1
|
Zhong C, Zhang X, Gong Z, Xu H. Recent Advances in Electroluminescent Metallic Nanoclusters: From Materials to Devices. NANO LETTERS 2024. [PMID: 39052536 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c02472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Metallic nanoclusters (MNCs) were developed rapidly in recent decades, owing to their unique electronic structures and excited state characteristics, leading to their wide applications. Luminescence as one of the most important functions for MNCs has also been used to realize biodetection, displays, and lighting, through either electrochemiluminescence (ECL) or electroluminescence (EL). Both emissive properties and electrochemical activities of MNCs were utilized to enhance ECL and EL through facilitating exciton formation and radiation, rendering the rapid emerging of the latter in the last ten years. Through ligand modification, radiative excited-state components were increased to realize state-of-the-art photo- and electroluminescence efficiencies up to ∼100% and ∼30%, as well as ultralow biodetection limits. Nonetheless, material selection space and processing technologies are still limited. Herein, we overview and discuss recent advances of MNCs-based ECL and EL, through both aspects of materials/systems and devices, which would enlighten continuous innovations in optoelectronic MNCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunlei Zhong
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science & Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Heilongjiang University, 74 Xuefu Road, Harbin 150080, P. R. China
| | - Xiaojun Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science & Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Heilongjiang University, 74 Xuefu Road, Harbin 150080, P. R. China
| | - Zhuke Gong
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science & Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Heilongjiang University, 74 Xuefu Road, Harbin 150080, P. R. China
| | - Hui Xu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science & Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Heilongjiang University, 74 Xuefu Road, Harbin 150080, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Fang C, Xu C, Zhang W, Zhou M, Tan D, Qian L, Hu D, Jin S, Zhu M. Dual-quartet phosphorescent emission in the open-shell M 1Ag 13 (M = Pt, Pd) nanoclusters. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5962. [PMID: 39013901 PMCID: PMC11252300 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50289-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Dual emission (DE) in nanoclusters (NCs) is considerably significant in the research and application of ratiometric sensing, bioimaging, and novel optoelectronic devices. Exploring the DE mechanism in open-shell NCs with doublet or quartet emissions remains challenging because synthesizing open-shell NCs is difficult due to their inherent instability. Here, we synthesize two dual-emissive M1Ag13(PFBT)6(TPP)7 (M = Pt, Pd; PFBT = pentafluorobenzenethiol; TPP = triphenylphosphine) NCs with a 7-electron open-shell configuration to reveal the DE mechanism. Both NCs comprise a crown-like M1Ag11 kernel with Pt or Pd in the center surrounded by five PPh3 ligands and two Ag(SR)3(PPh3) motifs. The combined experimental and theoretical studies revealed the origin of DE in Pt1Ag13 and Pd1Ag13. Specifically, the high-energy visible emission and the low-energy near-infrared emission arise from two distinct quartet excited states: the core-shell charge transfer and core-based states, respectively. Moreover, PFBT ligands are found to play an important role in the existence of DE, as its low-lying π* levels result in energetically accessible core-shell transitions. This novel report on the dual-quartet phosphorescent emission in NCs with an open-shell electronic configuration advances insights into the origin of dual-emissive NCs and promotes their potential application in magnetoluminescence and novel optoelectronic devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cao Fang
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, China
- Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, China
| | - Chang Xu
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Meng Zhou
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Dong Tan
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, China
- Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, China
| | - Lixia Qian
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, China
| | - Daqiao Hu
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, China.
- Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, China.
| | - Shan Jin
- Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, China.
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, China.
| | - Manzhou Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, China.
- Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lin S, Ma Z, Ji X, Zhou Q, Chu W, Zhang J, Liu Y, Han Y, Lian L, Jia M, Chen X, Wu D, Li X, Zhang Y, Shan C, Shi Z. Efficient Large-Area (81 cm 2) Ternary Copper Halides Light-Emitting Diodes with External Quantum Efficiency Exceeding 13% via Host-Guest Strategy. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2313570. [PMID: 38693828 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202313570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Ternary copper (Cu) halides are promising candidates for replacing toxic lead halides in the field of perovskite light-emitting diodes (LEDs) toward practical applications. However, the electroluminescent performance of Cu halide-based LEDs remains a great challenge due to the presence of serious nonradiative recombination and inefficient charge transport in Cu halide emitters. Here, the rational design of host-guest [dppb]2Cu2I2 (dppb denotes 1,2-bis[diphenylphosphino]benzene) emitters and its utility in fabricating efficient Cu halide-based green LEDs that show a high external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 13.39% are reported. The host-guest [dppb]2Cu2I2 emitters with mCP (1,3-bis(N-carbazolyl)benzene) host demonstrate a significant improvement of carrier radiative recombination efficiency, with the photoluminescence quantum yield increased by nearly ten times, which is rooted in the efficient energy transfer and type-I energy level alignment between [dppb]2Cu2I2 and mCP. Moreover, the charge-transporting mCP host can raise the carrier mobility of [dppb]2Cu2I2 films, thereby enhancing the charge transport and recombination. More importantly, this strategy enables a large-area prototype LED with a record-breaking area up to 81 cm2, along with a decent EQE of 10.02% and uniform luminance. It is believed these results represent an encouraging stepping stone to bring Cu halide-based LEDs from the laboratory toward commercial lighting and display panels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuailing Lin
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics of Ministry of Education, School of Physics, Zhengzhou University, Daxue Road 75, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Zhuangzhuang Ma
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics of Ministry of Education, School of Physics, Zhengzhou University, Daxue Road 75, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Xinzhen Ji
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics of Ministry of Education, School of Physics, Zhengzhou University, Daxue Road 75, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Qicong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics of Ministry of Education, School of Physics, Zhengzhou University, Daxue Road 75, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Weihong Chu
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics of Ministry of Education, School of Physics, Zhengzhou University, Daxue Road 75, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Jibin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics of Ministry of Education, School of Physics, Zhengzhou University, Daxue Road 75, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics of Ministry of Education, School of Physics, Zhengzhou University, Daxue Road 75, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Yanbing Han
