1
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Hou H, Guo S, Shen X, Chen C, Chen X, Yu H, Han Y, Sun Q, Zhu S. Site-Specific Radical Alkylation of Aryl Cyanide: Visible-Light, Photoredox-Catalyzed, Three-Component Arylalkylation of [1.1.1]Propellane. Org Lett 2024; 26:7769-7773. [PMID: 39230003 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c02969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2024]
Abstract
We report herein a three-component radical arylalkylation of [1.1.1]propellane toward the synthesis of aryl-substituted bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane derivatives. The use of electron-deficient aryl cyanide as an aryl group source not only reduces the energy barrier of the arylation of the nucleophilic alkyl radical species, but also suppresses the electrophilic Friedel-Crafts alkylation process, enabling the present site-selective arylalkylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Hou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Shengkun Guo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xiaoyu Shen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Chengjun Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xiaoyun Chen
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212005, China
| | - Huaguang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, College of Optoelectronic Materials and Technology, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Ying Han
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Qiu Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Shaoqun Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
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2
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Li KR, He XC, Gao J, Liu YL, Chen HB, Xiang HY, Chen K, Yang H. Amine-Borane-Mediated, Nickel/Photoredox-Catalyzed Cross-Electrophile Coupling between Alkyl and Aryl Bromides. J Org Chem 2024; 89:12658-12667. [PMID: 39159404 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c01605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/21/2024]
Abstract
Nickel/photoredox catalysis has emerged as a powerful platform for exploring nontraditional and challenging cross-couplings. Herein, a metallaphotoredox catalytic protocol has been developed on the basis of a tertiary amine-ligated boryl radical-induced halogen atom transfer process under blue-light irradiation. A wide variety of aryl and heteroaryl bromides featuring different functional groups and pharmaceutical moieties were facilely coupled to rapidly install C(sp3)-enriched aromatic scaffolds. The compatibility of Lewis base-ligated borane with nickel catalysis was well exemplified to extend the chemical space for Ni-catalyzed cross-electrophile coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Rong Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Xian-Chen He
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Jie Gao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Yan-Ling Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Hong-Bin Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
- Jiangxi Time Chemical Company, Ltd., Fuzhou 344800, P. R. China
| | - Hao-Yue Xiang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Kai Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
- Xiangjiang Laboratory, Changsha 410205, China
| | - Hua Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
- Xiangjiang Laboratory, Changsha 410205, China
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3
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Zhu Y, Yi F, Zhou N, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Zhao X, Lu K. Photochemical tandem reaction of nitrogen containing heterocycles, bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane, and difluoroiodane(III) reagents. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:7024-7034. [PMID: 39143911 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob01020e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
A visible light-induced difluoroalkylation/heteroarylation of [1.1.1]propellane with nitrogen containing heterocycles and difluoroiodane(III) reagents was achieved. Various heteroarenes and difluoroiodane(III) reagents exhibited good compatibility, yielding the desired products in moderate to good yields. The accessibility of the reagents and the mild reaction conditions establish this method as an alternative and practical strategy for accessing diverse 1-difluoroalkyl-3-heteroaryl bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes (BCPs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqing Zhu
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Biotechnology, TianJin University of Science &Technology, TianJin 300457, China.
| | - Fengchao Yi
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Biotechnology, TianJin University of Science &Technology, TianJin 300457, China.
| | - Ningning Zhou
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Biotechnology, TianJin University of Science &Technology, TianJin 300457, China.
| | - Yi Zhang
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Biotechnology, TianJin University of Science &Technology, TianJin 300457, China.
| | - Ying Zhang
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Biotechnology, TianJin University of Science &Technology, TianJin 300457, China.
| | - Xia Zhao
- College of Chemistry, TianJin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules, TianJin Normal University, TianJin, 300387, China
| | - Kui Lu
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Biotechnology, TianJin University of Science &Technology, TianJin 300457, China.
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4
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Wang K, Cheng B, König B, Zhang D, Xu B, Wang S, Zhang G. Photocatalyzed 1,3-Bromodifluoroallylation of [1.1.1]Propellane with α-Trifluoromethylalkenes and KBr Salts. Org Lett 2024; 26:6889-6893. [PMID: 39106520 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c02476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/09/2024]
Abstract
Herein we unveil a visible-light-driven transition-metal-free 1,3-bromodifluoroallylation of [1.1.1]propellane. This reactivity is harnessed through organophotocatalysis, providing practical synthetic pathways to 1-brominated-3-gem-difluoroallylic bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane derivatives, particularly derived from readily available α-trifluoromethylalkenes and inexpensive KBr salts utilized as precursors for bromine radicals. Mechanistic investigations reveal that bromide anions quench the excited state of the photocatalyst, leading to the formation of bromine radicals, which react in a strain-release radical addition process rather than hydrogen atom abstraction with [1.1.1]propellane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiping Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Siwangting Road 180, 225002, Yangzhou, China
| | - Beiyi Cheng
- Fakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Burkhard König
- Fakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Duo Zhang
- Medicine Center, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liushi Road 257, 545006, Liuzhou, Guangxi, China
| | - Bingxin Xu
- Medicine Center, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liushi Road 257, 545006, Liuzhou, Guangxi, China
| | - Shuli Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Siwangting Road 180, 225002, Yangzhou, China
| | - Guodong Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Siwangting Road 180, 225002, Yangzhou, China
