1
|
Song C, Bai X, Li B, Dang Y, Yu S. Photoexcited Palladium-Catalyzed Deracemization of Allenes. J Am Chem Soc 2024. [PMID: 39024194 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c07126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
The different enantiomers of specific chiral molecules frequently exhibit disparate biological, physiological, or pharmacological properties. Therefore, the efficient synthesis of single enantiomers is of particular importance not only to the pharmaceutical sector but also to other industrial sectors, such as agrochemical and fine chemical industries. Deracemization, a process during which a racemic mixture is converted into a nonracemic product with 100% atom economy and theoretical yield, is the most straightforward method to access enantioenriched molecules but a challenging task due to a decrease in entropy and microscopic reversibility. Axially chiral allenes bear a distinctive structure of two orthogonal cumulative π-systems and are acknowledged as synthetically versatile synthons in organic synthesis. The selective creation of axially chiral allenes with high optical purity under mild reaction conditions has always been a very popular and hot topic in organic synthesis but remains challenging. Herein, a photoexcited palladium-catalyzed deracemization of nonprefunctionalized disubstituted allenes is disclosed. This method provides an efficient and economical strategy to accommodate a broad scope of allenes with good enantioselectivities and yields (53 examples, up to 96% yield and 95% ee). The use of a suitable chiral palladium complex with visible light irradiation is an essential factor in achieving this transformation. A metal-to-ligand charge transfer mechanism was proposed based on control experiments and density functional theory calculations. Quantum mechanical studies implicate dual modes of asymmetric induction behind our new protocol: (1) sterically controlled stereoselective binding of one allene enantiomer under the ground-state and (2) facile, noncovalent interaction-driven excited-state isomerization toward the opposite enantiomer. The success of this newly established photochemical deracemization strategy should provide inspiration for expansion to other multisubstituted allenes and will open up a new mode for enantioselective excited-state palladium catalysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Changhua Song
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xiangbin Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Bo Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yanfeng Dang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Shouyun Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Liu L, Ren S, Yu S. Kinetic Resolution of N-Allylic Pyrazoles via Photoexcited Chiral Copper Complex-Catalyzed Alkene E → Z Isomerization. Org Lett 2024; 26:5232-5236. [PMID: 38869179 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we present an efficient and practical kinetic resolution (KR) of racemic allylic pyrazoles utilizing photoexcited chiral-copper-complex-mediated alkene E → Z isomerization. This method enables the synthesis of both enantioenriched E- and Z-allylic pyrazoles, achieving enantiomeric excesses (e.e.) of up to 97% and selectivity factors (S factors) as high as 217. Remarkably, the method's ability to furnish allylic pyrazoles with the Z-configuration, which is notably arduous to obtain under thermodynamic control, underscores the transformative potential of this synthetic protocol.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023 (China)
| | - Shiqi Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023 (China)
| | - Shouyun Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023 (China)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Huang H, Xu L, Zhang C, Cheng C, Chai Z, Yan H, Chen FE. Photoswitched Stereodivergent Synthesis of Allylic Sulfones. Org Lett 2024; 26:4916-4920. [PMID: 38821041 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
The present Letter demonstrates a photoswitched stereodivergent synthesis of allylic sulfones from sodium sulfinates, triphenylvinylphosphonium chloride, and (hetero)aromatic aldehydes in a single step. Mechanistically, cis-allylic sulfones, generated from the unstabilized ylide intermediates and aldehydes in situ, could be finally converted to trans-allylic sulfones via photochemical isomerization in the presence of a catalytic amount of bis(2-thienyl) ketone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huashan Huang
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, P. R. China
- Qingyuan Innovation Laboratory, Quanzhou 362801, P. R. China
| | - Liuhui Xu
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, P. R. China
- Qingyuan Innovation Laboratory, Quanzhou 362801, P. R. China
| | - Chunmei Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, P. R. China
- Qingyuan Innovation Laboratory, Quanzhou 362801, P. R. China
| | - Changwu Cheng
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, P. R. China
- Qingyuan Innovation Laboratory, Quanzhou 362801, P. R. China
| | - Zhi Chai
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, P. R. China
| | - Hong Yan
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, P. R. China
- Qingyuan Innovation Laboratory, Quanzhou 362801, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China
| | - Fen-Er Chen
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, P. R. China
- Qingyuan Innovation Laboratory, Quanzhou 362801, P. R. China
- Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