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics of Ministry of Education, School of Physics, Zhengzhou University, Daxue Road 75, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Linyuan Lian
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics of Ministry of Education, School of Physics, Zhengzhou University, Daxue Road 75, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Mochen Jia
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics of Ministry of Education, School of Physics, Zhengzhou University, Daxue Road 75, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Xu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics of Ministry of Education, School of Physics, Zhengzhou University, Daxue Road 75, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Di Wu
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics of Ministry of Education, School of Physics, Zhengzhou University, Daxue Road 75, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Xinjian Li
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics of Ministry of Education, School of Physics, Zhengzhou University, Daxue Road 75, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Qianjin Street 2699, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Chongxin Shan
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics of Ministry of Education, School of Physics, Zhengzhou University, Daxue Road 75, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Zhifeng Shi
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics of Ministry of Education, School of Physics, Zhengzhou University, Daxue Road 75, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sun J, Li N, Gong Z, Man Y, Zhong C, Duan C, Chen S, Zhang J, Han C, Xu H. Ligand-mediate exciton allocation enables efficient cluster-based white light-emitting diodes via single and heavy doping. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4997. [PMID: 38866737 PMCID: PMC11169358 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49394-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite potential in high-resolution and low-cost displays and lighting, multi-doping structures and low concentrations (<1%) limit repeatability and stability of single-emissive-layer white light-emitting devices. Herein, we report a singly doped white-emitting system of blue thermally activated delayed fluorescence host matrix (CzAcSF) doped by yellow Cu4I4 cluster ([tBCzDppy]2Cu4I4). CzAcSF:x% [tBCzDppy]2Cu4I4 films realize photo- and electro-luminescence colors from cool white to warm white at x = 20-40. The external quantum efficiency of 23.5% was achieved at x = 30, indicating the record-high efficiency among solution-processed analogs and the largest doping concentration among efficient white light-emitting devices. It shows that di(tert-butyl)carbazole moieties in [tBCzDppy]2Cu4I4 provide high-lying excited energy levels at~2.6 eV to mediate energy transfer from CzAcSF (2.9 eV) to coordinated Cu4I4 (2.2 eV). Our results demonstrate the antenna effect of ligands on optimizing charge and energy transfer in organic-cluster systems and superiority of white cluster light-emitting diodes in practical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianan Sun
- MOE Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Material Science, Heilongjiang University, 74 Xuefu Road, Harbin, 150080, China
| | - Naiyu Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Material Science, Heilongjiang University, 74 Xuefu Road, Harbin, 150080, China
| | - Zhuke Gong
- MOE Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Material Science, Heilongjiang University, 74 Xuefu Road, Harbin, 150080, China
| | - Yi Man
- MOE Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Material Science, Heilongjiang University, 74 Xuefu Road, Harbin, 150080, China
| | - Chunlei Zhong
- MOE Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Material Science, Heilongjiang University, 74 Xuefu Road, Harbin, 150080, China
| | - Chunbo Duan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Material Science, Heilongjiang University, 74 Xuefu Road, Harbin, 150080, China
| | - Shuo Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Material Science, Heilongjiang University, 74 Xuefu Road, Harbin, 150080, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Material Science, Heilongjiang University, 74 Xuefu Road, Harbin, 150080, China
| | - Chunmiao Han
- MOE Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Material Science, Heilongjiang University, 74 Xuefu Road, Harbin, 150080, China
| | - Hui Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Material Science, Heilongjiang University, 74 Xuefu Road, Harbin, 150080, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wang B, Fu Y, Shen Y, Wang P, Chen Y, Feng F, Xu Z, Huang W, Wu D. Suppressing the Thermal Quenching Effect via a Cluster Conformer in Copper(I)-Iodide Coordination Polymeric Phosphors for High-Power White LED Lighting. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:8070-8078. [PMID: 38656984 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c00069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
High-power LED lighting is a crucial challenge due to the notorious thermal quenching (TQ) effect of traditional phosphors at high operating currents, which would result in poor device performance and hamper practical optoelectronic application. Herein, we demonstrate ligand engineering of a cubane- versus staircase-like [Cu4I4] conformer as a node in coordination polymers, which remarkably suppresses the TQ effect of cluster-based photoluminescence. For complex 1 (the formula [Cu4I4(bbimb)2]n) with the cubane-like [Cu4I4] conformer as a node, the metallophilicity interaction enables ultrabright triplet emission with a photoluminescence quantum yield over 82%, and the phonon-assisted detrapping process of excitons effectively suppresses the TQ effect in the wide temperature range. In contrast, the staircase-like [Cu4I4] conformer as a node in complex 2 (the formula [Cu4I4(bbtmb)2]n) exhibits a serious TQ effect over the investigated temperature. Phosphor-converted white LEDs (pc-wLEDs) were fabricated by integrating the cluster-based coordination polymers as a color converter, and their electroluminescence performances were investigated under high bias currents. The prototype pc-wLED device by incorporating the phosphor with the suppressed TQ effect exhibits a continuous rise in brightness under a high bias current of 300 mA. The results demonstrate that ligand engineering of the cluster conformer via suppressing the TQ effect proves efficient in designing an ideal color converter for high-power pc-wLED lighting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Advanced Catalysis & Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, P. R. China
| | - Yuzhe Fu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Advanced Catalysis & Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, P. R. China
| | - Yi Shen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Advanced Catalysis & Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, P. R. China
| | - Pingping Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Advanced Catalysis & Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, P. R. China
| | - Yang Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Advanced Catalysis & Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, P. R. China
| | - Fan Feng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Advanced Catalysis & Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, P. R. China
| | - Zhong Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Advanced Catalysis & Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, P. R. China
| | - Wei Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Advanced Catalysis & Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, P. R. China
