1
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Wang Q, Xu H, Qi Z, Mei J, Tian H, Qu DH. Dynamic Near-Infrared Circularly Polarized Luminescence Encoded by Transient Supramolecular Chiral Assemblies. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202407385. [PMID: 38736176 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202407385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) is promising for applications in many fields. However, most systems involving CPL are within the visible range; near-infrared (NIR) CPL-active materials, especially those that exhibit high glum values and can be controlled spatially and temporally, are rare. Herein, dynamic NIR-CPL with a glum value of 2.5×10-2 was achieved through supramolecular coassembly and energy-transfer strategies. The chiral assemblies formed by the coassembly between adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and a pyrene derivative exhibited a red CPL signal (glum of 10-3). The further introduction of sulfo-cyanine5 resulted in a energy-transfer process, which not only led to the NIR CPL but also increased the glum value to 10-2. Temporal control of these chiral assemblies was realized by introducing alkaline phosphatase to fabricate a biomimetic enzyme-catalyzed network, allowing the dynamic NIR CPL signal to be turned on. Based on these enzyme-regulated temporally controllable dynamic CPL-active chiral assemblies, a multilevel information encryption system was further developed. This study provides a pioneering example for the construction of dynamic NIR CPL materials with the ability to perform temporal control via the supramolecular assembly strategy, which is expected to aid in the design of supramolecular complex systems that more closely resemble natural biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Hanren Xu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Zhen Qi
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Ju Mei
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - He Tian
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Da-Hui Qu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
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2
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Jadhav AB, Cheran A, Dutta C, Marydasan B, Kumar J. Binaphthalene-Assisted Axial Chirality in Porphyrins: Toward Solid-State Circularly Polarized Luminescence from Self-Assembled Nanostructures. J Phys Chem Lett 2024:8125-8132. [PMID: 39087857 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c01873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) is emerging as an effective tool to study the excited-state optical activity in molecules and their self-assembled nanostructures. Chiral porphyrins are a class of optically active molecules wherein the ground-state chirality has been extensively studied in recent times using circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy. However, obtaining CPL from porphyrin nanostructures, which would have vast implications in biological applications, has remained an uphill task. In this work, we design and synthesize a pair of chiral porphyrin enantiomers functionalized by axially chiral binaphthalene units at the four meso-positions. The molecule undergoes self-assembly following an isodesmic polymerization model, leading to the formation of a spherical nanostructure possessing opposite chirality. Favorable thermodynamic parameters achieved through the controlled experimental conditions helped drive the self-assembly in the forward direction. The limitations imposed by a large nonradiative decay constant arising due to the aggregation-induced quenching could be overcome by fabricating self-standing polymeric films of the nanostructures. The films exhibited relatively high radiative decay and, more interestingly, good CPL activity with clear mirror image spectra for the nanostructures with opposite chirality. The work on CPL-active solid-state materials opens avenue for the design and synthesis of a variety of porphyrin-based chromophoric systems and their nanoaggregates that can find potential application in the field of chiral biosensing and bioimaging, security tags, and display devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok Badrinarayan Jadhav
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati 517507, India
| | - Arunima Cheran
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati 517507, India
| | - Camelia Dutta
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati 517507, India
| | - Betsy Marydasan
- Department of Chemistry, Government Arts College Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695014, India
| | - Jatish Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati 517507, India
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3
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Lupi M, Fabbri M, Mazzeo G, Longhi G, Abbate S, Viglianisi C, Menichetti S. Organocatalytic hydrogen bond donor/Lewis base (HBD/LB) synthesis and chiroptical properties of thiabridged [5]helicenes. Org Biomol Chem 2024. [PMID: 39040026 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00979g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
Thiabridged [5]helicenes are obtained from thioaryl-N-phthalimido benzo[a]phenothiazines using a hydrogen bond donor/Lewis base organocatalytic approach. Resolution of [5]helicenes using either (1S)-(-)-camphanic acid as a chiral auxiliary or CSP-HPLC is reported. Thiabridged [5]helicenes show an exceptional configurational stability with racemization energy barriers higher than 40 kcal mol-1. Electronic circular dichroism and TD-DFT calculations permit the assignment of the absolute configuration, demonstrating that the sign of optical rotation is not easily related to the M or P structure. Separated enantiomers show circularly polarized luminescence with high dissymmetry ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Lupi
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff" (DICUS), University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 13, Sesto Fiorentino (FI), 50019 Florence, Italy.
| | - Mosè Fabbri
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff" (DICUS), University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 13, Sesto Fiorentino (FI), 50019 Florence, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Mazzeo
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine (DMMT), University of Brescia, V. le Europa 11, Brescia (BS), 25121 Brescia, Italy
| | - Giovanna Longhi
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine (DMMT), University of Brescia, V. le Europa 11, Brescia (BS), 25121 Brescia, Italy
| | - Sergio Abbate
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine (DMMT), University of Brescia, V. le Europa 11, Brescia (BS), 25121 Brescia, Italy
| | - Caterina Viglianisi
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff" (DICUS), University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 13, Sesto Fiorentino (FI), 50019 Florence, Italy.
| | - Stefano Menichetti
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff" (DICUS), University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 13, Sesto Fiorentino (FI), 50019 Florence, Italy.
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4
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Veedu RM, Fernández Z, Bäumer N, Albers A, Fernández G. Pathway-dependent supramolecular polymerization by planarity breaking. Chem Sci 2024; 15:10745-10752. [PMID: 39027305 PMCID: PMC11253169 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc02499k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
In controlled supramolecular polymerization, planar π-conjugated scaffolds are commonly used to predictably regulate stacking interactions, with various assembly pathways arising from competing interactions involving side groups. However, the extent to which the nature of the chromophore itself (planar vs. non-planar) affects pathway complexity requires clarification. To address this question, we herein designed a new BOPHY dye 2, where two oppositely oriented BF2 groups induce a disruption of planarity, and compared its supramolecular polymerization in non-polar media with that of a previously reported planar BODIPY 1 bearing identical substituents. The slightly non-planar structure of the BOPHY dye 2, as evident in previously reported X-ray structures, together with the additional out-of-plane BF2 group, allow for more diverse stacking possibilities leading to two fiber-like assemblies (kinetic 2A and thermodynamic 2B), in contrast to the single assembly previously observed for BODIPY 1. The impact of the less rigid, preorganized BOPHY core compared to the planar BODIPY counterpart is also reflected in the stronger tendency of the former to form anisotropic assemblies as a result of more favorable hydrogen bonding arrays. The structural versatility of the BOPHY core ultimately enables two stable packing arrangements: a kinetically controlled antiparallel face-to-face stacking (2A), and a thermodynamically controlled parallel slipped packing (2B) stabilized by (BF2) F⋯H (meso) interactions. Our findings underscore the significance of planarity breaking and out-of-plane substituents on chromophores as design elements in controlled supramolecular polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasitha Manha Veedu
- Universität Münster, Organisch-Chemisches Institut Corrensstraße 36 Münster 48149 Germany
| | - Zulema Fernández
- Universität Münster, Organisch-Chemisches Institut Corrensstraße 36 Münster 48149 Germany
| | - Nils Bäumer
- Universität Münster, Organisch-Chemisches Institut Corrensstraße 36 Münster 48149 Germany
| | - Antonia Albers
- Universität Münster, Organisch-Chemisches Institut Corrensstraße 36 Münster 48149 Germany
| | - Gustavo Fernández
- Universität Münster, Organisch-Chemisches Institut Corrensstraße 36 Münster 48149 Germany
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5
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López-Gandul L, Rodríguez R, Vanthuyne N, Crassous J, Sánchez L. Supramolecular polymerization of [6]helicene-based cyano-luminogens: on the overall efficiency of self-assembled circularly polarized emitters. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:13041-13049. [PMID: 38916870 DOI: 10.1039/d4nr02110j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
The synthesis of the [6]helicene-based luminophores 1 and 2 is reported. These chiral systems, endowed with cyano-stilbene fragments, form supramolecular polymers by the operation of intermolecular H-bonding interactions between the amides present in the peripheral side chains. The dissimilar disubstitution of 1 and 2 plays a crucial role in their self-assembling features. Thus, 1 does not show an efficient π-stacking of the central aromatic moiety. Instead, its self-assembling process results in a zig-zag arrangement of the monomeric units to form the aggregated species. On the other hand, 2 presents an efficient overlap of the aromatic backbones that affords a co-facial arrangement of the monomeric units. The solvent-dependent studies indicate that both [6]helicenes self-assemble following a cooperative supramolecular polymerization mechanism with a higher degree of cooperativity and stability for compound 2. The enantioenriched samples of both 1 and 2 display a rich dichroic pattern that changes when the supramolecular polymerization takes place. Furthermore, the presence of the cyano-stilbene moieties gives rise to an aggregation induced emission effect. The inherent chirality of both the monomeric and aggregated species of 1 and 2 provides the systems with CPL-emitting properties, presenting a remarkable overall CPL-efficiency, quantified by the BCPL parameter, that increases upon supramolecular polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia López-Gandul
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, s/n, 28040-Madrid, Spain.
| | - Rafael Rodríguez
- Centro Singular de investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS) e Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes), UMR 6226 35000, Rennes, France.
| | | | - Jeanne Crassous
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes), UMR 6226 35000, Rennes, France.
| | - Luis Sánchez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, s/n, 28040-Madrid, Spain.
