1
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Oluwatoba DS, Safoah HA, Do TD. The rise and fall of adenine clusters in the gas phase: a glimpse into crystal growth and nucleation. Anal Bioanal Chem 2024:10.1007/s00216-024-05442-2. [PMID: 39031229 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-024-05442-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/22/2024]
Abstract
The emergence of a crystal nucleus from disordered states is a critical and challenging aspect of the crystallization process, primarily due to the extremely short length and timescales involved. Methods such as liquid-cell or low-dose focal-series transmission electron microscopy (TEM) are often employed to probe these events. In this study, we demonstrate that ion mobility spectrometry-mass spectrometry (IMS-MS) offers a complementary and insightful perspective on the nucleation process by examining the sizes and shapes of small clusters, specifically those ranging from n = 2 to 40. Our findings reveal the significant role of sulfate ions in the growth of adeninediium sulfate clusters, which are the precursors to the formation of single crystals. Specifically, sulfate ions stabilize adenine clusters at the 1:1 ratio. In contrast, guanine sulfate forms smaller clusters with varied ratios, which become stable as they approach the 1:2 ratio. The nucleation size is predicted to be between n = 8 and 14, correlating well with the unit cell dimensions of adenine crystals. This correlation suggests that IMS-MS can identify critical nucleation sizes and provide valuable structural information consistent with established crystallographic data. We also discuss the strengths and limitations of IMS-MS in this context. IMS-MS offers rapid and robust experimental protocols, making it a valuable tool for studying the effects of various additives on the assembly of small molecules. Additionally, it aids in elucidating nucleation processes and the growth of different crystal polymorphs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Happy Abena Safoah
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Thanh D Do
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA.
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2
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Commins P, Al-Handawi MB, Deger C, Polavaram S, Yavuz I, Rezgui R, Li L, Houk KN, Naumov P. Ferroelastic Control of the Multicolor Emission from a Triply Doped Organic Crystal. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:16540-16548. [PMID: 38860601 PMCID: PMC11191679 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c03190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Emission from crystalline organic solids is often quenched by nonemissive energy-transfer deexcitation processes. While dispersion of fluorophores in polymers or other hosts has been used to enhance the emission intensity, this strategy results in randomization of guest orientation and optical losses at grain boundaries. Here, we report the doping of inherently nonemissive single crystals of anilinium bromide with three fluorescent organic molecules. The doping process equips the crystal with emission characteristics that tune from blue to deep orange. The emission intensity can be reversibly modulated by ferroelastic twinning, which causes the material to function as a multiemissive force sensor. This approach opens up new pathways in the manipulation of emissive properties in organic crystals and may have substantial implications for optoelectronic devices and sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Commins
- Smart
Materials Lab, New York University Abu Dhabi, PO Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Marieh B. Al-Handawi
- Smart
Materials Lab, New York University Abu Dhabi, PO Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Caner Deger
- Department
of Physics, Marmara University, Istanbul 34722, Türkiye
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California, Los Angeles, Los
Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Srujana Polavaram
- Smart
Materials Lab, New York University Abu Dhabi, PO Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Ilhan Yavuz
- Department
of Physics, Marmara University, Istanbul 34722, Türkiye
| | - Rachid Rezgui
- Smart
Materials Lab, New York University Abu Dhabi, PO Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Liang Li
- Smart
Materials Lab, New York University Abu Dhabi, PO Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, UAE
- Department
of Sciences and Engineering, Sorbonne University
Abu Dhabi, PO Box 38044, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - K. N. Houk
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California, Los Angeles, Los
Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Panče Naumov
- Smart
Materials Lab, New York University Abu Dhabi, PO Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, UAE
- Center
for Smart Engineering Materials, New York
University Abu Dhabi, PO Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, UAE
- Research
Center for Environment and Materials, Macedonian
Academy of Sciences and Arts, Bul. Krste Misirkov 2, Skopje MK-1000, Macedonia
- Molecular
Design Institute, Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
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3
