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Meng J, Lan Z, Lin W, Castelli IE, Pullerits T, Zheng K. Tailoring Auger Recombination Dynamics in CsPbI 3 Perovskite Nanocrystals via Transition Metal Doping. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:8386-8393. [PMID: 38934731 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c02032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Auger recombination is a pivotal process for semiconductor nanocrystals (NCs), significantly affecting charge carrier generation and collection in optoelectronic devices. This process depends mainly on the NCs' electronic structures. In our study, we investigated Auger recombination dynamics in manganese (Mn2+)-doped CsPbI3 NCs using transient absorption (TA) spectroscopy combined with theoretical and experimental structural characterization. Our results show that Mn2+ doping accelerates Auger recombination, reducing the biexciton lifetime from 146 to 74 ps with increasing Mn doping concentration up to 10%. This accelerated Auger recombination in Mn-doped NCs is attributed to increased band edge wave function overlap of excitons and a larger density of final states of Auger recombination due to Mn orbital involvement. Moreover, Mn doping reduces the dielectric screening of the excitons, which also contributes to the accelerated Auger recombination. Our study demonstrates the potential of element doping to regulate Auger recombination rates by modifying the materials' electronic structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Meng
- The Division of Chemical Physics and NanoLund, Lund University, Lund 22100, Sweden
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby DK-2800, Denmark
| | - Zhenyun Lan
- Department of Energy Conversion and Storage, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby DK-2800, Denmark
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology Hefei, Anhui 230009, People's Republic of China
| | - Weihua Lin
- The Division of Chemical Physics and NanoLund, Lund University, Lund 22100, Sweden
| | - Ivano E Castelli
- Department of Energy Conversion and Storage, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby DK-2800, Denmark
| | - Tönu Pullerits
- The Division of Chemical Physics and NanoLund, Lund University, Lund 22100, Sweden
| | - Kaibo Zheng
- The Division of Chemical Physics and NanoLund, Lund University, Lund 22100, Sweden
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby DK-2800, Denmark
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2
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Jiang D, Li Z, Li H, Cheng Y, Du H, Zhu C, Meng L, Fang Y, Zhao C, Lou Z, Lu Z, Yuan Y. Achieving Long-Lived Charge Separated State through Ultrafast Interfacial Hole Transfer in Redox Sites-Isolated CdS Nanorods for Enhanced Photocatalysis. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2310414. [PMID: 38294968 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202310414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
As opposed to natural photosynthesis, a significant challenge in a semiconductor-based photocatalyst is the limited hole extraction efficiency, which adversely affects solar-to-fuel efficiency. Recent studies have demonstrated that photocatalysts featuring spatially isolated dual catalytic oxidation/reduction sites can yield enhanced hole extraction efficiencies. However, the decay dynamics of excited states in such photocatalysts have not been explored. Here a ternary barbell-shaped CdS/MoS2/Cu2S heterostructure is prepared, comprising CdS nanorods (NRs) interfaced with MoS2 nanosheets at both ends and Cu2S nanoparticles on the sidewall. By using transient absorption (TA) spectra, highly efficient charge separation within the CdS/MoS2/Cu2S heterostructure are identified. This is achieved through directed electron transfer to the MoS2 tips at a rate constant of >8.3 × 109 s-1 and rapid hole transfer to the Cu2S nanoparticles on the sidewall at a rate of >6.1 × 1010 s-1, leading to an exceptional overall charge transfer constant of 2.3 × 1011 s-1 in CdS/MoS2/Cu2S. The enhanced hole transfer efficiency results in a remarkably prolonged charge-separated state, facilitating efficient electron accumulation within the MoS2 tips. Consequently, the ternary CdS/MoS2/Cu2S heterostructure demonstrates a 22-fold enhancement in visible-light-driven H2 generation compare to pure CdS nanorods. This work highlights the significance of efficient hole extraction in enhancing the solar-to-H2 performance of semiconductor-based heterostructure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daochuan Jiang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, and the Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials (Anhui University), Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, P. R. China
| | - Zhongfei Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, and the Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials (Anhui University), Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, P. R. China
| | - Hao Li
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory for Control and Applications of Optoelectronic Information Materials, School of Physics and Electronic Information, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241002, P. R. China
| | - Yingpeng Cheng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, and the Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials (Anhui University), Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, P. R. China
| | - Haiwei Du
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, and the Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials (Anhui University), Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, P. R. China
