1
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Xu S, Ping Y, Xu M, Wu G, Ke Y, Miao R, Qi X, Kong W. Stereoselective and site-divergent synthesis of C-glycosides. Nat Chem 2024:10.1038/s41557-024-01629-3. [PMID: 39271916 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-024-01629-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024]
Abstract
Carbohydrates play important roles in medicinal chemistry and biochemistry. However, their synthesis relies on specially designed glycosyl donors, which are often unstable and require multi-step synthesis. Furthermore, the catalytic and stereoselective installation of arylated quaternary stereocentres on sugar rings remains a formidable challenge. Here we report a facile and versatile method for the synthesis of diverse C-R (where R is an aryl, heteroaryl, alkenyl, alkynyl or alkyl) glycosides from readily available and bench-stable 1-deoxyglycosides. The reaction proceeds under mild conditions and exhibits high stereoselectivity across a broad range of glycosyl units. This protocol can be used to synthesize challenging 2-deoxyglycosides, unprotected glycosides, non-classical glycosides and deuterated glycosides. We further developed the catalyst-controlled site-divergent functionalization of carbohydrates for the synthesis of various unexplored carbohydrates containing arylated quaternary stereocentres that are inaccessible by existing methods. The synthetic utility of this strategy is further demonstrated in the synthesis of pharmaceutically relevant molecules and carbohydrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Xu
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuanyuan Ping
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Minghao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Power Grid Environmental Protection, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Guozhen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Power Grid Environmental Protection, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yang Ke
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Rui Miao
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaotian Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Power Grid Environmental Protection, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Wangqing Kong
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
- Wuhan Institute of Photochemistry and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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2
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Wu H, Fujii T, Wang Q, Zhu J. Quaternary Carbon Editing Enabled by Sequential Palladium Migration. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:21239-21244. [PMID: 39052260 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c07706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Peripheral functionalization of a quaternary carbon via C(sp3)-H bond activation has made significant progress in recent years. However, direct editing of a quaternary carbon through Csp3-Csp3 bond cleavage and refunctionalization of nonstrained acyclic molecules remain underexploited. Herein we report a reaction in which a methyl group attached to a quaternary carbon is shifted to its neighboring secondary carbon with concurrent oxidation of the quaternary C-C single bond to the C═C double bond. Specifically, morpholinyl amide of 2,2-dimethyl alkanoic acids is converted to 2-methylene-3-methyl alkanoic acid derivatives in the presence of a catalytic amount of palladium acetate, Selectfluor and sodium carbonate. Control experiments suggest that the reaction proceeds via a sequence of selective C(sp3)-H activation of the methyl group, oxidation of the resulting C(sp3)-PdII to PdIV intermediate followed by unprecedented 1,3-PdIV migration, 1,2-methyl/PdIV dyotropic rearrangement and finally, β-Hydride elimination. In this domino process, palladium migrates successively from the primary to the secondary and finally to the quaternary carbon, leading to the concurrent functionalization of a primary, a secondary, and a quaternary carbon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Wu
- Laboratory of Synthesis and Natural Products (LSPN), Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL-SB-ISIC-LSPN, BCH5304, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Takuji Fujii
- Laboratory of Synthesis and Natural Products (LSPN), Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL-SB-ISIC-LSPN, BCH5304, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Qian Wang
- Laboratory of Synthesis and Natural Products (LSPN), Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL-SB-ISIC-LSPN, BCH5304, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jieping Zhu
- Laboratory of Synthesis and Natural Products (LSPN), Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL-SB-ISIC-LSPN, BCH5304, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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3
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Shu L, Dong X, Sun ZH, Zhao A, Jiang M, Ren X, Yan F, Cao K, Liu Q, Liu H. Photoinduced Pd-Catalyzed Intramolecular 6- endo Heck Reaction of Alkyl Halides. Org Lett 2024; 26:5719-5724. [PMID: 38941533 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
A novel photocatalytic palladium-induced 6-endo-selective alkyl Heck reaction of unactivated alkyl iodides and alkyl bromides has been described. This strategy facilitates the gentle and efficient synthesis of a variety of 5-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine derivatives. It demonstrates a broad substrate tolerance and excellent 6-endo selectivity. Unlike the high-temperature requirements of traditional alkyl Heck reactions, this transformation efficiently proceeds at room temperature and shows significant promise for industrial-scale applications. Mechanistic investigations reveal that this alkyl Heck reaction proceeds via a hybrid palladium-radical process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Shu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, 266 West Xincun Road, Zibo 255049, P. R. China
| | - Xu Dong
- School of Pharmacy, Qilu Medical University, 1678 West Renmin Road, Zibo 255300, China
| | - Ze-Hua Sun
- School of Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, 266 West Xincun Road, Zibo 255049, P. R. China
| | - Anxin Zhao
- School of Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, 266 West Xincun Road, Zibo 255049, P. R. China
| | - Mengyao Jiang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, 266 West Xincun Road, Zibo 255049, P. R. China
| | - Xiaomin Ren
