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Jia T, Cheng PM, Zhang MX, Liu WD, Li CY, Su HF, Long LS, Zheng LS, Kong XJ. Ln III/Cu I Bimetallic Nanoclusters with Enhanced NIR-II Luminescence. J Am Chem Soc 2024. [PMID: 39400366 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c09447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2024]
Abstract
Coinage-metal clusters with excellent luminescence properties have attracted considerable interest due to their intriguing structures and potential applications. However, achieving strong near-infrared (NIR) luminescence in these clusters is highly challenging. Here, we have successfully synthesized the first LnIII/CuI bimetallic clusters, formulated as [LnCu54O6Cl3(2-MeO-PhC≡C)36] (ClO4)6 (Ln = Yb for YbCu54, Er for ErCu54, and Gd for GdCu54). Single crystal X-ray diffraction showed that the LnCu54 clusters have a three-layered core-shell structure, consisting of (LnO6)@Cu18Cl3@Cu36 units protected by 36 2-MeO-PhC≡C- ligands. Notably, the YbCu54 cluster exhibits significant NIR-II luminescence at 986 nm with the solid quantum efficiency of 33.3%, the highest among Cu clusters with NIR-II emission. This work not only reports the first category of LnIII/CuI clusters but also presents a method to enhance NIR luminescence in coinage-metal clusters through the incorporation of LnIII ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Jia
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Pei-Ming Cheng
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Ming-Xuan Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Wei-Dong Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Chong-Yang Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Hai-Feng Su
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - La-Sheng Long
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Lan-Sun Zheng
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Xiang-Jian Kong
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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2
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Mahato P, Mandal K, Paria K, Chopra D, Mukherjee S. Micro-Ring Morphology of Ag 7NCs and Light-Induced Reversible Interconversion of FCC Ag 14NCs via Cu 2+ ions-Mediated Particle-Assisted Reversible Interconversion. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202409141. [PMID: 38935517 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202409141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Despite the remarkable progress made on intercluster conversion in atomically precise metal nanoclusters (MNCs) and their self-organization to develop microscopic molecular architecture with well-defined size and shape, achieving light-induced reversible structural transformation and the development of micro-ring self-assembly in MNCs have, so far, remained elusive. The present investigation touches on these two long-standing quests by showcasing a new route, light-induced Particle-Assisted Reversible Interconversion (PARI) for the reversible transformation from Face Centered Cubic (FCC) Ag14NCs to Ag7NCs. Our studies reveal that the lack of plasmonic silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in the system results in the formation of Ag7NCs with metallic kernels having centrosymmetric crystal packing. The molecular self-organization of Ag7NCs through various non-covalent interactions such as C-H⋅⋅⋅O, C-H⋅⋅⋅H-C, and C-H⋅⋅⋅π leads to the formation of micro-ring morphology, a unique molecular architecture in MNCs. The in situ generated AgNPs due to the acceleration of the reaction kinetics by Cu2+ ions facilitate the growth of Ag14NCs with FCC metallic kernel. These two structural units of AgNCs show light-induced reversible structural transformation which is also associated with the reversible tuning of their spectroscopic and morphological signatures. This PARI-guided interconversion strategy put forward a most appropriate example of a structure-property relationship in MNCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paritosh Mahato
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal, 462 066, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Koushik Mandal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal, 462 066, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Khokan Paria
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal, 462 066, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Deepak Chopra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal, 462 066, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Saptarshi Mukherjee
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal, 462 066, Madhya Pradesh, India
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3
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Guo Y, Zhang Z, Han H, Zhou Z. Chiral Separation of Copper Sulfide [S-Cu 36] Nanocluster Using a Chiral Adaptive Counterion. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:11985-11991. [PMID: 39241022 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c03538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/08/2024]
Abstract
This work presents a new strategy to achieve the growth of copper sulfide nanoclusters with high nuclearity. Through a phosphine-assisted C-S reductive cleavage approach, an intrinsically chiral [Cu4] cluster passes through a [S-Cu9] cluster and transforms into a higher-nuclearity [S-Cu36] cluster, which features a core-shell structure with a [Cu4]4+ core encapsulated by a chiral [Cu20S12] shell. Interestingly, the spiral arrangement of the bidental ligands on the surface of the [S-Cu36] cluster leads to the L-/R-enantiomeric configurations. Moreover, by utilization of [Na(THF)6]+ as a chiral adaptive counterion, [S-Cu36] can be interlocked separately, thus enabling the isolation of homochiral clusters. Theoretical calculation suggests that the configuration transition between two enantiomeric [Na(THF)6]+ species is favorable at room temperature, thereby promoting the cocrystallization of resulting chiral products. This study introduces a novel perspective on the synthesis of chiral copper sulfide nanoclusters and presents an innovative approach to achieving the chiral separation of nanoclusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumeng Guo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China
| | - Zhenyi Zhang
- Bruker (Beijing) Scientific Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Haixiang Han
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China
| | - Zheng Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China
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4
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Shi A, Wang H, Yang G, Gu C, Xiang C, Qian L, Lam JWY, Zhang T, Tang BZ. Multiple Chirality Switching of a Dye-Grafted Helical Polymer Film Driven by Acid & Base. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202409782. [PMID: 38888844 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202409782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
A stimuli-responsive multiple chirality switching material, which can regulate opposed chiral absorption characteristics, has great application value in the fields of optical modulation, information storage and encryption, etc. However, due to the rareness of effective functional systems and the complexity of material structures, developing this type of material remains an insurmountable challenge. Herein, a smart polymer film with multiple chirality inversion properties was fabricated efficiently based on a newly-designed acid & base-sensitive dye-grafted helical polymer. Benefited from the cooperative effects of various weak interactions (hydrogen bonds, electrostatic interaction, etc.) under the aggregated state, this polymer film exhibited a promising acid & base-driven multiple chirality inversion property containing record switchable chiral states (up to five while the solution showed three-state switching) and good reversibility. The creative exploration of such a multiple chirality switching material can not only promote the application progress of current chiroptical regulation technology, but also provide a significant guidance for the design and synthesis of future smart chiroptical switching materials and devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiyan Shi