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5
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Liu YL, He XC, Gao J, Li KR, Chen K, Xiang HY, Yang H. Visible Light-Induced, Nickel-Catalyzed Late-Stage 4-Alkylation of Hantzsch Esters with Alkyl Bromide. J Org Chem 2024; 89:10987-10997. [PMID: 39037887 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c01422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
Herein, visible light-induced, nickel-catalyzed direct functionalization of the Hantzsch esters (HEs) with readily accessible alkyl bromides has been successfully achieved by taking advantage of HE as the reductant and substrate through an aromatization-dearomatization process. In this strategy, the single electron reduction of alkyl bromides by reactive Ni(I) species is essential for the success of this late-stage transformation. A wide range of 4-alkyl-1,4-dihydropyridines were rapidly assembled in moderate to good yields under mild conditions, rendering this photoinduced approach attractive for synthetic and medicinal chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ling Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Xian-Chen He
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Jie Gao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Ke-Rong Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Kai Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Hao-Yue Xiang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Hua Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, P. R. China
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6
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Zhu S, Tian X, Li SW. Intermolecular Formal [2π + 2σ] Cycloaddition of Enol Silyl Ethers with Bicyclo[1.1.0]butanes Promoted by Lewis Acids. Org Lett 2024; 26:6309-6313. [PMID: 39041658 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
Silyl enol ethers react with bicyclo[1.1.0]butanes (BCBs) through Yb(OTf)3-promoted formal [2π + 2σ] cycloaddition reactions to furnish bicyclo[2.1.1]hexanes (BCHs). This new reaction tolerated a wide range of enol silyl ethers and BCBs. Furthermore, the amplification experiments and synthetic transformations of the cycloaddition compounds further highlighted their practicality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijie Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Tian
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, People's Republic of China
| | - Shi-Wu Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, People's Republic of China
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7
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Jiang Q, Dong J, Wang C, Li F, Zhou X, Wang Y, Liao H, Dang J, Li G, Xue D. Light-Induced, Cs 2CO 3 Promoted C-S Cleavage of Heteroaryl Sulfones for Benzyl Heteroarylation of [1.1.1]Propellane. Org Lett 2024; 26:6230-6235. [PMID: 39011564 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c02171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we developed a light-induced difunctionalization of [1.1.1]propellane with heteroaryl sulfones acting as difunctional reagents, allowing the introduction of alkyl and heteroaryl units across bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane frameworks. It features a broad substrate scope and can be used to functionalize structurally complex natural products. Mechanistic investigations indicate the Cs2CO3 promoted homolytic cleavage of heteroaryl sulfone C-S bonds by light. Moreover, the benzothiazolyl moiety in the products can serve as a formyl precursor, indicating the robust transformability of the products, owing to the ability of aldehydes to undergo a wide variety of organic transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianyang Dong
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenya Wang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Li
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuechen Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, People's Republic of China
| | - Huijuan Liao
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiayi Dang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Li
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Xue
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, People's Republic of China
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8
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Kim C, Kim Y, Hong S. 1,3-Difunctionalization of [1.1.1]propellane through iron-hydride catalyzed hydropyridylation. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5993. [PMID: 39013909 PMCID: PMC11252317 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50356-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Current methodologies for the functionalization of [1.1.1]propellane primarily focus on achieving 1, 3-difunctionalized bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane or ring-opened cyclobutane moiety. Herein, we report an innovative approach for the 1, 3-difunctionalization of [1.1.1]propellane, enabling access to a diverse range of highly functionalized cyclobutanes via nucleophilic attack followed by ring opening and iron-hydride hydrogen atom transfer. To enable this method, we developed an efficient iron-catalyzed hydropyridylation of various alkenes for C - H alkylation of pyridines at the C4 position, eliminating the need for stoichiometric quantities of oxidants or reductants. Mechanistic investigations reveal that the resulting N-centered radical serves as an effective oxidizing agent, facilitating single-electron transfer oxidation of the reduced iron catalyst. This process efficiently sustains the catalytic cycle, offering significant advantages for substrates with oxidatively sensitive functionalities that are generally incompatible with alternative approaches. The strategy presented herein is not only mechanistically compelling but also demonstrates broad versatility, highlighting its potential for late-stage functionalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changha Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Yuhyun Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Sungwoo Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea.
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, Korea.
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9
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Pearson JW, Hou TR, Golijanin J, Stewart PI, Choi ES, Gabbey AL, West MS, Rousseaux SAL. Ni-Catalyzed Reductive 1,2-Alkylarylation of Alkenes for the Synthesis of Spirocyclic γ-Lactams. Org Lett 2024; 26:5560-5565. [PMID: 38915176 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
An intermolecular nickel-catalyzed reductive 1,2-alkylarylation of acrylates with cyclopropylamine NHP esters and aryl iodides is reported. This operationally simple protocol provides direct access to 1-alkylcyclopropylamine scaffolds. The mild conditions are compatible with four-membered α-amino strained rings as well as five- and six-membered ring systems. The products undergo cyclization to access α-arylated spirocyclic γ-lactams─a motif present in several pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- James W Pearson
- Davenport Research Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Teh Ren Hou
- Davenport Research Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Jelena Golijanin
- Davenport Research Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Patricia I Stewart
- Davenport Research Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Eun Seo Choi
- Davenport Research Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Alexis L Gabbey