- Shinva Medical Instrument Co., Ltd., 99 Beixin Road, Sibaoshan Street, Zibo 255000, China
| | - Fachao Yan
- School of Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, 266 West Xincun Road, Zibo 255049, P. R. China
| | - Kai Cao
- Pharmacy Department, Zibo Central Hospital, 54 West Gongqingtuan Road, Zibo 255036, China
| | - Qing Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, 266 West Xincun Road, Zibo 255049, P. R. China
| | - Hui Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, 266 West Xincun Road, Zibo 255049, P. R. China
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4
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Delcaillau T, Yang B, Wang Q, Zhu J. Editing Tetrasubstituted Carbon: Dual C-O Bond Functionalization of Tertiary Alcohols Enabled by Palladium-Based Dyotropic Rearrangement. J Am Chem Soc 2024. [PMID: 38587988 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c02924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Many elegant asymmetric syntheses of enantioenriched tertiary alcohols have been developed, and both the transition metal-catalyzed and the radical-based peripheral functionalization of tertiary alcohols have attracted intensive research interest in recent years. However, directly editing tetrasubstituted carbons remains challenging. Herein, we report a Pd-catalyzed migratory fluoroarylation reaction that converts tertiary alcohols to α-fluorinated tertiary alkyl ethers in good to excellent yields. An unprecedented 1,2-aryl/PdIV dyotropic rearrangement along the C-O bond, integrated in a PdII-catalyzed domino process, is key to the dual functionalization of both the hydroxyl group and the tetrasubstituted carbon. This reaction, which is compatible with a broad range of functional groups, generates a tertiary alkyl fluoride and an alkyl-aryl ether functional group with inversion of the absolute configuration at the tetrasubstituted stereocenter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tristan Delcaillau
- Laboratory of Synthesis and Natural Products (LSPN), Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL-SB-ISIC-LSPN, BCH5304, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Baochao Yang
- Laboratory of Synthesis and Natural Products (LSPN), Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL-SB-ISIC-LSPN, BCH5304, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Qian Wang
- Laboratory of Synthesis and Natural Products (LSPN), Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL-SB-ISIC-LSPN, BCH5304, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jieping Zhu
- Laboratory of Synthesis and Natural Products (LSPN), Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL-SB-ISIC-LSPN, BCH5304, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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5
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Zhang W, Song Y, Sun TY, Wang D, Xia XF. Photocatalytic Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer Enabled Radical Cyclization for Isoquinoline-1,3-diones Synthesis. J Org Chem 2024; 89:5060-5068. [PMID: 38525894 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Radical cyclization has been demonstrated to be an efficient method to access functionalized heterocycles from easily accessible raw materials. Described herein is the development of a photocatalytic proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) strategy for the synthesis of isoquinoline-1,3-diones using readily prepared naphthalimide (NI)-based organic photocatalysts. The process features free metal-complex photocatalysts, acids, and mild reaction conditions. This mild radical cyclization protocol has a broad substrate scope and can be effectively applied to a variety of medicinally relevant substrates. Furthermore, control experiments were conducted to elucidate the mechanism of this visible light-induced methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Yaqi Song
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Tian-Yu Sun
- Institute of Chemical Biology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518132, China
| | - Dawei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Xia
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
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6
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Liu W, Li W, Xu W, Wang M, Kong W. Nickel-catalyzed switchable arylative/endo-cyclization of 1,6-enynes. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2914. [PMID: 38575585 PMCID: PMC10995176 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47200-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Carbo- and heterocycles are frequently used as crucial scaffolds in natural products, fine chemicals, and biologically and pharmaceutically active compounds. Transition-metal-catalyzed cyclization of 1,6-enynes has emerged as a powerful strategy for constructing functionalized carbo- and heterocycles. Despite significant progress, the regioselectivity of alkyne functionalization is entirely substrate-dependent. And only exo-cyclization/cross-coupling products can be obtained, while endo-selective cyclization/cross-coupling remains elusive and still poses a formidable challenge. In this study, we disclose a nickel-catalyzed switchable arylation/cyclization of 1,6-enynes in which the nature of the ligand dictates the regioselectivity of alkyne arylation, while the electrophilic trapping reagents determine the selectivity of the cyclization mode. Specifically, using a commercially available 1,10-phenanthroline as a ligand facilitates trans-arylation/cyclization to obtain seven-membered ring products, while a 2-naphthyl-substituted bisbox ligand promotes cis-arylation/cyclization to access six-membered ring products. Diastereoselective cyclizations have also been developed for the synthesis of enantioenriched piperidines and azepanes, which are core structural elements of pharmaceuticals and natural products possessing important biological activities. Furthermore, experimental and density functional theory studies reveal that the regioselectivity of the alkyne arylation process is entirely controlled by the steric hindrance of the ligand; the reaction mechanism involves exo-cyclization followed by Dowd-Beckwith-type ring expansion to form endo-cyclization products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenfeng Liu
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Wei Li
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Weipeng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Minyan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Wangqing Kong
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China.
