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Li T, Yang ZC, Wang ZQ, Peng ZZ, Mao GJ, Jiang YQ, Li CY. A Tumor-Targeting Dual-Modal imaging probe for nitroreductase in vivo. Bioorg Chem 2024; 149:107531. [PMID: 38850779 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
Nitroreductase (NTR) overexpression often occurs in tumors, highlighting the significance of effective NTR detection. Despite the utilization of various optical methods for this purpose, the absence of an efficient tumor-targeting optical probe for NTR detection remains a challenge. In this research, a novel tumor-targeting probe (Cy-Bio-NO2) is developed to perform dual-modal NTR detection using near-infrared fluorescence and photoacoustic techniques. This probe exhibits exceptional sensitivity and selectivity to NTR. Upon the reaction with NTR, Cy-Bio-NO2 demonstrates a distinct fluorescence "off-on" response at 800 nm, with an impressive detection limit of 12 ng/mL. Furthermore, the probe shows on-off photoacoustic signal with NTR. Cy-Bio-NO2 has been successfully employed for dual-modal NTR detection in living cells, specifically targeting biotin receptor-positive cancer cells for imaging purposes. Notably, this probe effectively detects tumor hypoxia through dual-modal imaging in tumor-bearing mice. The strategy of biotin incorporation markedly enhances the probe's tumor-targeting capability, facilitating its engagement in dual-modal imaging at tumor sites. This imaging capacity holds substantial promise as an accurate tool for cancer diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Li
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, Hunan Provincial University Key Laboratory for Environmental and Ecological Health, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, PR China
| | - Zhi-Chao Yang
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, Hunan Provincial University Key Laboratory for Environmental and Ecological Health, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, PR China
| | - Zhi-Qing Wang
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, Hunan Provincial University Key Laboratory for Environmental and Ecological Health, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, PR China
| | - Zhen-Zhen Peng
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, Hunan Provincial University Key Laboratory for Environmental and Ecological Health, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, PR China
| | - Guo-Jiang Mao
- Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecule and Drug Innovation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, PR China
| | - Yu-Qin Jiang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecule and Drug Innovation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, PR China.
| | - Chun-Yan Li
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, Hunan Provincial University Key Laboratory for Environmental and Ecological Health, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, PR China.
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2
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Li J, Xue N, Gao S, Yang Y, Weng Z, Ju H, Wang Z, Li X, Jiang W. Dithio-Fused Boron Dipyrromethenes: Synthesis and Impact of S-Heteroaromatic Annulation Mode. Org Lett 2024. [PMID: 38913068 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Three dithio-fused boron dipyrromethenes (BODIPYs), DTFB-1, DTFB-2, and DTFB-3, in which symmetrically S-heteroaromatic ring units fused at [a], zigzag, and [b] bonds of the parent BODIPY core, respectively, were prepared from the facile and efficient post-functionalization of tetra-halogenated BODIPYs through Pd-catalyzed cyclization. Dithio-fusion at various positions of BODIPY effectively tunes their photophysical properties and single-crystal structural packing arrangements. The single-crystalline microribbons of DTFB-2 exhibit commendable hole mobilities in air, reaching up to 0.03 cm2 V-1 s-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Kunming University, Kunming, Yunnan 650214, People's Republic of China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Metal-Organic Molecular Materials and Device, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Kunming University, Kunming, Yunnan 650214, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Xue
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Shulin Gao
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Metal-Organic Molecular Materials and Device, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Kunming University, Kunming, Yunnan 650214, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanhua Yang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Metal-Organic Molecular Materials and Device, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Kunming University, Kunming, Yunnan 650214, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhehui Weng
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Metal-Organic Molecular Materials and Device, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Kunming University, Kunming, Yunnan 650214, People's Republic of China
| | - Haidong Ju
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Metal-Organic Molecular Materials and Device, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Kunming University, Kunming, Yunnan 650214, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaohui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangguang Li
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Metal-Organic Molecular Materials and Device, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Kunming University, Kunming, Yunnan 650214, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
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3
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Yuan X, Xie Z, Zou T. Recent advances in hypoxia-activated compounds for cancer diagnosis and treatment. Bioorg Chem 2024; 144:107161. [PMID: 38306826 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
