1
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Subbotina E, Souza LR, Zimmerman J, Anastas P. Room temperature catalytic upgrading of unpurified lignin depolymerization oil into bisphenols and butene-2. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5892. [PMID: 39003256 PMCID: PMC11246530 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49812-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Lignin is the largest source of renewable aromatics on earth. Despite numerous techniques for lignin depolymerization into mixtures of valuable monomers, methods for their upgrading into final products are scarce. The state of the art upgrading methods generally rely on catalytic funneling, requiring high temperatures, catalyst loadings and hydrogen pressure, and lead to the loss of functionality and bio-based carbon content. Here an alternative approach is presented, whereby the target monomers are selectively converted in unpurified mixtures into easily separable final products under mild conditions. We use reductive catalytic fractionation of wood to convert lignin into iso-eugenol and propenyl syringol enriched oil followed by an olefin metathesis to yield bisphenols and butene-2, thus, valorizing all bio-based carbons. To further demonstrate the synthetic utility of the obtained bisphenols we converted them into polyesters with a high glass transition temperature (Tg = 140.3 °C) and thermal stability (Td50% = 330 °C).
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Subbotina
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect St, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, Wallenberg Wood Science Center, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 56, 100 44, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Center for Green Chemistry & Green Engineering at Yale, 370 Prospect St, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Layra Rodrigues Souza
- Center for Green Chemistry & Green Engineering at Yale, 370 Prospect St, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Julie Zimmerman
- Center for Green Chemistry & Green Engineering at Yale, 370 Prospect St, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, 17 Hillhouse Ave, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale School of the Environment, 195 Prospect St, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Paul Anastas
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect St, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Center for Green Chemistry & Green Engineering at Yale, 370 Prospect St, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, 17 Hillhouse Ave, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Yale School of the Environment, 195 Prospect St, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Yale School of Public Health, 60 College St, New Haven, CT, USA.
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2
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De Smet G, Bai X, Maes BUW. Selective C(aryl)-O bond cleavage in biorenewable phenolics. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:5489-5551. [PMID: 38634517 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00570d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Biorefining of lignocellulosic biomass via a lignin first approach delivers a range of products with high oxygen content. Besides pulp, a lignin oil rich in guaiacols and syringols is obtained bearing multiple C(aryl)-OH and C(aryl)-OMe groups, typically named phenolics. Similarly, technical lignin can be used but is generally more difficult to process providing lower yields of monomers. Removal of the hydroxy and methoxy groups in these oxygenated arenes is challenging due to the inherently strong C-O bonds, in addition to the steric and electronic deactivation by adjacent -OH or -OMe groups. Moreover, chemoselective removal of a specific group in the presence of other similar functionalities is non-trivial. Other side-reactions such as ring saturation and transalkylation further complicate the desired reduction process. In this overview, three different selective reduction reactions are considered. Complete hydrodeoxygenation removes both hydroxy and methoxy groups resulting in benzene and alkylated derivatives (BTX type products) which is often complicated by overreduction of the arene ring. Hydrodemethoxylation selectively removes methoxy groups in the presence of hydroxy groups leading to phenol products, while hydrodehydroxylation only removes hydroxy groups without cleavage of methoxy groups giving anisole products. Instead of defunctionalization via reduction transformation of C(aryl)-OH, albeit via an initial derivatization into C(aryl)-OX, into other functionalities is possible and also discussed. In addition to methods applying guaiacols and syringols present in lignin oil as model substrates, special attention is given to methods using mixtures of these compounds obtained from wood/technical lignin. Finally, other important aspects of C-O bond activation with respect to green chemistry are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilles De Smet
- Organic Synthesis Division (ORSY), Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Xingfeng Bai
- Organic Synthesis Division (ORSY), Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Bert U W Maes
- Organic Synthesis Division (ORSY), Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium
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3
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Peng J, Lei L, Hou Y, Chen S. Study on cultivation of aerobic granular sludge and its application in degrading lignin models in the sequencing batch biofilter granular reactor. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2024; 89:2907-2920. [PMID: 38877621 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2024.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