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Hong Q, Zhao L, Lin F, Tan N, You X, Lu B, Huang B, Lv J, Chen Y, Tang L. Synthesis of Guanine/Vermiculite Two-Dimensional Nanocomposites for Wireless Humidity Sensing in Nut Storage Environment. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:58734-58745. [PMID: 38055937 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c13235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) nanostructures have the advantages of high specific surface area, easy surface functionalization, abundant active sites, and good compatibility with device integration and can be assembled into three-dimensional structures, which are key to the development of high-performance gas sensors. In this study, 2D vermiculite (VMT) nanosheets and guanine (G), two renewable resources with unique chemical structures, were organically combined to fully use the specificity of their molecular structures and functional activities. Driven by the regulation of 2D VMT nanosheets, guanine/vermiculite (G/VMT)-based 2D nanocomposites with controllable pore structure, multiple binding sites, and unobstructed mass transfer were designed and synthesized. The G/VMT nanocomposite material was used as a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) electrode-sensitive film material to build a QCM-based humidity sensor. G/VMT-based QCM humidity sensor had good logarithmic linear relation (0.9971), high sensitivity (24.49 Hz/% relative humidity), low hysteresis (1.75% RH), fast response/recovery time (39/6 s), and good stability. Furthermore, with a QCM sensor and a specially designed wireless circuit, a wireless humidity detection system transmitting via Wi-Fi allows real-time monitoring of nut storage. This study presents an environmentally friendly, high-performance, miniature 2D nanocomposite sensor strategy for real-time monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiqi Hong
- College of Material Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Lan Zhao
- College of Material Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Fengcai Lin
- Fujian Engineering and Research Center of New Chinese Lacquer Materials, College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Minjiang University, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Ningning Tan
- College of Material Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Xinda You
- College of Material Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Beili Lu
- College of Material Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Biao Huang
- College of Material Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Jianhua Lv
- College of Material Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Yandan Chen
- College of Material Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Lirong Tang
- College of Material Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian 350108, China
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4
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Hu H, Xue R, Chen F. Biomineralization and Properties of Guanine Crystals. Molecules 2023; 28:6138. [PMID: 37630390 PMCID: PMC10459440 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28166138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Guanine crystals with unique optical properties in organisms have been extensively studied and the biomineralization principles of guanine are being established. This review summarizes the fundamental physicochemical properties (solubility, tautomers, bands, and refractivity), polymorphs, morphology of biological and synthetic forms, and the reported biomineralization principles of guanine (selective recrystallization of amorphous precursor, preassembled scaffolds, additives, twinning, hypoxanthine doping, fluorescence, and assembly). The biomineralization principles of guanine will be helpful for the synthesis of guanine crystals with excellent properties and the design of functional organic materials for drugs, dyes, organic semiconductors, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoxin Hu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China;
- School of Resources and Chemical Engineering, Sanming University, Sanming 365004, China
| | - Rongrong Xue
- School of Resources and Chemical Engineering, Sanming University, Sanming 365004, China
| | - Fenghua Chen
- School of Resources and Chemical Engineering, Sanming University, Sanming 365004, China
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5
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Wang M, Chen G, Hou X, Luo Y, Jin B, Li X. Assembly of Supramolecular Nanoplatelets with Tailorable Geometrical Shapes and Dimensions. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15112547. [PMID: 37299347 DOI: 10.3390/polym15112547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The craving for controllable assembly of geometrical nanostructures from artificial building motifs, which is routinely achieved in naturally occurring systems, has been a perpetual and outstanding challenge in the field of chemistry and materials science. In particular, the assembly of nanostructures with different geometries and controllable dimensions is crucial for their functionalities and is usually achieved with distinct assembling subunits via convoluted assembly strategies. Herein, we report that with the same building subunits of α-cyclodextrin (α-CD)/block copolymer inclusion complex (IC), geometrical nanoplatelets with hexagonal, square, and circular shapes could be produced by simply controlling the solvent conditions via one-step assembly procedure, driven by the crystallization of IC. Interestingly, these nanoplatelets with different shapes shared the same crystalline lattice and could therefore be interconverted to each other by merely tuning the solvent compositions. Moreover, the dimensions of these platelets could be decently controlled by tuning the overall concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moyan Wang
- Experimental Center of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, No.5 Zhongguancun South St., Beijing 100081, China
| | - Gangfeng Chen
- Experimental Center of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, No.5 Zhongguancun South St., Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiaojian Hou
- Experimental Center of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, No.5 Zhongguancun South St., Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yunjun Luo
- Experimental Center of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, No.5 Zhongguancun South St., Beijing 100081, China
- Key Laboratory of High Energy Density Materials, MOE, Beijing Institute of Technology, No.5 Zhongguancun South St., Beijing 100081, China
| | - Bixin Jin
- Experimental Center of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, No.5 Zhongguancun South St., Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- Experimental Center of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, No.5 Zhongguancun South St., Beijing 100081, China