Hypoxia, as a prevalent feature of solid tumors, is correlated with tumorigenesis, proliferation, and invasion, playing an important role in mediating the drug resistance and affecting the cancer treatment outcomes. Due to the distinct oxygen levels between tumor and normal tissues, hypoxia-targeted therapy has attracted significant attention. The hypoxia-activated compounds mainly depend on reducible organic groups including azo, nitro, N-oxides, quinones and azide as well as some redox-active metal complex that are selectively converted into active species by the increased reduction potential under tumor hypoxia. In this review, we briefly summarized our current understanding on hypoxia-activated compounds with a particular highlight on the recently developed prodrugs and fluorescent probes for tumor treatment and diagnosis. We have also discussed the challenges and perspectives of small molecule-based hypoxia-activatable prodrug for future development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Yuan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhiying Xie
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Taotao Zou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
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4
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Michel L, Auvray M, Askenatzis L, Badet-Denisot MA, Bignon J, Durand P, Mahuteau-Betzer F, Chevalier A. Visualization of an Endogenous Mitochondrial Azoreductase Activity under Normoxic Conditions Using a Naphthalimide Azo-Based Fluorogenic Probe. Anal Chem 2024; 96:1774-1780. [PMID: 38230524 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c05030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
In this paper, we demonstrate the existence of an endogenous mitochondrial azoreductase (AzoR) activity that can induce the cleavage of N═N double bonds of azobenzene compounds under normoxic conditions. To this end, 100% OFF-ON azo-based fluorogenic probes derived from 4-amino-1,8-naphthalimide fluorophores were synthesized and evaluated. The in vitro study conducted with other endogenous reducing agents of the cell, including reductases, demonstrated both the efficacy and the selectivity of the probe for AzoR. Confocal experiments with the probe revealed an AzoR activity in the mitochondria of living cells under normal oxygenation conditions, and we were able to demonstrate that this endogenous AzoR activity appears to be expressed at different levels across different cell lines. This discovery provides crucial information for our understanding of the biochemical processes occurring within the mitochondria. It thus contributes to a better understanding of its function, which is implicated in numerous pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurane Michel
- CNRS, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, Université Paris-Saclay, UPR 2301, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Marie Auvray
- CNRS UMR 9187, Inserm U1196 Chemistry and Modeling for the Biology of Cancer Institut Curie,Université PSL, 91400 Orsay, France
- CNRS UMR 9187, Inserm U1196 Chemistry and Modeling for the Biology of Cancer, Université Paris-Saclay, 91400 Orsay, France
| | - Laurie Askenatzis
- CNRS, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, Université Paris-Saclay, UPR 2301, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Marie-Ange Badet-Denisot
- CNRS, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, Université Paris-Saclay, UPR 2301, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Jérôme Bignon
- CNRS, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, Université Paris-Saclay, UPR 2301, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Philippe Durand
- CNRS, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, Université Paris-Saclay, UPR 2301, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Florence Mahuteau-Betzer
- CNRS UMR 9187, Inserm U1196 Chemistry and Modeling for the Biology of Cancer Institut Curie,Université PSL, 91400 Orsay, France
- CNRS UMR 9187, Inserm U1196 Chemistry and Modeling for the Biology of Cancer, Université Paris-Saclay, 91400 Orsay, France
| | - Arnaud Chevalier
- CNRS, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, Université Paris-Saclay, UPR 2301, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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5
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Zhao Z, Li J, Yuan W, Cheng D, Ma S, Li YF, Shi ZJ, Hu K. Nature-Inspired Photocatalytic Azo Bond Cleavage with Red Light. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:1364-1373. [PMID: 38082478 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c09837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
The emerging field of photoredox catalysis in mammalian cells enables spatiotemporal regulation of a wealth of biological processes. However, the selective cleavage of stable covalent bonds driven by low-energy visible light remains a great challenge. Herein, we report that red light excitation of a commercially available dye, abbreviated NMB+, leads to catalytic cleavage of stable azo bonds in both aqueous solutions and hypoxic cells and hence a means to photodeliver drugs or functional molecules. Detailed mechanistic studies reveal that azo bond cleavage is triggered by a previously unknown consecutive two-photon process. The first photon generates a triplet excited state, 3NMB+*, that is reductively quenched by an electron donor to generate a protonated NMBH•+. The NMBH•+ undergoes a disproportionation reaction that yields the initial NMB+ and two-electron-reduced NMBH (i.e., leuco-NMB, abbreviated as LNMB). Interestingly, LNMB forms a charge transfer complex with all four azo substrates that possess an intense absorption band in the red region. A second red photon induces electron transfer from LNMB to the azo substrate, resulting in azo bond cleavage. The charge transfer complex mediated two-photon catalytic mechanism reported herein is reminiscent of the flavin-dependent natural photoenzyme that catalyzes bond cleavage reactions with high-energy photons. The red-light-driven photocatalytic strategy offers a new approach to bioorthogonal azo bond cleavage for photodelivery of drugs or functional molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijian Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Jili Li
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Yuan