| | - Dayu Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Advanced Catalysis & Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhang X, Song JX, Chang X, Li K, Chen Y. Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescent Binuclear Copper(I) Alkynyl Complexes with Cuprophilic Interactions. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202304224. [PMID: 38414117 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202304224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Copper(I)-based thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters have been conceived to be promising candidates for display and lighting applications because of their multifarious structures and strong photoluminescence. Herein a string of binuclear Cu(I) complexes bearing pronounced cuprophilic interactions have been designed and synthesized. [Cu2(dppb)2(μ2-η1-C≡C-Ph)2] (1 a) and [Cu2(dppb)2(μ2-η1-C≡C-PPXZ)2] (1 b) display photoluminescence quantum yields of up to 67 % in doped films and solid states via TADF and exhibit reversible bicolor luminescence switching upon mechanical stimuli. Computational studies manifest that the metal-to-ligand charge transfer predominant transitions ensure a small energy splitting (ΔEST) between the lowest singlet (S1) and triplet (T1) excited states and cuprophilic interactions promote the spin-orbit coupling (SOC), favoring the reverse intersystem crossing (RISC) process. This study provides a new strategy for the construction of stimuli-responsive metal-based TADF materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials & CAS-HKU Joint Laboratory on New Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P.R. China
| | - Jia-Xi Song
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials & CAS-HKU Joint Laboratory on New Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyong Chang
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, P.R. China
| | - Kai Li
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, P.R. China
| | - Yong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials & CAS-HKU Joint Laboratory on New Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhang C, Si WD, Wang Z, Dinesh A, Gao ZY, Tung CH, Sun D. Solvent-Mediated Hetero/Homo-Phase Crystallization of Copper Nanoclusters and Superatomic Kernel-Related NIR Phosphorescence. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:10767-10775. [PMID: 38591723 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c00881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Atomically precise superatomic copper nanoclusters (Cu NCs) have been the subject of immense interest for their intriguing structures and diverse properties; nonetheless, the variable oxidation state of copper ions and complex solvation effects in wet synthesis systems pose significant challenges for comprehending their synthesis and crystallization mechanism. Herein, we present a solvent-mediated approach for the synthesis of two Cu NCs, namely, superatomic Cu26 and pure-Cu(I) Cu16. They initially formed as a hetero-phase and then separated as a homo-phase via modulating binary solvent composition. In situ UV/vis absorption and electrospray ionization mass spectra revealed that the solvent-mediated assembly was determined to be the underlying mechanism of hetero/homo-phase crystallization. Cu26 is a 2-electron superatom with a kernel-shell structure that includes a [Cu20Se12]4- shell and [Cu6]4+ kernel, containing two 1S jellium electrons. Conversely, Cu16 is a pure-Cu(I) Cu/Se nanocluster that features a [Cu16Se6]4+ core protected by extra dimercaptomaleonitrile ligands. Remarkably, Cu26 exhibits unique near-infrared phosphorescence (NIR PH) at 933 nm due to the presence of a superatomic kernel-related charge transfer state (3MM(Cu)CT). Overall, this work not only showcases the hetero/homo-phase crystallization of Cu NCs driven by a solvent-mediated assembly mechanism but also enables the rare occurrence of NIR PH within the 2-electron copper superatom family.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chengkai Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Ji'nan 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Dan Si
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Ji'nan 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Ji'nan 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Acharya Dinesh
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Ji'nan 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Yong Gao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen-Ho Tung
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Ji'nan 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Di Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Ji'nan 250100, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhang D, Zhu M, He Y, Cao Q, Gao Y, Li H, Lu G, Cui Q, Shen Y, He H, Dai X, Ye Z. Efficient and bright broadband electroluminescence based on environment-friendly metal halide nanoclusters. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2024; 13:82. [PMID: 38584197 PMCID: PMC10999448 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-024-01427-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Broadband electroluminescence based on environment-friendly emitters is promising for healthy lighting yet remains an unprecedented challenge to progress. The copper halide-based emitters are competitive candidates for broadband emission, but their high-performance electroluminescence shows inadequate broad emission bandwidth of less than 90 nm. Here, we demonstrate efficient ultra-broadband electroluminescence from a copper halide (CuI) nanocluster single emitter prepared by a one-step solution synthesis-deposition process, through dedicated design of ligands and subtle selection of solvents. The CuI nanocluster exhibits high rigidity in the excitation state as well as dual-emissive modes of phosphorescence and temperature-activated delayed fluorescence, enabling the uniform cluster-composed film to show excellent stability and high photoluminescent efficiency. In consequence, ultra-broadband light-emitting diodes (LEDs) present nearly identical performance in an inert or air atmosphere without encapsulation and outstanding high-temperature operation performance, reaching an emission full width at half maximum (FWHM) of ~120 nm, a peak external quantum efficiency of 13%, a record maximum luminance of ~50,000 cd m-2, and an operating half-lifetime of 137 h at 100 cd m-2. The results highlight the potential of copper halide nanoclusters for next-generation healthy lighting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dingshuo Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, Zhejiang University, 310027, Hangzhou, China
| | - Meiyi Zhu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, Zhejiang University, 310027, Hangzhou, China
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Novel Optoelectronic and Nano Materials and Engineering Research Centre of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Wenzhou, Zhejiang University, 325006, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yifan He
- Wenzhou XINXINTAIJING Tech. Co. Ltd., 325006, Wenzhou, China
| | - Qingli Cao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, Zhejiang University, 310027, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yun Gao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, Zhejiang University, 310027, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongjin Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, Zhejiang University, 310027, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guochao Lu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, Zhejiang University, 310027, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiaopeng Cui
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, Zhejiang University, 310027, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yongmiao Shen
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, 310018, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haiping He
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, Zhejiang University, 310027, Hangzhou, China
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Novel Optoelectronic and Nano Materials and Engineering Research Centre of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Wenzhou, Zhejiang University, 325006, Wenzhou, China
- Wenzhou XINXINTAIJING Tech. Co. Ltd., 325006, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xingliang Dai
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, Zhejiang University, 310027, Hangzhou, China.