K P S, Russelisaac Premakumari S, Cho KB, Lee A. Hydrosulfonylation of Alkynes for Stereodivergent Synthesis of Vinyl Sulfones: Synthetic Strategy and Mechanistic Insights. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:14816-14828. [PMID: 38752975 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c03372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Direct synthesis of thermodynamically less favorable (Z)-vinyl sulfones presents a notable challenge in organic synthesis. In addition, the development of a stereodivergent synthesis for (E)- and (Z)-vinyl sulfones is crucial but remains elusive. In this study, we present a hydrosulfonylation of aryl-substituted alkynes, achieving a stereodivergent synthesis of (E)- and (Z)-vinyl sulfones by leveraging both thermodynamic and kinetic controls. Notably, the synthesis of challenging (Z)-vinyl sulfones was achieved through a kinetically controlled process without the need for a catalyst. To synthesize (E)-vinyl sulfones, unconventional visible light-mediated isomerization was employed as a means of facilitating the transition to the thermodynamically favored form. The present study encompasses a comprehensive experimental and computational investigation, which provides valuable insights into the reaction mechanism. This investigation reveals two plausible isomerization pathways: a novel double spin-flip mechanism and a hydrogen atom transfer process in the presence of eosin Y. This study not only advances our understanding of isomerization mechanisms beyond conventional energy-transfer routes but also offers a robust and switchable strategy for synthesizing (E)- and (Z)-vinyl sulfones, thereby providing a versatile avenue for the creation of valuable compounds in the fields of organic synthesis and medicinal chemistry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sujith K P
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Steiny Russelisaac Premakumari
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Bin Cho
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Anna Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Dutta S, Erchinger JE, Strieth-Kalthoff F, Kleinmans R, Glorius F. Energy transfer photocatalysis: exciting modes of reactivity. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:1068-1089. [PMID: 38168974 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00190c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Excited (triplet) states offer a myriad of attractive synthetic pathways, including cycloadditions, selective homolytic bond cleavages and strain-release chemistry, isomerizations, deracemizations, or the fusion with metal catalysis. Recent years have seen enormous advantages in enabling these reactivity modes through visible-light-mediated triplet-triplet energy transfer catalysis (TTEnT). This tutorial review provides an overview of this emerging strategy for synthesizing sought-after organic motifs in a mild, selective, and sustainable manner. Building on the photophysical foundations of energy transfer, this review also discusses catalyst design, as well as the challenges and opportunities of energy transfer catalysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Subhabrata Dutta
- University of Münster, Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Corrensstraße 36, 48149 Münster, Germany.
| | - Johannes E Erchinger
- University of Münster, Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Corrensstraße 36, 48149 Münster, Germany.
| | - Felix Strieth-Kalthoff
- University of Münster, Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Corrensstraße 36, 48149 Münster, Germany.
| | - Roman Kleinmans
- University of Münster, Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Corrensstraße 36, 48149 Münster, Germany.
| | - Frank Glorius
- University of Münster, Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Corrensstraße 36, 48149 Münster, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Qin J, Zhang Z, Lu Y, Zhu S, Chu L. Divergent 1,2-carboallylation of terminal alkynes enabled by metallaphotoredox catalysis with switchable triplet energy transfer. Chem Sci 2023; 14:12143-12151. [PMID: 37969584 PMCID: PMC10631246 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc04645a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
We report a metallaphotoredox strategy for stereodivergent three-component carboallylation of terminal alkynes with allylic carbonates and alkyl trifluoroborates. This redox-neutral dual catalytic protocol utilizes commercially available organic photocatalyst 4CzIPN and nickel catalysts to trigger a radical addition/alkenyl-allyl coupling sequence, enabling straightforward access to functionalized 1,4-dienes in a highly chemo-, regio-selective, and stereodivergent fashion. This reaction features a broad substrate generality and a tunable triplet energy transfer control with pyrene as a simple triplet energy modulator, offering a facile synthesis of complex trans- and cis-selective skipped dienes with the same set of readily available substrates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Qin
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Center for Advanced Low-Dimension Materials, Donghua University Shanghai 201620 China
| | - Zhuzhu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Center for Advanced Low-Dimension Materials, Donghua University Shanghai 201620 China
| | - Yi Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Center for Advanced Low-Dimension Materials, Donghua University Shanghai 201620 China
| | - Shengqing Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Center for Advanced Low-Dimension Materials, Donghua University Shanghai 201620 China
| | - Lingling Chu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Center for Advanced Low-Dimension Materials, Donghua University Shanghai 201620 China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ričko S, Bitsch RS, Kaasik M, Otevřel J, Højgaard Madsen M, Keimer A, Jørgensen KA. Enantioconvergent 6π Electrocyclization Enabled by Photoredox Racemization. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:20913-20926. [PMID: 37753541 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c06227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