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6
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Giaconi N, Lupi M, Das TK, Kumar A, Poggini L, Viglianisi C, Sorace L, Menichetti S, Naaman R, Sessoli R, Mannini M. Spin polarized current in chiral organic radical monolayers. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY. C 2024; 12:10029-10035. [PMID: 39006148 PMCID: PMC11238699 DOI: 10.1039/d4tc00944d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
The chirality-induced spin selectivity (CISS) effect is the capability of chiral molecules to act as spin filters, i.e. to selectively sort flowing electrons based on their spin states. The application of this captivating phenomenon holds great promise in the realm of molecular spintronics, where the primary focus lies in advancing technologies based on chiral molecules to regulate the injection and coherence of spin-polarized currents. In this context, we conducted a study to explore the spin filtering capabilities of a monolayer of the thia-bridged triarylamine hetero[4]helicene radical cation chemisorbed on a metallic surface. Magnetic-conductive atomic force microscopy revealed efficient electron spin filtering at exceptionally low potentials. Furthermore, we constructed a spintronic device by incorporating a monolayer of these molecules in between two electrodes, obtaining an asymmetric magnetoresistance trend with signal inversion in accordance with the handedness of the enantiomer involved, indicative of the presence of the CISS effect. Our findings underscore the significance of thia[4]azahelicene organic radicals as promising candidates for the development of quantum information operations based on the CISS effect as a tool to control the molecular spin states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niccolò Giaconi
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff" (DICUS) & INSTM Research Unit, University of Florence Sesto Fiorentino 50019 Italy
| | - Michela Lupi
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff" (DICUS) & INSTM Research Unit, University of Florence Sesto Fiorentino 50019 Italy
| | - Tapan Kumar Das
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science Rehovot 76100 Israel
| | - Anil Kumar
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science Rehovot 76100 Israel
| | - Lorenzo Poggini
- Istituto di Chimica dei Composti Organo-Metallici (ICCOM-CNR) Sesto Fiorentino 50019 Italy
| | - Caterina Viglianisi
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff" (DICUS) & INSTM Research Unit, University of Florence Sesto Fiorentino 50019 Italy
| | - Lorenzo Sorace
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff" (DICUS) & INSTM Research Unit, University of Florence Sesto Fiorentino 50019 Italy
| | - Stefano Menichetti
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff" (DICUS) & INSTM Research Unit, University of Florence Sesto Fiorentino 50019 Italy
| | - Ron Naaman
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science Rehovot 76100 Israel
| | - Roberta Sessoli
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff" (DICUS) & INSTM Research Unit, University of Florence Sesto Fiorentino 50019 Italy
| | - Matteo Mannini
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff" (DICUS) & INSTM Research Unit, University of Florence Sesto Fiorentino 50019 Italy
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7
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Matsuo Y, Gon M, Tanaka K, Seki S, Tanaka T. Synthesis of Aza[ n]helicenes up to n = 19: Hydrogen-Bond-Assisted Solubility and Benzannulation Strategy. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:17428-17437. [PMID: 38866732 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c05156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Synthetic challenges toward anomalous structures and electronic states often involve handling problems such as insolubility in common organic solvents and oxidative degradation under aerobic conditions. We designed benzo-annulated aza[n]helicenes, which benefit from both the suppressed elevation of highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energies and high solubility due to hydrogen bonding with solvent molecules to overcome these challenges. This strategy enabled the synthesis of six new aza[n]helicenes ([n]AHs) of different lengths (n = 9-19) from acyclic precursors via one-pot intramolecular oxidative fusion reactions. The structures of all of the synthesized aza[n]helicenes were determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, and their electrochemical potentials were measured by cyclic voltammetry. Among the synthesized aza[n]helicenes, [17]AH and [19]AH are the first heterohelicenes with a triple-layered helix. The noncovalent interaction (NCI) plots confirm the existence of an effective π-π interaction between the layers. The absorption and fluorescence spectra red-shifted as the helical lengths increased, without any distinct saturation points. The optical resolutions of N-butylated [9]AH, [11]AH, [13]AH, and [15]AH were accomplished, and their circular dichroism (CD) and circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) were measured. Thus, the structural, (chir)optical, and electrochemical properties of the aza[n]helicenes were comprehensively analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Matsuo
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Masayuki Gon
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Kazuo Tanaka
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Shu Seki
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Takayuki Tanaka
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
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8
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AlSabeh G, Almalki M, Kasemthaveechok S, Ruiz-Preciado MA, Zhang H, Vanthuyne N, Zimmermann P, Dekker DM, Eickemeyer FT, Hinderhofer A, Schreiber F, Zakeeruddin SM, Ehrler B, Crassous J, Milić JV, Grätzel M. Helical interfacial modulation for perovskite photovoltaics. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2024; 6:3029-3033. [PMID: 38868831 PMCID: PMC11166111 DOI: 10.1039/d4na00027g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Hybrid metal halide perovskites have demonstrated remarkable performances in modern photovoltaics, although their stabilities remain limited. We assess the capacity to advance their properties by relying on interfacial modulators featuring helical chirality based on P,M-(1-methylene-3-methyl-imidazolium)[6]helicene iodides. We investigate their characteristics, demonstrating comparable charge injection for enantiomers and the racemic mixture. Overall, they maintain the resulting photovoltaic performance while improving operational stability, challenging the role of helical chirality in the interfacial modulation of perovskite solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghewa AlSabeh
- Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne Lausanne Switzerland
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg Fribourg Switzerland
| | - Masaud Almalki
- Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne Lausanne Switzerland
| | | | - Marco A Ruiz-Preciado
- Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Hong Zhang
- Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Vanthuyne
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS Centrale Marseille, iSm2 Marseille France
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, FSCM, Chiropole Marseille France
| | - Paul Zimmermann
- Institute of Applied Physics, University of Tübingen 72076 Tübingen Germany
| | | | - Felix Thomas Eickemeyer
- Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne Lausanne Switzerland
| | | | - Frank Schreiber
- Institute of Applied Physics, University of Tübingen 72076 Tübingen Germany
| | - Shaik M Zakeeruddin
- Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Bruno Ehrler
- AMOLF Science Park 104 Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | | | - Jovana V Milić
- Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne Lausanne Switzerland
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg Fribourg Switzerland
| | - Michael Grätzel
- Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne Lausanne Switzerland
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9
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Kos M, Beránek T, Císařová I, Cuřínová P, Žádný J, Storch J, Církva V, Jakubec M. Resolution of 9,10-Diketo[7]helicene and Its Use in One-Step Preparation of Helicene-Based D-A-D Push-Pull Systems. J Org Chem 2024; 89:7495-7502. [PMID: 38804645 PMCID: PMC11165575 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Racemic 9,10-diketo[7]helicene was successfully separated into enantiomers using a reversible and stereoselective reaction with 2,2'-diamino-1,1'-binaphthalene with moderate yields but with remarkable purity (>99% de). The enantiomerically pure diketone was used as a convenient starting material for the preparation of helicene-based push-pull molecules, which incorporated aza-aryl acceptors and diarylaminophenylene donor groups in a single step. A series of six push-pull systems, along with three reference molecules without donors, were prepared and studied using UV/vis and fluorescence measurements, circular dichroism, and DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Kos
- Research
Group of Advanced Materials and Organic Synthesis, Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the Czech Academy of
Sciences, v. v. i., Rozvojová 135, 165
00 Prague 6, Czech
Republic
| | - Tomáš Beránek
- Research
Group of Advanced Materials and Organic Synthesis, Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the Czech Academy of
Sciences, v. v. i., Rozvojová 135, 165
00 Prague 6, Czech
Republic
| | - Ivana Císařová
- Department
of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Hlavova 2030, 128 40 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Cuřínová
- Research
Group of Advanced Materials and Organic Synthesis, Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the Czech Academy of
Sciences, v. v. i., Rozvojová 135, 165
00 Prague 6, Czech
Republic
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, University of Chemistry
and Technology, Technická
5, 166 28 Prague
6, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Žádný
- Research
Group of Advanced Materials and Organic Synthesis, Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the Czech Academy of
Sciences, v. v. i., Rozvojová 135, 165
00 Prague 6, Czech
Republic
| | - Jan Storch
- Research
Group of Advanced Materials and Organic Synthesis, Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the Czech Academy of
Sciences, v. v. i., Rozvojová 135, 165
00 Prague 6, Czech
Republic
| | - Vladimír Církva
- Research
Group of Advanced Materials and Organic Synthesis, Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the Czech Academy of
Sciences, v. v. i., Rozvojová 135, 165
00 Prague 6, Czech
Republic
| | - Martin Jakubec
- Research
Group of Advanced Materials and Organic Synthesis, Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the Czech Academy of
Sciences, v. v. i., Rozvojová 135, 165
00 Prague 6, Czech
Republic
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10
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Schwalb AJ, García F, Sánchez L. Electronically and geometrically complementary perylenediimides for kinetically controlled supramolecular copolymers. Chem Sci 2024; 15:8137-8144. [PMID: 38817561 PMCID: PMC11134332 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc01322k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of 3,4,9,10-benzo[d,e]isoquinolino[1,8-g,h]quinoline-tetracarboxylic diimide (BQQDI) 1 endowed with peripheral trialkoxybenzamide fragments is reported and its self-assembling features investigated. The peripheral benzamide moieties generate metastable monomeric species that afford a kinetically controlled supramolecular polymerization. The electron-withdrawing character of 1 in comparison with previously reported PDIs 2, together with the similar geometry, makes this dye an optimal candidate to perform seeded supramolecular copolymerization yielding four different supramolecular block copolymers. Whilst heteropolymers poly-1-co-2a, poly-2a-co-1 and poly-1-co-2b present an H-type arrangement of the monomeric units, heteropolymer poly-2b-co-1, prepared by seeding the chiral, metastable monomers of 2b with achiral seeds of 1, produces chiral, J-type aggregates. Interestingly, the monosignated CD signal of pristine poly-2b changes to a bisignated CD signal most probably due to the formation of columnar domains around the seeds of 1 which implies the blocky nature of the supramolecular copolymers formed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso J Schwalb
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid 28040 Madrid Spain
| | - Fátima García
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid 28040 Madrid Spain
| | - Luis Sánchez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid 28040 Madrid Spain
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11
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Wen X, Wang F, Du S, Jiang Y, Zhang L, Liu M. Achiral Solvent Inversed Helical Pathway and Cosolvent Controlled Excited-State "Majority Rule" in Enantiomeric Dansulfonamide Assemblies. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2401954. [PMID: 38733233 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202401954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Achiral solvents are commonly utilized to induce the self-assembly of chiral molecules. This study demonstrates that achiral solvents can trigger helicity inversion in the assemblies of dansyl amphiphiles and control the excited-state "majority rule" in assemblies composed of pure enantiomers, through variation of the cosolvent ratio. Specifically, enantiomers of dansyl amphiphiles self-assemble into helical structures with opposite handedness in methanol (MeOH) and acetonitrile (MeCN), together with inversed circular dichroism and circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) signals. When a mixture of MeOH and MeCN is employed, the achiral cosolvents collectively affect the CPL of the assemblies in a way similar to that of "mixed enantiomers". The dominant cosolvent governs the CPL signal. As the cosolvent composition shifts from pure MeCN to MeOH, the CPL signals undergo a significant inversion and amplification, with two maxima observed at ≈20% MeOH and 20% MeCN. This study deepens the comprehension of how achiral solvents modulate helical nanostructures and their excited-state chiroptical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wen
