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Hong F, Aldhous TP, Kemmitt PD, Bower JF. A directed enolization strategy enables by-product-free construction of contiguous stereocentres en route to complex amino acids. Nat Chem 2024; 16:1125-1132. [PMID: 38565976 PMCID: PMC11230901 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-024-01473-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Homochiral α-amino acids are widely used in pharmaceutical design as key subunits in chiral catalyst synthesis or as building blocks in synthetic biology. Many synthetic methods have been developed to access rare or unnatural variants by controlling the installation of the α-stereocentre. By contrast, and despite their importance, α-amino acids possessing β-stereocentres are much harder to synthesize. Here we demonstrate an iridium-catalysed protocol that allows the direct upconversion of simple alkenes and glycine derivatives to give β-substituted α-amino acids with exceptional levels of regio- and stereocontrol. Our method exploits the native directing ability of a glycine-derived N-H unit to facilitate Ir-catalysed enolization of the adjacent carbonyl. The resulting stereodefined enolate cross-couples with a styrene or α-olefin to install two contiguous stereocentres. The process offers very high levels of regio- and stereocontrol and occurs with complete atom economy. In broader terms, our reaction design offers a unique directing-group-controlled strategy for the direct stereocontrolled α-alkylation of carbonyl compounds, and provides a powerful approach for the synthesis of challenging contiguous stereocentres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenglin Hong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Timothy P Aldhous
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Paul D Kemmitt
- Medicinal Chemistry, Oncology, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - John F Bower
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
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2
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Wu H, Chen K, Liu Y, Wan JP. Unlock the C-N Bond Amidation of Enaminones: Metal-Free Synthesis of Enamides by Water-Assisted Transamidation. J Org Chem 2024; 89:216-223. [PMID: 38109677 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
The C-N bond transamidation of primary amides with N,N-dimethyl enaminones has been efficiently realized by heating in the presence of trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (TfOH). The method enables the practical synthesis of valuable enamides without the use of any metal reagent. In addition, this transamidation protocol can also be expanded to the reactions of sulfonamides, and the late-stage functionalization on sulfonamide drugs such as Celecoxib and Valdecoxib has been verified. Moreover, the participation of water in assisting the transamidation process has been identified by the isotope labeling experiments using D2O, disclosing a new possibility in designing catalytic tactic to other transamidation reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haozhi Wu
- National Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Kang Chen
- National Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Yunyun Liu
- National Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Jie-Ping Wan
- National Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
- International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
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3
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Jing C, Mao W, Bower JF. Iridium-Catalyzed Enantioselective Alkene Hydroalkylation via a Heteroaryl-Directed Enolization-Decarboxylation Sequence. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:23918-23924. [PMID: 37879082 PMCID: PMC10636747 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c10163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Upon exposure to a cationic Ir(I)-complex modified with the chiral diphosphine DuanPhos, hydroalkylations of styrenes and α-olefins with diverse heteroaryl tert-butyl acetates occur with complete branched selectivity and very high enantioselectivity. The initial adducts undergo acid promoted decarboxylation in situ to provide alkylated heteroarenes possessing defined β-stereocenters. The processes are postulated to proceed via a stereodefined chiral Ir-enolate, which arises upon heteroarene directed enolization of the heteroaryl acetate precursor. The method can be classified as an enantioselective decarboxylative C(sp3)-C(sp3) cross-coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changcheng Jing
- Department of Chemistry, University
of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, United
Kingdom
| | - Wenbin Mao
- Department of Chemistry, University
of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, United
Kingdom
| | - John F. Bower
- Department of Chemistry, University
of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, United
Kingdom
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4
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Yin SY, Zhou Q, Liu CX, Gu Q, You SL. Enantioselective Synthesis of N-N Biaryl Atropisomers through Iridium(I)-Catalyzed C-H Alkylation with Acrylates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202305067. [PMID: 37140049 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202305067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Enantioselective synthesis of N-N biaryl atropisomers is an emerging area but remains underexplored. The development of efficient synthesis of N-N biaryl atropisomers is in great demand. Herein, the construction of N-N biaryl atropisomers through iridium-catalyzed asymmetric C-H alkylation is reported for the first time. In the presence of readily available Ir precursor and Xyl-BINAP, a variety of axially chiral molecules based on indole-pyrrole skeleton were obtained in good yields (up to 98 %) with excellent enantioselectivity (up to 99 % ee). In addition, N-N bispyrrole atropisomers could also be synthesized in excellent yields and enantioselectivity. This method features perfect atom economy, wide substrate scope, and multifunctionalized products allowing diverse transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Yong Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Qiansujia Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai, 200032, China
- School of Material and Chemistry, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
| | - Chen-Xu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Qing Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai, 200032, China
- School of Material and Chemistry, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
| | - Shu-Li You
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai, 200032, China
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5
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Hung Nigel Tang K, Tokutake R, Ito M, Shibata T. Ir-Catalyzed Distal Branch-Selective Hydroarylation of Unactivated Internal Alkenes with Benzanilides via C-H Activation along with Consecutive Isomerization. Org Lett 2023. [PMID: 37427870 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c01619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
We herein report a synergistic strategy of C-H activation and consecutive isomerization catalyzed by an Ir catalyst to selectively obtain branched isomers as C-H alkylated products of benzanilide derivatives. A well-tuned ligand and a directing group are crucial to achieve this selectivity. The scope of this reaction is demonstrated by the use of a variety of substituents and complex molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- King Hung Nigel Tang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Ryo Tokutake
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Mamoru Ito
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Takanori Shibata
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
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