- Davenport Research Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Michael S West
- Davenport Research Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Sophie A L Rousseaux
- Davenport Research Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
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10
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Silvi E, Wei WJ, Johansson MJ, Himo F, Mendoza A. Uncatalyzed Diboron Activation by a Strained Hydrocarbon: Experimental and Theoretical Study of [1.1.1]Propellane Diborylation. Chemistry 2024:e202402152. [PMID: 38940291 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202402152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
The synthesis of strained carbocyclic building blocks is relevant for Medicinal Chemistry, and methylenecyclobutanes are particularly challenging with current synthetic technology. Careful inspection of the reactivity of [1.1.1]propellane and diboron reagents has revealed that bis(catecholato)diboron (B2cat2) can produce a bis(borylated) methylenecyclobutane in a few minutes at room temperature. This reaction constitutes the first example of B-B bond activation by a special apolar hydrocarbon and also the first time that propellane is electrophilically activated by boron. Mechanistic studies including in situ NMR kinetics and DFT calculations demonstrate that the diboron moiety can be directly activated through coordination with the inverted sigma bond of propellane, and reveal that DMF is involved in the stabilization of diboronate ylide intermediates rather than the activation of the B-B bond. These results enable new possibilities for both diboron and propellane chemistry, and for further developments in the synthesis of methylenecyclobutanes based on propellane strain release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Silvi
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, 10691, Stockholm, Sweden
- Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (eCVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Pepparedsleden 1, 431 83, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Wen-Jie Wei
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, 10691, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Magnus J Johansson
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, 10691, Stockholm, Sweden
- Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (eCVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Pepparedsleden 1, 431 83, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Fahmi Himo
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, 10691, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Abraham Mendoza
- Institute of Molecular Science (ICMol), University of Valencia, Calle Catedrático José Beltrán, 2, 46980, Paterna, Spain
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11
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Liang Y, Nematswerani R, Daniliuc CG, Glorius F. Silver-Enabled Cycloaddition of Bicyclobutanes with Isocyanides for the Synthesis of Polysubstituted 3-Azabicyclo[3.1.1]heptanes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202402730. [PMID: 38441241 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202402730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Synthesis of bicyclic scaffolds has emerged as an important research topic in modern drug development because they can serve as saturated bioisosters to enhance the physicochemical properties and metabolic profiles of drug candidates. Here we report a remarkably simple silver-enabled strategy to access polysubstituted 3-azabicyclo[3.1.1]heptanes in a single operation from readily accessible bicyclobutanes (BCBs) and isocyanides. The process is proposed to involve a formal (3+3)/(3+2)/retro-(3+2) cycloaddition sequence. This novel protocol allows for rapid generation of molecular complexity from simple starting materials, and the products can be easily derivatized, further enriching the BCB cycloaddition chemistry and the growing set of valuable sp3-rich bicyclic building blocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Liang
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Ronewa Nematswerani
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Constantin G Daniliuc
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Frank Glorius
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149, Münster, Germany
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12
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Cuadros S, Paut J, Anselmi E, Dagousset G, Magnier E, Dell'Amico L. Light-Driven Synthesis and Functionalization of Bicycloalkanes, Cubanes and Related Bioisosteres. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202317333. [PMID: 38179801 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202317333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Bicycloalkanes, cubanes and their structural analogues have emerged as bioisosteres of (hetero)arenes. To meet increasing demand, the chemical community has developed a plethora of novel synthetic methods. In this review, we assess the progress made in the field of light-driven construction and functionalization of such relevant molecules. We have focused on diverse structural targets, as well as on reaction processes giving access to: (i) [1.1.1]-bicyclopentanes (BCPs); (ii) [2.2.1]-bicyclohexanes (BCHs); (iii) [3.1.1]-bicycloheptanes (BCHeps); and (iv) cubanes; as well as other structurally related scaffolds. Finally, future perspectives dealing with the identification of novel reaction manifolds to access new functionalized bioisosteric units are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Cuadros
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Francesco Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Julien Paut
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Francesco Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
- Institut Lavoisier de Versailles, University of Paris-Saclay, 45 Avenue des Etats-Unis, 78035, Versailles, France
| | - Elsa Anselmi
- Institut Lavoisier de Versailles, University of Paris-Saclay, 45 Avenue des Etats-Unis, 78035, Versailles, France
- Université de Tours, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, 37200, Tours, France
| | - Guillaume Dagousset
- Institut Lavoisier de Versailles, University of Paris-Saclay, 45 Avenue des Etats-Unis, 78035, Versailles, France
| | - Emmanuel Magnier
- Institut Lavoisier de Versailles, University of Paris-Saclay, 45 Avenue des Etats-Unis, 78035, Versailles, France
| | - Luca Dell'Amico
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Francesco Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
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13
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Zhang J, Su JY, Zheng H, Li H, Deng WP. Eu(OTf) 3 -Catalyzed Formal Dipolar [4π+2σ] Cycloaddition of Bicyclo-[1.1.0]butanes with Nitrones: Access to Polysubstituted 2-Oxa-3-azabicyclo[3.1.1]heptanes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202318476. [PMID: 38288790 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202318476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we have synthesized multifunctionalized 2-oxa-3-azabicyclo[3.1.1]heptanes, which are considered potential bioisosteres for meta-substituted arenes, through Eu(OTf)3 -catalyzed formal dipolar [4π+2σ] cycloaddition of bicyclo[1.1.0]butanes with nitrones. This methodology represents the initial instance of fabricating bicyclo[3.1.1]heptanes adorned with multiple heteroatoms. The protocol exhibits both mild reaction conditions and a good tolerance for various functional groups. Computational density functional theory calculations support that the reaction mechanism likely involves a nucleophilic addition of nitrones to bicyclo[1.1.0]butanes, succeeded by an intramolecular cyclization. The synthetic utility of this novel protocol has been demonstrated in the concise synthesis of the analogue of Rupatadine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua, 321004, China
