic acids mediated by CDI has been disclosed herewith. This metal-free strategy is performed at ambient temperature and can be applied effectively for late-stage modification of amino acids and APIs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manisha A Patel
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal Parekh Road, Matunga, Mumbai, 400019, India
| | - Anant R Kapdi
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal Parekh Road, Matunga, Mumbai, 400019, India
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Bakanas I, Lusi RF, Wiesler S, Hayward Cooke J, Sarpong R. Strategic application of C-H oxidation in natural product total synthesis. Nat Rev Chem 2023; 7:783-799. [PMID: 37730908 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-023-00534-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
The oxidation of unactivated C-H bonds has emerged as an effective tactic in natural product synthesis and has altered how chemists approach the synthesis of complex molecules. The use of C-H oxidation methods has simplified the process of synthesis planning by expanding the choice of starting materials, limiting functional group interconversion and protecting group manipulations, and enabling late-stage diversification. In this Review, we propose classifications for C-H oxidations on the basis of their strategic purpose: type 1, which installs functionality that is used to establish the carbon skeleton of the target; type 2, which is used to construct a heterocyclic ring; and type 3, which installs peripheral functional groups. The reactions are further divided based on whether they are directed or undirected. For each classification, examples from recent literature are analysed. Finally, we provide two case studies of syntheses from our laboratory that were streamlined by the judicious use of C-H oxidation reactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ian Bakanas
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Robert F Lusi
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Stefan Wiesler
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Jack Hayward Cooke
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Richmond Sarpong
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Fernandes RA. Deciphering the quest in the divergent total synthesis of natural products. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:12205-12230. [PMID: 37746673 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc03564f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
The divergent synthesis of natural products is rapidly developing towards achieving the goal of efficiency and economy in total synthesis. However, presently, the sustainable development of the synthesis of natural products does not permit the linear synthesis of a single target. In this case, divergent total synthesis is based on the identification of an advanced intermediate with structural features that can be mapped in more than two molecules. However, the identification of this intermediate and its scalable synthesis in enantiopure form are challenging. Herein, we present the details of the ingenious efforts by researchers in the last six years toward the divergent synthesis of two to as many as eight natural products initially via a single route, and then diverging from a common intermediate and further branching out toward several natural products. The planning and strategies adopted can serve as guidelines for the future development of efficient divergent routes aimed at achieving higher efficiency toward multiple targets, causing divergent synthesis to become an accepted common practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rodney A Fernandes
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400 076, Maharashtra, India.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Gao F, Chang M, Meng X, Xu H, Gnawali G, Dong Y, Lopez B, Wang W. Site-Selective Modification of Secondary Amine Moieties on Native Peptides, Proteins, and Natural Products with Ynones. Bioconjug Chem 2023; 34:1553-1562. [PMID: 37646420 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.3c00246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Site-selective modification of biologically relevant secondary amines in peptides, proteins, and natural products has been challenging due to the similar reactivity between primary and secondary amines. Even for the secondary amines, their reactivities are significantly influenced by their structures and environment. Herein, we report a ynone Michael bioconjugation method for selective modification of secondary amines in unprotected peptides and proteins and complex natural products. We show that fine tuning the electronic effect of the ynones enables controlling the Michael acceptor reactivity for the selective reaction with the structurally different secondary amines in densely functionalized complex structures and complicated biological environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Gao
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, R. Ken Coit College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, 1703 E Mabel Street, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Mengyang Chang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, 1306 E University Blvd., Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Xiang Meng
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, R. Ken Coit College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, 1703 E Mabel Street, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Hang Xu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, R. Ken Coit College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, 1703 E Mabel Street, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Giri Gnawali
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, R. Ken Coit College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, 1703 E Mabel Street, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Yue Dong
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, R. Ken Coit College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, 1703 E Mabel Street, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Byrdie Lopez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, 1306 E University Blvd., Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, R. Ken Coit College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, 1703 E Mabel Street, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, 1306 E University Blvd., Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, 3838 N. Campbell Avenue, Tucson, Arizona 85719, United States