- Laboratory of Advanced Nano-Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Laboratory of Optoelectronic and Information Technology and Devices, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center of Energy Optoelectronic Materials and Devices Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
- Smart Materials for Architecture Research Lab Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta, Zhejiang University, Jiaxing, 314100, P. R. China
- Laboratory of Advanced Nano-Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Qianwan Institute of CNITECH, Ningbo, 315300, P. R. China
| | - Haoran Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Guojian Yang
- Laboratory of Advanced Nano-Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Laboratory of Optoelectronic and Information Technology and Devices, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center of Energy Optoelectronic Materials and Devices Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
- Smart Materials for Architecture Research Lab Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta, Zhejiang University, Jiaxing, 314100, P. R. China
| | - Chang Gu
- Laboratory of Advanced Nano-Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Laboratory of Optoelectronic and Information Technology and Devices, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center of Energy Optoelectronic Materials and Devices Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
- Laboratory of Advanced Nano-Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Qianwan Institute of CNITECH, Ningbo, 315300, P. R. China
| | - Chaoyu Xiang
- Laboratory of Advanced Nano-Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Laboratory of Optoelectronic and Information Technology and Devices, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center of Energy Optoelectronic Materials and Devices Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
- Laboratory of Advanced Nano-Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Qianwan Institute of CNITECH, Ningbo, 315300, P. R. China
| | - Lei Qian
- Laboratory of Advanced Nano-Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Laboratory of Optoelectronic and Information Technology and Devices, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center of Energy Optoelectronic Materials and Devices Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
- Laboratory of Advanced Nano-Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Qianwan Institute of CNITECH, Ningbo, 315300, P. R. China
| | - Jacky W Y Lam
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Laboratory of Advanced Nano-Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Laboratory of Optoelectronic and Information Technology and Devices, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center of Energy Optoelectronic Materials and Devices Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
- Laboratory of Advanced Nano-Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Qianwan Institute of CNITECH, Ningbo, 315300, P. R. China
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong, P. R. China
- School of Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Aggregate Science and Technology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen (CUHK-Shenzhen), 518172, P. R. China
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Tang L, Wang L, Wang B, Pei Y, Wang S. Discovering of Atomically Precise Metal Nanoclusters by High-Throughput Syntheses Platform. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202302602. [PMID: 38780031 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the complete structure of noble metal nanoclusters is both academically and practically significant. However, progress has been hindered by the low synthetic efficiency of many nanocluster syntheses. In this study, we present the first high-throughput syntheses of homo-gold, homo-copper, and gold-copper alloy nanoclusters in dichloromethane at room temperature. Through high-throughput screening, we successfully obtained three nanoclusters in a single reaction: Au18(SC6H11)14, [Au41Cu66(SC6H11)44](SbF6)3, and an unidentified copper cluster (referred to as Au18, Au41Cu66 , and Cu-NC). The optimized synthesis route was achieved with the assistance of machine learning for experimental data analysis, which also guided the synthesis of other metal nanoclusters such as Au40Cu34(4-S-PhF)40 (Au40Cu34), [Au6Cu6(SPh)12]n ([Au6Cu6]n), and Au18Cu32(3,5-C8H9S)36 (Au18Cu32)). This research demonstrates that high-throughput screening can be a valuable tool in accelerating the development of nanocluster syntheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Tang
- Key Laboratory of Optic-Electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, P. R. China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan, 411105, P. R. China
| | - Bin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Optic-Electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, P. R. China
| | - Yong Pei
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan, 411105, P. R. China
| | - Shuxin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Optic-Electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, MOE, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, P. R. China
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6
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Wang W, Gong J, Zhao J, Zhang H, Wen W, Zhao Z, Li YJ, Wang J, Huang CZ, Gao PF. Integration of Wallach's Rule into Intermolecular Charge Transfer: A Visual Strategy for Chiral Purification. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2403249. [PMID: 39013078 PMCID: PMC11425254 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202403249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
Exploring the molecular packing and interaction between chiral molecules, no matter single enantiomer or racemates, is important for recognition and resolution of chiral drugs. However, sensitive and non-destructive analysis methods are lacking. Herein, an intermolecular-charge transfer (ICT) based spectroscopy is reported to reveal the differences in interaction between the achiral acceptor 1,2,4,5-tetracyanobenzene (TCNB) and the chiral donors, including S, R, and racemic naproxen (S/R/rac-NAP). In this process, S-NAP+TCNB and R-NAP+TCNB display a narrower band gap attributed to the newly formed ICT state. In contrast, the mixed rac-NAP and TCNB exhibit almost no significant change due to the strong affinity between the stereoisomers according to the Wallach's rule. Thus, S/R-NAP can be easily distinguished from rac-NAP based on significantly different optical behavior. The single crystal analysis, infrared spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, and theoretical calculation of naproxen confirm the importance of carboxyl for this differentiation in molecular packing and interaction. In addition, the esterification derivatization of naproxen achieves the manipulation of the intermolecular interaction model of racemates from the absolute Wallach's rule to a coexisting form of Wallach's rule and ICT. Further, visualized chiral purification of naproxen by the simple cocrystallization method is achieved through the collaboration of ICT and Wallach's rule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical AnalyticsChongqing Science and Technology BureauCollege of Pharmaceutical SciencesSouthwest UniversityChongqing400715China
| | - Jianye Gong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringInner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Fine Organic SynthesisInner Mongolia UniversityHohhot010021China