This study presents a novel photoredox-enabled enantioconvergent catalytic strategy used to construct chiral 2H-1,3-benzoxazines via an unprecedented oxa-6π electrocyclization utilizing racemic α-substituted glycinates as substrates. The approach leverages a cobalt-based chiral Lewis acid catalyst, which promotes the transformation under thermal or photoredox conditions. While the thermal reaction selectively converts only the (S)-configured glycinates into enantioenriched 2H-1,3-benzoxazines (up to 96:4 e.r.), the addition of 0.5 mol % of a commercially available iridium photocatalyst under visible light irradiation transforms the reaction into an enantioconvergent process. Detailed mechanistic and time course studies of optically pure α-deuterated substrates revealed the presence of an enantiospecific kinetic isotope effect, which helped to clarify the role of both the photo- and chiral Lewis acid catalyst in the reaction sequence. In this dual catalytic system, the photocatalyst promotes a dynamic interconversion between the substrate enantiomers─a process not accessible via ground-state chemistry─while the chiral Lewis acid selectively transforms only the (S)-configured substrates. Further mechanistic evidence for the proposed mechanism is provided by linear free energy relationship analysis, which suggests that the stereodetermining step involves a 6π electrocyclization under both thermal and photoredox conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastijan Ričko
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
- Aarhus Institute of Advanced Studies, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - René Slot Bitsch
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Mikk Kaasik
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Jan Otevřel
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | | | - Anna Keimer
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kim S, Song SL, Zhang J, Kim D, Hong S, Chang S. Regio- and Enantioselective Catalytic δ-C-H Amidation of Dioxazolones Enabled by Open-Shell Copper-Nitrenoid Transfer. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:16238-16248. [PMID: 37462685 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c05258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Controlling regio- and enantioselectivity in C-H functionalization reactions is of paramount importance due to their versatile synthetic utilities. Herein, we describe a new approach for the asymmetric δ-C(sp3)-H amidation catalysis of dioxazolones using a Cu(I) precursor with a chiral bisoxazoline ligand to access six-membered lactams with high to excellent regio- and enantioselectivity (up to >19:1 rr and >99:1 er). Combined experimental and computational mechanistic studies unveiled that the open-shell character of the postulated Cu-nitrenoids enables the regioselective hydrogen atom abstraction and subsequent enantio-determining radical rebound of the resulting carbon radical intermediates. The synthetic utility of this asymmetric cyclization was demonstrated in the diastereoselective introduction of additional functional groups into the chiral δ-lactam skeleton as well as in the rapid access to biorelevant azacyclic compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suhyeon Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Se Lin Song
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Jianbo Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Dongwook Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Sungwoo Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Sukbok Chang
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Chen Q, Zhu Y, Shi X, Huang R, Jiang C, Zhang K, Liu G. Light-driven redox deracemization of indolines and tetrahydroquinolines using a photocatalyst coupled with chiral phosphoric acid. Chem Sci 2023; 14:1715-1723. [PMID: 36819858 PMCID: PMC9930931 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc06340a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The integration of oxidation and enantioselective reduction enables a redox deracemization to directly access enantioenriched products from their corresponding racemates. However, the solution of the kinetically microscopic reversibility of substrates used in this oxidation/reduction unidirectional event is a great challenge. To address this issue, we have developed a light-driven strategy to enable an efficient redox deracemization of cyclamines. The method combines a photocatalyst and a chiral phosphoric acid in a toluene/aqueous cyclodextrin emulsion biphasic co-solvent system to drive the cascade out-of-equilibrium. Systemic optimizations achieve a feasible oxidation/reduction cascade sequence, and mechanistic investigations demonstrate a unidirectional process. This single-operation cascade route, which involves initial photocatalyzed oxidation of achiral cyclamines to cyclimines and subsequent chiral phosphoric acid-catalyzed enantioselective reduction of cyclimines to chiral cyclamines, is suitable for constructing optically pure indolines and tetrahydroquinolines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qipeng Chen
- International Joint Laboratory on Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, Shanghai Normal University Shanghai 200234 P. R. China
| | - Yuanli Zhu
- International Joint Laboratory on Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, Shanghai Normal University Shanghai 200234 P. R. China
| | - Xujing Shi
- International Joint Laboratory on Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, Shanghai Normal University Shanghai 200234 P. R. China
| | - Renfu Huang
- International Joint Laboratory on Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, Shanghai Normal University Shanghai 200234 P. R. China
| | - Chuang Jiang
- International Joint Laboratory on Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, Shanghai Normal University Shanghai 200234 P. R. China
| | - Kun Zhang
- International Joint Laboratory on Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, Shanghai Normal University Shanghai 200234 P. R. China