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7
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Dong Y, Hu F, Wu H, Guo FW, Wang L, Du FY, Li SS. Controllable Synthesis of N-Heterocycles via Hydride Transfer Strategy-Enabled Formal [5 + 1] and [5 + 2] Cyclizations. Org Lett 2024; 26:332-337. [PMID: 38153999 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
The Brønsted acid-controlled switchable synthesis of indoline-fused tetrahydroquinolines and indole-fused benzazepines was developed through hydride transfer-enabled formal [5 + 1] and [5 + 2] cyclization reactions from indoles and N-alkyl o-aminobenzoketones. Indoline, furanone, and tetrahydroquinoline hybridized pentacyclic products were unprecedentedly accessed via a cascade condensation/hydride transfer/dearomatization-cyclization/deethylation/nucleophilic addition process. In addition, the undeveloped hydride transfer-involved [5 + 2] cyclizations were also realized for direct construction of indole-fused benzazepines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Dong
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Changcheng Rd. #700, Qingdao 266109, P. R. China
| | - Fangzhi Hu
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Changcheng Rd. #700, Qingdao 266109, P. R. China
| | - Huixin Wu
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Changcheng Rd. #700, Qingdao 266109, P. R. China
| | - Feng-Wei Guo
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Changcheng Rd. #700, Qingdao 266109, P. R. China
| | - Liang Wang
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Changcheng Rd. #700, Qingdao 266109, P. R. China
| | - Feng-Yu Du
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Changcheng Rd. #700, Qingdao 266109, P. R. China
| | - Shuai-Shuai Li
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Changcheng Rd. #700, Qingdao 266109, P. R. China
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8
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Feng Q, Liu CX, Wang Q, Zhu J. Palladium-Based Dyotropic Rearrangement Enables A Triple Functionalization of Gem-Disubstituted Alkenes: An Unusual Fluorolactonization Reaction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202316393. [PMID: 37986261 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202316393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
We report in this paper a Pd(II)-catalyzed migratory gem-fluorolactonization of ene-carboxylic acids. Reaction of 4-methylenealkanoic acid derivatives with Selectfluor in the presence of Pd(OAc)2 (1.0 mol %) at room temperature affords fluorolactones in good to excellent yields. 2-(2-Methylenecycloalkanyl)acetic acids are transformed to bridged fluorolactones under identical conditions. One C-C, one C-O and one tertiary C-F bond were generated along the gem-disubstituted carbon-carbon double bond in this operationally simple transformation. Trapping experiments indicates that the reaction is initiated by a 5-exo-trig oxypalladation followed by Pd oxidation, regioselective ring-enlarging 1,2-alkyl/Pd(IV) dyotropic rearrangement and C-F bond forming reductive elimination cascade. Post-transformations of these fluorolactones taking advantage of the electrophilicity of the 1-fluoroalkylcarboxylate function are also documented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Feng
- Laboratory of Synthesis and Natural Products (LSPN), Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL-SB-ISIC-LSPN, BCH 304 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Chen-Xu Liu
- Laboratory of Synthesis and Natural Products (LSPN), Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL-SB-ISIC-LSPN, BCH 304 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Qian Wang
- Laboratory of Synthesis and Natural Products (LSPN), Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL-SB-ISIC-LSPN, BCH 304 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jieping Zhu
- Laboratory of Synthesis and Natural Products (LSPN), Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL-SB-ISIC-LSPN, BCH 304 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
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9
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Liu T, Meng Z, Zhou Y, Wang T, Lv K. Mechanistic Insights into the Ligand-Directed Divergent Synthesis of 2-Benzazepine Derivatives via Ni-Catalyzed Tunable Cyclization/Cross-Coupling: A DFT Study. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:17946-17953. [PMID: 37851378 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c02853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
The detailed mechanisms of Ni-catalyzed ligand-controlled cyclization/cross-coupling of o-bromobenzenesulfonyl acrylamide (1a) with trifluoromethyl alkene were investigated by DFT calculations. The computational results support a single-electron reduction of NiII precatalyst to give BrNiIL species, which would react with 1a via oxidative addition to afford the (Ar)NiIIILBr2 complex. The subsequent cyclizations did not proceed until (Ar)NiIIILBr2 was reduced to the key (Ar)NiIL complex. For the bpy-involving reaction, the subsequent steps include nucleophilic attack to the carbonyl carbon atom, N-C bond breaking, intramolecular migratory insertion, as well as concerted C-C cross-coupling and β-F elimination. While the ligand of terpyridine promotes the 7-endocyclization followed by stepwise migratory insertion and β-F elimination to afford 2-benzazepine 2,5-dione. For both reactions, a theoretical study implied that the most favorable mechanism involved a NiI-NiIII-NiI catalytic cycle. The origins of the chemoselectivity, coupled with the factors responsible, were addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Liu
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials, Jining University, Qufu 273155, Shandong, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, China
| | - Zitong Meng
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials, Jining University, Qufu 273155, Shandong, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, China