| | - Jia-Yi Su
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Hanliang Zheng
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua, 321004, China
| | - Hao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Wei-Ping Deng
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua, 321004, China
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14
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Gesmundo NJ, Rago AJ, Young JM, Keess S, Wang Y. At the Speed of Light: The Systematic Implementation of Photoredox Cross-Coupling Reactions for Medicinal Chemistry Research. J Org Chem 2024. [PMID: 38442262 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
The adoption of new and emerging techniques in organic synthesis is essential to promote innovation in drug discovery. In this Perspective, we detail the strategy we used for the systematic deployment of photoredox-mediated, metal-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions in AbbVie's medicinal chemistry organization, focusing on topics such as assessment, evaluation, implementation, and accessibility. The comprehensive evaluation of photoredox reaction setups and published methods will be discussed, along with internal efforts to build expertise and photoredox high-throughput experimentation capabilities. We also highlight AbbVie's academic-industry collaborations in this field that have been leveraged to develop new synthetic strategies, along with discussing the internal adoption of photoredox cross-coupling reactions. The work described herein has culminated in robust photocatalysis and cross-coupling capabilities which are viewed as key platforms for medicinal chemistry research at AbbVie.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan J Gesmundo
- Advanced Chemistry Technologies Group, Small Molecule Therapeutics & Platform Technologies, AbbVie, Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Alexander J Rago
- Advanced Chemistry Technologies Group, Small Molecule Therapeutics & Platform Technologies, AbbVie, Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Jonathon M Young
- Advanced Chemistry Technologies Group, Small Molecule Therapeutics & Platform Technologies, AbbVie, Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Sebastian Keess
- Global Medicinal Chemistry, Small Molecule Therapeutics & Platform Technologies, AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, 67061 Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Ying Wang
- Advanced Chemistry Technologies Group, Small Molecule Therapeutics & Platform Technologies, AbbVie, Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
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15
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Liashuk OS, Ryzhov IA, Hryshchuk OV, Volovenko YM, Grygorenko OO. [3+2] Cycloaddition of Alkynyl Boronates and in situ Generated Azomethine Ylide. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202303504. [PMID: 38059680 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Scalable [3+2] cycloaddition of alkynyl boronates and in situ generated unstabilized azomethine ylide is reported for the first time. The selective formation of either 1 : 1 or 1 : 2 cycloaddition products was achieved by carefully optimizing the reaction conditions, mainly by controlling the reactant stoichiometry, catalyst loading, and internal temperature. The developed protocol tolerated many valuable functional groups, including TMS, protected alcohol (as ether or THP derivatives), or aldehyde (as acetal). Further common C-C and C-heteroatom bond-forming reactions, as well as scaled-up procedures demonstrate the utility of the prepared compounds as building blocks for organic synthesis and drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleksandr S Liashuk
- Enamine Ltd., Winston Churchill Street 78, Kyїv, 02094, Ukraine
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska Street 60, Kyїv, 01601, Ukraine
| | - Ihor A Ryzhov
- Enamine Ltd., Winston Churchill Street 78, Kyїv, 02094, Ukraine
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska Street 60, Kyїv, 01601, Ukraine
| | - Oleksandr V Hryshchuk
- Enamine Ltd., Winston Churchill Street 78, Kyїv, 02094, Ukraine
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska Street 60, Kyїv, 01601, Ukraine
| | - Yulian M Volovenko
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska Street 60, Kyїv, 01601, Ukraine
| | - Oleksandr O Grygorenko
- Enamine Ltd., Winston Churchill Street 78, Kyїv, 02094, Ukraine
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska Street 60, Kyїv, 01601, Ukraine
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16
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Liashuk OS, Andriashvili VA, Tolmachev AO, Grygorenko OO. Chemoselective Reactions of Functionalized Sulfonyl Halides. CHEM REC 2024; 24:e202300256. [PMID: 37823680 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202300256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Chemoselective transformations of functionalized sulfonyl fluorides and chlorides are surveyed comprehensively. It is shown that sulfonyl fluorides provide an excellent selectivity control in their reactions. Thus, numerous conditions are tolerated by the SO2 F group - from amide and ester formation to directed ortho-lithiation and transition-metal-catalyzed cross-couplings. Meanwhile, sulfur (VI) fluoride exchange (SuFEx) is also compatible with numerous functional groups, thus confirming its title of "another click reaction". On the contrary, with a few exceptions, most transformations of functionalized sulfonyl chlorides typically occur at the SO2 Cl moiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleksandr S Liashuk
- Enamine Ltd. (www.enamine.net), Winston Churchill Street 78, Kyїv, 02094, Ukraine
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska Street 60, Kyїv, 01601, Ukraine
| | - Vladyslav A Andriashvili
- Enamine Ltd. (www.enamine.net), Winston Churchill Street 78, Kyїv, 02094, Ukraine
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska Street 60, Kyїv, 01601, Ukraine
| | - Andriy O Tolmachev
- Enamine Ltd. (www.enamine.net), Winston Churchill Street 78, Kyїv, 02094, Ukraine
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska Street 60, Kyїv, 01601, Ukraine
| | - Oleksandr O Grygorenko
- Enamine Ltd. (www.enamine.net), Winston Churchill Street 78, Kyїv, 02094, Ukraine
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska Street 60, Kyїv, 01601, Ukraine
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17
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Chang YC, Salome C, Fessard T, Brown MK. Synthesis of 2-Azanorbornanes via Strain-Release Formal Cycloadditions Initiated by Energy Transfer. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202314700. [PMID: 37963812 PMCID: PMC10760907 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202314700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Rigid bicycles are becoming more popular in the pharmaceutical industry because they allow for expansion to new and unique chemical spaces. This work describes a new strategy to construct 2-azanorbornanes, which can act as rigid piperidine/pyrrolidine scaffolds with well-defined exit vectors. To achieve the synthesis of 2-azanorbornanes, new strain-release reagent, azahousane, is introduced along with its photosensitized strain-release formal cycloaddition with alkenes. Furthermore, new reactivity between a housane and an imine is disclosed. Both strategies lead to various substituted 2-azanorbornanes with good selectivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Che Chang