- Key Laboratory of High Energy Density Materials, MOE, Beijing Institute of Technology, No.5 Zhongguancun South St., Beijing 100081, China
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6
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Pavan ME, Movilla F, Pavan EE, Di Salvo F, López NI, Pettinari MJ. Guanine crystal formation by bacteria. BMC Biol 2023; 21:66. [PMID: 37013555 PMCID: PMC10071637 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-023-01572-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Guanine crystals are organic biogenic crystals found in many organisms. Due to their exceptionally high refractive index, they contribute to structural color and are responsible for the reflective effect in the skin and visual organs in animals such as fish, reptiles, and spiders. Occurrence of these crystals in animals has been known for many years, and they have also been observed in eukaryotic microorganisms, but not in prokaryotes. RESULTS In this work, we report the discovery of extracellular crystals formed by bacteria and reveal that they are composed of guanine monohydrate. This composition differs from that of biogenic guanine crystals found in other organisms, mostly composed of β anhydrous guanine. We demonstrate the formation of these crystals by Aeromonas and other bacteria and investigate the metabolic traits related to their synthesis. In all cases studied, the presence of the bacterial guanine crystals correlates with the absence of guanine deaminase, which could lead to guanine accumulation providing the substrate for crystal formation. CONCLUSIONS Our finding of the hitherto unknown guanine crystal occurrence in prokaryotes extends the range of organisms that produce these crystals to a new domain of life. Bacteria constitute a novel and more accessible model to study the process of guanine crystal formation and assembly. This discovery opens countless chemical and biological questions, including those about the functional and adaptive significance of their production in these microorganisms. It also paves the road for the development of simple and convenient processes to obtain biogenic guanine crystals for diverse applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Elisa Pavan
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Federico Movilla
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física e INQUIMAE-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Esteban E Pavan
- Biomedical Technologies Laboratory, Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico Di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Florencia Di Salvo
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física e INQUIMAE-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nancy I López
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- IQUIBICEN-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M Julia Pettinari
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- IQUIBICEN-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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7
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Sasaki R, Toda S, Sakamoto T, Sakuradani E, Shigeto S. Simultaneous Imaging and Characterization of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids, Carotenoids, and Microcrystalline Guanine in Single Aurantiochytrium limacinum Cells with Linear and Nonlinear Raman Microspectroscopy. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:2708-2718. [PMID: 36920390 PMCID: PMC10068736 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c00302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Thraustochytrids are heterotrophic marine protists known for their high production capacity of various compounds with health benefits, such as polyunsaturated fatty acids and carotenoids. Although much effort has been focused on developing optimal cultivation methods for efficient microbial production, these high-value compounds and their interrelationships are not well understood at the single-cell level. Here we used spontaneous (linear) Raman and multiplex coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) microspectroscopy to visualize and characterize lipids (e.g., docosahexaenoic acid) and carotenoids (e.g., astaxanthin) accumulated in single living Aurantiochytrium limacinum cells. Spontaneous Raman imaging with the help of multivariate curve resolution-alternating least-squares enabled us to make unambiguous assignments of the molecular components we detected and derive their intracellular distributions separately. Near-IR excited CARS imaging yielded the Raman images at least an order of magnitude faster than spontaneous Raman imaging, with suppressed contributions of carotenoids. As the culture time increased from 2 to 5 days, the lipid amount increased by a factor of ∼7, whereas the carotenoid amount did not change significantly. Furthermore, we observed a highly localized component in A. limacinum cells. This component was found to be mixed crystals of guanine and other purine derivatives. The present study demonstrates the potential of the linear-nonlinear Raman hybrid approach that allows for accurate molecular identification and fast imaging in a label-free manner to link information derived from single cells with strategies for mass culture of useful thraustochytrids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Risa Sasaki
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 1 Gakuen Uegahara, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1330, Japan
| | - Shogo Toda
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 1 Gakuen Uegahara, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1330, Japan
| | - Takaiku Sakamoto
- Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University, 2-1 Minamijosanjima-cho, Tokushima 770-8513, Japan
| | - Eiji Sakuradani
- Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University, 2-1 Minamijosanjima-cho, Tokushima 770-8513, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Shigeto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 1 Gakuen Uegahara, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1330, Japan