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Huang KH, Morato NM, Feng Y, Cooks RG. High-Throughput Diversification of Complex Bioactive Molecules by Accelerated Synthesis in Microdroplets. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202300956. [PMID: 36941213 PMCID: PMC10182919 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202300956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Late-stage diversification of drug molecules is an important strategy in drug discovery that can be facilitated by reaction screening using high-throughput experimentation. Here we present a rapid method for functionalizing bioactive molecules based on accelerated reactions in microdroplets. Reaction mixtures are nebulized at throughputs better than 1 reaction/second and the accelerated reactions occurring in the microdroplets are followed by desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (DESI-MS). Because the accelerated reactions occur on the millisecond timescale, they allow an overall screening throughput of 1 Hz working at the low nanogram scale. Using this approach, an opioid agonist (PZM21) and an antagonist (naloxone) were diversified using three reactions important in medicinal chemistry: sulfur fluoride exchange (SuFEx) click reactions, imine formation reactions, and ene-type click reactions. Some 269 functionalized analogs of naloxone and PZM21 were generated and characterized by tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) after screening over 500 reactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Hung Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Nicolás M Morato
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Yunfei Feng
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - R Graham Cooks
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Albitz K, Csókás D, Dobi Z, Pápai I, Soós T. Late-Stage Formal Double C-H Oxidation of Prenylated Molecules to Alkylidene Oxetanes and Azetidines by Strain-Enabled Cross-Metathesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202216879. [PMID: 36629402 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202216879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Prenylation is a ubiquitous late-stage modification in nature that often confers significantly improved bioactivity for secondary metabolites. While this lipophilic modification renders enhanced potency, the lipophilic tag(s) can diminish bioavailability and adversely alter drug transportation and metabolism. Thus, a functional-group-tolerant, mild, and selective late-stage C-H functionalization of prenyl tags would present a great potential in drug discovery programs but could also impact other fields, such as agrochemistry and chemical biology. Herein we report an exocyclic-strain-driven cross-metathesis reaction of prenyl tags, a formal double C-H oxidation protocol, that can be used for the selective late-stage derivatization of prenylated compounds and natural products. This methodology avoids the need for prefunctionalization of target molecules and affords ready access to an unprecedented library of oxo- and aza-prenylated complex molecules. Thus, in a broader context, this methodology extends late-stage functionalization beyond that available to nature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Krisztián Albitz
- Organocatalysis Research Group, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, 2 Magyar tudósok körútja, 1117, Budapest, Hungary.,Hevesy György PhD School of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, 1/A Pázmány Péter sétány, 1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dániel Csókás
- Theoretical Chemistry Research Group, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, 2 Magyar tudósok körútja, 1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Dobi
- Organocatalysis Research Group, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, 2 Magyar tudósok körútja, 1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Imre Pápai
- Theoretical Chemistry Research Group, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, 2 Magyar tudósok körútja, 1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tibor Soós
- Organocatalysis Research Group, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, 2 Magyar tudósok körútja, 1117, Budapest, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Zhang H, Tian Y, Yuan X, Xie F, Yu S, Cai J, Sun B, Shan C, Zhang W. Site-directed late-stage diversification of macrocyclic nannocystins facilitating anticancer SAR and mode of action studies. RSC Med Chem 2023; 14:299-312. [PMID: 36846368 PMCID: PMC9945860 DOI: 10.1039/d2md00393g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Nannocystins are a family of 21-membered cyclodepsipeptides with excellent anticancer activity. However, their macrocyclic architecture poses a significant challenge to structure modification. Herein, this issue is addressed by leveraging the strategy of post-macrocyclization diversification. In particular, a novel serine-incorporating nannocystin was designed so that its appending hydroxyl group could diversify into a wide variety of side chain analogues. Such effort facilitated not only structure-activity correlation at the subdomain of interest, but also the development of a macrocyclic coumarin-labeled fluorescence probe. Uptake experiments indicated good cell permeability of the probe, and endoplasmic reticulum was identified as its subcellular localization site.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Han Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University Tianjin People's Republic of China
| | - Yunfeng Tian
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University Tianjin People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoya Yuan
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University Tianjin People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Xie
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University Tianjin People's Republic of China
| | - Siqi Yu
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University Tianjin People's Republic of China
| | - Jiayou Cai
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University Tianjin People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Sun
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University Tianjin People's Republic of China
| | - Changliang Shan