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Ave. Bloomington, IN, 47401, USA
| | - Christophe Salome
- SpiroChem AG, Rosental area, WRO-1047-3, Mattenstrasse 22, 4058, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Fessard
- SpiroChem AG, Rosental area, WRO-1047-3, Mattenstrasse 22, 4058, Basel, Switzerland
| | - M Kevin Brown
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Ave. Bloomington, IN, 47401, USA
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18
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Bai Z, Lansbergen B, Ritter T. Bicyclopentylation of Alcohols with Thianthrenium Reagents. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:25954-25961. [PMID: 38010346 PMCID: PMC10704608 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c10024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Herein we present the first method for the synthesis of bicyclo[1.1.1]pentyl (BCP) alkyl ethers from alcohols. The reaction uses BCP-thianthrenium reagents and is catalyzed by a dual copper/photoredox catalyst system. Unlike known alkylations of tertiary alcohols via carbocation intermediates, our Cu-mediated radical process circumvents the labile BCP carbocations. The approach demonstrates a broad tolerance for functional groups when applied to primary, secondary, and even tertiary alcohols. In addition, we highlight the utility of this method in late-stage functionalizations of both natural products and pharmaceuticals as well as in the rapid construction of BCP analogs of known pharmaceuticals that would otherwise be difficult to access.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zibo Bai
- Max-Planck-Institut für
Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Beatrice Lansbergen
- Max-Planck-Institut für
Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Tobias Ritter
- Max-Planck-Institut für
Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
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19
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Tang L, Xiao Y, Wu F, Zhou JL, Xu TT, Feng JJ. Silver-Catalyzed Dearomative [2π+2σ] Cycloadditions of Indoles with Bicyclobutanes: Access to Indoline Fused Bicyclo[2.1.1]hexanes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202310066. [PMID: 37822277 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202310066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Bicyclo[2.1.1]hexanes (BCHs) are becoming ever more important in drug design and development as bridged scaffolds that provide underexplored chemical space, but are difficult to access. Here a silver-catalyzed dearomative [2π+2σ] cycloaddition strategy for the synthesis of indoline fused BCHs from N-unprotected indoles and bicyclobutane precursors is described. The strain-release dearomative cycloaddition operates under mild conditions, tolerating a wide range of functional groups. It is capable of forming BCHs with up to four contiguous quaternary carbon centers, achieving yields of up to 99 %. In addition, a scale-up experiment and the synthetic transformations of the cycloadducts further highlighted the synthetic utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University Changsha, Hunan, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Yuanjiu Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University Changsha, Hunan, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Feng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University Changsha, Hunan, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Jin-Lan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University Changsha, Hunan, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Tong-Tong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University Changsha, Hunan, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Jun Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University Changsha, Hunan, 410082, P. R. China
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20
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Wang A, Yin YY, Rukhsana, Wang LQ, Jin JH, Shen YM. Visible-Light-Mediated Three-Component Decarboxylative Coupling Reactions to Synthesize 1,4-Diol Monoethers. J Org Chem 2023; 88:13871-13882. [PMID: 37683099 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
An efficient approach for 1,2-difunctionalization of aromatic olefins and the synthesis of functionalized 1,4-diols monoethers has been established via a photoinduced three-component reaction of an α-alkoxycarboxylic acid, an aromatic olefin, and an aldehyde. The reaction proceeds by photoinduced oxidative decarboxylation of the carboxylic acid followed by the addition of the α-alkoxyalkyl radical to the olefin, one-electron reduction of the addition radical, and the nucleophilic attack of the resulting carbanion to the aldehyde. Besides the convenient one-pot protocol of the three-component reaction, this method offers several other advantages, including good functional group tolerance for the three substrates, gentle reaction conditions, and ease of scaling up. The reaction mechanism has been investigated through free radical trapping experiment and isotope labeling experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Yun Yin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, P.R. China
- Zhejiang Sci-Tech University Shengzhou Innovation Research Institute, Shengzhou 312400, P.R. China
| | - Rukhsana
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, P.R. China
| | - Le-Quan Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, P.R. China
| | - Jia-Hui Jin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, P.R. China
| | - Yong-Miao Shen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, P.R. China
- Zhejiang Sci-Tech University Shengzhou Innovation Research Institute, Shengzhou 312400, P.R. China
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21
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Yasukawa T, Håheim KS, Cossy J. Synthesis of 1,3-disubstituted bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes by cross-coupling induced by transition metals - formation of C-C bonds. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:7666-7680. [PMID: 37702418 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01036h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of 1,3-disubstituted bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes (BCPs), by forming a C-C bond, can be achieved by cross-coupling reactions using transition metal catalysts. Two main strategies are described to access these 1,3-disubstituted BCPs, either from nucleophilic BCPs or electrophilic BCPs. Mechanisms are included where relevant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Yasukawa
- Molecular, Macromolecular Chemistry, and Materials, ESPCI Paris - PSL, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - Katja S Håheim
- Molecular, Macromolecular Chemistry, and Materials, ESPCI Paris - PSL, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - Janine Cossy
- Molecular, Macromolecular Chemistry, and Materials, ESPCI Paris - PSL, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France.