| | - Jiaqiang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical AnalyticsChongqing Science and Technology BureauCollege of Pharmaceutical SciencesSouthwest UniversityChongqing400715China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft‐Matter Material Chemistry and Function ManufacturingSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringSouthwest UniversityChongqing400715China
| | - Wei Wen
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft‐Matter Material Chemistry and Function ManufacturingSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringSouthwest UniversityChongqing400715China
| | - Zujin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and DevicesGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular AggregatesSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhou510640China
| | - Yan Jie Li
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical AnalyticsChongqing Science and Technology BureauCollege of Pharmaceutical SciencesSouthwest UniversityChongqing400715China
| | - Jianguo Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringInner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Fine Organic SynthesisInner Mongolia UniversityHohhot010021China
| | - Cheng Zhi Huang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical AnalyticsChongqing Science and Technology BureauCollege of Pharmaceutical SciencesSouthwest UniversityChongqing400715China
| | - Peng Fei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical AnalyticsChongqing Science and Technology BureauCollege of Pharmaceutical SciencesSouthwest UniversityChongqing400715China
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Li Q, Gao W, Wang Z, Liu W, Fu Y, Wang X, Tan LL, Shang L, Yang YW. Guest-Induced Helical Superstructure from a Gold Nanocluster-Based Supramolecular Organic Framework Enables Efficient Catalysis. ACS NANO 2024; 18:22548-22559. [PMID: 39110641 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c08337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/21/2024]
Abstract
Mimicking hierarchical assembly in nature to exploit atomically precise artificial systems with complex structures and versatile functions remains a long-standing challenge. Herein, we report two single-crystal supramolecular organic frameworks (MSOF-4 and MSOF-5) based on custom-designed atomically precise gold nanoclusters Au11(4-Mpy)3(PPh3)7, showing distinct and intriguing host-guest adaptation behaviors toward 1-/2-bromopropane (BPR) isomers. MSOF-4 exhibits sev topology and cylindrical channels with 4-mercaptopyridine (4-Mpy) ligands matching well with guest 1-BPR. Due to the confinement effect, solid MSOF-4 undergoes significant structural change upon selective adsorption of 1-BPR vapor over 2-BPR, resulting in strong near-infrared fluorescence. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction reveals that Au11(4-Mpy)3(PPh3)7 in MSOF-4 transforms into Au11Br3(PPh3)7 upon ligand exchange with 1-BPR, resulting in 1-BPR@MSOF-6 single crystals with a rarely reported helical assembly structure. Significantly, the double-helical structure of MSOF-6 facilitates efficient catalysis of the electron transfer (ET) reaction, resulting in a nearly 6 times increase of catalytic rates compared with MSOF-4. In sharp contrast, solid MSOF-5 possesses chb topology and cage-type channels with narrow windows, showing excellent selective physical adsorption toward 1-BPR vapor but a nonfluorescent feature upon guest adsorption. Our results demonstrate a powerful strategy for developing advanced assemblies with high-order complexity and engineering their functions in atomic precision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, P. R. China
| | - Wenxing Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, P. R. China
| | - Zijian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, P. R. China
| | - Wenfeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, P. R. China
| | - Yu Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, P. R. China
| | - Xin Wang
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Nano-Micro Architecture Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin Univeersity, 2699 Qianjin Street ,Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Li-Li Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, P. R. China
| | - Li Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, P. R. China
| | - Ying-Wei Yang
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Nano-Micro Architecture Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin Univeersity, 2699 Qianjin Street ,Changchun 130012, P. R. China
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Dong K, Zhou Q, Gao B. New light-illuminated silk road: emerging silk fibroin-based optical biomedical sensors. Analyst 2024; 149:4322-4342. [PMID: 39073410 DOI: 10.1039/d4an00665h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Biomedical silk protein optics has become the subject of intensive research aimed at solving the challenges associated with traditional medical devices in terms of biocompatibility and performance balance. With its significant potential for biomedical applications in the field of drug storage and wound monitoring, it is dedicated to reducing the perturbation of neighbouring tissues. The transparency and biocompatibility of silk proteins make them ideal materials in the field of optical device fabrication, effectively overcoming the challenges posed by conventional materials. In this paper, we explore in detail the complex aspects of the design, synthesis and application related to biomedical silk protein optical devices and comprehensively analyse the potential use of silk protein-centric microstructures (e.g., micropillars, microneedles, and photonic crystals) in the development of optical devices. This review also offers insights into the challenges of applying silk protein optical devices in healthcare and their future trends, aiming to provide a comprehensive overview of the advances, potential impacts and emerging research directions in the field of biomedical silk protein optical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyi Dong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Qian Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Bingbing Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China.
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9
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Ishii W, Tanaka R, Nakashima T. Assembly of anionic silver nanoclusters with controlled packing structures through site-specific ionic bridges. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:13457-13463. [PMID: 38920336 DOI: 10.1039/d4nr01691b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
The assembly of metal nanoclusters (NCs) into crystalline lattice structures is of interest in the development of NC-based functional materials. Here we demonstrate that the assembled structures of tri-anionic tetrahedral symmetric [Ag29(BDT)12]3- (Ag29 NC, BDT: 1,3-benzenedithiol) NCs are controlled into a polyethylene-like zigzag chain and a "poly-ring-fused-cyclohexane"-like honeycomb arrangement through ionic interactions with alkali metal cations such as K+ and Cs+. The site-specific binding of alkali metal ions on the tetrahedrally arranged binding sites of Ag29 NCs successfully connects the adjacent NCs into various packing modes. The number and type of bridges between NCs determine the Ag29 NC packing structures, which are affected by the solvent species, enabling the transformation of packing modes in the single-crystalline state. The photoluminescence (PL) properties of the crystals responded to the packing modes of the NCs in terms of anisotropy and bridge linkage style inducing a varied degree of relaxation of the excited state depending on the relocation mobility of alkali metal ions in the crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Ishii
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Sumiyoshi, Osaka 558-8585, Japan.
| | - Rika Tanaka
- X-ray Crystal Analysis Laboratory, Graduate School of Engineering Osaka Metropolitan University, Sumiyoshi, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Takuya Nakashima
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Sumiyoshi, Osaka 558-8585, Japan.