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University Tianjin People's Republic of China
| | - Weicheng Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University Tianjin People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Wu J, Li SJ, Jiang L, Ma XC, Lan Y, Shen L. UV light-driven late-stage skeletal reorganization to diverse limonoid frameworks: A proof of concept for photobiosynthesis. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eade2981. [PMID: 36706176 PMCID: PMC9882982 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ade2981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Late-stage skeletal reorganization (LSSR) is a type of fascinating organic transformation processes in natural product total synthesis. However, few facile and effective LSSR methodologies have hitherto been developed. Here, LSSR of limonoid natural products via photochemical cascades is first reported. Starting from xyloelves A and B, nine distinct limonoid products with five unprecedented scaffolds are generated. The photocascade pathways of these natural products and mechanistic rationale via intramolecular triplet energy transfer are revealed by quantum mechanical calculations. Most notably, ultraviolet light-driven transannular and stereoselective C → C 1,4-acyl migration is first found as a photochemical approach, particularly for LSSR of natural products. This approach holds promise for designing LSSR strategies to access bioactive cage-like molecules. Besides that, our findings provide a clear proof of concept for natural product photobiosynthesis. Xyloelf A, substantially ameliorating concanavalin A-induced liver injury in mice, could be used as a unique molecular template for hepatoprotective drug discovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine Research and Development, College of Pharmacy, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Shi-Jun Li
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Long Jiang
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Xiao-Chi Ma
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Yu Lan
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Li Shen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine Research and Development, College of Pharmacy, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Okada N, Nakatsuka S, Kawasumi R, Gotoh H, Yasuda N, Hatakeyama T. Synthesis and Late-Stage Diversification of BN-Embedded Dibenzocorannulenes as Efficient Fluorescence Organic Light-Emitting Diode Emitters. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202202627. [PMID: 36260535 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202202627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We report the synthesis and late-stage diversification of a new class of hetero-buckybowl, BN-embedded dibenzocorannulenes (B2 N2 -DBCs). The synthesis is achieved via one-shot halogenative borylation, comprising the nitrogen-directed haloboration of alkyne and an intramolecular bora-Friedel-Crafts reaction, which provides BN-embedded dibenzocorannulene possessing two bromo substituents (B2 N2 -DBC-Br). B2 N2 -DBC-Br undergoes diversification via coupling reactions to provide a variety of arylated derivatives (B2 N2 -DBC-R), exhibiting strong blue fluorescence. An organic light-emitting diode (OLED) employing one of the derivatives as an emitter exhibited a high external quantum efficiency of 6.6 % and long operational lifetime of 907 h at an initial luminance of 1000 cd m-2 , indicating the significant potential for the development of efficient and stable hetero-buckybowl-based OLED materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naoya Okada
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 2-1 Gakuen, Sanda, Hyogo, 669-1337, Japan
| | - Soichiro Nakatsuka
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Kyoto University Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Kawasumi
- SK JNC Japan, Co. Ltd., 5-1 Goi Kaigan, Ichihara, Chiba, 290-8551, Japan
| | - Hajime Gotoh
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 2-1 Gakuen, Sanda, Hyogo, 669-1337, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Yasuda
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute (JASRI), 1-1-1, Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo, 679-5198, Japan
| | - Takuji Hatakeyama
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Kyoto University Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Lei W, Song Y, Long A, Que Y, He S, Zhong H, Chen Y. Stereoselective (4 + 3) cycloadditions of allenyl ethers-furans by chiral auxiliaries inducing and evaluation of anti-breast cancer activity. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1087899. [PMID: 36618658 PMCID: PMC9812524 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1087899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The medicinal plants were wildly library of natural products in drug discovery. The most active molecules with seven-membered rings skeleton represent a challenge for construction. A stereoselectivity (4 + 3) cycloadditions between allenyl ethers and substituted furans induced by chiral auxiliaries has been investigated. And the results showed significant stereoselectivities and regioselectivities. The optical cycloadducts with an oxygen-substituted seven-membered ring framework were generated by removing chiral auxiliaries under acidic conditions. The antiproliferative activity of the novel compounds displayed moderate antiproliferative effects toward T47D cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenli Lei
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Guizhou Engineering Laboratory for Synthetic Drugs, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Yuyang Song
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Guizhou Engineering Laboratory for Synthetic Drugs, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Ai Long
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Guizhou Engineering Laboratory for Synthetic Drugs, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Yanyan Que
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Guizhou Engineering Laboratory for Synthetic Drugs, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Shuzhong He
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Guizhou Engineering Laboratory for Synthetic Drugs, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Hang Zhong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Guizhou Engineering Laboratory for Synthetic Drugs, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Yang Chen