- Key Laboratory of Colloid, Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), ZhongGuanCun North First Street 2, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Fulin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Colloid, Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), ZhongGuanCun North First Street 2, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Sifan Du
- Key Laboratory of Colloid, Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), ZhongGuanCun North First Street 2, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Yuqian Jiang
- Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Li Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Colloid, Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), ZhongGuanCun North First Street 2, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Minghua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Colloid, Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), ZhongGuanCun North First Street 2, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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12
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Niu W, Fu Y, Deng Q, Qiu ZL, Liu F, Popov AA, Komber H, Ma J, Feng X. Enhancing Chiroptical Responses in Helical Nanographenes via Geometric Engineering of Double [7]Helicenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202319874. [PMID: 38372180 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202319874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Helical nanographenes with high quantum yields and strong chiroptical responses are pivotal for developing circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) materials. Here, we present the successful synthesis of novel π-extended double [7]helicenes (ED7Hs) where two helicene units are fused at the meta- or para-position of the middle benzene ring, respectively, as the structural isomers of the reported ortho-fused ED7H. The structural geometry of these ED7Hs is clearly characterized by single-crystal X-ray analysis. Notably, this class of ED7Hs exhibits bright luminescence with high quantum yields exceeding 40 %. Through geometric regulation of two embedded [7]helicene units from ortho-, meta- to para-position, these ED7Hs display exceptional amplification in chiroptical responses. This enhancement is evident in a remarkable approximate fivefold increase in the absorbance and luminescence dissymmetry factors (gabs and glum), respectively, along with a boosted CPL brightness up to 176 M-1 cm-1, surpassing the performance of most helicene-based chiral NGs. Furthermore, DFT calculations elucidate that the geometric adjustment of two [7]helicene units allows the precise alignment of electric and magnetic transition dipole moments, leading to the observed enhancement of their chiroptical responses. This study offers an effective strategy for magnifying the CPL performance in chiral NGs, promoting their expanded application as CPL emitters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Niu
- Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Weinberg 2, Halle, 06120, Germany
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) & Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstrasse 4, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Yubin Fu
- Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Weinberg 2, Halle, 06120, Germany
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) & Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstrasse 4, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Qingsong Deng
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Zhen-Lin Qiu
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) & Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstrasse 4, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Fupin Liu
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Alexey A Popov
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Hartmut Komber
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e. V., Hohe Straße 6, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ji Ma
- Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Weinberg 2, Halle, 06120, Germany
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) & Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstrasse 4, 01062, Dresden, Germany
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology & Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Science, 100049, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Xinliang Feng
- Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Weinberg 2, Halle, 06120, Germany
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) & Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstrasse 4, 01062, Dresden, Germany
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13
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Guo H, Lovell JB, Shu C, Pink M, Morton M, Rajca S, Rajca A. Chiral π-Conjugated Double Helical Aminyl Diradical with the Triplet Ground State. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:9422-9433. [PMID: 38501228 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c02057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
We report a neutral high-spin diradical of chiral C2-symmetric bis[5]diazahelicene with ΔEST ≈ 0.4 kcal mol-1, as determined by EPR spectroscopy/SQUID magnetometry. The diradical is the most persistent among all high-spin aminyl radicals reported to date by a factor of 20, with a half-life of up to 6 days in 2-MeTHF at room temperature. Its triplet ground state and excellent persistence may be associated with the unique spin density distribution within the dihydrophenazine moiety, which characterizes two effective 3-electron C-N bonds analogous to the N-O bond of a nitroxide radical. The enantiomerically enriched (ee ≥ 94%) (MM)- and (PP)-enantiomers of the precursors to the diradicals are obtained by either preparative chiral supercritical fluid chromatography or resolution via functionalization with the chiral auxiliary of the C2-symmetric racemic tetraamine. The barrier for the racemization of the solid tetraamine is ΔG‡ = 43 ± 0.01 kcal mol-1 in the 483-523 K range. The experimentally estimated lower limit of the barrier for the racemization of a diradical, ΔG‡ ≥ 26 kcal mol-1 in 2-MeTHF at 293 K, is comparable to the DFT-determined barrier of ΔG‡ = 31 kcal mol-1 in the gas phase at 298 K. While the enantiomerically pure tetraamine displays strong chiroptical properties, with anisotropy factor |g| = |Δε|/ε = 0.036 at 376 nm, |g| ≈ 0.005 at 548 nm of the high-spin diradical is comparable to that recently reported triplet ground-state diradical dication. Notably, the radical anion intermediate in the generation of diradical exhibits a large SOMO-HOMO inversion, SHI = 35 kcal mol-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoxin Guo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0304, United States
| | - Joshua B Lovell
- Teledyne ISCO, 4700 Superior Street, Lincoln, Nebraska 68504-1328, United States
| | - Chan Shu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0304, United States
| | - Maren Pink
- IUMSC, Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405-7102, United States
| | - Martha Morton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0304, United States
| | - Suchada Rajca
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0304, United States
| | - Andrzej Rajca
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0304, United States
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14
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Fabri B, Funaioli T, Frédéric L, Elsner C, Bordignon E, Zinna F, Di Bari L, Pescitelli G, Lacour J. Triple para-Functionalized Cations and Neutral Radicals of Enantiopure Diaza[4]helicenes. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:8308-8319. [PMID: 38483324 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c13487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Modulation of absorbance and emission is key for the design of chiral chromophores. Accessing a series of compounds absorbing and emitting (circularly polarized) light over a wide spectral window and often toward near-infrared is of practical value in (chir)optical applications. Herein, by late-stage functionalization on derivatives bridging triaryl methyl and helicene domains, we have achieved the regioselective triple introduction of para electron-donating or electron-withdrawing substituents. Extended tuning of electronic (e.g., E1/2red -1.50 V → -0.68 V) and optical (e.g., emission covering from 550 to 850 nm) properties is achieved for the cations and neutral radicals; the latter compounds being easily prepared by mono electron reductions under electrochemical or chemical conditions. While luminescence quantum yields can be increased up to 70% in the cationic series, strong Cotton effects are obtained for certain radicals at low energies (λabs ∼ 700-900 nm) with gabs values above 10-3. The open-shell electronic nature of the radicals was further characterized by electron paramagnetic resonance revealing an important spin density delocalization that contributes to their persistence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bibiana Fabri
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, Quai Ernest Ansermet 30, Geneva 4 1211, Switzerland
| | - Tiziana Funaioli
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, University of Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, Pisa 56124, Italy
| | - Lucas Frédéric
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, Quai Ernest Ansermet 30, Geneva 4 1211, Switzerland
| | - Christina Elsner
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Geneva, Quai Ernest Ansermet 30, Geneva 4 1211, Switzerland
| | - Enrica Bordignon
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Geneva, Quai Ernest Ansermet 30, Geneva 4 1211, Switzerland
| | - Francesco Zinna
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, University of Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, Pisa 56124, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Di Bari
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, University of Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, Pisa 56124, Italy
| | - Gennaro Pescitelli
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, University of Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, Pisa 56124, Italy
| | - Jérôme Lacour
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, Quai Ernest Ansermet 30, Geneva 4 1211, Switzerland
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15
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Bloom BP, Paltiel Y, Naaman R, Waldeck DH. Chiral Induced Spin Selectivity. Chem Rev 2024; 124:1950-1991. [PMID: 38364021 PMCID: PMC10906005 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Since the initial landmark study on the chiral induced spin selectivity (CISS) effect in 1999, considerable experimental and theoretical efforts have been made to understand the physical underpinnings and mechanistic features of this interesting phenomenon. As first formulated, the CISS effect refers to the innate ability of chiral materials to act as spin filters for electron transport; however, more recent experiments demonstrate that displacement currents arising from charge polarization of chiral molecules lead to spin polarization without the need for net charge flow. With its identification of a fundamental connection between chiral symmetry and electron spin in molecules and materials, CISS promises profound and ubiquitous implications for existing technologies and new approaches to answering age old questions, such as the homochiral nature of life. This review begins with a discussion of the different methods for measuring CISS and then provides a comprehensive overview of molecules and materials known to exhibit CISS-based phenomena before proceeding to identify structure-property relations and to delineate the leading theoretical models for the CISS effect. Next, it identifies some implications of CISS in physics, chemistry, and biology. The discussion ends with a critical assessment of the CISS field and some comments on its future outlook.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian P. Bloom
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Yossi Paltiel
- Applied
Physics Department and Center for Nano-Science and Nano-Technology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Ron Naaman
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann
Institute, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - David H. Waldeck
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
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16
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Agrawal AR, Shiouki I, Deree Y, Bogoslavsky B, Gidron O. Controlling helicene's pitch by molecular tethering. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:1365-1368. [PMID: 38258458 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob02075d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
We applied post-cyclization annulation to introduce a series of tethered S-shaped double [4]helicenes in which the intramolecular tether imposes a specific helical handedness. Introducing a tether and then shortening the tether length incrementally increase the pitch angle of [4]helicene, thus enabling a quantitative study of the effects of helicene's pitch on its electronic and (chiro)optical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhijeet R Agrawal
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Jerusalem, Israel.