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Intelligent Optoelectronics and Perception, Institute of Optoelectronics, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Optoelectronics, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, People's Republic of China
| | - Dajiao Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Suze Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Ye-Fei Li
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhang-Jie Shi
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Hu
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
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6
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Zhang Q, Tang X, Wang Y, Song A, Yang X, Yin D, Zhang Z. A novel colorimetric fluorescent probe for sensing bisulfite detection in plant and zebrafish. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 305:123559. [PMID: 37866263 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.123559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Sulfur dioxide (SO2) and its derivatives (SO32- and HSO3-), are important active sulfur species that play significant roles in physiological processes. Fluorescence probe imaging technology, due to its high temporal and spatial resolution, real-time non-invasive and non-destructive detection, has emerged as a valuable tool for studying SO2 in biological systems. In this study, we presented a colorimetric fluorescent probe for the detection of HSO3-. The structure of probe TPN-BP consists of a triphenylamine group and a benzopyrylium group that are connected by a vinyl double bond. The benzopyrylium group in probe TPN-BP, which carries a positive charge, serves two important functions: enhancing water solubility, allowing for its effective use in fully aqueous environments, and acting as a fluorescence quencher for the triphenylamine group. Upon interaction with HSO3-, probe TPN-BP exhibited significantly increase in fluorescence at 480 nm, causing the solution to change from blue to colorless. Spectral experiments showed that probe TPN-BP showed quick response time (10 s), high sensitivity (12.7 nM), and excellent selectivity towards HSO3-. It is worth noting that probe TPN-BP has been successfully used for fluorescence imaging and detection of HSO3- in plants and zebrafish. The results of this study indicated that probe TPN-BP can be used as a promising tool for the research and monitoring of SO2 in living organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Zhang
- College of Environment Economic, Henan Finance University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Xiaohong Tang
- College of Environment Economic, Henan Finance University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Yanjin Wang
- College of Environment Economic, Henan Finance University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Ajuan Song
- College of Environment Economic, Henan Finance University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Xiaopeng Yang
- College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China.
| | - Dan Yin
- School of Ecology and Environment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Zezhi Zhang
- College of Environment Economic, Henan Finance University, Zhengzhou 450046, China.
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7
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Wang D, Wang L, Guo X, Zhang X, Ma J, Kang Z, Li ZY, Jiao L, Hao E. Visible-Light-Induced Direct Photoamination of BODIPY Dyes with Aqueous Ammonia. Org Lett 2023; 25:7650-7655. [PMID: 37830791 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c02962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
By taking advantage of their strong absorption ability, visible-light-induced direct photoamination of BODIPY dyes with aqueous ammonia was developed to give structurally diverse α-amino BODIPYs. The excited state of BODIPYs possessed higher electron affinity than the ground state and thus showed largely enhanced reactivity toward weak nucleophile of ammonia. Those α-amino BODIPYs are valuable synthetic intermediates and have been successfully demonstrated in several post-transformation reactions. The work indicates that photoreaction is an excellent alternative to conventional functionalization of this popular fluorophore.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education; Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials; School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, China
- School of Science, Anhui Agriculture University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Long Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education; Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials; School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, China
| | - Xing Guo
- The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education; Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials; School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, China
| | - Xiankang Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education; Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials; School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, China
| | - Juan Ma
- The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education; Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials; School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, China
| | - Zhengxin Kang
- The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education; Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials; School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, China
| | - Zhong-Yuan Li
- The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education; Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials; School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, China
| | - Lijuan Jiao
- The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education; Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials; School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, China
| | - Erhong Hao
- The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education; Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials; School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, China
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8