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Chen J, Wang H, Day CS, Martin R. Nickel-Catalyzed Site-Selective Intermolecular C(sp 3 )-H Amidation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202212983. [PMID: 36254803 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202212983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A nickel-catalyzed site-selective intermolecular amidation of saturated C(sp3 )-H bonds is reported. This mild protocol exhibits a predictable reactivity pattern to incorporate amide functions at C(sp3 )-H sites adjacent to nitrogen and oxygen atoms in either cyclic or acyclic frameworks, thus offering a complementary reactivity profile to existing oxidative-type processes or metal-catalyzed C(sp3 )-N bond-forming reactions operating via two-electron manifolds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinhong Chen
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
- Departament de Química Analítica i Química Orgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, c/Marcel ⋅ lí Domingo, 1, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Hao Wang
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
- Departament de Química Analítica i Química Orgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, c/Marcel ⋅ lí Domingo, 1, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Craig S Day
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
- Departament de Química Analítica i Química Orgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, c/Marcel ⋅ lí Domingo, 1, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Ruben Martin
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Wender PA, Gentry ZO, Fanelli DJ, Luu-Nguyen QH, McAteer OD, Njoo E. Practical synthesis of the therapeutic leads tigilanol tiglate and its analogues. Nat Chem 2022; 14:1421-1426. [PMID: 36192432 PMCID: PMC10079359 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-022-01048-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Tigilanol tiglate is a natural product diterpenoid in clinical trials for the treatment of a broad range of cancers. Its unprecedented protein kinase C isoform selectivity make it and its analogues exceptional leads for PKC-related clinical indications, which include human immunodeficiency virus and AIDS eradication, antigen-enhanced cancer immunotherapy, Alzheimer's disease and multiple sclerosis. Currently, the only source of tigilanol tiglate is a rain forest tree, Fontainea picrosperma, whose limited number and restricted distribution (northeastern Australia) has prompted consideration of designed tree plantations to address supply needs. Here we report a practical laboratory synthesis of tigilanol tiglate that proceeds in 12 steps (12% overall yield, >80% average yield per step) and can be used to sustainably supply tigilanol tiglate and its analogues, the latter otherwise inaccessible from the natural source. The success of this synthesis is based on a unique strategy for the installation of an oxidation pattern common to many biologically active tiglianes, daphnanes and their analogues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul A Wender
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Department of Systems and Chemical Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | | | - David J Fanelli
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Owen D McAteer
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Edward Njoo
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Tang SZ, Xiang K, Ye R, Chen ME, Yu JC, He ZJ, Zhang FM. Preparation of thioamides from alkyl bromides, nitriles, and hydrogen sulfide through a thio-Ritter-type reaction. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:11430-11433. [PMID: 36134562 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc04210j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel thio-Ritter-type reaction of alkyl bromides, nitriles, and hydrogen sulfide has been explored, providing a straightforward approach toward functionally important thioamides. This transformation features a broad substrate scope, operational simplicity, use of available feedstock chemicals, and late-stage functionalizations of bioactive molecules. The reaction mechanism is also proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Zhong Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry & College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
| | - Kai Xiang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Research and Application for Aerospace Green Propellants, Beijing Institute of Aerospace Testing Technology, Beijing 100074, China
| | - Rui Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry & College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
| | - Meng-En Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry & College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
| | - Jian-Chang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry & College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
| | - Zhi-Juan He
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry & College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
| | - Fu-Min Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry & College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Zhang G, Guan C, Han L, Zhao Y, Ding C. A late-stage functionalization tool: sulfonyl fluoride mediated deoxymethylation of phenols. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:7640-7644. [PMID: 36124914 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob01523d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The late-stage functionalization of drugs and natural products has been identified as a promising approach to accelerate the discovery of new bioactive compounds. Due to the presence of the "Magic Methyl Effect", the direct deoxymethylation of phenolic hydroxyl groups, which are widespread in natural molecules, is a challenging task. A mild and rapid strategy for direct phenol deoxymethylation under metal catalysis using SO2F2 is described in this paper, while good functional group tolerance and high chemoselectivity allow this strategy to be one of the powerful tools for LSF. The power of this new platform is showcased through gram-scale and orthogonal experiments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guofu Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chenfei Guan
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China.