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10
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Zhang C, Si WD, Wang Z, Tung CH, Sun D. Chiral Ligand-Concentration Mediating Asymmetric Transformations of Silver Nanoclusters: NIR-II Circularly Polarized Phosphorescence Lighting. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202404545. [PMID: 38664228 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202404545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Near infrared (NIR) emitter with circularly polarized phosphorescence (CPP), known as NIR CPP, has emerged as a key part in the research of cutting-edge luminescent materials. However, it remains a challenge to obtain nanoclusters with NIR CPP activity. Here, we propose an asymmetric transformation approach to efficiently synthesize two pairs of chiral silver nanoclusters (R/S-Ag29 and R/S-Ag16) using an achiral Ag10 nanocluster as starting material in the presence of different concentration chiral inducer (R/S)-1,1'-binaphthyl-2,2'-diyl hydrogenphosphate (R/S-BNP). R/S-Ag29, formed in the low-concentration R/S-BNP, exhibits a unique kernel-shell structure consisting of a distorted Ag13 icosahedron and an integrated cage-like organometallic shell with a C3 symmetry, and possesses a superatomic 6-electron configuration (1S2|1P4). By contrast, R/S-Ag16, formed in the high-concentration R/S-BNP, features a sandwich-like pentagram with AgI-pure kernel. Profiting from the hierarchically chiral structures and superatomic kernel-dominated phosphorescence, R/S-Ag29 exhibits infrequent CPP activity in the second near-infrared (975 nm) region, being the first instance of NIR-II CPP observed among CPL-active metal nanoclusters. This study presents a new approach to reduce the difficulty of de novo synthesis for chiral silver nanomaterials, and facilitates the design of CPP-active superatomic nanoclusters in NIR region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengkai Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, 250100, Ji'nan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Dan Si
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, 250100, Ji'nan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, 250100, Ji'nan, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen-Ho Tung
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, 250100, Ji'nan, People's Republic of China
| | - Di Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, 250100, Ji'nan, People's Republic of China
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Kumaranchira Ramankutty K. Circular dichroism and circularly polarized luminescence of ligand-protected molecular metal clusters: insights into structure-chiroptical property relationships. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:11914-11927. [PMID: 38845602 DOI: 10.1039/d4nr01232a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Molecular noble metal clusters are an emerging class of circularly polarized luminescent (CPL) nanomaterials. Many of the ligand-protected metal clusters exhibit discrete electronic absorption bands, which are assigned to their structural components such as metal core, ligands and metal-ligand interfaces. This implies the suitability of the chiroptical spectroscopic approach to unravel the structure-chiroptical property relationships in molecular metal clusters. Due to the tremendous developments in computational methods for investigating chiroptical properties, along with circular dichroism (CD) and CPL spectroscopy, understanding of the structure-chiroptical properties of these clusters is rapidly progressing. This review discusses various strategies such as the use of chiral ligands, metal atom substitution, ligand exchange, co-crystallization with chiral ligands, etc., for inducing and enhancing the CPL of such metal clusters. This review demonstrates the potential of combined CD-CPL spectroscopic investigations and theoretical calculations to unravel the origins of photoluminescence and CPL activity of chiral metal clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishnadas Kumaranchira Ramankutty
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Maruthamala P. O., Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, 69551, India.
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12
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Li S, Li NN, Dong XY, Zang SQ, Mak TCW. Chemical Flexibility of Atomically Precise Metal Clusters. Chem Rev 2024; 124:7262-7378. [PMID: 38696258 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
Ligand-protected metal clusters possess hybrid properties that seamlessly combine an inorganic core with an organic ligand shell, imparting them exceptional chemical flexibility and unlocking remarkable application potential in diverse fields. Leveraging chemical flexibility to expand the library of available materials and stimulate the development of new functionalities is becoming an increasingly pressing requirement. This Review focuses on the origin of chemical flexibility from the structural analysis, including intra-cluster bonding, inter-cluster interactions, cluster-environments interactions, metal-to-ligand ratios, and thermodynamic effects. In the introduction, we briefly outline the development of metal clusters and explain the differences and commonalities of M(I)/M(I/0) coinage metal clusters. Additionally, we distinguish the bonding characteristics of metal atoms in the inorganic core, which give rise to their distinct chemical flexibility. Section 2 delves into the structural analysis, bonding categories, and thermodynamic theories related to metal clusters. In the following sections 3 to 7, we primarily elucidate the mechanisms that trigger chemical flexibility, the dynamic processes in transformation, the resultant alterations in structure, and the ensuing modifications in physical-chemical properties. Section 8 presents the notable applications that have emerged from utilizing metal clusters and their assemblies. Finally, in section 9, we discuss future challenges and opportunities within this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Li
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Na-Na Li
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, China
| | - Xi-Yan Dong
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, China
| | - Shuang-Quan Zang
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Thomas C W Mak
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, SAR 999077, China
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13
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Zhang C, Si WD, Wang Z, Dinesh A, Gao ZY, Tung CH, Sun D. Solvent-Mediated Hetero/Homo-Phase Crystallization of Copper Nanoclusters and Superatomic Kernel-Related NIR Phosphorescence. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:10767-10775. [PMID: 38591723 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c00881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Atomically precise superatomic copper nanoclusters (Cu NCs) have been the subject of immense interest for their intriguing structures and diverse properties; nonetheless, the variable oxidation state of copper ions and complex solvation effects in wet synthesis systems pose significant challenges for comprehending their synthesis and crystallization mechanism. Herein, we present a solvent-mediated approach for the synthesis of two Cu NCs, namely, superatomic Cu26 and pure-Cu(I) Cu16. They initially formed as a hetero-phase and then separated as a homo-phase via modulating binary solvent composition. In situ UV/vis absorption and electrospray ionization mass spectra revealed that the solvent-mediated assembly was determined to be the underlying mechanism of hetero/homo-phase crystallization. Cu26 is a 2-electron superatom with a kernel-shell structure that includes a [Cu20Se12]4- shell and [Cu6]4+ kernel, containing two 1S jellium electrons. Conversely, Cu16 is a pure-Cu(I) Cu/Se nanocluster that features a [Cu16Se6]4+ core protected by extra dimercaptomaleonitrile ligands. Remarkably, Cu26 exhibits unique near-infrared phosphorescence (NIR PH) at 933 nm due to the presence of a superatomic kernel-related charge transfer state (3MM(Cu)CT). Overall, this work not only showcases the hetero/homo-phase crystallization of Cu NCs driven by a solvent-mediated assembly mechanism but also enables the rare occurrence of NIR PH within the 2-electron copper superatom family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengkai Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Ji'nan 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Dan Si