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Novel Optoelectronic and Nano Materials and Engineering Research Centre of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Wenzhou, Zhejiang University, 325006, Wenzhou, China.
- Wenzhou XINXINTAIJING Tech. Co. Ltd., 325006, Wenzhou, China.
| | - Zhizhen Ye
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, Zhejiang University, 310027, Hangzhou, China.
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Novel Optoelectronic and Nano Materials and Engineering Research Centre of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Wenzhou, Zhejiang University, 325006, Wenzhou, China.
- Wenzhou XINXINTAIJING Tech. Co. Ltd., 325006, Wenzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhang X, Xu H. Electroluminescent Clusters. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202317597. [PMID: 38078881 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202317597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Optoelectronic cluster materials emerge rapidly in recent years especially for light-emitting devices, owing to their 100 % exciton harvesting and unique organic-inorganic hybrid structures with tunable excited-state characteristics for thermally activated delayed fluorescence and/or phosphorescence and inheritable photo- and thermo-stability. However, for efficient electroluminescence, excited-state compositions of cluster emitters should be tuned through ligand engineering to enhance ligand-centered radiative components and reduce cluster-centered quenching states. Nonetheless, the balance of optoelectronic properties requires delicate and controllable ligand functionalization. On the other hand, in addition to balancing carrier fluxes, it showed that device engineering, especially host matrixes and interfacial optimization, can not only alleviate triplet quenching, but also modify processing and passivate defects. As consequence, the record external quantum efficiencies of cluster light-emitting diodes already reached ≈30 %. Herein, we overview recent progress of electroluminescent cluster materials and discuss their structure-property relationships, which would inspire the continuous efforts making cluster light-emitting diodes competent as the new generation of displays and lighting sources.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional, Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Materials, Heilongjiang University, 74 Xuefu Road, 150080, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Hui Xu
- Key Laboratory of Functional, Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Materials, Heilongjiang University, 74 Xuefu Road, 150080, Harbin, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wan MY, Wang ZY, Li QL, Wang FX, Liao J, Wang LJ, Tang YZ, Tan YH. Investigating the Structure-property Relationships of Two Cd-based Hybrid Multifunctional Compounds with High Tc, Bright Fluorescence and Wide Band-gap. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202303717. [PMID: 38072903 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Organic-inorganic hybrid multifunctional materials have shown significant application in lighting and sensor fields, owing to their prominent performance and diversity structures. Herein, we synthesized two multifunctional compounds: (propyl-quinuclidone)2 CdBr4 (1) and (F-butyl-quinuclidone)2 CdBr4 (2). By introducing light-emitting organic cation with flexible long chain, 1 and 2 exhibit excellent transition properties and bright blue-white fluorescence. Then, combine fluorescence lifetime and first-principal calculation, providing evidence for the electron transfer emission. Subsequently, investigated the impact of substituent carbon chain length (methyl to butyl), structural rigidity (C-C to C-F) and halide framework (Cl to I) on the fluorescence properties. Results indicate that Cd⋅⋅⋅Cd distance and structural rigidity play an important role in fluorescence. Overall, our research provides valuable insight and example for chemical modifications enhance compound performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Yang Wan
- Key Laboratory of Development and Application of Ionic Rare Earth Resource, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou, 341000, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Ying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Development and Application of Ionic Rare Earth Resource, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou, 341000, P. R. China
| | - Qing-Lian Li
- Key Laboratory of Development and Application of Ionic Rare Earth Resource, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou, 341000, P. R. China
| | - Fang Xin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Development and Application of Ionic Rare Earth Resource, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou, 341000, P. R. China
| | - Juan Liao
- Key Laboratory of Development and Application of Ionic Rare Earth Resource, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou, 341000, P. R. China
| | - Li-Juan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Development and Application of Ionic Rare Earth Resource, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou, 341000, P. R. China
| | - Yun-Zhi Tang
- Key Laboratory of Development and Application of Ionic Rare Earth Resource, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou, 341000, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Hui Tan
- Key Laboratory of Development and Application of Ionic Rare Earth Resource, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou, 341000, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ma XH, Si Y, Hu JH, Dong XY, Xie G, Pan F, Wei YL, Zang SQ, Zhao Y. High-Efficiency Pure Blue Circularly Polarized Phosphorescence from Chiral N-Heterocyclic-Carbene-Stabilized Copper(I) Clusters. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:25874-25886. [PMID: 37963217 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c10192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) materials have attracted considerable attention for their promising applications in encryption, chiral sensing, and three-dimensional (3D) displays. However, the preparation of high-efficiency, pure blue CPL materials remains challenging. In this study, we reported an enantiomeric pair of triangle copper(I) clusters (R/S-Cu3) rigidified by employing chiral N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands with two pyridine-functionalized wingtips. These chiral clusters emitted pure blue phosphorescence that overlapped with that of the commercial blue phosphor having Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage (CIE) chromaticity coordinates of (0.14, 0.10), and the films exhibited an unprecedented photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of ∼70.0%. Additionally, the solutions showed very bright circularly polarized phosphorescence (CPP) with a dissymmetry factor of ±2.1 × 10-3. The excellent solubility and photostability endowed these pure-blue-emitting chiral clusters with promising applications as pure blue CPP inks for 3D printing white objects, such as precise-atomic-enlarged models of metal clusters and a lovely white stereoscopic "rabbit". The intricate mechanism underlying blue phosphorescence in this small cluster and across various states is elucidated through a comprehensive approach that integrates thorough analysis of luminescence properties, controlled experiments, and theoretical calculations. For the first time, we propose that the dominant high-energy emission center is constituted by delocalized hybrid orbitals over multiple atomic centers, encompassing both the metal and the coordinated atoms. This challenges stereotypical assumptions that the cluster center solely supports low-energy emissions. This work expands the currently limited range of CPP functional materials and provides a new direction for CPP applications involving NHC-stabilized metal clusters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Hong Ma
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Yubing Si
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Jia-Hua Hu
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Xi-Yan Dong
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, P. R. China
| | - Guohua Xie
- The Institute of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies), Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China
| | - Fangfang Pan
- College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Yong-Li Wei
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Shuang-Quan Zang