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22
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Abstract
The concept of strain in organic compounds is as old as modern organic chemistry and was initially introduced to justify the synthetic setbacks along the synthesis of small ring systems (pars construens of strain). In the last decades, chemists have developed an arsenal of strain-release reactions (pars destruens of strain) which can generate─with significant driving force─rigid aliphatic systems that can act as three-dimensional alternatives to (hetero)arenes. Photocatalysis added an additional dimension to strain-release processes by leveraging the energy of photons to create chemical complexity under mild conditions. This perspective presents the latest advancements in strain-release photocatalysis─with emphases on mechanisms, catalytic cycles, and current limitations─the unique chemical architectures that can be produced, and possible future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Bellotti
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York 10021, New York United States
| | - Frank Glorius
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
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23
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Dibchak D, Snisarenko M, Mishuk A, Shablykin O, Bortnichuk L, Klymenko-Ulianov O, Kheylik Y, Sadkova IV, Rzepa HS, Mykhailiuk PK. General Synthesis of 3-Azabicyclo[3.1.1]heptanes and Evaluation of Their Properties as Saturated Isosteres. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202304246. [PMID: 37232421 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202304246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A general approach to 3-azabicyclo[3.1.1]heptanes by reduction of spirocyclic oxetanyl nitriles was developed. The mechanism, scope, and scalability of this transformation were studied. The core was incorporated into the structure of the antihistamine drug Rupatidine instead of the pyridine ring, which led to a dramatic improvement in physicochemical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Artem Mishuk
- Enamine Ltd., Chervonotkatska 60, 02094, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Oleh Shablykin
- Enamine Ltd., Chervonotkatska 60, 02094, Kyiv, Ukraine
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Akademika Kukharya, 1, 02094, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | | | | | | | | | - Henry S Rzepa
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus, Imperial College London, 82 Wood Lane, London, W12 0BZ, UK
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24
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Liang Y, Paulus F, Daniliuc CG, Glorius F. Catalytic Formal [2π+2σ] Cycloaddition of Aldehydes with Bicyclobutanes: Expedient Access to Polysubstituted 2-Oxabicyclo[2.1.1]hexanes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202305043. [PMID: 37307521 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202305043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Synthesis of bicyclic scaffolds has attracted tremendous attention because they are playing an important role as saturated bioisosteres of benzenoids in modern drug discovery. Here, we report a BF3 -catalyzed [2π+2σ] cycloaddition of aldehydes with bicyclo[1.1.0]butanes (BCBs) to access polysubstituted 2-oxabicyclo[2.1.1]hexanes. A new kind of BCB containing an acyl pyrazole group was invented, which not only significantly facilitates the reactions, but can also serve as a handle for diverse downstream transformations. Furthermore, aryl and vinyl epoxides can also be utilized as substrates which undergo cycloaddition with BCBs after in situ rearrangement to aldehydes. We anticipate that our results will promote access to challenging sp3 -rich bicyclic frameworks and the exploration of BCB-based cycloaddition chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Liang
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Fritz Paulus
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Constantin G Daniliuc
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Frank Glorius
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149, Münster, Germany
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25
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Shire B, Anderson EA. Conquering the Synthesis and Functionalization of Bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes. JACS AU 2023; 3:1539-1553. [PMID: 37388694 PMCID: PMC10301682 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.3c00014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes (BCPs) have become established as attractive bioisosteres for para-substituted benzene rings in drug design. Conferring various beneficial properties compared with their aromatic "parents," BCPs featuring a wide array of bridgehead substituents can now be accessed by an equivalent variety of methods. In this perspective, we discuss the evolution of this field and focus on the most enabling and general methods for BCPs synthesis, considering both scope and limitation. Recent breakthroughs on the synthesis of bridge-substituted BCPs are described, as well as methodologies for postsynthesis functionalization. We further explore new challenges and directions for the field, such as the emergence of other rigid small ring hydrocarbons and heterocycles possessing unique substituent exit vectors.
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26
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Huang W, Keess S, Molander GA. A General and Practical Route to Functionalized Bicyclo[1.1.1]Pentane-Heteroaryls Enabled by Photocatalytic Multicomponent Heteroarylation of [1.1.1]Propellane. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202302223. [PMID: 37059692 PMCID: PMC10247404 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202302223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
1-Aryl-substituted bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes (BCPs) are an important class of BCP derivatives with widespread application in drug development. Most syntheses of these materials require multiple chemical steps via BCP electrophiles or nucleophiles derived from [1.1.1]propellane. Although one-step, multicomponent radical cross-coupling reactions could provide a more sustainable and rapid route to access diverse heteroarylated BCPs, current approaches are limited to tertiary alkyl radicals, leading to a decrease in their practical value. In this study, a conceptually different approach enabled by a radical multicomponent heteroarylation of [1.1.1]propellane to access functionalized heteroarylated BCPs is described. Importantly, this protocol is compatible with primary-, secondary-, and tertiary aliphatic radicals, as well as various fluoroalkyl radical sources, thus enabling rapid library generation of sought-after BCP derivatives for drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weichen Huang
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6323, USA
| | - Sebastian Keess
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Neuroscience Discovery Research, AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, 67061, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Gary A Molander
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6323, USA
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27
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Denisenko A, Garbuz P, Voloshchuk NM, Holota Y, Al-Maali G, Borysko P, Mykhailiuk PK. 2-Oxabicyclo[2.1.1]hexanes as saturated bioisosteres of the ortho-substituted phenyl ring. Nat Chem 2023:10.1038/s41557-023-01222-0. [PMID: 37277469 PMCID: PMC10396955 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-023-01222-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The ortho-substituted phenyl ring is a basic structural element in chemistry. It is found in more than three hundred drugs and agrochemicals. During the past decade, scientists have tried to replace the phenyl ring in bioactive compounds with saturated bioisosteres to obtain novel patentable structures. However, most of the research in this area has been devoted to the replacement of the para-substituted phenyl ring. Here we have developed saturated bioisosteres of the ortho-substituted phenyl ring with improved physicochemical properties: 2-oxabicyclo[2.1.1]hexanes. Crystallographic analysis revealed that these structures and the ortho-substituted phenyl ring indeed have similar geometric properties. Replacement of the phenyl ring in marketed agrochemicals fluxapyroxad (BASF) and boscalid (BASF) with 2-oxabicyclo[2.1.1]hexanes dramatically improved their water solubility, reduced lipophilicity and most importantly retained bioactivity. This work suggests an opportunity for chemists to replace the ortho-substituted phenyl ring in bioactive compounds with saturated bioisosteres in medicinal chemistry and agrochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Galeb Al-Maali