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Josephy PD, Allen-Vercoe E. Reductive metabolism of azo dyes and drugs: Toxicological implications. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 178:113932. [PMID: 37451600 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.113932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Azo compounds are widely distributed synthetic chemicals in the modern world. Their most important applications are as dyes, but, in addition, several azo compounds are used as pharmaceuticals. Ingested azo compounds can be reduced by the action of bacteria in the gut, where the oxygen tension is low, and the development of microbiome science has allowed more precise delineation of the roles of specific bacteria in these processes. Reduction of the azo bond of an azo compound generates two distinct classes of aromatic amine metabolites: the starting material that was used in the synthesis of the azo compound and a product which is formed de novo by metabolism. Reductive metabolism of azo compounds can have toxic consequences, because many aromatic amines are toxic/genotoxic. In this review, we discuss aspects of the development and application of azo compounds in industry and medicine. Current understanding of the toxicology of azo compounds and their metabolites is illustrated with four specific examples - Disperse Dyes used for dyeing textiles; the drugs phenazopyridine and eltrombopag; and the ubiquitous food dye, tartrazine - and knowledge gaps are identified. SUBMISSION TO: FCT VSI: Toxicology of Dyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- P David Josephy
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Emma Allen-Vercoe
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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9
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Rühle J, Klemt I, Mokhir A. Triggering RNA Interference by Photoreduction under Red Light Irradiation. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28104204. [PMID: 37241945 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28104204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) using small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) is a powerful tool to target any protein of interest and is becoming more suitable for in vivo applications due to recent developments in RNA delivery systems. To exploit RNAi for cancer treatment, it is desirable to increase its selectivity, e.g., by a prodrug approach to activate the siRNAs upon external triggering, e.g., by using light. Red light is especially well suited for in vivo applications due to its low toxicity and higher tissue penetration. Known molecular (not nanoparticle-based) red-light-activatable siRNA prodrugs rely on singlet oxygen (1O2)-mediated chemistry. 1O2 is highly cytotoxic. Additionally, one of the side products in the activation of the known siRNA prodrugs is anthraquinone, which is also toxic. We herein report on an improved redlight-activatable siRNA prodrug, which does not require 1O2 for its activation. In fact, the 5' terminus of the antisense strand is protected with an electron-rich azobenzene promoiety. It is reduced and cleaved upon red light exposure in the presence of Sn(IV)(pyropheophorbide a)dichloride acting as a catalyst and ascorbate as a bulk reducing agent. We confirmed the prodrug activation upon red light irradiation both in cell-free settings and in human ovarian cancer A2780 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Rühle
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Organic Chemistry II, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Nikolaus-Fiebiger Str. 10, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Insa Klemt
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Organic Chemistry II, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Nikolaus-Fiebiger Str. 10, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andriy Mokhir
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Organic Chemistry II, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Nikolaus-Fiebiger Str. 10, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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10
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Yang X, Zhang S, Lai M, Ji X, Ye Y, Tang J, Liu X, Zhao M. Fluorescent probes for lighting up ferroptotic cell death: A review. Talanta 2023; 260:124628. [PMID: 37149940 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.124628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a newly discovered form of regulated cellular demise, characterized by the accumulation of intracellular oxidative stress that is dependent on iron. Ferroptosis plays a crucial role not only in the development and treatment of tumors but also in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases and illnesses related to ischemia-reperfusion injury. This mode of cell death possesses distinctive properties that differentiate it from other forms of cell death, including unique morphological changes at both the cellular and subcellular levels, as well as molecular features that can be detected using specific methods. The use of fluorescent probes has become an invaluable means of detecting ferroptosis, owing to their high sensitivity, real-time in situ monitoring capabilities, and minimal damage to biological samples. This review comprehensively elucidates the physiological mechanisms underlying ferroptosis, while also detailing the development of fluorescent probes capable of detecting ferroptosis-related active species across various cellular compartments, including organelles, the nucleus, and the cell membrane. Additionally, the review explores how the dynamic changes and location of active species from different cellular compartments can influence the ignition and execution of ferroptotic cell death. Finally, we discuss the future challenges and opportunities for imaging ferroptosis. We believe that this review will not only aid in the elucidation of ferroptosis's physiological mechanisms but also facilitate the identification of novel treatment targets and means of accurately diagnosing and treating ferroptosis-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopeng Yang