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Ji'nan 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Ji'nan 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Acharya Dinesh
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Ji'nan 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Yong Gao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen-Ho Tung
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Ji'nan 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Di Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Ji'nan 250100, People's Republic of China
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14
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Cao M, Ren Y, Wu Y, Shen J, Li S, Yu ZQ, Liu S, Li J, Rojas OJ, Chen Z. Biobased and biodegradable films exhibiting circularly polarized room temperature phosphorescence. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2375. [PMID: 38490985 PMCID: PMC10943238 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45844-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
There is interest in developing sustainable materials displaying circularly polarized room-temperature phosphorescence, which have been scarcely reported. Here, we introduce biobased thin films exhibiting circularly polarized luminescence with simultaneous room-temperature phosphorescence. For this purpose, phosphorescence-active lignosulfonate biomolecules are co-assembled with cellulose nanocrystals in a chiral construct. The lignosulfonate is shown to capture the chirality generated by cellulose nanocrystals within the films, emitting circularly polarized phosphorescence with a 0.21 dissymmetry factor and 103 ms phosphorescence lifetime. By contrast with most organic phosphorescence materials, this chiral-phosphorescent system possesses phosphorescence stability, with no significant recession under extreme chemical environments. Meanwhile, the luminescent films resist water and humid environments but are fully biodegradable (16 days) in soil conditions. The introduced bio-based, environmentally-friendly circularly polarized phosphorescence system is expected to open many opportunities, as demonstrated here for information processing and anti-counterfeiting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengnan Cao
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Yiran Ren
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518071, China
| | - Yue Wu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518071, China.
| | - Jingjie Shen
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Shujun Li
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China.
| | - Zhen-Qiang Yu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518071, China
| | - Shouxin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Jian Li
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Orlando J Rojas
- Bioproducts Institute, Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada.
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z1, Canada.
- Department of Wood Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada.
| | - Zhijun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China.
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15
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Qiao Y, Zou J, Fei W, Fan W, You Q, Zhao Y, Li MB, Wu Z. Building Block Metal Nanocluster-Based Growth in 1D Direction. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2305556. [PMID: 37849043 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202305556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Metal nanoclusters with precisely modulated structures at the nanoscale give us the opportunity to synthesize and investigate 1D nanomaterials at the atomic level. Herein, it realizes selective 1D growth of building block nanocluster "Au13 Cd2 " into three structurally different nanoclusters: "hand-in-hand" (Au13 Cd2 )2 O, "head-to-head" Au25 , and "shoulder-to-shoulder" Au33 . Detailed studies further reveals the growth mechanism and the growth-related tunable properties. This work provides new hints for the predictable structural transformation of nanoclusters and atomically precise construction of 1D nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Qiao
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Institute of Solid State Physics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science (HFIPS), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Jiafeng Zou
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Institute of Solid State Physics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science (HFIPS), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Wenwen Fei
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Institute of Solid State Physics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science (HFIPS), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Wentao Fan
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Institute of Solid State Physics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science (HFIPS), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Qing You
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Institute of Solid State Physics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science (HFIPS), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Institute of Solid State Physics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science (HFIPS), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Man-Bo Li
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Institute of Solid State Physics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science (HFIPS), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Zhikun Wu
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Institute of Solid State Physics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science (HFIPS), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
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16
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Zhang C, Guan S, Li HY, Dong XY, Zang SQ. Metal Clusters Confined in Chiral Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework for Circularly Polarized-Luminescence Inks. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:2048-2056. [PMID: 38166154 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c04698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
Chiroptical activities arising in nanoclusters (NCs) are emerging as one of the most dynamic areas of modern science. However, devising an overarching strategy that is capable of concurrently enhancing the photoluminescence (PL) and circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) of metal NCs remains a formidable challenge. Herein, gold and silver nanoclusters (AuNCs, AgNCs) are endowed with CPL, for the first time, through a universal host-guest approach─centered around perturbing a chiral microenvironment within chiral hosts, simultaneously enhancing emissions. Remarkably, the photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of AuNCs has undergone an increase of over 200 times upon confinement, escalating from 0.05% to 12%, and demonstrates a CPL response. Moreover, a three-dimensional (3D) model termed "NCs@CMOF" featuring CPL activity is created using metal cluster-based assembly inks through the process of 3D printing. This work introduces a potentially straightforward and versatile approach for achieving both PL enhancement and CPL activities in metal clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Shan Guan
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Hai-Yang Li
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xi-Yan Dong
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, China
| | - Shuang-Quan Zang
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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17