| | - Israa Shiouki
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Jerusalem, Israel.
| | - Yinon Deree
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Jerusalem, Israel.
| | - Benny Bogoslavsky
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Jerusalem, Israel.
| | - Ori Gidron
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Jerusalem, Israel.
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17
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Greciano EE, Schwalb AJ, Sánchez L. Effect of chirality in the supramolecular polymerization of N-annulated perylenediimides: Cancelling pathway complexity. Chirality 2024; 36:e23639. [PMID: 38384148 DOI: 10.1002/chir.23639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Herein, the synthesis of two chiral NPBIs, (S)-1 and (R)-1, is reported and their self-assembling features investigated. The reported NPBIs form chiral supramolecular polymers with a rich dichroic pattern by the π-stacking of the aromatic backbones and the formation of an array of H-bonds between the amide functional groups. Furthermore, the peripheral 3,4,5-trialkoxy benzamide groups can form seven-membered pseudocycles by the intramolecular H-bonding interaction between the NH of the peripheral amides and one of the carbonyls of the imide units thus yielding a kinetically controlled self-assembly process. Unlike achiral NPBI 1, that has been reported to form up to four supramolecular polymorphs, the reported chiral NPBIs form only a J-type aggregated species. The results presented herein reveal how subtle changes exert an enormous influence on the supramolecular polymerization outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa E Greciano
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alfonso J Schwalb
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Sánchez
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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18
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Somasundaran SM, Kompella SVK, Madapally HV, Vishnu EK, Balasubramanian S, Thomas KG. Red Circularly Polarized Luminescence from Dimeric H-Aggregates of Acridine Orange by Chiral Induction. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:507-513. [PMID: 38190655 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c03127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the mechanism of chirality transfer from a chiral surface to an achiral molecule is essential for designing molecular systems with tunable chiroptical properties. These aspects are explored herein using l- and d-isomers of alkyl valine amphiphiles, which self-assemble in water as nanofibers possessing a negative surface charge. An achiral chromophore, acridine orange, upon electrostatic binding on these surfaces displays mirror-imaged bisignated circular dichroism and red-emitting circularly polarized luminescence signals with a high dissymmetry factor. Experimental and computational investigations establish that the chiroptical properties emerge from surface-bound asymmetric H-type dimers of acridine orange, further supported by fluorescence lifetime imaging studies. Specifically, atomistic molecular dynamics simulations show that the experimentally observed chiral signatures have their origin in van der Waals interactions between acridine orange dimers and the amphiphile head groups as well as in the extent of solvent exposure of the chromophore.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanoop Mambully Somasundaran
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram (IISER TVM), Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram 695551, India
| | - Srinath V K Kompella
- Chemistry and Physics of Materials Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Jakkur, Bangalore 560064, India
| | - Hridya Valia Madapally
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram (IISER TVM), Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram 695551, India
| | - E Krishnan Vishnu
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram (IISER TVM), Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram 695551, India
| | - Sundaram Balasubramanian
- Chemistry and Physics of Materials Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Jakkur, Bangalore 560064, India
| | - K George Thomas
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram (IISER TVM), Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram 695551, India
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19
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Whittaker SJ, Zhou H, Spencer RB, Yang Y, Tiwari A, Bendesky J, McDowell M, Sundaram P, Lozano I, Kim S, An Z, Shtukenberg AG, Kahr B, Lee SS. Leveling up Organic Semiconductors with Crystal Twisting. CRYSTAL GROWTH & DESIGN 2024; 24:613-626. [PMID: 38250542 PMCID: PMC10797633 DOI: 10.1021/acs.cgd.3c01072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
The performance of crystalline organic semiconductors depends on the solid-state structure, especially the orientation of the conjugated components with respect to device platforms. Often, crystals can be engineered by modifying chromophore substituents through synthesis. Meanwhile, dissymetry is necessary for high-tech applications like chiral sensing, optical telecommunications, and data storage. The synthesis of dissymmetric molecules is a labor-intensive exercise that might be undermined because common processing methods offer little control over orientation. Crystal twisting has emerged as a generalizable method for processing organic semiconductors and offers unique advantages, such as patterning of physical and chemical properties and chirality that arises from mesoscale twisting. The precession of crystal orientations can enrich performance because achiral molecules in achiral space groups suddenly become candidates for the aforementioned technologies that require dissymetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- St. John Whittaker
- Molecular Design Institute, Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Hengyu Zhou
- Molecular Design Institute, Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Rochelle B. Spencer
- Molecular Design Institute, Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Yongfan Yang
- Molecular Design Institute, Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Akash Tiwari
- Molecular Design Institute, Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Justin Bendesky
- Molecular Design Institute, Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Merritt McDowell
- Molecular Design Institute, Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Pallavi Sundaram
- Molecular Design Institute, Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Idalys Lozano
- Molecular Design Institute, Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Shin Kim
- Molecular Design Institute, Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Zhihua An
- Molecular Design Institute, Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Alexander G. Shtukenberg
- Molecular Design Institute, Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Bart Kahr
- Molecular Design Institute, Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Stephanie S. Lee
- Molecular Design Institute, Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
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20
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Gabbani A, Taddeucci A, Bertuolo M, Pineider F, Aronica LA, Di Bari L, Pescitelli G, Zinna F. Magnetic Circular Dichroism Elucidates Molecular Interactions in Aggregated Chiral Organic Materials. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202313315. [PMID: 37962845 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202313315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Chiral materials formed by aggregated organic compounds play a fundamental role in chiral optoelectronics, photonics and spintronics. Nonetheless, a precise understanding of the molecular interactions involved remains an open problem. Here we introduce magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) as a new tool to elucidate molecular interactions and structural parameters of a supramolecular system. A detailed analysis of MCD together with electronic circular dichroism spectra combined to ab initio calculations unveils essential information on the geometry and energy levels of a self-assembled thin film made of a carbazole di-bithiophene chiral molecule. This approach can be extended to a generality of chiral organic materials and can help rationalizing the fundamental interactions leading to supramolecular order. This in turn could enable a better understanding of structure-property relationships, resulting in a more efficient material design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Gabbani
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Via Moruzzi 13, 56124, Pisa, Italy
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Florence, via Sansone 1, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy
| | - Andrea Taddeucci
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Via Moruzzi 13, 56124, Pisa, Italy
- Current affiliation: Diamond Light Source Ltd., Fermi Avenue, Chilton, Didcot OX11 0DE, UK
| | - Marco Bertuolo
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Via Moruzzi 13, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesco Pineider
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Via Moruzzi 13, 56124, Pisa, Italy
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Florence, via Sansone 1, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy
| | - Laura Antonella Aronica
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Via Moruzzi 13, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Di Bari
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Via Moruzzi 13, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Gennaro Pescitelli
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Via Moruzzi 13, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesco Zinna
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Via Moruzzi 13, 56124, Pisa, Italy
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21
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Zhang DY, Sang Y, Das TK, Guan Z, Zhong N, Duan CG, Wang W, Fransson J, Naaman R, Yang HB. Highly Conductive Topologically Chiral Molecular Knots as Efficient Spin Filters. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:26791-26798. [PMID: 37972388 PMCID: PMC10722505 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c08966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Knot-like structures were found to have interesting magnetic properties in condensed matter physics. Herein, we report on topologically chiral molecular knots as efficient spintronic chiral material. The discovery of the chiral-induced spin selectivity (CISS) effect opens the possibility of manipulating the spin orientation with soft materials at room temperature and eliminating the need for a ferromagnetic electrode. In the chiral molecular trefoil knot, there are no stereogenic carbon atoms, and chirality results from the spatial arrangements of crossings in the trefoil knot structures. The molecules show a very high spin polarization of nearly 90%, a conductivity that is higher by about 2 orders of magnitude compared with that of other chiral small molecules, and enhanced thermal stability. A plausible explanation for these special properties is provided, combined with model calculations, that supports the role of electron-electron interaction in these systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Yang Zhang
- Shanghai
Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes & Shanghai
Frontiers Science Center of Molecule Intelligent Syntheses & Chang-Kung
Chuang Institute, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Yutao Sang
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann
Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
- State
Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of
Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Tapan Kumar Das
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann
Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Zhao Guan
- Key
Laboratory of Polar Materials and Devices (MOE) and State Key Laboratory
of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal
University, 500 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Ni Zhong
- Key
Laboratory of Polar Materials and Devices (MOE) and State Key Laboratory
of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal
University, 500 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai 200241, China
- Collaborative
Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi
University, Taiyuan 237016 Shanxi, China
| | - Chun-Gang Duan
- Key
Laboratory of Polar Materials and Devices (MOE) and State Key Laboratory
of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal
University, 500 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai 200241, China
- Collaborative
Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi
University, Taiyuan 237016 Shanxi, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Shanghai
Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes & Shanghai
Frontiers Science Center of Molecule Intelligent Syntheses & Chang-Kung
Chuang Institute, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Jonas Fransson