- Flavors and Fragrance Engineering&Technology Research Center of Henan Province, College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Shiyi Zhang
- Flavors and Fragrance Engineering&Technology Research Center of Henan Province, College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Miao Lai
- Flavors and Fragrance Engineering&Technology Research Center of Henan Province, College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Xiaoming Ji
- Flavors and Fragrance Engineering&Technology Research Center of Henan Province, College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
| | - Yong Ye
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
| | - Jun Tang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Xinxiang University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Xinyuan Liu
- Sanmenxia City Company of Henan Provincial Tobacco Company, Sanmenxia, 472000, China
| | - Mingqin Zhao
- Flavors and Fragrance Engineering&Technology Research Center of Henan Province, College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
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11
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Cheng HB, Cao X, Zhang S, Zhang K, Cheng Y, Wang J, Zhao J, Zhou L, Liang XJ, Yoon J. BODIPY as a Multifunctional Theranostic Reagent in Biomedicine: Self-Assembly, Properties, and Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2207546. [PMID: 36398522 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202207546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The use of boron dipyrromethene (BODIPY) in biomedicine is reviewed. To open, its synthesis and regulatory strategies are summarized, and inspiring cutting-edge work in post-functionalization strategies is highlighted. A brief overview of assembly model of BODIPY is then provided: BODIPY is introduced as a promising building block for the formation of single- and multicomponent self-assembled systems, including nanostructures suitable for aqueous environments, thereby showing the great development potential of supramolecular assembly in biomedicine applications. The frontier progress of BODIPY in biomedical application is thereafter described, supported by examples of the frontiers of biomedical applications of BODIPY-containing smart materials: it mainly involves the application of materials based on BODIPY building blocks and their assemblies in fluorescence bioimaging, photoacoustic imaging, disease treatment including photodynamic therapy, photothermal therapy, and immunotherapy. Lastly, not only the current status of the BODIPY family in the biomedical field but also the challenges worth considering are summarized. At the same time, insights into the future development prospects of biomedically applicable BODIPY are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Bo Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 15 North Third Ring Road, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoqiao Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 15 North Third Ring Road, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Shuchun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 15 North Third Ring Road, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Keyue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 15 North Third Ring Road, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Yang Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 15 North Third Ring Road, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 15 North Third Ring Road, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Jing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 15 North Third Ring Road, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Liming Zhou
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Science, School of Material and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Xing-Jie Liang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, No. 11, First North Road, Zhongguancun, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, P. R. China
| | - Juyoung Yoon
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, South Korea
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12
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Chandran N, Janardhanan P, Bayal M, Pilankatta R, Nair SS. Development of PEGylated Cu nanoclusters: A nontoxic, multifunctional colloidal system for bioimaging and peroxide sensing. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2023; 1867:130372. [PMID: 37127204 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2023.130372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
This study introduces the development of blue-emitting colloidal Cu NCs through a novel and easy PEGylation method using different functional groups, including -SH and -COOH. The surface functionalization controls the size, cellular toxicity, and emission properties of Cu NCs. The combination of PEG, thiol, and carboxylic groups protects the particle surface from aggregation and oxidation. Among the samples, CAGP (Surface modified Cu NCs with -SH-COOH-PEG combination) emerges as an amazing candidate with the lowest toxicity and enhanced blue emission properties. The bright blue fluorescence emission from Hela cells after treatment with CAGP demonstrated this property. It also has excellent peroxide sensing potential, with a detection limit of 1.4 μM. Because of their excellent bioimaging and peroxide sensing properties, these Cu NCs could be a promising candidate for cellular oxidative stress sensing applications with high clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeli Chandran
- Department of Physics, Central University of Kerala, Periye, Kasaragod, Kerala 671316, India
| | - Prajit Janardhanan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Central University of Kerala, Periye, Kasaragod, Kerala 671316, India
| | - Manikanta Bayal
- Department of Physics, Central University of Kerala, Periye, Kasaragod, Kerala 671316, India
| | - Rajendra Pilankatta
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Central University of Kerala, Periye, Kasaragod, Kerala 671316, India.
| | - Swapna S Nair
- Department of Physics, Central University of Kerala, Periye, Kasaragod, Kerala 671316, India.