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Ren C, Sun W, Zhao T, Li C, Jiang C, Duan P. A Single-Enantiomer Emitter Enabled Superstructural Helix Inversion for Upconverting and Downshifting Luminescence with Bidirectional Circular Polarization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202315136. [PMID: 37902429 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202315136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
The helical twisting tendency of liquid crystals (LCs) is generally governed by the inherent configuration of the chiral emitter. Here, we introduce the multistage inversion of supramolecular chirality as well as circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) by manipulating the ratio of single enantiomeric emitters (R-PCP) to LC monomers (5CB). Increasing the content of R-PCP from 1 wt % to 3 wt % inverted the helix of LCs from left-handed to right-handed, accompanying a CPL sign changed from positive to negative. The biaxiality of chiral emitters, as well as the steric effect of chiral-chiral and chiral-achiral interaction, were identified as the reasons for helical sense inversion. Due to the strong helical twisting power, 4 wt % R-PCP drove the photonic band gap (PBG) of chiral LCs to match up with their emission range, leading to an inversion of the CPL again with a high dissymmetry factor (≈1.2). Directly adjusting the PBG using chiral emitters is seldom achieved in cholesteric LCs. On this basis, an achiral sensitizer PtTPBP was assembled into the helical superstructure. The generation of triplet-triplet annihilation-induced upconverted CPL from R-PCP and the downshifting CPL from PtTPBP with opposite rotation was achieved in a single chiral LC system by tuning the position of the PBG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Ren
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), No. 11, ZhongGuanCun BeiYiTiao, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Wenjing Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), No. 11, ZhongGuanCun BeiYiTiao, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Tonghan Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), No. 11, ZhongGuanCun BeiYiTiao, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Chengxi Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), No. 11, ZhongGuanCun BeiYiTiao, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19(A) Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, 100049, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Chengyu Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), No. 11, ZhongGuanCun BeiYiTiao, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19(A) Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, 100049, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Pengfei Duan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), No. 11, ZhongGuanCun BeiYiTiao, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19(A) Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, 100049, Beijing, P. R. China
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18
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Ma XH, Si Y, Hu JH, Dong XY, Xie G, Pan F, Wei YL, Zang SQ, Zhao Y. High-Efficiency Pure Blue Circularly Polarized Phosphorescence from Chiral N-Heterocyclic-Carbene-Stabilized Copper(I) Clusters. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:25874-25886. [PMID: 37963217 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c10192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) materials have attracted considerable attention for their promising applications in encryption, chiral sensing, and three-dimensional (3D) displays. However, the preparation of high-efficiency, pure blue CPL materials remains challenging. In this study, we reported an enantiomeric pair of triangle copper(I) clusters (R/S-Cu3) rigidified by employing chiral N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands with two pyridine-functionalized wingtips. These chiral clusters emitted pure blue phosphorescence that overlapped with that of the commercial blue phosphor having Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage (CIE) chromaticity coordinates of (0.14, 0.10), and the films exhibited an unprecedented photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of ∼70.0%. Additionally, the solutions showed very bright circularly polarized phosphorescence (CPP) with a dissymmetry factor of ±2.1 × 10-3. The excellent solubility and photostability endowed these pure-blue-emitting chiral clusters with promising applications as pure blue CPP inks for 3D printing white objects, such as precise-atomic-enlarged models of metal clusters and a lovely white stereoscopic "rabbit". The intricate mechanism underlying blue phosphorescence in this small cluster and across various states is elucidated through a comprehensive approach that integrates thorough analysis of luminescence properties, controlled experiments, and theoretical calculations. For the first time, we propose that the dominant high-energy emission center is constituted by delocalized hybrid orbitals over multiple atomic centers, encompassing both the metal and the coordinated atoms. This challenges stereotypical assumptions that the cluster center solely supports low-energy emissions. This work expands the currently limited range of CPP functional materials and provides a new direction for CPP applications involving NHC-stabilized metal clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Hong Ma
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Yubing Si
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Jia-Hua Hu
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Xi-Yan Dong
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, P. R. China
| | - Guohua Xie
- The Institute of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies), Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China
| | - Fangfang Pan
- College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Yong-Li Wei
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Shuang-Quan Zang
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Yi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China
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19
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Peng SK, Yang H, Luo D, Ning GH, Li D. A Highly NIR Emissive Cu 16 Pd 1 Nanocluster. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023:e2306863. [PMID: 37963848 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202306863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
The construction of stable copper nanoclusters (Cu-NCs) with near-infrared (NIR) emission that can be used for catalysis is highly desired, yet remains a challenge. Herein, an atomically precise bimetallic Cu/Pd NC with a molecular formula of Cu16 Pd1 L10 (PPh3 )2 (Pz)6 (Pz = 3,5-(CF3 )2 Pyrazolate, L = 4-CH3 OPhC≡C- ), abbreviated as Cu16 Pd1 , is synthesized. Single-crystal X-ray crystallographic analysis of Cu16 Pd1 reveals a Cu10 Pd1 kernel with pseudo-gyroelongated square bipyramid confirmation surrounded by other 6 Cu(I) ions and protected ligands. Interestingly, it exhibits strong NIR emission with the highest photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) among all the Cu NCs/Cu alloys (λem > 800 nm) in the solid-state, and also displays NIR emission in solution. Experimental results and theoretical calculations suggest that the impressive NIR emission is attributed to abundant supramolecular interactions in the solid-state, including intramolecular metal-metal and intermolecular interactions. Of note, the bimetallic Cu16 Pd1 can catalyze the reduction of 4-nitrophenol. This work provides a novel method for synthesizing Cu/Pd NCs and reminds that the less studied Cu/Pd NC can serve as outstanding luminescent material, which is seldom noticed in atomically precise nanoclusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Kao Peng
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science and, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, P. R. China
| | - Hu Yang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science and, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, P. R. China