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Yi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Utrera-Melero R, Cordier M, Massuyeau F, Mevellec JY, Rakhmatullin A, Martineau-Corcos C, Latouche C, Perruchas S. Cubane Dimerization: Cu 4 vs Cu 8 Copper Iodide Clusters. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:18157-18171. [PMID: 37871434 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c02634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Copper(I) halides are well-known for their structural diversity and rich photoluminescence properties, showing great potential for the development of solid-state lighting technology. A series of four molecular copper iodide clusters based on the [Cu4I4] cubane geometry is reported. Among them, [Cu8I8] octanuclear clusters of rare geometry resulting from dimerization of the tetranuclear counterparts were also synthesized. Two different phosphine ligands were studied, bearing either a styrene or an ethyl group. Therefore, the effect of the dimerization and of the ligand nature on the photophysical properties of the resulting clusters is investigated. The structural differences were analyzed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction (SCXRD), solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), infrared, and Raman analyses. Compared to the ethyl group, the styrene function appears to greatly impact the photophysical properties of the clusters. The luminescence thermochromic properties of the ethyl derivatives and the intriguing photophysical properties of the clusters with styrene function were rationalized by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Thus, the styrene group significantly lowers in energy the vacant orbitals and consequently affects the global energetic layout of the clusters. From this study, it was found that the nuclearity of copper iodide clusters eventually has less influence on the photophysical properties than the nature of the ligand. The design of proper ligands should therefore be considered when developing materials for specific lighting applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Utrera-Melero
- Nantes Université, CNRS, Institut des Matériaux de Nantes Jean Rouxel, IMN, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Marie Cordier
- Univ. Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes)─UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Florian Massuyeau
- Nantes Université, CNRS, Institut des Matériaux de Nantes Jean Rouxel, IMN, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Jean-Yves Mevellec
- Nantes Université, CNRS, Institut des Matériaux de Nantes Jean Rouxel, IMN, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Aydar Rakhmatullin
- CEMHTI-CNRS, UPR 3079, 1D avenue de la recherche scientifique, 45071 Orléans, Cedex 2, France
| | - Charlotte Martineau-Corcos
- CEMHTI-CNRS, UPR 3079, 1D avenue de la recherche scientifique, 45071 Orléans, Cedex 2, France
- MIM, Institut Lavoisier de Versailles (ILV), UMR CNRS 8180, Université de Versailles St-Quentin en Yvelines (UVSQ), 45, avenue des Etats-Unis, 78035 Versailles, Cedex, France
| | - Camille Latouche
- Nantes Université, CNRS, Institut des Matériaux de Nantes Jean Rouxel, IMN, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Sandrine Perruchas
- Nantes Université, CNRS, Institut des Matériaux de Nantes Jean Rouxel, IMN, F-44000 Nantes, France
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Li Y, Xu S, Zhang X, Man Y, Zhang J, Zhang G, Chen S, Duan C, Han C, Xu H. Bulk Passivation Enables Hundredfold-Enhanced Electroluminescence of Monophosphine Cu 4 I 4 Cubes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202308410. [PMID: 37578640 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202308410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Electroluminescent (EL) clusters emerged rapidly, owing to their organic-inorganic hybrid character useful for comprehensive performance integration and the potential for large-scale display and lighting applications. However, despite their good photoluminescent (PL) properties, until present, no efficient EL monodentate ligand-based clusters were reported due to structural variation during processing and excitation and exciton confinement on cluster-centered quenching states. Here we demonstrate an effective bulky passivation strategy for efficient cluster light-emitting diodes with a monophosphine Cu4 I4 cube named [TMeOPP]4 Cu4 I4 . With terminal pyridine groups, an active matrix named TmPyPB supports an effective host-cluster interplay for configuration fixation, structural stabilization, and exciton-confinement optimization. Compared to common inactive hosts, the passivation effects of TmPyPB markedly reduce trap-state densities by 24-40 % to suppress nonradiative decay, resulting in state-of-the-art PL and EL quantum yields reaching 99 % and 15.6 %, respectively, which are significantly improved by about 7-fold. TmPyPB simultaneously increases EL luminance to 104 nits, which is ≈100-fold that of the non-doped analogue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Materials, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, P. R. China
| | - Siwei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Materials, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, P. R. China
| | - Xianfa Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Materials, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, P. R. China
| | - Yi Man
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Materials, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, P. R. China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Materials, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, P. R. China
| | - Guangming Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Materials, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, P. R. China
| | - Shuo Chen
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Materials, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, P. R. China
| | - Chunbo Duan
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Materials, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, P. R. China
| | - Chunmiao Han
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Materials, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, P. R. China
| | - Hui Xu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Materials, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Li Y, Zhang X, Man Y, Xu S, Zhang J, Zhang G, Chen S, Duan C, Han C, Xu H. Interfacial Passivation Enormously Enhances Electroluminescence of Triphenylphosphine Cu 4 I 4 Cube. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2302984. [PMID: 37267437 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202302984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Defect is one of the key factors limiting optoelectronic performances of organic-inorganic hybrid systems. Although high-efficiency bidentate ligands based electroluminescent (EL) clusters reported, until present, only few EL clusters based on monodentate ligands are realized since their structural instability induces more surface/interface defects. Herein, this bottleneck is first overcome in virtue of interfacial passivation by electron transporting layers (ETL). Through using TmPyPB with meta-linked pyridines as ETL, photoluminescent (PL) and EL quantum efficiencies of the simplest monophosphine Cu4 I4 cube [TPP]4 Cu4 I4 are greatly improved by ≈2 and 23 folds, respectively, as well as ≈200 folds increased luminance, corresponding to a huge leap from nearly unlighted (<20 nits) to highly bright (>3000 nits). The passivation effect of TmPyPB on surface defects of cluster layer is embodied as preventing interfacial charge trapping and suppressing exciton nonradiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Materials, Heilongjiang University 74 Xuefu Road, Harbin, 150080, P. R. China
| | - Xianfa Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Materials, Heilongjiang University 74 Xuefu Road, Harbin, 150080, P. R. China
| | - Yi Man
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Materials, Heilongjiang University 74 Xuefu Road, Harbin, 150080, P. R. China
| | - Shiwei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Materials, Heilongjiang University 74 Xuefu Road, Harbin, 150080, P. R. China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Materials, Heilongjiang University 74 Xuefu Road, Harbin, 150080, P. R. China
| | - Guangming Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Materials, Heilongjiang University 74 Xuefu Road, Harbin, 150080, P. R. China
| | - Shuo Chen
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Materials, Heilongjiang University 74 Xuefu Road, Harbin, 150080, P. R. China
| | - Chunbo Duan