| | - Yihang Zhou
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials, Jining University, Qufu 273155, Shandong, China
| | - Teng Wang
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials, Jining University, Qufu 273155, Shandong, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, Shandong, China
| | - Kang Lv
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials, Jining University, Qufu 273155, Shandong, China
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10
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Xu WY, Xu ZY, Zhang ZK, Gong TJ, Fu Y. Tunable Synthesis of Monofluoroalkenes and Gem-Difluoroalkenes via Solvent-Controlled Rhodium-Catalyzed Arylation of 1-Bromo-2,2-difluoroethylene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202310125. [PMID: 37589202 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202310125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Divergent synthesis of fluorine-containing scaffolds starting from a suite of raw materials is an intriguing topic. Herein, we report the solvent-controlled rhodium-catalyzed tunable arylation of 1-bromo-2,2-difluoroethylene. The selection of the reaction solvents provides switchable defluorinated or debrominated arylation from readily available feedstock resources (both arylboronic acids/esters and 1-bromo-2,2-difluoroethylene are commercially available). This switch is feasible because of the difference in coordination ability between the solvent (CH2 Cl2 or CH3 CN) and the rhodium center, resulting in different olefin insertion. This protocol allows the convenient synthesis of monofluoroalkenes and gem-difluoroalkenes, both of which are important scaffolds in the fields of medicine and materials. Moreover, this newly developed solvent-regulated reaction system can be applied to the site-selective dechlorinated arylation of trichloroethylene. Overall, this study provides a useful strategy for the divergent synthesis of fluorine-containing scaffolds and provides insight into the importance of solvent selection in catalytic reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Yan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, iChEM, CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biomass Clean Energy, University of Science and Technology of China, 230026, Hefei, China
| | - Zhe-Yuan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, iChEM, CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biomass Clean Energy, University of Science and Technology of China, 230026, Hefei, China
| | - Ze-Kuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, iChEM, CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biomass Clean Energy, University of Science and Technology of China, 230026, Hefei, China
| | - Tian-Jun Gong
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, iChEM, CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biomass Clean Energy, University of Science and Technology of China, 230026, Hefei, China
| | - Yao Fu
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, iChEM, CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Biomass Clean Energy, University of Science and Technology of China, 230026, Hefei, China
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11
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Sun Y, Zhang SP, Yang WC. Divergent Construction of Thiochromanes and N-Arylbutanamides via Arylthiodifluoromethyl Radical-Triggered Cascade of Alkenes. J Org Chem 2023; 88:13279-13290. [PMID: 37650696 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
A strategy utilizing silver-catalyzed oxidative decarboxylation radical cascade cyclization of arylthiodifluoroacetic acids with alkenes for the simple and efficient preparation of difluoromethylated thiochromanes and 2,2-disubstituted-N-arylbutanamides derivatives has been developed. This approach includes good functional group tolerance, easily accessible starting materials, and operational simplicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Sun
- Guangling College and School of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, P. R. China
| | - Shu-Peng Zhang
- Guangling College and School of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, P. R. China
- National Engineering Research Center of Low-Carbon Processing and Utilization of Forest Biomass, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Wen-Chao Yang
- Guangling College and School of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, P. R. China
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12
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Hu YF, Feng MH, Zhang PY, Xu H, Ma M, Shen ZL, Chu XQ. Combining Hydrodefluorination and Defluorophosphorylation for Chemo- and Stereoselective Synthesis of gem-Fluorophosphine Alkenes. Org Lett 2023; 25:6368-6373. [PMID: 37595017 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c02357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
A chemo-, regio-, and stereoselective reaction of trifluoromethyl enones, phenylsilane, and phosphine oxides through a sequential hydrodefluorination and defluorophosphorylation relay is developed for the synthesis of distinctive gem-fluorophosphine alkenes. This multicomponent reaction occurred under transition-metal-free conditions with good functional group tolerance. Moreover, the preinstalled carbonyl auxiliary is important for tuning the reactivity of β-trifluoromethyl enones, thereby enabling controllable and selective functionalization of two fluorine atoms in trifluoromethylated enones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Fei Hu
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry, Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Man-Hang Feng
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry, Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Peng-Yuan Zhang
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry, Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Hao Xu
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry, Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Mengtao Ma