| | - Linjun Han
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yiyong Zhao
- Zhejiang Ecological Environment Low Carbon Development Center, Hangzhou 310012, P. R. China
| | - Chengrong Ding
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Schiwek C, Stegbauer S, Pickl T, Bach T. Rhodium(CAAC)‐Catalyzed Arene Hydrogenation of Benzo‐fused N‐Heterocycles to Saturated Building Blocks with an all‐cis Configuration. Adv Synth Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202200582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
23
|
Combining visible-light induction and copper catalysis for chemo-selective nitrene transfer for late-stage amination of natural products. Commun Chem 2022; 5:79. [PMID: 36697627 PMCID: PMC9814389 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-022-00692-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitrene transfer chemistry is an effective strategy for introducing C-N bonds, which are ubiquitous in pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals and diverse bioactive natural products. The development of chemical methodology that can functionalize unique sites within natural products through nitrene transfer remains a challenge in the field. Herein, we developed copper catalyzed chemoselective allylic C-H amination and catalyst-free visible-light induced aziridination of alkenes through nitrene transfer. In general, both reactions tolerate a wide range of functional groups and occur with predictable regioselectivity. Furthermore, combination of these two methods enable the intermolecular chemo-selective late-stage amination of biologically active natural products, leading to C-H amination or C=C aziridination products in a tunable way. A series of control experiments indicate two-step radical processes were involved in both reaction systems.
Collapse
|
24
|
Dai M, Sun Z, Chen L. Palladium‐Catalyzed Regiodivergent Synthesis of 1,3‐Dienyl and Allyl Esters from Propargyl Esters. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202203835. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202203835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mengfu Dai
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials and Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials of Jiangsu Province School of Chemistry and Materials Science Nanjing Normal University Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
| | - Zhimin Sun
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials and Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials of Jiangsu Province School of Chemistry and Materials Science Nanjing Normal University Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
| | - Liang‐An Chen
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials and Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials of Jiangsu Province School of Chemistry and Materials Science Nanjing Normal University Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Fessner ND, Badenhorst CPS, Bornscheuer UT. Enzyme Kits to Facilitate the Integration of Biocatalysis into Organic Chemistry – First Aid for Synthetic Chemists. ChemCatChem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202200156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nico D. Fessner
- Dept. of Biotechnology & Enzyme Catalysis Institute of Biochemistry University of Greifswald Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 4 17487 Greifswald Germany
| | - Christoffel P. S. Badenhorst
- Dept. of Biotechnology & Enzyme Catalysis Institute of Biochemistry University of Greifswald Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 4 17487 Greifswald Germany
| | - Uwe T. Bornscheuer
- Dept. of Biotechnology & Enzyme Catalysis Institute of Biochemistry University of Greifswald Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 4 17487 Greifswald Germany
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Sanchez A, Maimone TJ. Taming Shapeshifting Anions: Total Synthesis of Ocellatusone C. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:7594-7599. [PMID: 35420799 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c02627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Guided by a synthetic design aimed at late-stage diversification, we report the preparation of unusual shapeshifting anions and their subsequent application to the total synthesis of the polyketide natural product ocellatusone C. Site-selective core functionalization of a readily accessible bicyclo[3.3.1]nonane architecture sets the stage for shape-selective side chain installation via a nonfluxional π-allyl Pd-complex derived from a barbaralyl-type anion. Several interesting chemical findings, including substituent-dependent bridged bicycloisomerism and the isolation of a stabilized, 3° carbon-bound Pd-ketone enolate complex, are reported.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andre Sanchez
- Department of Chemistry, University of California─Berkeley, 826 Latimer Hall, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Thomas J Maimone
- Department of Chemistry, University of California─Berkeley, 826 Latimer Hall, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Dai M, Sun Z, Chen L. Palladium‐Catalyzed Regiodivergent Synthesis of 1,3‐Dienyl and Allyl Esters from Propargyl Esters. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202203835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mengfu Dai
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials and Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials of Jiangsu Province School of Chemistry and Materials Science Nanjing Normal University Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
| | - Zhimin Sun
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials and Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials of Jiangsu Province School of Chemistry and Materials Science Nanjing Normal University Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
| | - Liang‐An Chen