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Materials, Heilongjiang University 74 Xuefu Road, Harbin, 150080, P. R. China
| | - Chunmiao Han
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Materials, Heilongjiang University 74 Xuefu Road, Harbin, 150080, P. R. China
| | - Hui Xu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Materials, Heilongjiang University 74 Xuefu Road, Harbin, 150080, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Ma XH, Li J, Luo P, Hu JH, Han Z, Dong XY, Xie G, Zang SQ. Carbene-stabilized enantiopure heterometallic clusters featuring EQE of 20.8% in circularly-polarized OLED. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4121. [PMID: 37433775 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39802-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Bright and efficient chiral coinage metal clusters show promise for use in emerging circularly polarized light-emitting materials and diodes. To date, highly efficient circularly polarized organic light-emitting diodes (CP-OLEDs) with enantiopure metal clusters have not been reported. Herein, through rational design of a multidentate chiral N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligand and a modular building strategy, we synthesize a series of enantiopure Au(I)-Cu(I) clusters with exceptional stability. Modulation of the ligands stabilize the chiral excited states of clusters to allow thermally activated delayed fluorescence, resulting in the highest orange-red photoluminescence quantum yields over 93.0% in the solid state, which is accompanied by circularly polarized luminescence. Based on the solution process, a prototypical orange-red CP-OLED with a considerably high external quantum efficiency of 20.8% is prepared. These results demonstrate the extensive designability of chiral NHC ligands to stabilize polymetallic clusters for high performance in chiroptical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Hong Ma
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, 450001, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jing Li
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, 450001, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Peng Luo
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Henan Polytechnic University, 454000, Jiaozuo, China
| | - Jia-Hua Hu
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, 450001, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhen Han
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, 450001, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xi-Yan Dong
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, 450001, Zhengzhou, China.
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Henan Polytechnic University, 454000, Jiaozuo, China.
| | - Guohua Xie
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences, Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Optoelectronic Materials, Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, 430072, Wuhan, China.
| | - Shuang-Quan Zang
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, 450001, Zhengzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Dutta C, Maniappan S, Kumar J. Delayed luminescence guided enhanced circularly polarized emission in atomically precise copper nanoclusters. Chem Sci 2023; 14:5593-5601. [PMID: 37265730 PMCID: PMC10231326 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc00686g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Metal nanoclusters, owing to their intriguing optical properties, have captivated research interest over the years. Of special interest have been chiral nanoclusters that display optical activity in the visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum. While the ground state chiral properties of metal nanoclusters have been reasonably well studied, of late research focus has shifted attention to their excited state chiral investigations. Herein, we report the synthesis and chiral investigations of a pair of enantiomerically pure copper nanoclusters that exhibit intense optical activity, both in their ground and excited states. The synthesis of nanoclusters using l- and d-isomers of the chiral ligand led to the formation of metal clusters that displayed mirror image circular dichroism and circularly polarized luminescence signals. Structural validation using single crystal XRD, powder XRD and XPS in conjunction with chiroptical and computational analysis helped to develop a structure-property correlation that is unique to such clusters. Investigations on the mechanism of photoluminescence revealed that the system exhibits long excited state lifetimes. A combination of delayed luminescence and chirality resulted in circularly polarized delayed luminescence, a phenomenon that is rather uncommon to the field of metal clusters. The chiral emissive properties could be successfully demonstrated in free-standing polymeric films highlighting their potential for use in the field of data encryption, security tags and polarized light emitting devices. Moreover, the fundamental understanding of the mechanism of excited state chirality in copper clusters opens avenues for the exploration of similar effects in a variety of other clusters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Camelia Dutta
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati Tirupati - 517507 India
| | - Sonia Maniappan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati Tirupati - 517507 India
| | - Jatish Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati Tirupati - 517507 India
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Zhang N, Qu L, Dai S, Xie G, Han C, Zhang J, Huo R, Hu H, Chen Q, Huang W, Xu H. Intramolecular charge transfer enables highly-efficient X-ray luminescence in cluster scintillators. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2901. [PMID: 37217534 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38546-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Luminescence clusters composed of organic ligands and metals have gained significant interests as scintillators owing to their great potential in high X-ray absorption, customizable radioluminescence, and solution processability at low temperatures. However, X-ray luminescence efficiency in clusters is primarily governed by the competition between radiative states from organic ligands and nonradiative cluster-centered charge transfer. Here we report that a class of Cu4I4 cubes exhibit highly emissive radioluminescence in response to X-ray irradiation through functionalizing biphosphine ligands with acridine. Mechanistic studies show that these clusters can efficiently absorb radiation ionization to generate electron-hole pairs and transfer them to ligands during thermalization for efficient radioluminescence through precise control over intramolecular charge transfer. Our experimental results indicate that copper/iodine-to-ligand and intraligand charge transfer states are predominant in radiative processes. We demonstrate that photoluminescence and electroluminescence quantum efficiencies of the clusters reach 95% and 25.6%, with the assistance of external triplet-to-singlet conversion by a thermally activated delayed fluorescence matrix. We further show the utility of the Cu4I4 scintillators in achieving a lowest X-ray detection limit of 77 nGy s-1 and a high X-ray imaging resolution of 12 line pairs per millimeter. Our study offers insights into universal luminescent mechanism and ligand engineering of cluster scintillators.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Material Science, Heilongjiang University, 74 Xuefu Road, Harbin, 150080, China
| | - Lei Qu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Material Science, Heilongjiang University, 74 Xuefu Road, Harbin, 150080, China
| | - Shuheng Dai
- MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Guohua Xie
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Centre for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Optoelectronic Materials, Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, 299 Bayi Road, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Chunmiao Han
- MOE Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Material Science, Heilongjiang University, 74 Xuefu Road, Harbin, 150080, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Material Science, Heilongjiang University, 74 Xuefu Road, Harbin, 150080, China
| | - Ran Huo
- MOE Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Material Science, Heilongjiang University, 74 Xuefu Road, Harbin, 150080, China
| | - Huan Hu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Material Science, Heilongjiang University, 74 Xuefu Road, Harbin, 150080, China
| | - Qiushui Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China.