| | - Guohua Liu
- International Joint Laboratory on Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, Shanghai Normal University Shanghai 200234 P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zhang H, He X, Yuan XA, Yu S. Kinetic Resolution of 2-Cinnamylpyrrolines Enabled by Photoexcited Chiral Copper Complex-Mediated Alkene E → Z Isomerization. ACS Catal 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c06183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xian He
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Xiang-Ai Yuan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Shouyun Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Beaudelot J, Oger S, Peruško S, Phan TA, Teunens T, Moucheron C, Evano G. Photoactive Copper Complexes: Properties and Applications. Chem Rev 2022; 122:16365-16609. [PMID: 36350324 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Photocatalyzed and photosensitized chemical processes have seen growing interest recently and have become among the most active areas of chemical research, notably due to their applications in fields such as medicine, chemical synthesis, material science or environmental chemistry. Among all homogeneous catalytic systems reported to date, photoactive copper(I) complexes have been shown to be especially attractive, not only as alternative to noble metal complexes, and have been extensively studied and utilized recently. They are at the core of this review article which is divided into two main sections. The first one focuses on an exhaustive and comprehensive overview of the structural, photophysical and electrochemical properties of mononuclear copper(I) complexes, typical examples highlighting the most critical structural parameters and their impact on the properties being presented to enlighten future design of photoactive copper(I) complexes. The second section is devoted to their main areas of application (photoredox catalysis of organic reactions and polymerization, hydrogen production, photoreduction of carbon dioxide and dye-sensitized solar cells), illustrating their progression from early systems to the current state-of-the-art and showcasing how some limitations of photoactive copper(I) complexes can be overcome with their high versatility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Beaudelot
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique, Service de Chimie et PhysicoChimie Organiques, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Avenue F. D. Roosevelt 50 - CP160/06, 1050Brussels, Belgium.,Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et Photochimie, Service de Chimie et PhysicoChimie Organiques, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Avenue F. D. Roosevelt 50 - CP160/08, 1050Brussels, Belgium
| | - Samuel Oger
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique, Service de Chimie et PhysicoChimie Organiques, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Avenue F. D. Roosevelt 50 - CP160/06, 1050Brussels, Belgium
| | - Stefano Peruško
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique, Service de Chimie et PhysicoChimie Organiques, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Avenue F. D. Roosevelt 50 - CP160/06, 1050Brussels, Belgium.,Organic Synthesis Division, Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Tuan-Anh Phan
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et Photochimie, Service de Chimie et PhysicoChimie Organiques, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Avenue F. D. Roosevelt 50 - CP160/08, 1050Brussels, Belgium
| | - Titouan Teunens
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et Photochimie, Service de Chimie et PhysicoChimie Organiques, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Avenue F. D. Roosevelt 50 - CP160/08, 1050Brussels, Belgium.,Laboratoire de Chimie des Matériaux Nouveaux, Université de Mons, Place du Parc 20, 7000Mons, Belgium
| | - Cécile Moucheron
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et Photochimie, Service de Chimie et PhysicoChimie Organiques, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Avenue F. D. Roosevelt 50 - CP160/08, 1050Brussels, Belgium
| | - Gwilherm Evano
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique, Service de Chimie et PhysicoChimie Organiques, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Avenue F. D. Roosevelt 50 - CP160/06, 1050Brussels, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Anti-Markovnikov ring-opening of sulfonium salts with alkynes by visible light/copper catalysis. Sci China Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-022-1373-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
13
|
Abstract
Creating, conserving and modifying the stereochemistry of organic compounds has been the subject of significant research efforts in synthetic chemistry. Most synthetic routes are designed according to the stereoselectivity-determining step. Stereochemical editing is an alternative strategy, wherein the chiral-defining or geometry-defining steps are independent of the construction of the major scaffold or complexity. It enables late-stage alterations of stereochemistry and can generate isomers from a single compound. However, in many instances, stereochemical editing processes are contra-thermodynamic, meaning the transformation is unfavourable. To overcome this barrier, photocatalysis uses photogenerated radical species and introduces thermochemical biases. A range of synthetically valuable contra-thermodynamic stereochemical editing processes have been invented, including deracemization of chiral molecules, positional alkene isomerization and dynamic epimerization of sugars and diols. In this Review, we highlight the fundamental mechanisms of visible-light photocatalysis and the general reactivity modes of the photogenerated radical intermediates towards contra-thermodynamic stereochemical editing processes.