In this study, three sequencing batch biofilter granular reactors (SBBGRs) were employed to treat model lignin wastewater containing different lignin models (2,6-dimethoxyphenol, 4-methoxyphenol, and vanillin). After 40 days of cultivation, uniform-shaped aerobic granular sludge (AGS) was successfully developed through nutrient supplementation with synthetic wastewater. During the acclimation stage, the chemical oxygen demand (COD) reduction efficiencies of the three reactors showed a trend of initial decreasing (5-20%) and then recovering to a high reduction efficiency (exceeding 90%) in a short period of time. During the stable operation stage, all three reactors achieved COD reduction efficiencies exceeding 90%. These findings indicated the cultivated AGS's robust resistance to changes in lignin models in water. UV-Vis spectra analysis confirmed the effective degradation of the three lignin models. Microbiological analysis showed that Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes were always the dominant phyla. At the genus level, while Acinetobacter (15.46%) dominated in the inoculation sludge, Kapabacteriales (7.93%), SBR1031 (11.77%), and Chlorobium (25.37%) were dominant in the three reactors (for 2,6-dimethoxyphenol, 4-methoxyphenol, and vanillin) after degradation, respectively. These findings demonstrate that AGS cultured with SBBGR effectively degrades lignin models, with different dominant strains observed for various lignin models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingran Peng
- College of Light Industry Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Lirong Lei
- College of Light Industry Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China E-mail:
| | - Yi Hou
- College of Light Industry Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Shuangshuang Chen
- College of Light Industry Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
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4
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Li Q, Peng W, Sun Y, Cai C, Tang F, Liu Y, Hu Q, Zhou Z, Li X, Nie S. A super-hydrophilic graphite directly from lignin enabled by a room-temperature cascade catalytic carbonization. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 402:130802. [PMID: 38718902 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.130802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/27/2024]
Abstract
A cost-effective, and low-energy room-temperature cascade catalytic carbonization strategy is demonstrated for converting lignin into graphite with a high yield of 87 %, a high surface potential of -37 eV and super-hydrophilicity. This super-hydrophilic feature endows the lignin-derived graphite to be dispersed in a variety of polar solvents, which is important for its future applications. Encapsulating of liquid metals with the graphite for electrical circuit patterning on flexible substrates is also advocated. These written patterns show superb conductivity of 4.9 × 106 S/m, offering good performance stability and reliability while being repeatedly stretched, folded, twisted, and bent. This will offer new designs for flexible electronic devices, sensors, and biomedical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuxian Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control, School of Light Industrial and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China
| | - Wenxuan Peng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control, School of Light Industrial and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China
| | - Yue Sun
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control, School of Light Industrial and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China
| | - Chenchen Cai
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control, School of Light Industrial and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China
| | - Fangyuan Tang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control, School of Light Industrial and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China
| | - Yongfei Liu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control, School of Light Industrial and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China
| | - Qingdi Hu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control, School of Light Industrial and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China
| | - Zheng Zhou
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control, School of Light Industrial and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China
| | - Xusheng Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control, School of Light Industrial and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China.
| | - Shuangxi Nie
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control, School of Light Industrial and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China
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5
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Bécsy-Jakab VE, Savoy A, Saulnier BK, Singh SK, Hodge DB. Extraction, recovery, and characterization of lignin from industrial corn stover lignin cake. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 399:130610. [PMID: 38508284 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.130610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Lignin utilization in value-added co-products is an important component of enabling cellulosic biorefinery economics. However, aqueous dilute acid pretreatments yield lignins with limited applications due to significant modification during pretreatment, low solubility in many solvents, and high content of impurities (ash, insoluble polysaccharides). This work addresses these challenges and investigates the extraction and recovery of lignins from lignin-rich insoluble residue following dilute acid pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis of corn stover using three extraction approaches: ethanol organosolv, NaOH, and an ionic liquid. The recovered lignins exhibited recovery yields ranging from 30% for the ionic liquid, 44% for the most severe acid ethanol organosolv condition tested, and up to 86% for the most severe NaOH extraction condition. Finally, the fractional solubilities of different recovered lignins were assessed in a range of solvents and these solubilities were used to estimate distributions of Hildebrand and Hansen solubility parameters using a novel approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Villő Enikő Bécsy-Jakab
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, USA
| | - Anthony Savoy
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, USA
| | - Brian K Saulnier
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, USA
| | - Sandip K Singh
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, USA
| | - David B Hodge
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, USA; Division of Sustainable Process Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden.