| | - Wei Huang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Hui Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Material Science, Heilongjiang University, 74 Xuefu Road, Harbin, 150080, China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Hu Q, Zhang C, Wu X, Liang G, Wang L, Niu X, Wang Z, Si WD, Han Y, Huang R, Xiao J, Sun D. Highly Effective Hybrid Copper(I) Iodide Cluster Emitter with Negative Thermal Quenched Phosphorescence for X-Ray Imaging. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202217784. [PMID: 36647290 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202217784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The low efficiency triplet emission of hybrid copper(I) iodide clusters is a critical obstacle to their further practical optoelectronic application. Herein, we present an efficient hybrid copper(I) iodide cluster emitter (DBA)4 Cu4 I4 , where the cooperation of excited state structure reorganization and the metallophilicity interaction enables ultra-bright triplet yellow-orange emission with a photoluminescence quantum yield over 94.9 %, and the phonon-assisted de-trapping process of exciton induces the negative thermal quenching effect at 80-300 K. We also investigate the potential of this emitter for X-ray imaging. The (DBA)4 Cu4 I4 wafer demonstrates a light yield higher than 104 photons MeV-1 and a high spatial resolution of ≈5.0 lp mm-1 , showing great potential in practical X-ray imaging applications. Our new copper(I) iodide cluster emitter can serve as a model for investigating the thermodynamic mechanism of photoluminescence in hybrid copper(I) halide phosphorescence materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qingsong Hu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, 441053, China.,Hubei Longzhong Laboratory, Xiangyang, 441000, Hubei, China
| | - Chengkai Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Ji'nan, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Xian Wu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, 441053, China.,Hubei Longzhong Laboratory, Xiangyang, 441000, Hubei, China
| | - Guijie Liang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, 441053, China.,Hubei Longzhong Laboratory, Xiangyang, 441000, Hubei, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, 441053, China.,Hubei Longzhong Laboratory, Xiangyang, 441000, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaowei Niu
- Beijing Key Lab of Microstructure and Property of Advanced Materials, Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Zhi Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Ji'nan, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Wei-Dan Si
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Ji'nan, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Yibo Han
- Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Ruiqin Huang
- Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Jiawen Xiao
- Beijing Key Lab of Microstructure and Property of Advanced Materials, Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Di Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Ji'nan, 250100, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Wang Z, Zhang S, Xie H, Sun D, Wang W, Li S, Xin X. Dispersing Hydrophobic Copper Nanoclusters in Aqueous Solutions Triggered by Polyoxometalate with Aggregation-Induced Eimission Properties. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2023.131147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
|
20
|
Ni J, Zhong C, Li L, Su M, Wang X, Sun J, Chen S, Duan C, Han C, Xu H. Deep‐Blue Electroluminescence from Phosphine‐Stabilized Au
3
Triangles and Au
3
Ag Pyramids. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202213826. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202213826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiteng Ni
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Materials Heilongjiang University 74 Xuefu Road Harbin 150080 P. R. China
| | - Chunlei Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Materials Heilongjiang University 74 Xuefu Road Harbin 150080 P. R. China
| | | | - Mengxue Su
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Materials Heilongjiang University 74 Xuefu Road Harbin 150080 P. R. China
| | - Xinran Wang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Materials Heilongjiang University 74 Xuefu Road Harbin 150080 P. R. China
| | - Jianan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Materials Heilongjiang University 74 Xuefu Road Harbin 150080 P. R. China
| | - Shuo Chen
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Materials Heilongjiang University 74 Xuefu Road Harbin 150080 P. R. China
| | - Chunbo Duan
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Materials Heilongjiang University 74 Xuefu Road Harbin 150080 P. R. China
| | - Chunmiao Han
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Materials Heilongjiang University 74 Xuefu Road Harbin 150080 P. R. China
| | - Hui Xu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Materials Heilongjiang University 74 Xuefu Road Harbin 150080 P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Li T, Wang Z, Zhang Y, Wu Z. Engineering Coinage Metal Nanoclusters for Electroluminescent Light-Emitting Diodes. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:3837. [PMID: 36364613 PMCID: PMC9656650 DOI: 10.3390/nano12213837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Coinage metal nanoclusters (MNCs) are a new type of ultra-small nanoparticles on the sub-nanometer (typically < three nm) scale intermediate between atoms and plasmonic nanoparticles. At the same time, the ultra-small size and discrete energy levels of MNCs enable them to exhibit molecular-like energy gaps, and the total structure involving the metal core and surface ligand together leads to their unique properties. As a novel environmentally friendly chromophore, MNCs are promising candidates for the construction of electroluminescent light-emitting diodes (LEDs). However, a systematic summary is urgently needed to correlate the properties of MNCs with their influences on electroluminescent LED applications, describe the synthetic strategies of highly luminescent MNCs for LEDs’ construction, and discuss the general influencing factors of MNC-based electroluminescent LEDs. In this review, we first discuss relevant photoemissions of MNCs that may have major influences on the performance of MNC-based electroluminescent LEDs, and then demonstrate the main synthetic strategies of highly luminescent MNCs. To this end, we illustrate the recent development of electroluminescent LEDs based on MNCs and present our perspectives on the opportunities and challenges, which may shed light on the design of MNC-based electroluminescent LEDs in the near future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin Jianzhu University, Changchun 130018, China