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Zhi-Liang Shen
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry, Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Xue-Qiang Chu
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry, Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
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13
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Hu YY, Xu XQ, Deng WC, Liang RX, Jia YX. Nickel-Catalyzed Enantioselective Dearomative Heck-Reductive Allylic Defluorination Reaction of Indoles. Org Lett 2023; 25:6122-6127. [PMID: 37578397 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c02092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we describe a nickel-catalyzed asymmetric dearomative aryl-difluoroallylation reaction of indoles with α-trifluoromethyl alkenes as an electrophilic coupling partner. The reaction proceeds via a cascade sequence involving dearomative Heck cyclization and reductive allylic defluorination. A series of gem-difluoroallyl substituted indolines are obtained in moderate to good yields (36-77% yield) with excellent enantioselectivity (up to 99% ee). The reaction features broad functional group tolerance, scaled-up synthesis, and late-stage diversification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Yuan Hu
- College of Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemical Synthesis Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Chaowang Road 18#, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Xiao-Qiu Xu
- College of Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemical Synthesis Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Chaowang Road 18#, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Wei-Chao Deng
- College of Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemical Synthesis Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Chaowang Road 18#, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Ren-Xiao Liang
- College of Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemical Synthesis Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Chaowang Road 18#, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Yi-Xia Jia
- College of Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemical Synthesis Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Chaowang Road 18#, Hangzhou, 310014, China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
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14
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Tang W, Fan P. Nickel-Catalyzed Cross-Electrophile Ring Opening/ gem-Difluoroallylation of Aziridines. Org Lett 2023; 25:5756-5761. [PMID: 37503939 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c01973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Herein we report a nickel-catalyzed regioselective cross-electrophile ring opening reaction of sulfonyl-protected aziridines with trifluoromethyl-substituted alkenes as the gem-difluoroallylating agents, providing a new and efficient entry to prepare gem-difluorobishomoallylic sulfonamides. Moreover, the scaffold of 6-fluoro-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyridine can be constructed starting from the ring opening products via NaH-mediated intramolecular defluorinative nucleophilic vinylic substitution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Tang
- School of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Low Temperature Co-fired Materials, Huainan Normal University, Huainan, Anhui 232038, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Pei Fan
- School of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Low Temperature Co-fired Materials, Huainan Normal University, Huainan, Anhui 232038, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
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15
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Dong H, Lin Z, Wang C. Cobalt‐Catalyzed Allylic Defluorinative Cross‐Electrophile Coupling between 1,1‐Difluoroalkyl Halides and α‐Trifluoromethyl Styrenes. Adv Synth Catal 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202300171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Dong
- Department of Chemistry Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis of CAS University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230026 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyang Lin
- Department of Chemistry Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis of CAS University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230026 People's Republic of China
| | - Chuan Wang
- Department of Chemistry Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis of CAS University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230026 People's Republic of China
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16
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Xu Y, Wang S, Liu Z, Guo M, Lei A. Photo/Ni dual-catalyzed radical defluorinative sulfonylation to synthesize gem-difluoro allylsulfones. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:3707-3710. [PMID: 36912357 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc05934g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Radical defluorinative functionalization of α-trifluoromethyl styrenes represents an effective way toward gem-difluoroalkenes. There are general interests in developing novel synthetic protocols for defluorinative functionalization with various types of radicals. However, reports on the preparation of gem-difluoro allylsulfones via an S-centered radical pathway are limited. Herein, we developed a photo/nickel dual-catalyzed defluorinative sulfonylation that rapidly and reliably synthesizes gem-difluoro allylsulfones. The merit of this protocol is exhibited by its mild conditions and wide scope, thus providing a novel strategy for the sulfonyl radical participating in radical defluorinative coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiran Xu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China.