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75236, Sweden
| | - Ron Naaman
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann
Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Hai-Bo Yang
- Shanghai
Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes & Shanghai
Frontiers Science Center of Molecule Intelligent Syntheses & Chang-Kung
Chuang Institute, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
- Institute
of Eco-Chongming, Shanghai 202162, China
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22
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Niu W, Fu Y, Qiu ZL, Schürmann CJ, Obermann S, Liu F, Popov AA, Komber H, Ma J, Feng X. π-Extended Helical Multilayer Nanographenes with Layer-Dependent Chiroptical Properties. J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 38048528 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c09350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
Helical nanographenes (NGs) have attracted increasing attention recently because of their intrinsic chirality and exotic chiroptical properties. However, the efficient synthesis of extended helical NGs featuring a multilayer topology is still underdeveloped, and their layer-dependent chiroptical properties remain elusive. In this study, we demonstrate a modular synthetic strategy to construct a series of novel helical NGs (1-3) with a multilayer topology through a consecutive Diels-Alder reaction and regioselective cyclodehydrogenation from the readily accessible phenanthrene-based precursors bearing ethynyl groups. The resultant NGs exhibit bilayer, trilayer, and tetralayer structures with elongated π extension and rigid helical backbones, as unambiguously confirmed by single-crystal X-ray or electron diffraction analysis. We find that the photophysical properties of these helical NGs are notably influenced by the degree of π extension, which varies with the number of layers, leading to obvious redshifted absorption, a fast rising molar extinction coefficient (ε), and markedly boosted fluorescence quantum yield (Φf). Moreover, the embedded [7]helicene subunits in these NGs result in stable chirality, enabling both chiral resolution and exploration of their layer-dependent chiroptical properties. Profiting from the good alignment of electric and magnetic dipole moments determined by the multilayer structure, the resultant NGs exhibit excellent circular dichroism and circularly polarized luminescence response with unprecedented high CPL brightness up to 168 M-1 cm-1, rendering them promising candidates for CPL emitters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Niu
- Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Weinberg 2, Halle 06120, Germany
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) & Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstrasse 4, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Yubin Fu
- Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Weinberg 2, Halle 06120, Germany
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) & Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstrasse 4, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Zhen-Lin Qiu
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) & Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstrasse 4, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Sebastian Obermann
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) & Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstrasse 4, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Fupin Liu
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Alexey A Popov
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Hartmut Komber
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Straße 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Ji Ma
- Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Weinberg 2, Halle 06120, Germany
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) & Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstrasse 4, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Xinliang Feng
- Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Weinberg 2, Halle 06120, Germany
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) & Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstrasse 4, 01062 Dresden, Germany
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23
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Rodríguez R, Naranjo C, Kumar A, Dhbaibi K, Matozzo P, Camerel F, Vanthuyne N, Gómez R, Naaman R, Sánchez L, Crassous J. Weakly Self-Assembled [6]Helicenes: Circularly Polarized Light and Spin Filtering Properties. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202302254. [PMID: 37635073 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Self-assembling features, chiroptical activity, and spin filtering properties are reported for 2,15- and 4,13-disubstituted [6]helicenes decorated in their periphery with 3,4,5-tris(dodecyloxy)-N-(4-ethynylphenyl)benzamide moieties. The weak non-covalent interaction between these units conditions the corresponding circularly polarized luminescence and spin polarization. The self-assembly is overall weak for these [6]helicene derivatives that, despite the formation of H-bonding interactions between the amide groups present in the peripheral moieties, shows very similar chiroptical properties both in the monomeric or aggregated states. This effect could be explained by considering the steric effect that these groups could generate in the growing of the corresponding aggregate formed. Importantly, the self-assembling features also condition chiral induced spin selectivity (CISS effect), with experimental spin polarization (SP) values found between 35-40 % for both systems, as measured by magnetic-conducting atomic force microscopy (AFM) technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Rodríguez
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, University of Rennes, CNRS, ISCR, UMR 6226, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Cristina Naranjo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Anil Kumar
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Kais Dhbaibi
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, University of Rennes, CNRS, ISCR, UMR 6226, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Paola Matozzo
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, University of Rennes, CNRS, ISCR, UMR 6226, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Franck Camerel
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, University of Rennes, CNRS, ISCR, UMR 6226, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Nicolas Vanthuyne
- Aix Marseille Université, Centrale Marseille, CNRS, iSm2 UMR 7313, Marseille, 13397, France
| | - Rafael Gómez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ron Naaman
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Luis Sánchez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jeanne Crassous
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, University of Rennes, CNRS, ISCR, UMR 6226, F-35000, Rennes, France
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24
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Abstract
As an active branch within the field of supramolecular polymers, chiral supramolecular polymers (SPs) are an excellent benchmark to generate helical structures that can clarify the origin of homochirality in Nature or help determine new exciting functionalities of organic materials. Herein, we highlight the most utilized strategies to build up chiral SPs by using chiral monomeric units or external stimuli. Selected examples of transfer of asymmetry, in which the point or axial chirality contained by the monomeric units is efficiently transferred to the supramolecular scaffold yielding enantioenriched helical structures, will be presented. The importance of the thermodynamics and kinetics associated with those processes is stressed, especially the influence that parameters such as the helix reversal and mismatch penalties exert on the achievement of amplification of asymmetry in co-assembled systems will also be considered. Remarkable examples of breaking symmetry, in which chiral supramolecular polymers can be attained from achiral self-assembling units by applying external stimuli like stirring, solvent or light, are highlighted. Finally, the specific and promising applications of chiral supramolecular polymers are presented with recent relevant examples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fátima García
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040-Madrid, Spain.
| | - Rafael Gómez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040-Madrid, Spain.
| | - Luis Sánchez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040-Madrid, Spain.
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25
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Hong KI, Kumar A, Garcia AM, Majumder S, Ruiz-Carretero A. Electron spin polarization in supramolecular polymers with complex pathways. J Chem Phys 2023; 159:114903. [PMID: 37712794 DOI: 10.1063/5.0164825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Mastering the manipulation of the electron spin plays a crucial role in comprehending the behavior of organic materials in several applications, such as asymmetric catalysis, chiroptical switches, and electronic devices. A promising avenue for achieving such precise control lies in the Chiral Induced Spin Selectivity (CISS) effect, where electrons with a favored spin exhibit preferential transport through chiral assemblies of specific handedness. Chiral supramolecular polymers emerge as excellent candidates for exploring the CISS effect due to their ability to modulate their helical structure through noncovalent interactions. In this context, systems capable of responding to external stimuli are particularly intriguing, sometimes even displaying chirality inversion. This study unveils spin selectivity in chiral supramolecular polymers, derived from single enantiomers, through scanning tunneling microscopy conducted in scanning tunneling spectroscopy mode. Following two distinct sample preparation protocols for each enantiomer, we generate supramolecular polymers with opposite handedness and specific spin transport characteristics. Our primary focus centers on chiral π-conjugated building blocks, with the aim of advancing novel systems that can inspire the organic spintronics community from a supramolecular chemistry level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyeong-Im Hong
- Institute Charles Sadron, CNRS, UPR22, University of Strasbourg, 23 Rue du Loess, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
- Institute for Advanced Study, University of Strasbourg, 5 Allée du Général Rouvillois, F-67083 Strasbourg, France
| | - Abhinandan Kumar
- Department of Physics, National Institute of Technology, Patna 800005, India
| | - Ana M Garcia
- Institute Charles Sadron, CNRS, UPR22, University of Strasbourg, 23 Rue du Loess, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
- Institute for Advanced Study, University of Strasbourg, 5 Allée du Général Rouvillois, F-67083 Strasbourg, France
- Instituto Regional de Investigación Científica Aplicada (IRICA), Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain and Faculty of Chemical Science and Technology, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Subrata Majumder
- Department of Physics, National Institute of Technology, Patna 800005, India
| | - Amparo Ruiz-Carretero
- Institute Charles Sadron, CNRS, UPR22, University of Strasbourg, 23 Rue du Loess, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
- Institute for Advanced Study, University of Strasbourg, 5 Allée du Général Rouvillois, F-67083 Strasbourg, France
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26
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Naranjo C, Doncel-Giménez A, Gómez R, Aragó J, Ortí E, Sánchez L. Solvent-dependent self-assembly of N-annulated perylene diimides. From dimers to supramolecular polymers. Chem Sci 2023; 14:9900-9909. [PMID: 37736635 PMCID: PMC10510848 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc03372d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The synthesis and self-assembling features of the N-annulated perylene diimide (NPBI) 1 in different solvents are reported. Compound 1 possesses two chiral linkers, derived from (S)-(+)-alaninol, that connect the central aromatic NPBI segment and the peripheral trialkoxybenzamide units. The Ala-based linker has been demonstrated to strongly favor the formation of intramolecularly H-bonded seven-membered pseudocycles. NPBI 1 shows a strong tendency to self-assemble even in a good solvent like CHCl3 and the formation of chiral dimers is detected in this good solvent. Both experimental techniques and theoretical calculations reveal that the intramolecular H-bonded pseudocycles are very robust and the formation of chiral dimers is driven by the π-stacking of two units of the NPBI core. Unexpectedly, an efficient transfer of the asymmetry of the point chirality at the linker to the aromatic moiety is observed in the molecularly dissolved state. Changing the solvent to more apolar methylcyclohexane modifies the self-assembly process and the formation of chiral supramolecular polymers is detected. The supramolecular polymerization of 1 is demonstrated to follow an isodesmic mechanism unlike previous referable systems. In the formation of the supramolecular polymers of 1, the combination of experimental and computational data indicates that the H-bonded pseudocycles are also present in the aggregated state and the rope-like, columnar aggregates formed by the self-assembly of 1 rely on the π-stacking of the NPBI backbones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Naranjo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid 28040 Madrid Spain