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Zhennan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Kong YJ, Hu JH, Dong XY, Si Y, Wang ZY, Luo XM, Li HR, Chen Z, Zang SQ, Mak TCW. Achiral-Core-Metal Change in Isomorphic Enantiomeric Ag 12Ag 32 and Au 12Ag 32 Clusters Triggers Circularly Polarized Phosphorescence. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:19739-19747. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c05881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jin Kong
- Henan Key Laboratory of Crystalline Molecular Functional Materials, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Tumor Theranostical Cluster Materials, Green Catalysis Center and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Jia-Hua Hu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Crystalline Molecular Functional Materials, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Tumor Theranostical Cluster Materials, Green Catalysis Center and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xi-Yan Dong
- Henan Key Laboratory of Crystalline Molecular Functional Materials, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Tumor Theranostical Cluster Materials, Green Catalysis Center and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454003, China
| | - Yubing Si
- Henan Key Laboratory of Crystalline Molecular Functional Materials, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Tumor Theranostical Cluster Materials, Green Catalysis Center and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Zhao-Yang Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Crystalline Molecular Functional Materials, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Tumor Theranostical Cluster Materials, Green Catalysis Center and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xi-Ming Luo
- Henan Key Laboratory of Crystalline Molecular Functional Materials, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Tumor Theranostical Cluster Materials, Green Catalysis Center and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Hong-Ren Li
- Henan Key Laboratory of Crystalline Molecular Functional Materials, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Tumor Theranostical Cluster Materials, Green Catalysis Center and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Zongwei Chen
- Henan Institute of Advanced Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Shuang-Quan Zang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Crystalline Molecular Functional Materials, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Tumor Theranostical Cluster Materials, Green Catalysis Center and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Thomas C. W. Mak
- Henan Key Laboratory of Crystalline Molecular Functional Materials, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Tumor Theranostical Cluster Materials, Green Catalysis Center and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Zhang N, Qu L, Hu H, Huo R, Meng Y, Duan C, Zhang J, Han C, Xie G, Xu H. Sky Blue and Yellow Cluster Light-Emitting Diodes Based on Asymmetric Cu
4
I
4
Nanocubes. RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.34133/research.0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Controllably optimizing excited-state characteristics is crucial for luminescent nanoclusters but remains a formidable challenge. Herein, we report an effective “ligand-induced asymmetrization” strategy for constructing thermally activated delayed fluorescence-featured cubic Cu
4
I
4
nanoclusters with asymmetric configurations, named [tBCzDBFDP]
2
Cu
4
I
4
and [PTZDBFDP]
2
Cu
4
I
4
. Through changing 3,6-di-
tert
-butyl-carbazole (tBCz) to phenothiazine (PTZ) with a stronger electron-donating effect, emission color is tuned from greenish blue of [tBCzDBFDP]
2
Cu
4
I
4
to yellow of [PTZDBFDP]
2
Cu
4
I
4
, as well as the triplet locally excited state of the former to the triplet charge transfer state of the latter. Temperature-correlated spectroscopic investigation indicates that in terms of triplet quenching suppression, [tBCzDBFDP]
2
Cu
4
I
4
is superior to [PTZDBFDP]
2
Cu
4
I
4
, in accord with the stabilities of their triplet locally excited state and triplet charge transfer state. As a consequence, these asymmetric Cu
4
I
4
nanocubes endowed their cluster light-emitting diodes with the external quantum efficiencies beyond 12% for sky blue and 8% for yellow. These results suggest the significance and effectiveness of ligand engineering for optoelectronic nanoclusters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry (Ministry of Education) and School of Chemistry and Material Science, Heilongjiang University, 74 Xuefu Road, Harbin 150080, P. R. China
| | - Lei Qu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry (Ministry of Education) and School of Chemistry and Material Science, Heilongjiang University, 74 Xuefu Road, Harbin 150080, P. R. China
| | - Huan Hu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry (Ministry of Education) and School of Chemistry and Material Science, Heilongjiang University, 74 Xuefu Road, Harbin 150080, P. R. China
| | - Ran Huo
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry (Ministry of Education) and School of Chemistry and Material Science, Heilongjiang University, 74 Xuefu Road, Harbin 150080, P. R. China
| | - Yushan Meng
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry (Ministry of Education) and School of Chemistry and Material Science, Heilongjiang University, 74 Xuefu Road, Harbin 150080, P. R. China
| | - Chunbo Duan
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry (Ministry of Education) and School of Chemistry and Material Science, Heilongjiang University, 74 Xuefu Road, Harbin 150080, P. R. China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry (Ministry of Education) and School of Chemistry and Material Science, Heilongjiang University, 74 Xuefu Road, Harbin 150080, P. R. China
| | - Chunmiao Han
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry (Ministry of Education) and School of Chemistry and Material Science, Heilongjiang University, 74 Xuefu Road, Harbin 150080, P. R. China
| | - Guohua Xie
- Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Optoelectronic Materials, Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Hui Xu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry (Ministry of Education) and School of Chemistry and Material Science, Heilongjiang University, 74 Xuefu Road, Harbin 150080, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|