Collapse
|
14
|
Sarkar S, Banerjee A, Shah JA, Mukherjee U, Frederiks NC, Johnson CJ, Ngai MY. Excited-State Copper-Catalyzed [4 + 1] Annulation Reaction Enables Modular Synthesis of α,β-Unsaturated-γ-Lactams. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:20884-20894. [PMID: 36326178 PMCID: PMC9754811 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c09006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis of α,β-unsaturated-γ-lactams continue to attract attention due to the importance of this structural motif in organic chemistry. Herein, we report the development of a visible-light-induced excited-state copper-catalyzed [4 + 1] annulation reaction for the preparation of a wide range of γ-H, -OH, and -OR-substituted α,β-unsaturated-γ-lactams using acrylamides as the 4-atom unit and aroyl chlorides as the 1-atom unit. This modular synthetic protocol features mild reaction conditions, broad substrate scope, and high functional group tolerance. The reaction is amenable to late-stage diversification of complex molecular architectures, including derivatives of marketed drugs. The products of the reaction can serve as versatile building blocks for further derivatization. Preliminary mechanistic studies suggest an inner-sphere catalytic cycle involving photoexcitation of the Cu(BINAP) catalyst, single-electron transfer, and capture of radical intermediates by copper species, followed by reductive elimination or protonation to give the desired γ-functionalized α,β-unsaturated-γ-lactams.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Satavisha Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York, 11794-3400, USA
| | - Arghya Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York, 11794-3400, USA
| | - Jagrut A. Shah
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York, 11794-3400, USA
| | - Upasana Mukherjee
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York, 11794-3400, USA
| | - Nicoline C. Frederiks
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York, 11794-3400, USA
| | - Christopher J. Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York, 11794-3400, USA
| | - Ming-Yu Ngai
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York, 11794-3400, USA
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York, 11794-3400 USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Jin W, Yu S. Photoexcited Palladium-Initiated Remote Desaturation of N-Alkoxypyridinium Salts. J Org Chem 2022; 87:14715-14722. [PMID: 36219516 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
1,5-Hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) is an effective strategy to achieve remote desaturation of nonfunctionalized alkanes. Herein, we report a photoinduced remote desaturation reaction of N-alkoxypyridinium salts, which serve as alkoxyl radical precursors. Mechanistic studies show that a single electron transfer between the excited palladium complex and a N-alkoxypyridinium salt initiates a radical chain process leading to desaturation of N-alkoxypyridinium salts. This chain mechanism is supported by the measurement of the quantum yield of this reaction (Φ = 82). This reaction is applicable to a range of N-alkoxypyridinium salts, including some complex molecule-derived ones.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Shouyun Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Ye Z, Gong L. Kinetic Resolution through Olefin E→ Z Isomerization Mediated by Excited Chiral Copper Complexes. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202200044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
17
|
Sun Y, Ma C, Li Z, Zhang J. Palladium/GF-Phos-catalyzed asymmetric carbenylative amination to access chiral pyrrolidines and piperidines. Chem Sci 2022; 13:11150-11155. [PMID: 36320471 PMCID: PMC9517724 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc03999k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The cross-coupling of N-tosylhydrazones has emerged as a powerful method for the construction of structurally diverse molecules, but the development of catalytic enantioselective versions still poses considerable challenges and only very limited examples have been reported. We herein report an asymmetric palladium/GF-Phos-catalyzed carbenylative amination reaction of N-tosylhydrazones and (E)-vinyl iodides pendent with amine, which allows facile access to a range of chiral pyrrolidines and piperidines in good yields (45–93%) with up to 96.5 : 3.5 er. Moreover, mild conditions, general substrate scope, scaled-up preparation, as well as the efficient synthesis of natural product (−)-norruspoline are practical features of this method. An efficient asymmetric palladium/GF-Phos-catalyzed carbenylative amination reaction to access structurally diverse chiral pyrrolidines and piperidines in good yields with high chemo-, regio- and enantioselectivities has been developed.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Chun Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Zhiming Li
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Junliang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China
- Zhuhai Fudan Innovation Institute, Hengqing District, Zhuhai 519000, China
| |
Collapse
|