| | - Azahara Doncel-Giménez
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol), Universidad de Valencia C/Catedrático José Beltrán, 2 46980 Paterna Spain
| | - Rafael Gómez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid 28040 Madrid Spain
| | - Juan Aragó
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol), Universidad de Valencia C/Catedrático José Beltrán, 2 46980 Paterna Spain
| | - Enrique Ortí
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol), Universidad de Valencia C/Catedrático José Beltrán, 2 46980 Paterna Spain
| | - Luis Sánchez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid 28040 Madrid Spain
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27
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Das A, Ghosh S, George SJ. Chiroptical Amplification of Induced Circularly Polarized Luminescence in Nucleotide-Templated Supramolecular Polymer. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202308281. [PMID: 37534951 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202308281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Efficient circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) from purely organic molecules holds great promise for applications in displays, sensing, and bioimaging. However, achieving high dissymmetry values (glum ) from organic chromophores remains a significant challenge. Herein, we present a bioinspired approach using adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-triggered supramolecular polymerization of a naphthalene diimide-derived monomer (ANSG) to induce CPL with a remarkable glum value of 1.1×10-2 . The ANSG molecules undergo a templated, chiral self-assembly through a cooperative growth mechanism in the presence of ATP, resulting in scrolled nanotubes with aggregation-induced enhanced emission (AIEE) and induced CPL. Furthermore, we demonstrate the concept of chiroptical amplification of induced CPL by efficiently amplifying asymmetry using a mixture of chiral ATP and achiral pyrophosphate. This innovative approach opens numerous opportunities in the emerging field of circularly polarized luminescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angshuman Das
- New Chemistry Unit and School of Advanced Materials (SAMat), Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Jakkur, Bangalore 560064, India
| | - Saikat Ghosh
- New Chemistry Unit and School of Advanced Materials (SAMat), Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Jakkur, Bangalore 560064, India
| | - Subi J George
- New Chemistry Unit and School of Advanced Materials (SAMat), Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Jakkur, Bangalore 560064, India
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28
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López-Gandul L, Morón-Blanco A, García F, Sánchez LL. Supramolecular Block Copolymers from Tricarboxamides. Biasing Co-assembly by the Incorporation of Pyridine Rings. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202308749. [PMID: 37483088 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202308749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of a series of triangular-shaped tricarboxamides endowed with three picoline or nicotine units (compounds 2 and 3, respectively) or just one nicotine unit (compound 4) is reported, and their self-assembling features investigated. The pyridine rings make compounds 2-4 electronically complementary with our previously reported oligo(phenylene ethynylene)tricarboxamides (OPE-TA) 1 to form supramolecular copolymers. C3 -symmetric tricarboxamide 2 forms highly stable intramolecular five-membered pseudocycles that impede its supramolecular polymerization into poly-2 and the co-assembly with 1 to yield copolymer poly-1-co-2. On the other hand, C3 -symmetric tricarboxamide 3 readily forms poly-3 with great stability but unable to form helical supramolecular polymers despite the presence of the peripheral chiral side chains. The copolymer poly-1-co-3 can only be obtained by a previous complete disassembly of the constitutive homopolymers in CHCl3 . Helical poly-1-co-3 arises in a process involving the transfer of the helicity from racemic poly-1 to poly-3, and the amplification of asymmetry from chiral poly-3 to poly-1. Importantly, C2v -symmetric 4, endowed with only one nicotinamide moiety and three chiral side chains, self-assembles into a P-type helical supramolecular polymer (poly-4) in a thermodynamically controlled cooperative process. The combination of poly-1 and poly-4 generates chiral supramolecular copolymer poly-1-co-4, whose blocky microstructure has been investigated by applying the previously reported supramolecular copolymerization model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía López-Gandul
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid Ciudad Universitaria, s/n, 28040-, Madrid, Spain
| | - Adrián Morón-Blanco
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid Ciudad Universitaria, s/n, 28040-, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fátima García
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid Ciudad Universitaria, s/n, 28040-, Madrid, Spain
| | - L Luis Sánchez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid Ciudad Universitaria, s/n, 28040-, Madrid, Spain
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29
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Kumar Das T, Mondal AK, Tiwari OS, Makam P, Leitus G, Gazit E, Claudio F, Naaman R. Spin-induced electron transmission through metal-organic chiral crystals. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:22124-22129. [PMID: 37563955 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp02579a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Metal-organic Co(II)-phenylalanine crystals were studied and were found to possess magnetic properties and long-range spin transport. Magnetic measurements confirmed that in the crystals there are antiferromagnetic interactions between Co(II) and the lattice. The metal-organic crystals (MOCs) also present the chirality-induced spin selectivity (CISS) effect at room temperature. A long-range spin polarization is observed using a magnetic conductive-probe atomic force microscope. The spin polarization is found to be in the range of 35-45%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapan Kumar Das
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel.
| | - Amit Kumar Mondal
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel.
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology (INST), Sector-81, Mohali 140306, Punjab, India
| | - Om Shanker Tiwari
- The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Pandeeswar Makam
- The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Gregory Leitus
- Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Ehud Gazit
- The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Fontanesi Claudio
- Department of Engineering "Enzo Ferrari," University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena 41125, Italy
| | - Ron Naaman
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel.
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30
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Giaconi N, Poggini L, Lupi M, Briganti M, Kumar A, Das TK, Sorrentino AL, Viglianisi C, Menichetti S, Naaman R, Sessoli R, Mannini M. Efficient Spin-Selective Electron Transport at Low Voltages of Thia-Bridged Triarylamine Hetero[4]helicenes Chemisorbed Monolayer. ACS NANO 2023; 17:15189-15198. [PMID: 37493644 PMCID: PMC10416567 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c04878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
The Chirality Induced Spin Selectivity (CISS) effect describes the capability of chiral molecules to act as spin filters discriminating flowing electrons according to their spin state. Within molecular spintronics, efforts are focused on developing chiral-molecule-based technologies to control the injection and coherence of spin-polarized currents. Herein, for this purpose, we study spin selectivity properties of a monolayer of a thioalkyl derivative of a thia-bridged triarylamine hetero[4]helicene chemisorbed on a gold surface. A stacked device assembled by embedding a monolayer of these molecules between ferromagnetic and diamagnetic electrodes exhibits asymmetric magnetoresistance with inversion of the signal according to the handedness of molecules, in line with the presence of the CISS effect. In addition, magnetically conductive atomic force microscopy reveals efficient electron spin filtering even at unusually low potentials. Our results demonstrate that thia[4]heterohelicenes represent key candidates for the development of chiral spintronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niccolò Giaconi
- Department
of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff” (DICUS) & INSTM Research
Unit, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3-13, Sesto Fiorentino 50019, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Poggini
- Istituto
di Chimica dei Composti Organo-Metallici (ICCOM-CNR), Via Madonna del Piano 10, Sesto Fiorentino 50019, Italy
| | - Michela Lupi
- Department
of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff” (DICUS) & INSTM Research
Unit, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3-13, Sesto Fiorentino 50019, Italy
| | - Matteo Briganti
- Department
of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff” (DICUS) & INSTM Research
Unit, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3-13, Sesto Fiorentino 50019, Italy
| | - Anil Kumar
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann
Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Tapan K. Das
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann
Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Andrea L. Sorrentino
- Department
of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff” (DICUS) & INSTM Research
Unit, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3-13, Sesto Fiorentino 50019, Italy
| | - Caterina Viglianisi
- Department
of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff” (DICUS) & INSTM Research
Unit, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3-13, Sesto Fiorentino 50019, Italy
| | - Stefano Menichetti
- Department
of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff” (DICUS) & INSTM Research
Unit, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3-13, Sesto Fiorentino 50019, Italy
| | - Ron Naaman
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann
Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Roberta Sessoli
- Department
of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff” (DICUS) & INSTM Research
Unit, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3-13, Sesto Fiorentino 50019, Italy
| | - Matteo Mannini
- Department
of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff” (DICUS) & INSTM Research
Unit, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3-13, Sesto Fiorentino 50019, Italy
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31
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Zhao HY, Gou X, Pei YR, Jin LY. Chirality Amplification Over the Morphology Control of the Rod-Coil Molecules with Lateral Methyl Groups. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023. [PMID: 37294904 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c00864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In the context of sustainable development, research regarding chirality has aroused enormous attention. Concurrently, chiral self-assembly is one of the most important subjects in supramolecular research, which can broaden the applications of chiral materials. This study focuses on the morphology control of amphiphilic rod-coil molecules composed of the rigid hexaphenyl unit and flexible oligoethylene and butoxy groups containing lateral methyl groups, carried out using an enantioseparation application. The methyl side chain being located on different blocks influences the driving force through steric hindrance, which determines the direction and degree of tilted packing during the π-π stacking of the self-assembly process. Interestingly, the amphiphilic rod-coil molecules aggregated into long helical nano-fibers, which further hierarchically aggregated into nano-sheets or nano-tubes upon increasing the concentration of the THF/H2O solution. In particular, the hierarchical-chiral assembly effectively amplified the chirality and was validated by the strong Cotton signals; playing a vital role in the enantioselective nucleophilic substitution reaction. These results provide new insights into the applications of chiral self-assemblies and soft chiral materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Yu Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, National Demonstration Centre for Experimental Chemistry Education, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoliang Gou
- Department of Chemistry, National Demonstration Centre for Experimental Chemistry Education, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Rong Pei