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials and Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials of Jiangsu Province School of Chemistry and Materials Science Nanjing Normal University Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Yu W, Song J, Yu SY, Kim J. Cyclocarbonylation of Allenyl Glyoxylate Strategy to Build the Tricyclic Core of Cyclocalopin A. Org Lett 2022; 24:2242-2247. [PMID: 35297249 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c00625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An approach for the construction of the tricyclic framework of naturally occurring cyclocalopin A is described. The establishment of the crucial intermediate α-methylene bis-γ,δ-lactone involves a [2 + 2 + 1]-cyclocarbonylation of newly introduced allenyl glyoxylate via direct methods using Mo(CO)6 or sequential reaction pathways. The sequential reaction route involved a stannylative cyclization by Pd(0) catalyst, bromination of an vinyl stannane moiety, and final cyclocarbonylation by palladium catalysis to provide the bis-γ,δ-lactone. The feasibility of forming the spiro-system by an exo-selective [4 + 2]-cycloaddition was accomplished.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weonju Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Jieun Song
- Department of Chemistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Suh Young Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Jimin Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Schiwek CH, Jandl C, Bach T. All- cis Saturated 2,5-Diketopiperazines by a Diastereoselective Rhodium-Catalyzed Arene Hydrogenation. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c00400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian H. Schiwek
- Technical University Munich, School of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Christian Jandl
- Technical University Munich, School of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Thorsten Bach
- Technical University Munich, School of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85747 Garching, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Galeotti M, Salamone M, Bietti M. Electronic control over site-selectivity in hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) based C(sp 3)-H functionalization promoted by electrophilic reagents. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:2171-2223. [PMID: 35229835 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00556a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The direct functionalization of C(sp3)-H bonds represents one of the most investigated approaches to develop new synthetic methodology. Among the available strategies for intermolecular C-H bond functionalization, increasing attention has been devoted to hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) based procedures promoted by radical or radical-like reagents, that offer the opportunity to introduce a large variety of atoms and groups in place of hydrogen under mild conditions. Because of the large number of aliphatic C-H bonds displayed by organic molecules, in these processes control over site-selectivity represents a crucial issue, and the associated factors have been discussed. In this review article, attention will be devoted to the role of electronic effects on C(sp3)-H bond functionalization site-selectivity. Through an analysis of the recent literature, a detailed description of the HAT reagents employed in these processes, the associated mechanistic features and the selectivity patterns observed in the functionalization of substrates of increasing structural complexity will be provided.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Galeotti
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università "Tor Vergata", Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 1 I-00133 Rome, Italy.
| | - Michela Salamone
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università "Tor Vergata", Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 1 I-00133 Rome, Italy.
| | - Massimo Bietti
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università "Tor Vergata", Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 1 I-00133 Rome, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Yoon H, Galls A, Rozema SD, Miller SJ. Atroposelective Desymmetrization of Resorcinol-Bearing Quinazolinones via Cu-Catalyzed C-O Bond Formation. Org Lett 2022; 24:762-766. [PMID: 35007090 PMCID: PMC8968294 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c04266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Enantioselective Cu-catalyzed C-O cross coupling reactions yielding atropisomeric resorcinol-bearing quinazolinones have been developed. Utilizing a new guanidinylated dimeric peptidic ligand, a set of products were generated in good yields with excellent stereocontrol. The transformation was readily scalable, and a range of product derivatizations were performed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyung Yoon
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
| | - Alexandra Galls
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
| | - Soren D. Rozema
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
| | - Scott J. Miller
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Wein LA, Wurst K, Magauer T. Total Synthesis and Late-Stage C-H Oxidations of ent-Trachylobane Natural Products. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202113829. [PMID: 34762359 PMCID: PMC7612322 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202113829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we present our studies to construct seven ent-trachylobane diterpenoids by employing a bioinspired two-phase synthetic strategy. The first phase provided enantioselective and scalable access to five ent-trachylobanes, of which methyl ent-trachyloban-19-oate was produced on a 300 mg scale. During the second phase, chemical C-H oxidation methods were employed to enable selective conversion to two naturally occurring higher functionalized ent-trachylobanes. The formation of regioisomeric analogs, which are currently inaccessible via enzymatic methods, reveals the potential as well as limitations of established chemical C-H oxidation protocols for complex molecule synthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Anton Wein