| | - Dong Luo
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science and, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, P. R. China
| | - Guo-Hong Ning
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science and, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, P. R. China
| | - Dan Li
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science and, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, P. R. China
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20
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Zhang MM, Gao KK, Dong XY, Si Y, Jia T, Han Z, Zang SQ, Mak TCW. Chiral Hydride Cu 18 Clusters Transform to Superatomic Cu 15Ag 4 Clusters: Circularly Polarized Luminescence Lighting. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:22310-22316. [PMID: 37788459 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c08241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
The manipulation of metal cluster enantiomers and their reconstruction remain challenging. Here, for the first time, we report an enantiomeric pair of hydride copper clusters [Cu18H(R/S-PEA)12](BF4)5 (R/S-Cu18H) made using designed chiral ligands. By manipulation of R/S-Cu18H with Ag+ ions, H- ions are released, leading to the reconstruction of 15 Cu atoms. Moreover, 4 Ag atoms replaced Cu atoms at the specific sites, resulting in the formation of homochiral [Cu15Ag4(R/S-PEA)12](BF4)5 (R/S-Cu15Ag4) with an isomorphic metal skeleton. This process was accompanied by a reduction reaction generating two free valence elections in the chiral alloying counterparts, which displayed orange emission. The solid-state R/S-Cu15Ag4 exhibited a photoluminescence quantum yield of 7.02% and excellent circularly polarized luminescence. The chiral transformations were resolved by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The development of chiral copper hydride precursor-based metal clusters with chiroptical activities holds tremendous promise for advancing the field of optoelectronics and enabling new applications in lighting, displays, and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao-Miao Zhang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Crystalline Molecular Functional Materials, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Tumor Theranostical Cluster Materials, Key Laboratory of Special Environmental Functional Materials (Zhengzhou University), Ministry of Education, Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Kai-Kai Gao
- Henan Key Laboratory of Crystalline Molecular Functional Materials, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Tumor Theranostical Cluster Materials, Key Laboratory of Special Environmental Functional Materials (Zhengzhou University), Ministry of Education, Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xi-Yan Dong
- Henan Key Laboratory of Crystalline Molecular Functional Materials, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Tumor Theranostical Cluster Materials, Key Laboratory of Special Environmental Functional Materials (Zhengzhou University), Ministry of Education, Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, China
| | - Yubing Si
- Henan Key Laboratory of Crystalline Molecular Functional Materials, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Tumor Theranostical Cluster Materials, Key Laboratory of Special Environmental Functional Materials (Zhengzhou University), Ministry of Education, Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Teng Jia
- Henan Key Laboratory of Crystalline Molecular Functional Materials, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Tumor Theranostical Cluster Materials, Key Laboratory of Special Environmental Functional Materials (Zhengzhou University), Ministry of Education, Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Zhen Han
- Henan Key Laboratory of Crystalline Molecular Functional Materials, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Tumor Theranostical Cluster Materials, Key Laboratory of Special Environmental Functional Materials (Zhengzhou University), Ministry of Education, Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Shuang-Quan Zang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Crystalline Molecular Functional Materials, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Tumor Theranostical Cluster Materials, Key Laboratory of Special Environmental Functional Materials (Zhengzhou University), Ministry of Education, Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Thomas C W Mak
- Henan Key Laboratory of Crystalline Molecular Functional Materials, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Tumor Theranostical Cluster Materials, Key Laboratory of Special Environmental Functional Materials (Zhengzhou University), Ministry of Education, Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China
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21
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Peng QC, Si YB, Yuan JW, Yang Q, Gao ZY, Liu YY, Wang ZY, Li K, Zang SQ, Zhong Tang B. High Performance Dynamic X-ray Flexible Imaging Realized Using a Copper Iodide Cluster-Based MOF Microcrystal Scintillator. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202308194. [PMID: 37366600 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202308194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
X-ray imaging technology has achieved important applications in many fields and has attracted extensive attentions. Dynamic X-ray flexible imaging for the real-time observation of the internal structure of complex materials is the most challenging type of X-ray imaging technology, which requires high-performance X-ray scintillators with high X-ray excited luminescence (XEL) efficiency as well as excellent processibility and stability. Here, a macrocyclic bridging ligand with aggregation-induced emission (AIE) feature was introduced for constructing a copper iodide cluster-based metal-organic framework (MOF) scintillator. This strategy endows the scintillator with high XEL efficiency and excellent chemical stability. Moreover, a regular rod-like microcrystal was prepared through the addition of polyvinyl pyrrolidone during the in situ synthesis process, which further enhanced the XEL and processibility of the scintillator. The microcrystal was used for the preparation of a scintillator screen with excellent flexibility and stability, which can be used for high-performance X-ray imaging in extremely humid environments. Furthermore, dynamic X-ray flexible imaging was realized for the first time. The internal structure of flexible objects was observed in real time with an ultrahigh resolution of 20 LP mm-1 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu-Chen Peng
- Henan Key Laboratory of Crystalline Molecular Functional Materials, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Tumor Theranostic Cluster Materials, Key Laboratory of Special Environmental Functional Materials (Zhengzhou University), Ministry of Education, Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Yu-Bing Si
- Henan Key Laboratory of Crystalline Molecular Functional Materials, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Tumor Theranostic Cluster Materials, Key Laboratory of Special Environmental Functional Materials (Zhengzhou University), Ministry of Education, Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Jia-Wang Yuan
- Henan Key Laboratory of Crystalline Molecular Functional Materials, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Tumor Theranostic Cluster Materials, Key Laboratory of Special Environmental Functional Materials (Zhengzhou University), Ministry of Education, Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Qi Yang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Crystalline Molecular Functional Materials, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Tumor Theranostic Cluster Materials, Key Laboratory of Special Environmental Functional Materials (Zhengzhou University), Ministry of Education, Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Zi-Ying Gao