- Department of Chemistry, National Demonstration Centre for Experimental Chemistry Education, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, People's Republic of China
| | - Long Yi Jin
- Department of Chemistry, National Demonstration Centre for Experimental Chemistry Education, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, People's Republic of China
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Izquierdo-García P, Fernández-García JM, Medina Rivero S, Šámal M, Rybáček J, Bednárová L, Ramírez-Barroso S, Ramírez FJ, Rodríguez R, Perles J, García-Fresnadillo D, Crassous J, Casado J, Stará IG, Martín N. Helical Bilayer Nanographenes: Impact of the Helicene Length on the Structural, Electrochemical, Photophysical, and Chiroptical Properties. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:11599-11610. [PMID: 37129470 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c01088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Helical bilayer nanographenes (HBNGs) are chiral π-extended aromatic compounds consisting of two π-π stacked hexabenzocoronenes (HBCs) joined by a helicene, thus resembling van der Waals layered 2D materials. Herein, we compare [9]HBNG, [10]HBNG, and [11]HBNG helical bilayers endowed with [9], [10], and [11]helicenes embedded in their structure, respectively. Interestingly, the helicene length defines the overlapping degree between the two HBCs (number of benzene rings involved in π-π interactions between the two layers), being 26, 14, and 10 benzene rings, respectively, according to the X-ray analysis. Unexpectedly, the electrochemical study shows that the lesser π-extended system [9]HBNG shows the strongest electron donor character, in part by interlayer exchange resonance, and more red-shifted values of emission. Furthermore, [9]HBNG also shows exceptional chiroptical properties with the biggest values of gabs and glum (3.6 × 10-2) when compared to [10]HBNG and [11]HBNG owing to the fine alignment in the configuration of [9]HBNG between its electric and magnetic dipole transition moments. Furthermore, spectroelectrochemical studies as well as the fluorescence spectroscopy support the aforementioned experimental findings, thus confirming the strong impact of the helicene length on the properties of this new family of bilayer nanographenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Izquierdo-García
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús M Fernández-García
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Samara Medina Rivero
- Departament of Physical Chemistry, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Sheffield, S3 7RH Sheffield, U.K
| | - Michal Šámal
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Rybáček
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Bednárová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Sergio Ramírez-Barroso
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco J Ramírez
- Departament of Physical Chemistry, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - Rafael Rodríguez
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR), UMR 6226 CNRS─Univ Rennes, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Josefina Perles
- Laboratorio DRX Monocristal, SIdI, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - David García-Fresnadillo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jeanne Crassous
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR), UMR 6226 CNRS─Univ Rennes, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Juan Casado
- Departament of Physical Chemistry, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - Irena G Stará
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Nazario Martín
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- IMDEA-Nanociencia, C/Faraday, 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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33
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Zhao F, Zhao J, Liu H, Wang Y, Duan J, Li C, Di J, Zhang N, Zheng X, Chen P. Synthesis of π-Conjugated Chiral Organoborane Macrocycles with Blue to Near-Infrared Emissions and the Diradical Character of Cations. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:10092-10103. [PMID: 37125835 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c00306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Highly emissive π-conjugated macrocycles with tunable circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) have sparked theoretical and synthetic interests in recent years. Herein, we report a synthetic approach to obtain new chiral organoborane macrocycles (CMC1, CMC2, and CMC3) that are built on the structurally chiral [5]helicenes and highly luminescent triarylborane/amine moieties embedded into the cyclic systems. These rarely accessible B/N-doped main-group chiral macrocycles show a unique topology dependence of the optoelectronic and chiroptical properties. CMC1 and CMC2 show a higher luminescence dissymmetry factor (glum) together with an enhanced CPL brightness (BCPL) as compared with CMC3. Electronic effects were also tuned and resulted in bathochromic shifts of their emission and CPL responses from blue for CMC1 to the near-infrared (NIR) region for CMC3. Furthermore, chemical oxidations of the N donor sites in CMC1 gave rise to a highly stable radical cation (CMC1·+SbF6-) and diradical dication species (CMC12·2+2SbF6-) that serve as a rare example of a positively charged open-shell chiral macrocycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Jingyi Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Houting Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252059, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Jiaxian Duan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Chenglong Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Jiaqi Di
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Niu Zhang
- Analysis & Testing Centre, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zheng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Pangkuan Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, China
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Cei M, Di Bari L, Zinna F. Circularly polarized luminescence of helicenes: A data-informed insight. Chirality 2023; 35:192-210. [PMID: 36707940 DOI: 10.1002/chir.23535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Helicenes are an interesting scaffold for chiroptical properties and in particular circularly polarized luminescence (CPL). In this short review, we collect the luminescence (glum ) and absorption (gabs ) dissymmetry factors associated to the first Cotton effect of the electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectrum. Considering the data for 170 [n]-helicenes (n = 4-11), overall we found reasonable correlations between glum and gabs . Despite a few notable exceptions, this would confirm a similarity in the stereochemistry of the ground and emitting excited states for most helicenes. These results may be useful in rationalizing chiroptical data and help chemists in designing new helicene structures with the desired CPL properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Cei
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Di Bari
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesco Zinna
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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35
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Dhbaibi K, Morgante P, Vanthuyne N, Autschbach J, Favereau L, Crassous J. Low-Temperature Luminescence in Organic Helicenes: Singlet versus Triplet State Circularly Polarized Emission. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:1073-1081. [PMID: 36700562 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c03831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The experimental measurement of the photophysical and chiroptical properties of helicene-based π-conjugated emitters with electron-accepting (-CN, -py, -NO2) or donating (TMS, NMe2, NH2) moieties is reported at low temperature (77 K). The samples exhibit strong circularly polarized phosphorescence in frozen solution of 2-MeTHF, with a luminescence dissymmetry factor reaching 1.6 × 10-2 and a lifetime of over 0.46 s for the most active molecule, the nitro compound. The theoretical investigation shows that although the singlet (S1) and triplet (T1) excited-state emissions mainly arise from the helicene core, the rotatory strengths of the spin-allowed versus spin-forbidden emission have opposite signs. Further analysis of the spin-orbit coupling matrix elements shows that there is no strong mixing between S1 and T1, justifying the different signs of the rotatory strengths. In the case of the nitro compound, the enhanced phosphorescence emission is due to an efficient intersystem crossing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kais Dhbaibi
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR-UMR 6226, ScanMAT-UMS 2001, F-35000Rennes, France
| | - Pierpaolo Morgante
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York14260, United States
| | - Nicolas Vanthuyne
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS Centrale Marseille, iSm2, 13284Marseille, France
| | - Jochen Autschbach
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York14260, United States
| | - Ludovic Favereau
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR-UMR 6226, ScanMAT-UMS 2001, F-35000Rennes, France
| | - Jeanne Crassous
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR-UMR 6226, ScanMAT-UMS 2001, F-35000Rennes, France
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36
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Geng Z, Liu Z, Li H, Zhang Y, Zheng W, Quan Y, Cheng Y. Inverted and Amplified CP-EL Behavior Promoted by AIE-Active Chiral Co-Assembled Helical Nanofibers. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2209495. [PMID: 36479735 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202209495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
It is well-known that high-performance circularly polarized organic light-emitting diodes (CP-OLEDs) remain a formidable challenge to the future application of circularly polarized luminescent (CPL)-active materials. Herein, the design of a pair of AIE-active chiral enantiomers (L/D-HP) is described to construct chiral co-assemblies with an achiral naphthalimide dye (NTi). The resulting co-assemblies emit an inverted CPL signal compared with that from the L/D-HP enantiomers. After thermal annealing at 120 °C, the inverted CPL signal of this kind of L/D-HP-NTi with a 1:1 molar ratio shows regular and ordered helical nanofibers arranged through intermolecularly ordered layered packing and is accompanied with a further amplified effect (|gem | = 0.032, λem = 535 nm). Significantly, non-doped CP-OLEDs based on a device emitting layer (EML) of L/D-HP-NTi exhibits a low turn-on voltage (Von ) of 4.7 V, a high maximum brightness (Lmax ) of 2001 cd m-2 , and moderate maximum external quantum efficiency (EQEmax ) of 2.3%, as well as excellent circularly polarized electroluminescence (CP-EL) (|gEL | = 0.023, λem = 533 nm).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongxing Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Zheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Hang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Material and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Wenhua Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Yiwu Quan
- Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Material and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Yixiang Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
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37
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Maniappan S, Reddy KL, Kumar J. Transmitting biomolecular chirality into carbon nanodots: a facile approach to acquire chiral light emission at the nanoscale. Chem Sci 2023; 14:491-498. [PMID: 36741532 PMCID: PMC9847681 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc05794h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the observation of chirality at the nanoscale, research focused towards the design and synthesis of optically active nanomaterials has been at a brisk pace. In this regard, carbon based zero dimensional nanomaterials have attracted vast attention due to their rich optical properties, abundance of raw materials, minimal environmental hazardousness, good solubility, and ease of surface modification. However, efforts focused towards the synthesis of chiral carbon nanodots exhibiting optical activity both in their ground and excited states are rather scarce. Herein, we report a facile synthetic approach for the preparation of three sets of intrinsically chiral carbon nanodots that exhibit intense circularly polarized luminescence. Synthesis under optimized conditions using l- and d-isomers of the chiral precursors led to the formation of carbon nanodots that displayed mirror image circular dichroism and circularly polarized luminescence signals revealing their ground and excited state chirality. The experimental results are supportive of the reported core-shell model comprising an achiral carbon core that is enclosed within an amorphous shell contributing to the chiral luminescence. The luminescence anisotropy and wavelength could be tuned by varying the experimental conditions such as temperature and pH. The chiral emissive properties of the nanoparticles could be demonstrated in free-standing polymeric films revealing their potential to be used as chiral light emitting agents in optical devices, data storage and security tags. Being the first observation of intrinsic circularly polarized luminescence from a range of carbon nanodots, both in the solution and solid state, we envisage that the work will open new avenues for the investigation of excited stated chirality at the nanoscale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Maniappan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) TirupatiTirupati – 517507India