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13
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Zhao X, Sun C, Xiong F, Wang T, Li S, Huo F, Yao X. Polymerization-Induced Self-Assembly for Efficient Fabrication of Biomedical Nanoplatforms. RESEARCH (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2023; 6:0113. [PMID: 37223484 PMCID: PMC10202185 DOI: 10.34133/research.0113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Amphiphilic copolymers can self-assemble into nano-objects in aqueous solution. However, the self-assembly process is usually performed in a diluted solution (<1 wt%), which greatly limits scale-up production and further biomedical applications. With recent development of controlled polymerization techniques, polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA) has emerged as an efficient approach for facile fabrication of nano-sized structures with a high concentration as high as 50 wt%. In this review, after the introduction, various polymerization method-mediated PISAs that include nitroxide-mediated polymerization-mediated PISA (NMP-PISA), reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization-mediated PISA (RAFT-PISA), atom transfer radical polymerization-mediated PISA (ATRP-PISA), and ring-opening polymerization-mediated PISA (ROP-PISA) are discussed carefully. Afterward, recent biomedical applications of PISA are illustrated from the following aspects, i.e., bioimaging, disease treatment, biocatalysis, and antimicrobial. In the end, current achievements and future perspectives of PISA are given. It is envisioned that PISA strategy can bring great chance for future design and construction of functional nano-vehicles.
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14
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Gao J, Luan T, Lv J, Yang M, Li H, Yuan Z. An oxygen-carrying and lysosome-targeting BODIPY derivative for NIR bioimaging and enhanced multimodal therapy against hypoxic tumors. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2023; 241:112666. [PMID: 36842340 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2023.112666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Cancer treatment modalities have gradually shifted from monotherapies to multimodal therapies. It is still a challenge to develop a synergistic chemo-phototherapy system with relieving tumor hypoxia, specific targeting, and real-time fluorescence tracking. In this study, we designed a multifunctional BODIPY derivative, FBD-M, for synergistic chemo-phototherapy against hypoxic tumors. FBD-M was composed of four parts: 1) The BODIPY fluorophore selected as a theranostic core, 2) A pentafluorobenzene group modified on meso-BODIPY to carry oxygen, 3) A morpholine group hooked to one side of BODIPY served as a lysosome-targeting unit for enhancing antitumor effect, and 4) An aromatic nitrogen mustard group introduced on other side of BODIPY to achieve chemotherapy. After introducing the morpholine and aromatic nitrogen mustard in BODIPY, the conjugate system of BODIPY was also expanded to realize near-infrared (NIR) phototherapy. Finally, FBD-M was obtained by a rational design, which possessed with NIR absorbance and emission, photosensitive activity, oxygen-carrying capability for relieving tumor hypoxia, high photothermal conversion efficiency, good photostability, lysosome targeting, low toxicity, and synergistic chemo-phototherapy against hypoxic tumors. FBD-M had been successfully applied for anticancer in vitro and in vivo. Our study demonstrates that FBD-M can serve as an ideal multifunctional theranostic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Gao
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China; Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, PR China; School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, PR China; Guizhou International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base for Medical Photo-Theranostics Technology and Innovative Drug Development, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, PR China
| | - Tianjiao Luan
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China; Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, PR China; School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, PR China; Guizhou International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base for Medical Photo-Theranostics Technology and Innovative Drug Development, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, PR China
| | - Jiajia Lv
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China; Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, PR China; School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, PR China; Guizhou International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base for Medical Photo-Theranostics Technology and Innovative Drug Development, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, PR China
| | - Mingyan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China; Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, PR China; School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, PR China; Guizhou International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base for Medical Photo-Theranostics Technology and Innovative Drug Development, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, PR China
| | - Hongyu Li
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China; Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, PR China; School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, PR China; Guizhou International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base for Medical Photo-Theranostics Technology and Innovative Drug Development, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, PR China
| | - Zeli Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China; Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, PR China; School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, PR China; Guizhou International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base for Medical Photo-Theranostics Technology and Innovative Drug Development, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, PR China.
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15
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Gai L, Liu Y, Zhou Z, Lu H, Guo Z. BODIPY-based probes for hypoxic environments. Coord Chem Rev 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2023.215041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
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16
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Kohei M, Takizawa N, Tsutsumi R, Xu W, Kumagai N. Azo-tagged C4N4 fluorophores: unusual overcrowded structures and their application to fluorescent imaging. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:2889-2893. [PMID: 36744956 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob00049d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The C4N4 fluorophore is an intense fluorescence emitter featuring a 2,5-diaminopyrimidine core comprising four carbon and four nitrogen atoms. A series of C4N4 derivatives was photochemically dimerized at the 5-amino group, furnishing overcrowded ortho-tetraaryl-substituted diaryl azo compounds with a characteristic skewed structure revealed by X-ray crystallography. The photoquenched azo-C4N4s are useful for fluorescently visualizing cells under hypoxic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miki Kohei
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan.