| | - Chuhong Zhu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, and the Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials (Anhui University), Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, P. R. China
| | - Lingchen Meng
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory for Control and Applications of Optoelectronic Information Materials, School of Physics and Electronic Information, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241002, P. R. China
| | - Yuetong Fang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory for Control and Applications of Optoelectronic Information Materials, School of Physics and Electronic Information, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241002, P. R. China
| | - Chunyi Zhao
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory for Control and Applications of Optoelectronic Information Materials, School of Physics and Electronic Information, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241002, P. R. China
| | - Zaizhu Lou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Manipulation, Institute of Nanophotonics, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, P. R. China
| | - Zhou Lu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory for Control and Applications of Optoelectronic Information Materials, School of Physics and Electronic Information, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241002, P. R. China
| | - Yupeng Yuan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, and the Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials (Anhui University), Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, P. R. China
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3
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Taufik A, Saleh R, Seong G. Enhanced photocatalytic performance of SnS 2 under visible light irradiation: strategies and future perspectives. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:9680-9709. [PMID: 38712924 DOI: 10.1039/d4nr00706a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Tin(II) sulfide (SnS2) has emerged as a promising candidate for visible light photocatalytic materials. As a member of the transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) family, SnS2 features a band gap of approximately 2.20 eV and a layered structure, rendering it suitable for visible light activation with a high specific surface area. However, the application of SnS2 as a visible light photocatalyst still requires improvement, particularly in addressing the high recombination of electrons and holes, as well as the poor selectivity inherent in its perfect crystal structure. Therefore, ongoing research focuses on strategies to enhance the photocatalytic performance of SnS2. In this comprehensive review, we analyze recent advances and promising strategies for improving the photocatalytic performance of SnS2. Various successful approaches have been reported, including controlling the reactive facets of SnS2, inducing defects in the crystal structure, manipulating morphologies, depositing noble metals, and forming heterostructures. We provide a detailed understanding of these phenomena and the preparation techniques involved, as well as future considerations for exploring new science in SnS2 photocatalysis and optimizing performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ardiansyah Taufik
- WPI - Advanced Institute for Materials Research (WPI-AIMR), Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan.
| | - Rosari Saleh
- Departement Fisika, FMIPA Universitas Indonesia, Kampus UI Depok, Depok 16424, Indonesia
- Integrated Laboratory of Energy and Environment FMIPA Universitas Indonesia, Kampus UI Depok, Depok 16424, Indonesia
| | - Gimyeong Seong
- Department of Environmental and Energy Engineering, The University of Suwon, 17, Wauan-gil, Bongdam-eup, Hwaseong-si, Gyeonggi-do, 18323, Republic of Korea
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4
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Li Q, Wu K, Zhu H, Yang Y, He S, Lian T. Charge Transfer from Quantum-Confined 0D, 1D, and 2D Nanocrystals. Chem Rev 2024; 124:5695-5763. [PMID: 38629390 PMCID: PMC11082908 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024]
Abstract
The properties of colloidal quantum-confined semiconductor nanocrystals (NCs), including zero-dimensional (0D) quantum dots, 1D nanorods, 2D nanoplatelets, and their heterostructures, can be tuned through their size, dimensionality, and material composition. In their photovoltaic and photocatalytic applications, a key step is to generate spatially separated and long-lived electrons and holes by interfacial charge transfer. These charge transfer properties have been extensively studied recently, which is the subject of this Review. The Review starts with a summary of the electronic structure and optical properties of 0D-2D nanocrystals, followed by the advances in wave function engineering, a novel way to control the spatial distribution of electrons and holes, through their size, dimension, and composition. It discusses the dependence of NC charge transfer on various parameters and the development of the Auger-assisted charge transfer model. Recent advances in understanding multiple exciton generation, decay, and dissociation are also discussed, with an emphasis on multiple carrier transfer. Finally, the applications of nanocrystal-based systems for photocatalysis are reviewed, focusing on the photodriven charge separation and recombination processes that dictate the function and performance of these materials. The Review ends with a summary and outlook of key remaining challenges and promising future directions in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyang Li
- Department
of Physics, University of Michigan, 450 Church St, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Kaifeng Wu
- State
Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics and Collaborative Innovation
Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
- University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Haiming Zhu
- Department
of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
| | - Ye Yang
- The
State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM
(Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials),
College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Sheng He
- Department
of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Tianquan Lian
- Department
of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
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5
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Wengler-Rust S, Staechelin YU, Lange H, Weller H. Electron Donor-Specific Surface Interactions Promote the Photocatalytic Activity of Metal-Semiconductor Nanohybrids. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2401388. [PMID: 38634407 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202401388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
In the past two decades, the application of colloidal semiconductor-metal nanoparticles (NPs) as photocatalysts for the hydrogen generation from water has been extensively studied. The present body of literature studies agrees that the photocatalytic yield strongly depends on the electron donating agent (EDA) added for scavenging the photogenerated holes. The highest reported hydrogen production rates are obtained in the presence of ionic EDAs and at high pH. The large hydrogen production rates are attributed to fast hole transfer from the NP onto the EDAs. However, the present discussions do not treat the influence of EDA-specific surface interactions. This systematic study focuses on that aspect by combining steady-state hydrogen production measurements with time-resolved and static optical spectroscopy, employing 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid-capped, Pt-tipped CdSe/CdS dot-in-rods in the presence of a large set of EDAs. Based on the experimental results, two distinct EDA groups are identified: surface-active and diffusion-limited EDAs. The largest photocatalytic efficiencies are obtained in the presence of surface-active EDAs that induce an agglomeration of the NPs. This demonstrates that the introduction of surface-active EDAs can significantly enhance the photocatalytic activity of the NPs, despite reducing their colloidal stability and inducing the formation of NP networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soenke Wengler-Rust
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Hamburg, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Yannic U Staechelin
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Hamburg, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Holger Lange
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, 22761, Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Physik und Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Horst Weller
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Hamburg, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, 22761, Hamburg, Germany
- Fraunhofer IAP-CAN, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
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6
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Zhang P, Wang Y, Su X, Zhang Q, Sun M. Study of Laser-Induced Multi-Exciton Generation and Dynamics by Multi-Photon Absorption in CdSe Quantum Dots. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:558. [PMID: 38607093 PMCID: PMC11013938 DOI: 10.3390/nano14070558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Multi-exciton generation by multi-photon absorption under low-energy photons can be thought a reasonable method to reduce the risk of optical damage, especially in photoelectric quantum dot (QD) devices. The lifetime of the multi-exciton state plays a key role in the utilization of photon-induced carriers, which depends on the dynamics of the exciton generation process in materials. In this paper, the exciton generation dynamics of the photon absorption under low-frequency light in CdSe QDs are successfully detected and studied by the temporal resolution transient absorption (TA) spectroscopy method. Since the cooling time of hot excitons extends while the rate of auger recombination is accelerated when incident energy is increased, the filling time of defect states is irregular, and exciton generation experiences a transition from single-photon absorption to multi-photon absorption. This result shows how to change the excitation. Optical parameters can prolong the lifetime of excitons, thus fully extracting excitons and improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of QD optoelectronic devices, which provides theoretical and experimental support for the development of QD optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhang
- Institute of Photonic Chips, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China; (P.Z.); (Y.W.); (Q.Z.)
- Centre for Artificial-Intelligence Nanophotonics, School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Yimeng Wang
- Institute of Photonic Chips, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China; (P.Z.); (Y.W.); (Q.Z.)
- Centre for Artificial-Intelligence Nanophotonics, School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Xueqiong Su
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China;
| | - Qiwen Zhang
- Institute of Photonic Chips, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China; (P.Z.); (Y.W.); (Q.Z.)
- Centre for Artificial-Intelligence Nanophotonics, School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Mingyu Sun
- Institute of Photonic Chips, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China; (P.Z.); (Y.W.); (Q.Z.)