| | - Shengchun Wang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China.
| | - Zhao Liu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China.
| | - Mian Guo
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China.
| | - Aiwen Lei
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China.
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17
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Zhang X, Huang X, Chen Y, Chen B, Ma Y. Synthesis of gem-Difluorinated 1,4-Dienes via Nickel-Catalyzed Three-Component Coupling of (Trifluoromethyl)alkenes, Alkynes, and Organoboronic Acids. Org Lett 2023; 25:1748-1753. [PMID: 36866931 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c00444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
Herein, a nickel-catalyzed defluorinative three-component coupling of trifluoromethyl alkenes, internal alkynes, and organoboronic acids is presented. The protocol provides a highly efficient and selective route for the synthesis of structurally diverse gem-difluorinated 1,4-dienes under mild conditions. Mechanistic studies suggest that C-F bond activation proceeds probably through the oxidative cyclization of trifluoromethyl alkenes with Ni(0) species, sequential addition to alkynes, and β-fluorine elimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry R&D of Hunan Province, and Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, Institute of Interdisciplinary Studies, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, 410081 Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Xinmiao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry R&D of Hunan Province, and Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, Institute of Interdisciplinary Studies, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, 410081 Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Yingzhuang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry R&D of Hunan Province, and Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, Institute of Interdisciplinary Studies, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, 410081 Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Bo Chen
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry R&D of Hunan Province, and Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, Institute of Interdisciplinary Studies, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, 410081 Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Yuanhong Ma
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry R&D of Hunan Province, and Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, Institute of Interdisciplinary Studies, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, 410081 Changsha, P. R. China
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18
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Pan Q, Ping Y, Kong W. Nickel-Catalyzed Ligand-Controlled Selective Reductive Cyclization/Cross-Couplings. Acc Chem Res 2023; 56:515-535. [PMID: 36688822 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.2c00771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
ConspectusThe use of quaternary stereocenters during lead candidate optimization continues to grow because of improved physiochemical and pharmacokinetic profiles of compounds with higher sp3 fraction. Pd-catalyzed redox-neutral alkene difunctionalization involving carbopalladation of alkenes followed by nucleophilic-trapping σ-alkyl-palladium intermediates has been developed as an efficient method to construct quaternary stereocenters. However, the low chemoselectivity and air sensitivity of organometallic nucleophiles, as well as their low availability and accessibility, limit the scope of application of this elegant strategy. Recently, Ni-catalyzed reductive cross-coupling has evolved into a privileged strategy to easily construct valuable C(sp3)-C bonds. Despite great progress, the enantioselective coupling of C(sp3) electrophiles still relies on activated or functionalized alkyl precursors, which are often unstable and require multiple steps to prepare. Therefore, Ni-catalyzed reductive difunctionalization of alkenes via selective cyclization/cross-coupling was developed. This strategy not only offers a robust and practical alternative for traditional redox-neutral alkene difunctionalization but also provides strategic complementarity for reductive cross-coupling of activated alkyl electrophiles. In this Account, we summarize the latest results from our laboratory on this topic. These findings mainly include our explorations in modulating the enantioselectivity and cyclization mode of reductive cyclization/cross-couplings.We will first discuss Ni-catalyzed enantioselective reductive cyclization/cross-coupling to construct valuable chiral heterocycles with quaternary stereocenters and focus on the effects of ligands, reductants, and additives and their roles in reductive cross-coupling. A wide range of electrophiles have been explored, including aryl halides, vinyl halides, alkynyl halides, gem-difluoroalkenes, CO2, trifluoromethyl alkenes, and cyano electrophiles. The synthetic potential of this approach has also been demonstrated in the synthesis of biologically active natural products and drug molecules. Second, we will detail how to tune the steric effects of nickel catalysts by modifying bipyridine ligands for regiodivergent cyclization/cross-couplings. Specifically, the use of bidentate ligands favors exo-selective cyclization/cross-coupling, while the use of a carboxylic acid-modified bipyridine ligand permits endo-selective cyclization/cross-coupling. We will also show how to activate the amide substrate by altering the electronic and steric properties of substituents on the nitrogen, thereby enabling the nucleophilic addition of aryl halides to amide carbonyls. Further investigation of ligand properties has led to tunable cyclization/cross-couplings (addition to the amide carbonyl vs 7-endo-cyclization) for the divergent synthesis of pharmacologically important 2-benzazepine frameworks. Finally, we serendipitously discover that modifying the ligands of nickel catalysts and changing the oxidation state of nickel can control the migratory aptitude of different groups, thus providing a switchable skeletal rearrangement strategy. This transformation is of high synthetic value because it represents a conceptually unprecedented new approach to C-C bond activation. Thus, this Account not only summarizes synthetic methods that allow the formation of valuable chiral heterocycles with quaternary stereocenters using a wide variety of electrophiles but also provides insight into the relationship between ligand structure, substrate, and cyclization selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Pan