- Bienta, Kyiv, Ukraine
- M.G. Kholodny Institute of Botany of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
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28
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Liao K, Chan CY, Liu S, Zhang X, Chen J, Huang Y. Photoredox Cleavage of a C sp3-C sp3 Bond in Aromatic Hydrocarbons. J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 37216226 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c02745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Functionalizing molecules through the selective cleavage of carbon-carbon bonds is an attractive approach in synthetic chemistry. Despite recent advances in both transition-metal catalysis and radical chemistry, the selective cleavage of inert Csp3-Csp3 bonds in hydrocarbon feedstocks remains challenging. Examples reported in the literature typically involve substrates containing redox functional groups or highly strained molecules. In this article, we present a straightforward protocol for the cleavage and functionalization of Csp3-Csp3 bonds in alkylbenzenes using photoredox catalysis. Our method employs two distinct bond scission pathways. For substrates with tertiary benzylic substituents, a carbocation-coupled electron transfer mechanism is prevalent. For substrates with primary or secondary benzylic substituents, a triple single-electron oxidation cascade is applicable. Our strategy offers a practical means of cleaving inert Csp3-Csp3 bonds in molecules without any heteroatoms, resulting in primary, secondary, tertiary, and benzylic radical species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Cho Ying Chan
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Siqi Liu
- Pingshan Translational Medicine Center, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518118, China
| | - Xinhao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Pingshan Translational Medicine Center, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518118, China
| | - Jiean Chen
- Pingshan Translational Medicine Center, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518118, China
| | - Yong Huang
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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29
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Dong W, Keess S, Molander GA. Nickel-Mediated Alkyl-, Acyl-, and Sulfonylcyanation of [1.1.1]Propellane. CHEM CATALYSIS 2023; 3:100608. [PMID: 37840854 PMCID: PMC10572913 DOI: 10.1016/j.checat.2023.100608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
The replacement of traditional functional groups with polycyclic scaffolds has been increasingly rewarding in medicinal chemistry programs. Over the decades, 1,3-disubstituted bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes (BCPs) have demonstrated the potential for being competent bioisosteres for aryl-, alkyl- and alkynyl substructures. Although highly desired, mild and versatile synthetic methods to access synthetically valuable BCP-containing building blocks remain limited. Herein, a versatile way to access bridgehead substituted BCP nitriles, a useful BCP building block, is described, enabled by the unexpected selectivity of nickel in the multi-component radical cyanation. Commodity materials including carboxylic acids, amines, sulfonyl chlorides, and alkyl chlorides are engaged to provide a broad spectrum of substituted BCP nitriles in a single-step, multi-component fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weizhe Dong
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 S. 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Sebastian Keess
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Neuroscience Discovery Research, AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, 67061 Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Gary A. Molander
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 S. 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
- Lead contact
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30
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Wang ZK, Wang YP, Rao ZW, Liu CY, Pan XH, Guo L. General Method for Selective Three-Component Carboacylation of Alkenes via Visible-Light Dual Photoredox/Nickel Catalysis. Org Lett 2023; 25:1673-1677. [PMID: 36880593 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c00307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
A photoredox/nickel dual catalytic protocol for the regioselective three-component carboacylation of alkenes with tertiary and secondary alkyltrifluoroborates as well as acyl chlorides is described. This redox-neutral protocol can be applied to the rapid synthesis of ketones with high diversity and complexity via a radical relay process. Many functional groups, allowing for various commercially available acyl chlorides, alkyltrifluoroborates, and alkenes, are tolerated under these mild conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Kai Wang
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, 100 Haiquan Road, Shanghai 201418, China
| | - Ya-Ping Wang
- Shanghai BIOS Technology Co., Ltd., 659 Maoyuan Road, Fengxian District, Shanghai 201418, China
| | - Zhi-Wu Rao
- Shanghai BIOS Technology Co., Ltd., 659 Maoyuan Road, Fengxian District, Shanghai 201418, China
| | - Chun-Yu Liu
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, 100 Haiquan Road, Shanghai 201418, China
| | - Xian-Hua Pan
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, 100 Haiquan Road, Shanghai 201418, China
| | - Lei Guo
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, 100 Haiquan Road, Shanghai 201418, China
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31
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Huang W, Zheng Y, Keess S, Molander GA. A General and Modular Approach to BCP Alkylamines via Multicomponent Difunctionalization of [1.1.1]Propellane. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:5363-5369. [PMID: 36802571 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c13298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decade, bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane (BCP) motifs have come to the fore as valuable pharmaceutical bioisosteres of para-disubstituted benzenes. However, the limited approaches and requisite multistep syntheses of useful BCP building blocks are hampering early discovery research in medicinal chemistry. Herein we report the development of a modular strategy for the divergent preparation of functionalized BCP alkylamines. In this process, a general method to introduce fluoroalkyl groups to BCP scaffolds using readily available and easy-to-handle fluoroalkyl sulfinate salts was also developed. Moreover, this strategy can also be extended to S-centered radicals for incorporation of sulfones and thioethers into the BCP core. Overall, this multicomponent strategy enables rapid construction of BCP-type bioisosteres for applications in drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weichen Huang
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Yongxiang Zheng
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Sebastian Keess
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Neuroscience Discovery Research, AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, 67061 Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Gary A Molander
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
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32