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6
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Rashid GMM, Rivière GN, Cottyn-Boitte B, Majira A, Cézard L, Sodré V, Lam R, Fairbairn JA, Baumberger S, Bugg TDH. Ether Bond Cleavage of a Phenylcoumaran β-5 Lignin Model Compound and Polymeric Lignin Catalysed by a LigE-type Etherase from Agrobacterium sp. Chembiochem 2024; 25:e202400132. [PMID: 38416537 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202400132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
A LigE-type beta-etherase enzyme from lignin-degrading Agrobacterium sp. has been identified, which assists degradation of polymeric lignins. Testing against lignin dimer model compounds revealed that it does not catalyse the previously reported reaction of Sphingobium SYK-6 LigE, but instead shows activity for a β-5 phenylcoumaran lignin dimer. The reaction products did not contain glutathione, indicating a catalytic role for reduced glutathione in this enzyme. Three reaction products were identified: the major product was a cis-stilbene arising from C-C fragmentation involving loss of formaldehyde; two minor products were an alkene arising from elimination of glutathione, and an oxidised ketone, proposed to arise from reaction of an intermediate with molecular oxygen. Testing of the recombinant enzyme against a soda lignin revealed the formation of new signals by two-dimensional NMR analysis, whose chemical shifts are consistent with the formation of a stilbene unit in polymeric lignin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goran M M Rashid
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Guillaume N Rivière
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institute Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), 78000, Versailles, France
| | - Betty Cottyn-Boitte
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institute Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), 78000, Versailles, France
| | - Amel Majira
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institute Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), 78000, Versailles, France
| | - Laurent Cézard
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institute Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), 78000, Versailles, France
| | - Victoria Sodré
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Lam
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Julia A Fairbairn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Stéphanie Baumberger
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institute Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), 78000, Versailles, France
| | - Timothy D H Bugg
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
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7
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Agarwal A, Li X. LiCoO 2 impregnated nano-hierarchical ZSM-5 assisted catalytic upgrading of Kraft lignin-derived liquefaction bio-oil. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:7019-7030. [PMID: 38511999 DOI: 10.1039/d4nr00358f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
In this study, Kraft lignin-derived bio-oil was upgraded with LiCoO2 or Co3O4-impregnated hierarchical nano-ZSM-5 catalysts. The synthesized catalysts were characterized by N2-Ads-Des, XRD, XPS, NH3-TPD, FTIR, FESEM and ICP-OES analyses. Upon incorporation of LiCoO2 and Co3O4 onto the HZSM-5 support, the MFI structure of HZSM-5 remained intact. All the catalysts displayed a combination of Type-I and -IV isotherms. The upgraded bio-oil showed a significant increase in the amounts of alkylated guaiacols owing to the reduction in unsubstituted guaiacols, alkenyl guaiacols, and homovanillic acid. Hydrogenation, alkylation, and deoxygenation were the plausible bio-oil upgrading pathways. With the increase in cobalt content, weak acidity decreased through all the catalysts, while LiCoO2 provided supplementary acid sites that increased the total acidity of LiCoO2/HZSM-5 compared to the Co3O4/HZSM-5 catalyst. LiCoO2/HZSM-5 with a low cobalt content (5% and 10% Co) displayed high selectivity for the production of alkylated guaiacols owing to their strong acidity. The upgraded bio-oils showed an increase in carbon and hydrogen followed by a decrease in oxygen content. The maximum higher heating value (∼29.83 MJ kg-1) was obtained for the 10% Co (LiCoO2)/HZSM-5 catalyst. In general, LiCoO2/HZSM-5 outperformed the Co3O4/HZSM-5 catalyst. XRD of the spent 10% Co (LiCoO2)/HZSM-5 suggested the complete loss of lithium from the catalyst with the retention of the MFI structure of the HZSM-5 support. In this study, it was successfully demonstrated that the main constituent of the cathode material of spent lithium-ion batteries i.e. LiCoO2 could be employed to synthesize a novel and cheap catalyst for bio-oil upgrading while addressing the e-waste management issue in a sustainable manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashutosh Agarwal
- Department of Environment and Energy Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
- Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, 487372, Singapore.
| | - Xue Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Luoyang Institute of Science and Technology, Louyang, 471023, P.R. China.