- Centre for Artificial-Intelligence Nanophotonics, School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
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7
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Haider SNUZ, Qureshi WA, Ali RN, Shaosheng R, Naveed A, Ali A, Yaseen M, Liu Q, Yang J. Contemporary advances in photocatalytic CO 2 reduction using single-atom catalysts supported on carbon-based materials. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 323:103068. [PMID: 38101149 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2023.103068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
The persistent issue of CO2 emissions and their subsequent impact on the Earth's atmosphere can be effectively addressed through the utilization of efficient photocatalysts. Employing a sustainable carbon cycle via photocatalysis presents a promising technology for simultaneously managing the greenhouse effect and the energy dilemma. However, the efficiency of energy conversion encounters limitations due to inadequate carrier utilization and a deficiency of reactive sites. Single-atom catalysts (SACs) have demonstrated exceptional performance in efficiently addressing the aforementioned challenges. This review article commences with an overview of SAC types, structures, fundamentals, synthesis strategies, and characterizations, providing a logical foundation for the design and properties of SACs based on the correlation between their structure and efficiency. Additionally, we delve into the general mechanism and the role of SACs in photocatalytic CO2 reduction. Furthermore, we furnish a comprehensive survey of the latest advancements in SACs concerning their capacity to enhance efficiency, long-term stability, and selectivity in CO2 reduction. Carbon-structured support materials such as covalent organic frameworks (COFs), graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4), metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), covalent triazine frameworks (CTFs), and graphene-based photocatalysts have garnered significant attention due to their substantial surface area, superior conductivity, and chemical stability. These carbon-based materials are frequently chosen as support matrices for anchoring single metal atoms, thereby enhancing catalytic activity and selectivity. The motivation behind this review article lies in evaluating recent developments in photocatalytic CO2 reduction employing SACs supported on carbon substrates. In conclusion, we highlight critical issues associated with SACs, potential prospects in photocatalytic CO2 reduction, and existing challenges. This review article is dedicated to providing a comprehensive and organized compilation of recent research findings on carbon support materials for SACs in photocatalytic CO2 reduction, with a specific focus on materials that are environmentally friendly, readily accessible, cost-effective, and exceptionally efficient. This work offers a critical assessment and serves as a systematic reference for the development of SACs supported on MOFs, COFs, g-C3N4, graphene, and CTFs support materials to enhance photocatalytic CO2 conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Waqar Ahmad Qureshi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, PR China
| | - Rai Nauman Ali
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, PR China
| | - Rao Shaosheng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, PR China
| | - Ahmad Naveed
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, PR China
| | - Amjad Ali
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, PR China; Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, Szkolna 9, Katowice 40-600, Poland
| | - Maria Yaseen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, PR China
| | - Qinqin Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, PR China.
| | - Juan Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, PR China.
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He B, Xiao P, Wan S, Zhang J, Chen T, Zhang L, Yu J. Rapid Charge Transfer Endowed by Interfacial Ni-O Bonding in S-scheme Heterojunction for Efficient Photocatalytic H 2 and Imine Production. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202313172. [PMID: 37908153 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202313172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Cooperative coupling of H2 evolution with oxidative organic synthesis is promising in avoiding the use of sacrificial agents and producing hydrogen energy with value-added chemicals simultaneously. Nonetheless, the photocatalytic activity is obstructed by sluggish electron-hole separation and limited redox potentials. Herein, Ni-doped Zn0.2 Cd0.8 S quantum dots are chosen after screening by DFT simulation to couple with TiO2 microspheres, forming a step-scheme heterojunction. The Ni-doped configuration tunes the highly active S site for augmented H2 evolution, and the interfacial Ni-O bonds provide fast channels at the atomic level to lower the energy barrier for charge transfer. Also, DFT calculations reveal an enhanced built-in electric field in the heterojunction for superior charge migration and separation. Kinetic analysis by femtosecond transient absorption spectra demonstrates that expedited charge migration with electrons first transfer to Ni2+ and then to S sites. Therefore, the designed catalyst delivers drastically elevated H2 yield (4.55 mmol g-1 h-1 ) and N-benzylidenebenzylamine production rate (3.35 mmol g-1 h-1 ). This work provides atomic-scale insights into the coordinated modulation of active sites and built-in electric fields in step-scheme heterojunction for ameliorative photocatalytic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen He
- Laboratory of Solar Fuel, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, 68 Jincheng Street, Wuhan, 430078, P. R. China
| | - Peng Xiao
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Sijie Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Road, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Jianjun Zhang
- Laboratory of Solar Fuel, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, 68 Jincheng Street, Wuhan, 430078, P. R. China