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8
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Wagner A, Upcher A, Maria R, Magnesen T, Zelinger E, Raposo G, Palmer BA. Macromolecular sheets direct the morphology and orientation of plate-like biogenic guanine crystals. Nat Commun 2023; 14:589. [PMID: 36737617 PMCID: PMC9898273 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-35894-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Animals precisely control the morphology and assembly of guanine crystals to produce diverse optical phenomena in coloration and vision. However, little is known about how organisms regulate crystallization to produce optically useful morphologies which express highly reflective crystal faces. Guanine crystals form inside iridosome vesicles within chromatophore cells called iridophores. By following iridosome formation in developing scallop eyes, we show that pre-assembled, fibrillar sheets provide an interface for nucleation and direct the orientation of the guanine crystals. The macromolecular sheets cap the (100) faces of immature guanine crystals, inhibiting growth along the π-stacking growth direction. Crystal growth then occurs preferentially along the sheets to generate highly reflective plates. Despite their different physical properties, the morphogenesis of iridosomes bears a striking resemblance to melanosome morphogenesis in vertebrates, where amyloid sheets template melanin deposition. The common control mechanisms for melanin and guanine formation inspire new approaches for manipulating the morphologies and properties of molecular materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avital Wagner
- Department of Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheba, 8410501, Israel
| | - Alexander Upcher
- Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science & Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheba, 8410501, Israel
| | - Raquel Maria
- Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science & Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheba, 8410501, Israel
| | - Thorolf Magnesen
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Postbox 7803, Bergen, N-5020, Norway
| | - Einat Zelinger
- The CSI Center for Scientific Imaging, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, POB 12, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Graça Raposo
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR144, Structure and Membrane Compartments, 75005, Paris, France.,Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR144, Cell and Tissue Imaging Facility (PICT-IBiSA), 75005, Paris, France
| | - Benjamin A Palmer
- Department of Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheba, 8410501, Israel.
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9
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Tautomerism unveils a self-inhibition mechanism of crystallization. Nat Commun 2023; 14:561. [PMID: 36732334 PMCID: PMC9893984 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-35924-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Modifiers are commonly used in natural, biological, and synthetic crystallization to tailor the growth of diverse materials. Here, we identify tautomers as a new class of modifiers where the dynamic interconversion between solute and its corresponding tautomer(s) produces native crystal growth inhibitors. The macroscopic and microscopic effects imposed by inhibitor-crystal interactions reveal dual mechanisms of inhibition where tautomer occlusion within crystals that leads to natural bending, tunes elastic modulus, and selectively alters the rate of crystal dissolution. Our study focuses on ammonium urate crystallization and shows that the keto-enol form of urate, which exists as a minor tautomer, is a potent inhibitor that nearly suppresses crystal growth at select solution alkalinity and supersaturation. The generalizability of this phenomenon is demonstrated for two additional tautomers with relevance to biological systems and pharmaceuticals. These findings offer potential routes in crystal engineering to strategically control the mechanical or physicochemical properties of tautomeric materials.
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10
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Biology of Two-Spotted Spider Mite ( Tetranychus urticae): Ultrastructure, Photosynthesis, Guanine Transcriptomics, Carotenoids and Chlorophylls Metabolism, and Decoyinine as a Potential Acaricide. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021715. [PMID: 36675229 PMCID: PMC9864819 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Two-Spotted Spider Mites (TSSMs, Tetranychus urticae Koch 1836 (Acari: Tetranychidae)) is one of the most important pests in many crop plants, and their feeding activity is based on sucking leaf cell contents. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the interaction between TSSMs and their host Lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus) by analyzing the metabolomics of leaf pigments and the transcriptomics of TSSM guanine production. We also used epifluorescence, confocal laser scanning, and transmission electron microscopies to study the morphology and structure of TSSMs and their excreta. Finally, we evaluated the potential photosynthetic ability of TSSMs and the activity and content of Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate Carboxylase/Oxigenase (RubisCO). We found that TSSMs express several genes involved in guanine production, including Guanosine Monophosphate Synthetase (GMPS) and decoyinine (DCY), a potential inhibitor of GMPS, was found to reduce TSSMs proliferation in infested Lima bean leaves. Despite the presence of intact chloroplasts and chlorophyll in TSSMs, we demonstrate that TSSMs do not retain any photosynthetic activity. Our results show for the first time the transcriptomics of guanine production in TSSMs and provide new insight into the catabolic activity of TSSMs on leaf chlorophyll and carotenoids. Finally, we preliminary demonstrate that DCY has an acaricidal potential against TSSMs.