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Center for Molecular BiosciencesLeopold-Franzens-University InnsbruckInnrain 80–826020InnsbruckAustria
| | - Klaus Wurst
- Institute of GeneralInorganic and Theoretical ChemistryLeopold-Franzens-University InnsbruckInnrain 80–826020InnsbruckAustria
| | - Thomas Magauer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Center for Molecular BiosciencesLeopold-Franzens-University InnsbruckInnrain 80–826020InnsbruckAustria
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Wein LA, Wurst K, Magauer T. Total Synthesis and Late-Stage C-H Oxidations of ent-Trachylobane Natural Products. ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 134:e202113829. [PMID: 38505342 PMCID: PMC10947344 DOI: 10.1002/ange.202113829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we present our studies to construct seven ent-trachylobane diterpenoids by employing a bioinspired two-phase synthetic strategy. The first phase provided enantioselective and scalable access to five ent-trachylobanes, of which methyl ent-trachyloban-19-oate was produced on a 300 mg scale. During the second phase, chemical C-H oxidation methods were employed to enable selective conversion to two naturally occurring higher functionalized ent-trachylobanes. The formation of regioisomeric analogs, which are currently inaccessible via enzymatic methods, reveals the potential as well as limitations of established chemical C-H oxidation protocols for complex molecule synthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Anton Wein
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Center for Molecular BiosciencesLeopold-Franzens-University InnsbruckInnrain 80–826020InnsbruckAustria
| | - Klaus Wurst
- Institute of GeneralInorganic and Theoretical ChemistryLeopold-Franzens-University InnsbruckInnrain 80–826020InnsbruckAustria
| | - Thomas Magauer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Center for Molecular BiosciencesLeopold-Franzens-University InnsbruckInnrain 80–826020InnsbruckAustria
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Li HP, He XH, Peng C, Li JL, Han B. A straightforward access to trifluoromethylated natural products through late-stage functionalization. Nat Prod Rep 2022; 40:988-1021. [DOI: 10.1039/d2np00056c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes the applications of late-stage strategies in the direct trifluoromethylation of natural products in the past ten years, with particular emphasis on the reaction model of each method.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- He-Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Xiang-Hong He
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Jun-Long Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
- Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Bo Han
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Capaldo L, Bonciolini S, Pulcinella A, Nuño M, Noël T. Modular allylation of C(sp 3)–H bonds by combining decatungstate photocatalysis and HWE olefination in flow. Chem Sci 2022; 13:7325-7331. [PMID: 35799818 PMCID: PMC9214841 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc01581a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a flow platform for the modular allylation of strong aliphatic C(sp3)–H bonds based on the merger of photocatalytic HAT and a HWE reaction. This approach enables both early- and late-stage diversification of various hydroalkanes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Capaldo
- Flow Chemistry Group, Van’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Stefano Bonciolini
- Flow Chemistry Group, Van’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Antonio Pulcinella
- Flow Chemistry Group, Van’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Manuel Nuño
- Vapourtec Ltd, Park Farm Business Centre, Fornham St Genevieve, Bury St Edmunds, Suffolk IP28 6TS, UK
| | - Timothy Noël
- Flow Chemistry Group, Van’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Cao JS, Zeng J, Xiao J, Wang XH, Wang Y, Peng Y. Total synthesis of linoxepin facilitated by Ni-catalyzed tandem reductive cyclization. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:7273-7276. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cc02221d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A nickel-catalyzed reductive cyclization was developed to construct the tricyclic core embedded in linoxepin, a cyclolignan with a unique benzoxepin ring. The generated diasterodivergent acetals could be converted to the...
Collapse
|
37
|
Späth G, Fürstner A. Total Synthesis of Mycinamicin IV as Integral Part of a Collective Approach to Macrolide Antibiotics. Chemistry 2021; 28:e202104400. [PMID: 34910333 PMCID: PMC9305142 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202104400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The total synthesis of the 16‐membered macrolide mycinamicin IV is outlined, which complements our previously disclosed, largely catalysis‐based route to the aglycone. This work must also be seen in the context of our recent conquest of aldgamycin N, a related antibiotic featuring a similar core but a distinctly different functionalization pattern. Taken together, these projects prove that the underlying blueprint is integrative and hence qualifies for a collective approach to this prominent class of natural products. In both cases, the final glycosylation phase mandated close attention and was accomplished only after robust de novo syntheses of the (di)deoxy sugars of the desosamine, chalcose, mycinose and aldgarose types had been established. Systematic screening of the glycosidation promoter was also critically important for success.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Georg Späth
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Organometallic Chemistry, 45470, Mülheim/Ruhr, GERMANY
| | - Alois Fürstner
- Max-Planck-Institut fur Kohlenforschung, Organometallic Chemistry, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470, Mülheim/Ruhr, GERMANY
| |
Collapse
|