| | - Tao Chen
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Liuyang Zhang
- Laboratory of Solar Fuel, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, 68 Jincheng Street, Wuhan, 430078, P. R. China
| | - Jiaguo Yu
- Laboratory of Solar Fuel, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, 68 Jincheng Street, Wuhan, 430078, P. R. China
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9
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Kumar K, Wächtler M. Unravelling Dynamics Involving Multiple Charge Carriers in Semiconductor Nanocrystals. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:nano13091579. [PMID: 37177124 PMCID: PMC10181110 DOI: 10.3390/nano13091579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The use of colloidal nanocrystals as part of artificial photosynthetic systems has recently gained significant attention, owing to their strong light absorption and highly reproducible, tunable electronic and optical properties. The complete photocatalytic conversion of water to its components is yet to be achieved in a practically suitable and commercially viable manner. To complete this challenging task, we are required to fully understand the mechanistic aspects of the underlying light-driven processes involving not just single charge carriers but also multiple charge carriers in detail. This review focuses on recent progress in understanding charge carrier dynamics in semiconductor nanocrystals and the influence of various parameters such as dimension, composition, and cocatalysts. Transient absorption spectroscopic studies involving single and multiple charge carriers, and the challenges associated with the need for accumulation of multiple charge carriers to drive the targeted chemical reactions, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishan Kumar
- Department Functional Interfaces, Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology Jena, Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Maria Wächtler
- Chemistry Department and State Research Center OPTIMAS, RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Erwin-Schrödinger-Str. 52, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
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10
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Guo X, Liu X, Wang M, Yan J, Chen Y, Liu S. Unveiling the Origin of Co 3 O 4 Quantum Dots for Photocatalytic Overall Water Splitting. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2206695. [PMID: 36775877 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202206695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Spinel cobalt oxide displays excellent photocatalytic performance, especially in solar driven water oxidation. However, the process of water reduction to hydrogen is considered as the Achilles' heel of solar water splitting over Co3 O4 owing to its low conduction band. Enhancement of the water splitting efficiency using Co3 O4 requires deeper insights of the carrier dynamics during water splitting process. Herein, the carrier dynamic kinetics of colloidal Co3 O4 quantum dots-Pt hetero-junctions is studied, which mimics the hydrogen reduction process during water splitting. It is showed that the quantum confinement effect induced by the small QD size raised the conduction band edge position of Co3 O4 QDs, so that the ligand-to-metal charge transfer from 2p state of oxygen to 3d state of Co2+ occurs, which is necessary for overall water splitting and cannot be achieved in Co3 O4 bulk crystals. The findings in this work provide insights of the photocatalytic mechanism of Co3 O4 catalysts and benefit rational design of Co3 O4 -based photocatalytic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Guo
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, P. R. China
| | - Xing Liu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, P. R. China
| | - Menglong Wang
- International Research Center for Renewable Energy, State Key Laboratory for Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Junqing Yan
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, P. R. China
| | - Yubin Chen
- International Research Center for Renewable Energy, State Key Laboratory for Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Shengzhong Liu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, P. R. China
- iChem, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, P. R. China
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11
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Ben-Shahar Y, Stone D, Banin U. Rich Landscape of Colloidal Semiconductor-Metal Hybrid Nanostructures: Synthesis, Synergetic Characteristics, and Emerging Applications. Chem Rev 2023; 123:3790-3851. [PMID: 36735598 PMCID: PMC10103135 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Nanochemistry provides powerful synthetic tools allowing one to combine different materials on a single nanostructure, thus unfolding numerous possibilities to tailor their properties toward diverse functionalities. Herein, we review the progress in the field of semiconductor-metal hybrid nanoparticles (HNPs) focusing on metal-chalcogenides-metal combined systems. The fundamental principles of their synthesis are discussed, leading to a myriad of possible hybrid architectures including Janus zero-dimensional quantum dot-based systems and anisotropic quasi 1D nanorods and quasi-2D platelets. The properties of HNPs are described with particular focus on emergent synergetic characteristics. Of these, the light-induced charge-separation effect across the semiconductor-metal nanojunction is of particular interest as a basis for the utilization of HNPs in photocatalytic applications. The extensive studies on the charge-separation behavior and its dependence on the HNPs structural characteristics, environmental and chemical conditions, and light excitation regime are surveyed. Combining the advanced synthetic control with the charge-separation effect has led to demonstration of various applications of HNPs in different fields. A particular promise lies in their functionality as photocatalysts for a variety of uses, including solar-to-fuel conversion, as a new type of photoinitiator for photopolymerization and 3D printing, and in novel chemical and biomedical uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuval Ben-Shahar