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8
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Wu X, Smet E, Brandi F, Raikwar D, Zhang Z, Maes BUW, Sels BF. Advancements and Perspectives toward Lignin Valorization via O-Demethylation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202317257. [PMID: 38128012 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202317257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Lignin represents the largest aromatic carbon resource in plants, holding significant promise as a renewable feedstock for bioaromatics and other cyclic hydrocarbons in the context of the circular bioeconomy. However, the methoxy groups of aryl methyl ethers, abundantly found in technical lignins and lignin-derived chemicals, limit their pertinent chemical reactivity and broader applicability. Unlocking the phenolic hydroxyl functionality through O-demethylation (ODM) has emerged as a valuable approach to mitigate this need and enables further applications. In this review, we provide a comprehensive summary of the progress in the valorization of technical lignin and lignin-derived chemicals via ODM, both catalytic and non-catalytic reactions. Furthermore, a detailed analysis of the properties and potential applications of the O-demethylated products is presented, accompanied by a systematic overview of available ODM reactions. This review primarily focuses on enhancing the phenolic hydroxyl content in lignin-derived species through ODM, showcasing its potential in the catalytic funneling of lignin and value-added applications. A comprehensive synopsis and future outlook are included in the concluding section of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Wu
- Center for Sustainable Catalysis and Engineering, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ewoud Smet
- Organic Synthesis Division, Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Francesco Brandi
- Center for Sustainable Catalysis and Engineering, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Deepak Raikwar
- Center for Sustainable Catalysis and Engineering, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Zhenlei Zhang
- Center for Sustainable Catalysis and Engineering, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bert U W Maes
- Organic Synthesis Division, Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Bert F Sels
- Center for Sustainable Catalysis and Engineering, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
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9
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Cordell GA. The contemporary nexus of medicines security and bioprospecting: a future perspective for prioritizing the patient. NATURAL PRODUCTS AND BIOPROSPECTING 2024; 14:11. [PMID: 38270809 PMCID: PMC10811317 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-024-00431-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Reacting to the challenges presented by the evolving nexus of environmental change, defossilization, and diversified natural product bioprospecting is vitally important for advancing global healthcare and placing patient benefit as the most important consideration. This overview emphasizes the importance of natural and synthetic medicines security and proposes areas for global research action to enhance the quality, safety, and effectiveness of sustainable natural medicines. Following a discussion of some contemporary factors influencing natural products, a rethinking of the paradigms in natural products research is presented in the interwoven contexts of the Fourth and Fifth Industrial Revolutions and based on the optimization of the valuable assets of Earth. Following COP28, bioprospecting is necessary to seek new classes of bioactive metabolites and enzymes for chemoenzymatic synthesis. Focus is placed on those performance and practice modifications which, in a sustainable manner, establish the patient, and the maintenance of their prophylactic and treatment needs, as the priority. Forty initiatives for natural products in healthcare are offered for the patient and the practitioner promoting global action to address issues of sustainability, environmental change, defossilization, quality control, product consistency, and neglected diseases to assure that quality natural medicinal agents will be accessible for future generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey A Cordell
- Natural Products Inc., 1320 Ashland Avenue, Evanston, IL, 60201, USA.
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
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10
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Xu L, Cao M, Zhou J, Pang Y, Li Z, Yang D, Leu SY, Lou H, Pan X, Qiu X. Aqueous amine enables sustainable monosaccharide, monophenol, and pyridine base coproduction in lignocellulosic biorefineries. Nat Commun 2024; 15:734. [PMID: 38272912 PMCID: PMC10810809 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45073-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Thought-out utilization of entire lignocellulose is of great importance to achieving sustainable and cost-effective biorefineries. However, there is a trade-off between efficient carbohydrate utilization and lignin-to-chemical conversion yield. Here, we fractionate corn stover into a carbohydrate fraction with high enzymatic digestibility and reactive lignin with satisfactory catalytic depolymerization activity using a mild high-solid process with aqueous diethylamine (DEA). During the fractionation, in situ amination of lignin achieves extensive delignification, effective lignin stabilization, and dramatically reduced nonproductive adsorption of cellulase on the substrate. Furthermore, by designing a tandem fractionation-hydrogenolysis strategy, the dissolved lignin is depolymerized and aminated simultaneously to co-produce monophenolics and pyridine bases. The process represents the viable scheme of transforming real lignin into pyridine bases in high yield, resulting from the reactions between cleaved lignin side chains and amines. This work opens a promising approach to the efficient valorization of lignocellulose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Green Chemical Product Technology, State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China
| | - Meifang Cao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Green Chemical Product Technology, State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China
| | - Jiefeng Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Green Chemical Product Technology, State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China
| | - Yuxia Pang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Green Chemical Product Technology, State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China
| | - Zhixian Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Green Chemical Product Technology, State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China
| | - Dongjie Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Green Chemical Product Technology, State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China
| | - Shao-Yuan Leu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hongming Lou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Green Chemical Product Technology, State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China.