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11
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Eyal Z, Deis R, Varsano N, Dezorella N, Rechav K, Houben L, Gur D. Plate-like Guanine Biocrystals Form via Templated Nucleation of Crystal Leaflets on Preassembled Scaffolds. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:22440-22445. [PMID: 36469805 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c11136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Controlling the morphology of crystalline materials is challenging, as crystals have a strong tendency toward thermodynamically stable structures. Yet, organisms form crystals with distinct morphologies, such as the plate-like guanine crystals produced by many terrestrial and aquatic species for light manipulation. Regulation of crystal morphogenesis was hypothesized to entail physical growth restriction by the surrounding membrane, combined with fine-tuned interactions between organic molecules and the growing crystal. Using cryo-electron tomography of developing zebrafish larvae, we found that guanine crystals form via templated nucleation of thin leaflets on preassembled scaffolds made of 20-nm-thick amyloid fibers. These leaflets then merge and coalesce into a single plate-like crystal. Our findings shed light on the biological regulation of crystal morphogenesis, which determines their optical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohar Eyal
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Rachael Deis
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Neta Varsano
- Department of Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Nili Dezorella
- Department of Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Katya Rechav
- Department of Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Lothar Houben
- Department of Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Dvir Gur
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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12
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Wagner A, Ezersky V, Maria R, Upcher A, Lemcoff T, Aflalo ED, Lubin Y, Palmer BA. The Non-Classical Crystallization Mechanism of a Composite Biogenic Guanine Crystal. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2202242. [PMID: 35608485 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202202242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Spectacular colors and visual phenomena in animals are produced by light interference from highly reflective guanine crystals. Little is known about how organisms regulate crystal morphology to tune the optics of these systems. By following guanine crystal formation in developing spiders, a crystallization mechanism is elucidated. Guanine crystallization is a "non-classical," multistep process involving a progressive ordering of states. Crystallization begins with nucleation of partially ordered nanogranules from a disordered precursor phase. Growth proceeds by orientated attachment of the nanogranules into platelets which coalesce into single crystals, via progressive relaxation of structural defects. Despite their prismatic morphology, the platelet texture is retained in the final crystals, which are composites of crystal lamellae and interlamellar sheets. Interactions between the macromolecular sheets and the planar face of guanine appear to direct nucleation, favoring platelet formation. These findings provide insights on how organisms control the morphology and optical properties of molecular crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avital Wagner
- Department of Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheba, 8410501, Israel
| | - Vladimir Ezersky
- Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science & Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheba, 8410501, Israel
| | - Raquel Maria
- Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science & Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheba, 8410501, Israel
| | - Alexander Upcher
- Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science & Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheba, 8410501, Israel
| | - Tali Lemcoff
- Department of Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheba, 8410501, Israel
| | - Eliahu D Aflalo
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 8410501, Israel
- Department of Life Sciences, Achva Academic College, Mobile Post Shikmim, Beer-Sheba, 79800, Israel
| | - Yael Lubin
- Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Southern Israel, 8499000, Israel
| | - Benjamin A Palmer
- Department of Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheba, 8410501, Israel
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Xue R, Liang C, Li Y, Chen X, Li F, Ren S, Chen F. Solid-state separation of hypoxanthine tautomers through a doping strategy. CrystEngComm 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2ce00146b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The solid-state separation of hypoxanthine tautomers was realized by a doping strategy. The doping forms of hypoxanthine in HAmG, AG β and AG α are N7-hypoxanthine, and in GM and dehydrated-GM are N9-hypoxanthine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongrong Xue
- School of Resources and Chemical Engineering, Sanming University, Sanming 365004, Fujian, China
| | - Chengfeng Liang
- School of Resources and Chemical Engineering, Sanming University, Sanming 365004, Fujian, China
| | - Yanping Li
- School of Resources and Chemical Engineering, Sanming University, Sanming 365004, Fujian, China
| | - Xiuzhi Chen
- School of Resources and Chemical Engineering, Sanming University, Sanming 365004, Fujian, China
| | - Fuying Li
- School of Resources and Chemical Engineering, Sanming University, Sanming 365004, Fujian, China
| | - Shizhao Ren
- School of Resources and Chemical Engineering, Sanming University, Sanming 365004, Fujian, China
| | - Fenghua Chen
- School of Resources and Chemical Engineering, Sanming University, Sanming 365004, Fujian, China
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14
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Chen F, Ma Y, Qi L. Synthesis of Porous Microplatelets of α Form Anhydrous Guanine in DMSO/Water Mixed Solvents REMINDER: CrystEngComm - Invitation to submit an article. CrystEngComm 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1ce01709h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Guanine crystals have been utilized as optical systems such as tunable structural colors, diffusive light scatters, broad-band and narrow-band reflectors, imaging mirrors, and polarization sensitive reflectors in many organisms. It...
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