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Ping
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Wangqing Kong
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
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19
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Sha X, Fang Y, Nie T, Qin S, Yang Y, Huang D, Ji F. Nickel-Catalyzed Reductive Dicarbofunctionalizations of Alkenes for the Synthesis of Difluorocarbonyl Oxindoles and Isoquinoline-1,3-diones. J Org Chem 2023; 88:4995-5006. [PMID: 36745403 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A novel and efficient strategy for the construction of difluorocarbonyl-oxindole and difluorocarbonyl-isoquinoline-1,3-dione derivatives involving nickel-catalyzed intramolecular Heck-type cyclizations followed by intermolecular cross-couplings has been developed. This approach features high functional group tolerance, broad substrate scope, and operational simplicity under mild conditions, thus providing a new method for the rapid difluorocarbonyl-functionalization of alkenes to construct the structurally diversified five- and six-membered heterocycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Sha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Yini Fang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Tian Nie
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Shiyu Qin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Dechun Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Fei Ji
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
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20
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Duan A, Xiao F, Lan Y, Niu L. Mechanistic views and computational studies on transition-metal-catalyzed reductive coupling reactions. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:9986-10015. [PMID: 36374254 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00371f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Transition-metal-catalyzed reductive coupling reactions have been considered as a powerful tool to convert two electrophiles into value-added products. Numerous related reports have shown the fascinating potential. Mechanistic studies, especially theoretical studies, can provide important implications for the design of novel reductive coupling reactions. In this review, we summarize the representative advancements in theoretical studies on transition-metal-catalyzed reductive coupling reactions and systematically elaborate the mechanisms for the key steps of reductive coupling reactions. The activation modes of electrophiles and the deep insights of selectivity generation are mechanistically discussed. In addition, the mechanism of the reduction of high-oxidation-state catalysts and further construction of new chemical bonds are also described in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abing Duan
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China.
| | - Fengjiao Xiao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China.
| | - Yu Lan
- Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China. .,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Linbin Niu
- Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
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21
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Ding Z, Kong W. Synthesis of Carbonyl-Containing Oxindoles via Ni-Catalyzed Reductive Aryl-Acylation and Aryl-Esterification of Alkenes. Molecules 2022; 27:5899. [PMID: 36144635 PMCID: PMC9503384 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27185899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbonyl-containing oxindoles are ubiquitous core structures present in many biologically active natural products and pharmaceutical molecules. Nickel-catalyzed reductive aryl-acylation of alkenes using aryl anhydrides or alkanoyl chlorides as acyl sources is developed, providing 3,3-disubstituted oxindoles bearing ketone functionality at the 3-position. Moreover, nickel-catalyzed reductive aryl-esterification of alkenes using chloroformate as ester sources is further developed, affording 3,3-disubstituted oxindoles bearing ester functionality at the 3-position. This strategy has the advantages of good yields and high functional group compatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wangqing Kong
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
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22
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Liu XL, Zhang YY, Li L, Tan LQ, Huang YA, Ma AJ, Peng JB. Palladium-Catalyzed Nucleophilic Reaction of Alkylidenecyclopropanes with β,γ-Unsaturated α-Ketoesters: Ligand-Controlled Divergent Synthesis. Org Lett 2022; 24:6692-6696. [PMID: 36069756 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c02839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A palladium-catalyzed ligand-controlled selective 1,4-addition and cycloaddition reaction of β,γ-unsaturated α-ketoesters with alkylidenecyclopropanes (ACPs) has been developed. Using ACPs and β,γ-unsaturated α-ketoesters as starting materials, γ-dienyl-α-ketoesters and dihydro-2H-pyrans could be prepared selectively by modulating the ligand. A range of multisubstituted α-ketoesters and dihydro-2H-pyrans were obtained in moderate to excellent yields with excellent regioselectivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Lian Liu
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, Guangdong 529020, PR China
| | - You-Ya Zhang
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, Guangdong 529020, PR China