| | - Xuejun Pan
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Xueqing Qiu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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11
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Afanasenko AM, Wu X, De Santi A, Elgaher WAM, Kany AM, Shafiei R, Schulze MS, Schulz TF, Haupenthal J, Hirsch AKH, Barta K. Clean Synthetic Strategies to Biologically Active Molecules from Lignin: A Green Path to Drug Discovery. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202308131. [PMID: 37840425 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202308131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Deriving active pharmaceutical agents from renewable resources is crucial to increasing the economic feasibility of modern biorefineries and promises to alleviate critical supply-chain dependencies in pharma manufacturing. Our multidisciplinary approach combines research in lignin-first biorefining, sustainable catalysis, and alternative solvents with bioactivity screening, an in vivo efficacy study, and a structural-similarity search. The resulting sustainable path to novel anti-infective, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer molecules enabled the rapid identification of frontrunners for key therapeutic indications, including an anti-infective against the priority pathogen Streptococcus pneumoniae with efficacy in vivo and promising plasma and metabolic stability. Our catalytic methods provided straightforward access, inspired by the innate structural features of lignin, to synthetically challenging biologically active molecules with the core structure of dopamine, namely, tetrahydroisoquinolines, quinazolinones, 3-arylindoles and the natural product tetrahydropapaveroline. Our diverse array of atom-economic transformations produces only harmless side products and uses benign reaction media, such as tunable deep eutectic solvents for modulating reactivity in challenging cyclization steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasiia M Afanasenko
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen (the, Netherlands
| | - Xianyuan Wu
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen (the, Netherlands
| | - Alessandra De Santi
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen (the, Netherlands
| | - Walid A M Elgaher
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS)-Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Campus Building E8.1, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Andreas M Kany
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS)-Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Campus Building E8.1, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Roya Shafiei
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS)-Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Campus Building E8.1, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
- Saarland University, Department of Pharmacy, Campus Building E8.1, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | | | - Thomas F Schulz
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany
- Institute of Virology, Cluster of Excellence RESIST (EXC 2155), Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jörg Haupenthal
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS)-Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Campus Building E8.1, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Anna K H Hirsch
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS)-Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Campus Building E8.1, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
- Saarland University, Department of Pharmacy, Campus Building E8.1, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
- Institute of Virology, Cluster of Excellence RESIST (EXC 2155), Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Katalin Barta
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen (the, Netherlands
- Institute for Chemistry, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28/II, 8010, Graz, Austria
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12
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Du F, Xian X, Tang P, Li Y. Catalytic Degradation of Lignin over Sulfonyl-Chloride-Modified Lignin-Based Porous Carbon-Supported Metal Phthalocyanine: Effect of Catalyst Concentrations. Molecules 2024; 29:347. [PMID: 38257260 PMCID: PMC10820591 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29020347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
A sulfonyl-chloride-modified lignin-based porous carbon-supported metal phthalocyanine catalyst was prepared and used to replace the traditional Fenton's reagent for lignin degradation. The catalyst underwent a detailed characterization analysis in terms of functional group distributions, surface area, morphological structure, via FT-IR, XPS, BET, and SEM. The catalyst possessed a specific surface area of 638.98 m2/g and a pore volume of 0.291 cm3/g. The prepared catalyst was studied for its ability of oxidative degradation of lignin under different reaction conditions. By optimizing the reaction conditions, a maximum liquid product yield of 38.94% was obtained at 135 °C with 3.5 wt% of catalyst and 15 × 10-2 mol/L H2O2; at the same time, a maximum phenols selectivity of 32.58% was achieved. The compositions and properties of liquid products obtained from lignin degradation using different catalyst concentrations were studied comparatively via GC-MS, FT-IR, 1H-NMR, and EA. Furthermore, the structure changes of solid residues are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yanming Li
- High Performance Materials Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning 530007, China; (F.D.)