| | - Naoki Takizawa
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry, 3-14-23 Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 141-0021, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Tsutsumi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan.
| | - Wei Xu
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan.
| | - Naoya Kumagai
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan. .,Institute of Microbial Chemistry, 3-14-23 Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 141-0021, Japan
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17
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Wallabregue AD, Bolland H, Faulkner S, Hammond EM, Conway SJ. Two Color Imaging of Different Hypoxia Levels in Cancer Cells. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:2572-2583. [PMID: 36656915 PMCID: PMC9896549 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c12493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia (low oxygen levels) occurs in a range of biological contexts, including plants, bacterial biofilms, and solid tumors; it elicits responses from these biological systems that impact their survival. For example, conditions of low oxygen make treating tumors more difficult and have a negative impact on patient prognosis. Therefore, chemical probes that enable the study of biological hypoxia are valuable tools to increase the understanding of disease-related conditions that involve low oxygen levels, ultimately leading to improved diagnosis and treatment. While small-molecule hypoxia-sensing probes exist, the majority of these image only very severe hypoxia (<1% O2) and therefore do not give a full picture of heterogeneous biological hypoxia. Commonly used antibody-based imaging tools for hypoxia are less convenient than small molecules, as secondary detection steps involving immunostaining are required. Here, we report the synthesis, electrochemical properties, photophysical analysis, and biological validation of a range of indolequinone-based bioreductive fluorescent probes. We show that these compounds image different levels of hypoxia in 2D and 3D cell cultures. The resorufin-based probe 2 was activated in conditions of 4% O2 and lower, while the Me-Tokyo Green-based probe 4 was only activated in severe hypoxia─0.5% O2 and less. Simultaneous application of these compounds in spheroids revealed that compound 2 images similar levels of hypoxia to pimonidazole, while compound 4 images more extreme hypoxia in a manner analogous to EF5. Compounds 2 and 4 are therefore useful tools to study hypoxia in a cellular setting and represent convenient alternatives to antibody-based imaging approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine
L. D. Wallabregue
- Department
of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K.
| | - Hannah Bolland
- Oxford
Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford OX3 7DQ, U.K.
| | - Stephen Faulkner
- Department
of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K.
| | - Ester M. Hammond
- Oxford
Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford OX3 7DQ, U.K.,
| | - Stuart J. Conway
- Department
of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K.,
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18
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Hu C, Wen L, Yan J, Su P, Li F, Zheng K, Zhang N. Use of BOPYOs as a protection strategy for Pyrrole-based Chalcones: Removal of BF2, optical properties and AIE effect. J Mol Struct 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.134090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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19
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Gong Q, Zhang X, Li W, Guo X, Wu Q, Yu C, Jiao L, Xiao Y, Hao E. Long-Wavelength Photoconvertible Dimeric BODIPYs for Super-Resolution Single-Molecule Localization Imaging in Near-Infrared Emission. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:21992-21999. [PMID: 36414278 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c08947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Sulfoxide-bridged dimeric BODIPYs were developed as a new class of long-wavelength photoconvertible fluorophores. Upon visible-light irradiation, a sulfoxide moiety was released to generate the corresponding α,α-directly linked dimeric BODIPYs. The extrusion of SO from sulfoxides was mainly through an intramolecular fashion involving reactive triplet states. By this photoconversion, not only were more than 100 nm red shifts of absorption and emission maxima (up to 648/714 nm) achieved but also stable products with bright fluorescence were produced with high efficiency. The combination of photoactivation and red-shifted excitation/emission offered optimal contrast and eliminated the interference from biological autofluorescence. More importantly, the in situ products of these visible-light-induced reactions demonstrated ideal single-molecule fluorescence properties in the near-infrared region. Therefore, this new photoconversion could be a powerful photoactivation method achieving super-resolution single-molecule localization imaging in a living cell without using UV illumination and cell-toxic additives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingbao Gong
- The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Xinfu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Wanwan Li
- The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Xing Guo
- The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Qinghua Wu
- The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Changjiang Yu
- The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Lijuan Jiao
- The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Yi Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Erhong Hao
- The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
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