| | - Kumbam Lingeshwar Reddy
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) TirupatiTirupati – 517507India
| | - Jatish Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) TirupatiTirupati – 517507India
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38
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Labella J, Bhowmick DK, Kumar A, Naaman R, Torres T. Easily processable spin filters: exploring the chiral induced spin selectivity of bowl-shaped chiral subphthalocyanines. Chem Sci 2023; 14:4273-4277. [PMID: 37123186 PMCID: PMC10132120 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc01069d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Herein a new class of spin filters based on subphthalocyanines is reported. We measure the CISS effect by means of magnetic conductive probe atomic force microscopy (mc-AFM). Remarkably, the resulting devices show spin polarizations (SPs) as high as ca. 50%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Labella
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, C/Francisco Tomás y Valiente 7, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Deb Kumar Bhowmick
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001, Israel
| | - Anil Kumar
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001, Israel
| | - Ron Naaman
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001, Israel
| | - Tomás Torres
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, C/Francisco Tomás y Valiente 7, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- IMDEA-Nanociencia, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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39
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Roy G, Gupta R, Ranjan Sahoo S, Saha S, Asthana D, Chandra Mondal P. Ferrocene as an iconic redox marker: From solution chemistry to molecular electronic devices. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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40
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Dual switch of helicity and fluorescent emission in amphiphilic glutamide Pyridine-Cyanostilbene based supramolecular gel. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.120322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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41
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López-Gandul L, Naranjo C, Sánchez C, Rodríguez R, Gómez R, Crassous J, Sánchez L. Stereomutation and chiroptical bias in the kinetically controlled supramolecular polymerization of cyano-luminogens. Chem Sci 2022; 13:11577-11584. [PMID: 36320383 PMCID: PMC9555562 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc03449b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of two pairs of enantiomeric cyano-luminogens 1 and 2, in which the central chromophore is a p-phenylene or a 2,5-dithienylbenzene moiety, respectively, is described and their supramolecular polymerization under kinetic and thermodynamic control investigated. Compounds 1 and 2 form supramolecular polymers by quadruple H-bonding arrays between the amide groups and the π-stacking of the central aromatic moieties. In addition, the peripheral benzamide units are able to form intramolecularly H-bonded pseudocycles that behave as metastable monomer M* thus affording kinetically and thermodynamically controlled aggregated species AggI and AggII. The chiroptical and emissive features of compounds 1 and 2 strongly depend on the aggregation state and the nature of the central aromatic unit. Compounds 1 exhibit a bisignated dichroic response of different intensity but with similar sign for both AggI1 and AggII1 species, which suggests the formation of helical aggregates. In fact, these helical supramolecular polymers can be visualized by AFM imaging. Furthermore, both AggI and AggII species formed by the self-assembly of compounds 1 show CPL (circularly polarized light) activity of opposite sign depending on the aggregation state. Thienyl-derivatives 2 display dissimilar chiroptical, morphological and emissive characteristics for the corresponding kinetically and thermodynamically controlled aggregated species AggI and AggII in comparison to those registered for compounds 1. Thus, a stereomutation phenomenon is observed in the AggI2 → AggII2 conversion. In addition, AggI2 is arranged into nanoparticles that evolve to helical aggregates to afford AggII2. The dissimilar chiroptical and morphological features of AggI2 and AggII2 are also appreciated in the emissive properties. Thus, whilst AggI2 experiences a clear AIE (aggregation induced emission) process and CPL activity, the thermodynamically controlled AggII2 undergoes an ACQ (aggregation caused quenching) process in which the CPL activity is cancelled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía López-Gandul
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad; de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid 28040 Madrid Spain
| | - Cristina Naranjo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad; de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid 28040 Madrid Spain
| | - Cecilia Sánchez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad; de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid 28040 Madrid Spain
| | - Rafael Rodríguez
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) - UMR 6226 F-35000 Rennes France
| | - Rafael Gómez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad; de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid 28040 Madrid Spain
| | - Jeanne Crassous
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) - UMR 6226 F-35000 Rennes France
| | - Luis Sánchez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad; de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid 28040 Madrid Spain
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42
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Shang W, Zhu X, Jiang Y, Cui J, Liu K, Li T, Liu M. Self‐Assembly of Macrocyclic Triangles into Helicity‐Opposite Nanotwists by Competitive Planar over Point Chirality. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202210604. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202210604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Weili Shang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Zhengzhou University Kexuedadao 100 Zhengzhou 450001 China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS) Key Laboratory of Colloid Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences ZhongGuanCun North First Street 2 Beijing 100190 China
| | - Xuefeng Zhu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS) Key Laboratory of Colloid Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences ZhongGuanCun North First Street 2 Beijing 100190 China
| | - Yuqian Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication National Center for Nanoscience and Technology Beijing 100190 China
| | - Jie Cui
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS) Key Laboratory of Colloid Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences ZhongGuanCun North First Street 2 Beijing 100190 China
| | - Kaiang Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS) Key Laboratory of Colloid Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences ZhongGuanCun North First Street 2 Beijing 100190 China
| | - Tiesheng Li
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Zhengzhou University Kexuedadao 100 Zhengzhou 450001 China
| | - Minghua Liu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Zhengzhou University Kexuedadao 100 Zhengzhou 450001 China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS) Key Laboratory of Colloid Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences ZhongGuanCun North First Street 2 Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
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43
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Li J, Peng X, Hou C, Shi S, Ma J, Qi Q, Lai W. Discriminating Chiral Supramolecular Motions by Circularly Polarized Luminescence. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202202336. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202202336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junfeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays (KLOEID) Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications 9 Wenyuan Road Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Xuelei Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays (KLOEID) Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications 9 Wenyuan Road Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Chenxi Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays (KLOEID) Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications 9 Wenyuan Road Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Shunan Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays (KLOEID) Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications 9 Wenyuan Road Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Jiamian Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays (KLOEID) Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications 9 Wenyuan Road Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Qi Qi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Southeast University No.2 SEU Road Nanjing 211189 China
| | - Wen‐Yong Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays (KLOEID) Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications 9 Wenyuan Road Nanjing 210023 China
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE) MIIT Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE) Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an 710072 China
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Shang W, Zhu X, Jiang Y, Cui J, Liu K, Li T, Liu M. Self‐Assembly of Macrocyclic Triangles into Helicity‐Opposite Nanotwists by Competitive Planar over Point Chirality. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202210604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Weili Shang
- Zhengzhou University College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering CHINA
| | - Xuefeng Zhu
- Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Colloid, Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics CHINA
| | - Yuqian Jiang
- National Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology: National Center for Nanoscience and Technology Key laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication CHINA
| | - Jie Cui
- Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS) CHINA
| | - Kaiang Liu
- Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS) CHINA
| | - Tiesheng Li
- Zhengzhou University College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering CHINA
| | - Minghua Liu
- Institute of Chemistry, CAS Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Scie Zhong Guancun 100080 Beijing CHINA
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Brand M, Norman P. Nontrivial spectral band progressions in electronic circular dichroism spectra of carbohelicenes revealed by linear response calculations. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:19321-19332. [PMID: 35929836 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp02371g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrate that contemporary computational resources allow for accurate theoretical studies of systems matching recent advances in experimental helicene chemistry. Concerned with first-principles calculations of carbohelicenes, our work surpasses CH[12] as the largest system investigated to date and unravels trends in the electronic structure of the low-lying states of the homologous series. Utilizing a highly efficient implementation of linear response algorithms, we present electronic circular dichroism (CD) spectra of carbohelicenes ranging from CH[5] to CH[30] at the level of Kohn-Sham density-functional theory. Our results for a systematic increase in system size show the emergence of new CD bands that subsequently rise to intensities dominating the spectrum. The spectral band progressions exhibit a periodicity directly linked to the number of overlapping layers of conjugation. While our findings rectify the current understanding of the electronic structure of carbohelicenes, they also serve as a general call for caution regarding the extrapolation of trends from small system ranges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Brand
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry and Biology, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Patrick Norman
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry and Biology, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
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