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research, P.O. Box 19, Ness Ziona74100, Israel
| | - David Stone
- The Institute of Chemistry and Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem91904, Israel
| | - Uri Banin
- The Institute of Chemistry and Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem91904, Israel
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Hiragond CB, Powar NS, Lee J, In SI. Single-Atom Catalysts (SACs) for Photocatalytic CO 2 Reduction with H 2 O: Activity, Product Selectivity, Stability, and Surface Chemistry. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2201428. [PMID: 35695355 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202201428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, single-atom catalysts (SACs) have attracted the interest of researchers owing to their suitability for various catalytic applications. For instance, their optoelectronic features, site-specific activity, and cost-effectiveness make SACs ideal for photocatalytic CO2 reduction. The activity, product selectivity, and photostability of SACs depend on various factors such as the nature of the metal/support material, the interaction between the metal atoms and support, light-harvesting ability, charge separation behavior, CO2 adsorption ability, active sites, and defects. Consequently, it is necessary to investigate these factors in depth to elucidate the working principle(s) of SACs for catalytic applications. Herein, the recent progress in the development of SACs for photocatalytic CO2 reduction with H2 O is reviewed. First, a brief overview of CO2 photoreduction and SACs for CO2 conversion is provided. Several synthesis strategies and useful techniques for characterizing SACs employed in heterogeneous catalysis are then described. Next, the challenges of SACs for photocatalytic CO2 reduction and related optimization strategies, in terms of activity, product selectivity, and stability, are explored. The progress in the development of noble metal- and transition metal-based SACs and dual-SACs for photocatalytic CO2 reduction is discussed. Finally, the prospects of SACs for CO2 reduction are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaitanya B Hiragond
- Department of Energy Science & Engineering, DGIST, 333 Techno Jungang-daero, Hyeonpung-eup, Dalseong-gun, Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Niket S Powar
- Department of Energy Science & Engineering, DGIST, 333 Techno Jungang-daero, Hyeonpung-eup, Dalseong-gun, Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Junho Lee
- Department of Energy Science & Engineering, DGIST, 333 Techno Jungang-daero, Hyeonpung-eup, Dalseong-gun, Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Il In
- Department of Energy Science & Engineering, DGIST, 333 Techno Jungang-daero, Hyeonpung-eup, Dalseong-gun, Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
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Liu Y, Yang W, Chen Q, Cullen DA, Xie Z, Lian T. Pt Particle Size Affects Both the Charge Separation and Water Reduction Efficiencies of CdS-Pt Nanorod Photocatalysts for Light Driven H 2 Generation. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:2705-2715. [PMID: 35089025 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c11745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Decreasing the metal catalyst size into nanoclusters or even single atom is an emerging direction of developing more efficient and cost-effective photocatalytic systems. Because the catalyst particle size affects both the catalyst activity and light driven charge separation efficiency, their effects on the overall photocatalytic efficiency are still poorly understood. Herein, using a well-defined semiconductor-metal heterostructure with Pt nanoparticle catalysts selectively grown on the apexes of CdS nanorods (NRs), we study the effect of the Pt catalyst size on light driven H2 generation quantum efficiency (QEH2). With the increase of the Pt catalyst size from 0.7 ± 0.3 to 3.0 ± 0.8 nm, the QEH2 of CdS-Pt increases from 0.5 ± 0.2% to 38.3 ± 5.1%, by nearly 2 orders of magnitude. Transient absorption spectroscopy measurement reveals that the electron transfer rate from the CdS NR to the Pt tip increases with the Pt diameter following a scaling law of d5.6, giving rise to the increase of electron transfer efficiency at larger Pt sizes. The observed trend can be understood by a simplified kinetic model that assumes the overall efficiency is the product of the quantum efficiencies of charge separation (including hole transfer, electron transfer, and hole scavenging) and water reduction steps, and for CdS-Pt NRs, the quantum efficiencies of electron transfer and water reduction steps increase with the Pt sizes. Our findings suggest the importance of improving the quantum efficiencies of both charge separation and catalysis in designing efficient semiconductor-metal hybrid photocatalysts, especially in the regime of small metal particle sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yawei Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, NE, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Wenxing Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, NE, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States.,Center of Artificial Photosynthesis for Solar Fuels, School of Science, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Qiaoli Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, NE, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States.,State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.,State of Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry Synthesis Technology and College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - David A Cullen
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Zhaoxiong Xie
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Tianquan Lian
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, NE, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
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