| | - Lin Li
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, Guangdong 529020, PR China
| | - Lu-Qi Tan
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, Guangdong 529020, PR China
| | - Yin-Ai Huang
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, Guangdong 529020, PR China
| | - Ai-Jun Ma
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, Guangdong 529020, PR China
| | - Jin-Bao Peng
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, Guangdong 529020, PR China
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23
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Liu W, Liu C, Wang M, Kong W. Modular Synthesis of Multifunctionalized CF 3-Allenes through Selective Activation of Saturated Hydrocarbons. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c01521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenfeng Liu
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Chuhan Liu
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Minyan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Wangqing Kong
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
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24
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Yang G, Wu H, Gallarati S, Corminboeuf C, Wang Q, Zhu J. Migrative Carbofluorination of Saturated Amides Enabled by Pd-Based Dyotropic Rearrangement. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:14047-14052. [PMID: 35916403 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c06578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Directly editing an all-carbon quaternary carbon itself of nonstrained acyclic molecules remains underexploited despite the recent advances in the fields of both C-H and C-C bond activation. Herein, we report a palladium-catalyzed migrative carbofluorination of saturated amides enabled by the activation of both the C(sp3)-H and the Cquaternary-Cσ bonds. In this transformation, the α-quaternary carbon of Weinreb amides is converted to α-tertiary fluoride with concurrent migration of an aryl or an amido group from the α- to β-carbon. DFT calculations indicate that the dyotropic rearrangement proceeds through an unusual anti-selective [2.1.0] bicyclic transition state. The reaction, compatible with a broad range of functional groups, is stereospecific and is applicable to the synthesis of enantioenriched products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqiang Yang
- Laboratory of Synthesis and Natural Products (LSPN), Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL-SB-ISIC-LSPN, BCH5304, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Hua Wu
- Laboratory of Synthesis and Natural Products (LSPN), Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL-SB-ISIC-LSPN, BCH5304, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.,School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Simone Gallarati
- Laboratory for Computational Molecular Design (LCMD), Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Clémence Corminboeuf
- Laboratory for Computational Molecular Design (LCMD), Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Qian Wang
- Laboratory of Synthesis and Natural Products (LSPN), Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL-SB-ISIC-LSPN, BCH5304, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jieping Zhu
- Laboratory of Synthesis and Natural Products (LSPN), Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL-SB-ISIC-LSPN, BCH5304, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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25
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Jia XG, Yao QW, Shu XZ. Enantioselective Reductive N-Cyclization-Alkylation Reaction of Alkene-Tethered Oxime Esters and Alkyl Iodides by Nickel Catalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:13461-13467. [PMID: 35877185 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c05523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Asymmetric cross-electrophile difunctionalization of tethered alkenes has become a powerful tool for the production of chiral cyclic scaffolds; however, the current studies all focus on carbocyclization reactions. Herein, we report an N-cyclization-alkylation reaction and thus showcase the potential of heterocyclization for accessing new enantioenriched cyclic architectures. This work establishes a new approach for enantioselective aza-Heck cyclization/cross-coupling sequence, which remains a long-standing unsolved challenge for the synthetic community. The reaction proceeds with primary, secondary, and a few tertiary alkyl iodides, and the use of newly defined ligands gave highly enantioenriched pyrrolines with improved molecular diversity under mild conditions. The presence of imine functionality allows for further structural variations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Gong Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Qi-Wei Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xing-Zhong Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou 730000, China
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26
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Ma T, Li X, Ping Y, Kong W. Synthesis of
gem
‐Difluoroalkenes
via
Ni‐Catalyzed Three‐Component
Defluorinative Reductive
Cross‐Coupling
of Organohalides, Alkenes and Trifluoromethyl Alkenes. CHINESE J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202200277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Teng Ma
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Li
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Ping
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 People's Republic of China
| | - Wangqing Kong
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 People's Republic of China
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27
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Ping Y, Song H, Kong W. Recent Advances in Ni-Catalyzed Asymmetric Reductive Difunctionalization of Alkenes. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202205046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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