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Zheng Y, Huang W, Dhungana RK, Granados A, Keess S, Makvandi M, Molander GA. Photochemical Intermolecular [3σ + 2σ]-Cycloaddition for the Construction of Aminobicyclo[3.1.1]heptanes. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:23685-23690. [PMID: 36523116 PMCID: PMC10413992 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c11501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The development of synthetic strategies for the preparation of bioisosteric compounds is a demanding undertaking in medicinal chemistry. Numerous strategies have been developed for the synthesis of bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes (BCPs), bridge-substituted BCPs, and bicyclo[2.1.1]hexanes. However, progress on the synthesis of bicyclo[3.1.1]heptanes, which serve as meta-substituted arene bioisosteres, has not been previously explored. Herein, we disclose the first photoinduced [3σ + 2σ] cycloaddition for the synthesis of trisubstituted bicyclo[3.1.1]heptanes using bicyclo[1.1.0]butanes and cyclopropylamines. This transformation not only uses mild and operationally simple conditions but also provides unique meta-substituted arene bioisosteres. The applicability of this method is showcased by simple derivatization reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxiang Zheng
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Weichen Huang
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Roshan K. Dhungana
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Albert Granados
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Sebastian Keess
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Neuroscience Discovery Research, AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, 67061 Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Mehran Makvandi
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Gary A. Molander
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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33
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Liang Y, Kleinmans R, Daniliuc CG, Glorius F. Synthesis of Polysubstituted 2-Oxabicyclo[2.1.1]hexanes via Visible-Light-Induced Energy Transfer. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:20207-20213. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c09248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Liang
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Corrensstraße 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Roman Kleinmans
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Corrensstraße 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Constantin G. Daniliuc
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Corrensstraße 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Frank Glorius
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Corrensstraße 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
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34
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Huang W, Keess S, Molander GA. One step synthesis of unsymmetrical 1,3-disubstituted BCP ketones via nickel/photoredox-catalyzed [1.1.1]propellane multicomponent dicarbofunctionalization. Chem Sci 2022; 13:11936-11942. [PMID: 36320918 PMCID: PMC9580470 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc05100a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes (BCPs), utilized as sp3-rich bioisosteres for tert-butyl- and aryl groups as well as internal alkynes, have gained considerable momentum in drug development programs. Although many elegant methods have been developed to access BCP amines and BCP aryls efficiently, the methods used to construct BCP ketones directly are relatively underdeveloped. In particular, the preparation of unsymmetrical 1,3-disubstituted-BCP ketones remains challenging and still requires multiple chemical steps. Herein, a single-step, multi-component approach to versatile disubstituted BCP ketones via nickel/photoredox catalysis is reported. Importantly, installing a boron group at the carbon position adjacent to the BCP structure bypasses the limitation to tertiary BF3K coupling partners, thus expanding the scope of this paradigm. Further transformation of disubstituted-BCP ketones into a variety of other BCP derivatives demonstrates the synthetic value of this developed method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weichen Huang
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia 19104-6323 Pennsylvania USA
| | - Sebastian Keess
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Neuroscience Discovery Research, AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG Ludwigshafen 67061 Germany
| | - Gary A Molander
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia 19104-6323 Pennsylvania USA
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35
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Du X, Xu D, Xu G, Yu C, Jiang X. Synthesis of Imidized Cyclobutene Derivatives by Strain Release of [1.1.1]Propellane. Org Lett 2022; 24:7323-7327. [PMID: 36190793 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c02790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report the metal-free synthesis of imidized methylene cyclobutane derivatives via a strain-release driven addition reaction of [1.1.1]propellane. Using this strategy, the methylene cyclobutyl cation intermediate generated by protonation of [1.1.1]propellane was found to be trapped by nitriles to form a nitrilium ion intermediate, which subsequently reacted with carboxylic acids to produce imidized methylene cyclobutene derivatives via a Mumm-type rearrangement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofan Du
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Di Xu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Gongcheng Xu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Chuanming Yu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| | - Xinpeng Jiang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
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36
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Livesley S, Trueman B, Robertson CM, Goundry WRF, Morris JA, Aïssa C. Synthesis of Sulfur-Substituted Bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes by Iodo-Sulfenylation of [1.1.1]Propellane. Org Lett 2022; 24:7015-7020. [PMID: 36130142 PMCID: PMC9531248 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c02875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Thiols easily react with [1.1.1]propellane to give sulfur-substituted
bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes in radical reactions, but this reactivity is
not replicated in the case of heterocyclic thiols. Herein, we address
this issue by electrophilically activating [1.1.1]propellane to promote
its iodo-sulfenylation with 10 classes of heterocyclic thiols in two
protocols that can be conducted on a multigram scale without exclusion
of air or moisture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Livesley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, United Kingdom.,Early Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield SK10 2NA, United Kingdom
| | - Bethany Trueman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, United Kingdom
| | - Craig M Robertson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, United Kingdom
| | - William R F Goundry
- Early Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield SK10 2NA, United Kingdom
| | - James A Morris
- Syngenta, International Research Centre, Bracknell, Berkshire RG42 6EY, United Kingdom
| | - Christophe Aïssa
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, United Kingdom
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37
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Rentería-Gómez A, Lee W, Yin S, Davis M, Gogoi AR, Gutierrez O. General and Practical Route to Diverse 1-(Difluoro)alkyl-3-aryl Bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes Enabled by an Fe-Catalyzed Multicomponent Radical Cross-Coupling Reaction. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c03498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Angel Rentería-Gómez
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Wes Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Shuai Yin
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Michael Davis
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Achyut Ranjan Gogoi
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Osvaldo Gutierrez
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
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