- Henan Key Laboratory of Crystalline Molecular Functional Materials, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Tumor Theranostic Cluster Materials, Key Laboratory of Special Environmental Functional Materials (Zhengzhou University), Ministry of Education, Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Liu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Crystalline Molecular Functional Materials, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Tumor Theranostic Cluster Materials, Key Laboratory of Special Environmental Functional Materials (Zhengzhou University), Ministry of Education, Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Zhao-Yang Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Crystalline Molecular Functional Materials, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Tumor Theranostic Cluster Materials, Key Laboratory of Special Environmental Functional Materials (Zhengzhou University), Ministry of Education, Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Kai Li
- Henan Key Laboratory of Crystalline Molecular Functional Materials, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Tumor Theranostic Cluster Materials, Key Laboratory of Special Environmental Functional Materials (Zhengzhou University), Ministry of Education, Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Shuang-Quan Zang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Crystalline Molecular Functional Materials, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Tumor Theranostic Cluster Materials, Key Laboratory of Special Environmental Functional Materials (Zhengzhou University), Ministry of Education, Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- School of Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Aggregate Science and Technology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518172, China
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22
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Kang M, Gao B, Zhang S, Hao P, Li G, Shen J, Fu Y. The effect of conjugation degree of aromatic carboxylic acids on electronic and photo-responsive behaviors of naphthalenediimide-based coordination polymers. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:12030-12037. [PMID: 37581277 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt01662e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
Three novel naphthalenediimide-based (NDI-based) coordination polymers (CPs), namely [Cd(3-PMNDI)(2,2'-BPDC)] (1), [Cd2(3-PMNDI)1.5(4,4'-BPDC)2(H2O)3]·DMF (2) and [Cd(3-PMNDI)(4,4'-SDC)] (3) (2,2'-H2BPDC = 2,2'-biphenyldicarboxylic acid, 4,4'-H2BPDC = 4,4'-biphenyldicarboxylic acid, 4,4'-H2SDC = 4,4'-stilbenedicarboxylic acid, 3-PMNDI = N,N'-bis(3-pyridylmethyl)-1,4,5,8-naphthalenediimide, and DMF = N,N'-dimethylformamide), have been designed and synthesized here from electron-deficient PMNDI (electron acceptors, EAs) and electron-rich aromatic carboxylic acids (electron donors, EDs) in the presence of cadmium ions. The introduction of aromatic carboxylic acids with different sizes and conjugation degrees leads to the generation of a two-dimensional (2D) layer in 1, a two-fold interpenetrated three-dimensional (3D) network in 2 and an eight-fold interpenetrated 3D framework in 3. Furthermore, the use of distinct electron-donating aromatic carboxylic acids and the consequent different numbers and strengths of lone pair-π and π-π interactions in the interfacial contacts of EDs/EAs give rise to distinct intermolecular charge transfer (ICT) and initial colors of the three CPs, and consequently cause different photoinduced intermolecular electron transfer (PIET) and distinguishing photo-responsive behaviors (weak photochromic performance for 1, excellent photochromic properties for 2 and non-photochromism for 3). This study indicates that an appropriate ICT is beneficial for PIET, but too weak or too strong ICT is not conducive to PIET, which provides an effective strategy for the construction of functional CPs with distinguishing photo-responsive properties through the subtle balance of ICT and PIET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Kang
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules & Magnetic Information Materials Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Science, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan 030031, China.
| | - Bohong Gao
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules & Magnetic Information Materials Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Science, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan 030031, China.
| | - Shimin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules & Magnetic Information Materials Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Science, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan 030031, China.
| | - Pengfei Hao
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules & Magnetic Information Materials Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Science, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan 030031, China.
| | - Gaopeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules & Magnetic Information Materials Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Science, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan 030031, China.
| | - Junju Shen
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules & Magnetic Information Materials Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Science, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan 030031, China.
| | - Yunlong Fu
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules & Magnetic Information Materials Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Science, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan 030031, China.
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23
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Romo-Islas G, Ward JS, Rissanen K, Rodríguez L. Heterometallic Au(I)-Cu(I) Clusters: Luminescence Studies and 1O 2 Production. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:8101-8111. [PMID: 37191273 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c00046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Two different organometallic gold(I) compounds containing naphthalene and phenanthrene as fluorophores and 2-pyridyldiphenylphosphane as the ancillary ligand were synthesized (compounds 1 with naphthalene and 2 with phenanthrene). They were reacted with three different copper(I) salts with different counterions (PF6-, OTf-, and BF4-; OTf = triflate) to obtain six Au(I)/Cu(I) heterometallic clusters (compounds 1a-c for naphthalene derivatives and 2a-c for phenanthrene derivatives). The heterometallic compounds present red pure room-temperature phosphorescence in both solution, the solid state, and air-equilibrated samples, as a difference with the dual emission recorded for the gold(I) precursors 1 and 2. The presence of Au(I)-Cu(I) metallophilic contacts has been identified using single-crystal X-ray diffraction structure resolution of two of the compounds, which play a direct role in the resulting red-shifted emission with respect to the gold(I) homometallic precursors. Polystyrene (PS) and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) polymeric matrices were doped with our luminescent compounds, and the resulting changes in their emissive properties were analyzed and compared with those previously recorded in the solution and the solid state. All complexes were tested to analyze their ability to produce 1O2 and present very good values of ΦΔ up to 50%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Romo-Islas
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Secció de Química Inorgànica, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia (IN2UB), Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jas S Ward
- Department of Chemistry, University of Jyvaskyla, P.O. Box 35, 40014 Jyvaskyla, Finland
| | - Kari Rissanen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Jyvaskyla, P.O. Box 35, 40014 Jyvaskyla, Finland
| | - Laura Rodríguez
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Secció de Química Inorgànica, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia (IN2UB), Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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