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13
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Gu NX, Palumbo CT, Bleem AC, Sullivan KP, Haugen SJ, Woodworth SP, Ramirez KJ, Kenny JK, Stanley LD, Katahira R, Stahl SS, Beckham GT. Autoxidation Catalysis for Carbon-Carbon Bond Cleavage in Lignin. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2023; 9:2277-2285. [PMID: 38161372 PMCID: PMC10755848 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.3c00813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Selective lignin depolymerization is a key step in lignin valorization to value-added products, and there are multiple catalytic methods to cleave labile aryl-ether bonds in lignin. However, the overall aromatic monomer yield is inherently limited by refractory carbon-carbon linkages, which are abundant in lignin and remain intact during most selective lignin deconstruction processes. In this work, we demonstrate that a Co/Mn/Br-based catalytic autoxidation method promotes carbon-carbon bond cleavage in acetylated lignin oligomers produced from reductive catalytic fractionation. The oxidation products include acetyl vanillic acid and acetyl vanillin, which are ideal substrates for bioconversion. Using an engineered strain of Pseudomonas putida, we demonstrate the conversion of these aromatic monomers to cis,cis-muconic acid. Overall, this study demonstrates that autoxidation enables higher yields of bioavailable aromatic monomers, exceeding the limits set by ether-bond cleavage alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina X. Gu
- Renewable
Resources and Enabling Sciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Chad T. Palumbo
- Renewable
Resources and Enabling Sciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Alissa C. Bleem
- Renewable
Resources and Enabling Sciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Kevin P. Sullivan
- Renewable
Resources and Enabling Sciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Stefan J. Haugen
- Renewable
Resources and Enabling Sciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Sean P. Woodworth
- Renewable
Resources and Enabling Sciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Kelsey J. Ramirez
- Renewable
Resources and Enabling Sciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Jacob K. Kenny
- Renewable
Resources and Enabling Sciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Lisa D. Stanley
- Renewable
Resources and Enabling Sciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Rui Katahira
- Renewable
Resources and Enabling Sciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Shannon S. Stahl
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United
States
| | - Gregg T. Beckham
- Renewable
Resources and Enabling Sciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
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14
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Wang Z, Deuss PJ. The isolation of lignin with native-like structure. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 68:108230. [PMID: 37558187 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Searching for renewable alternatives for fossil carbon resources to produce chemicals, fuels and materials is essential for the development of a sustainable society. Lignin, a major component of lignocellulosic biomass, is an abundant renewable source of aromatics and is currently underutilized as it is often burned as an undesired side stream in the production of paper and bioethanol. This lignin harbors great potential as source of high value aromatic chemicals and materials. Biorefinery schemes focused on lignin are currently under development with aim of acquiring added value from lignin. However, the performance of these novel lignin-focused biorefineries is closely linked with the quality of extracted lignin in terms of the level of degradation and modification. Thus, the reactivity including the degradation pathways of the native lignin contained in the plant material needs to be understood in detail to potentially achieve higher value from lignin. Undegraded native-like lignin with an as close as possible structure to native lignin contained in the lignocellulosic plant material serves as a promising model lignin to support detailed studies on the structure and reactivity of native lignin, yielding key understanding for the development of lignin-focused biorefineries. The aim of this review is to highlight the different methods to attain "native-like" lignins that can be valuable for such studies. This is done by giving a basic introduction on what is known about the native lignin structure and the techniques and methods used to analyze it followed by an overview of the fractionation and isolation methods to isolate native-like lignin. Finally, a perspective on the isolation and use of native-like lignin is provided, showing the great potential that this type of lignin brings for understanding the effect of different biomass treatments on the native lignin structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwen Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering (ENTEG), University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747, AG, Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Peter J Deuss
- Department of Chemical Engineering (ENTEG), University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747, AG, Groningen, the Netherlands.
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15
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Peng W, Bao H, Wang Y, Cote E, Sagues WJ, Hagelin-Weaver H, Gao J, Xiao D, Tong Z. Selective Depolymerization of Lignin Towards Isolated Phenolic Acids Under Mild Conditions. CHEMSUSCHEM 2023; 16:e202300750. [PMID: 37419862 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202300750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
The selective transformation of lignin to value-added biochemicals (e. g., phenolic acids) in high yields is incredibly challenging due to its structural complexity and many possible reaction pathways. Phenolic acids (PA) are key building blocks for various aromatic polymers, but the isolation of PAs from lignin is below 5 wt.% and requires harsh reaction conditions. Herein, we demonstrate an effective route to selectively convert lignin extracted from sweet sorghum and poplar into isolated PA in a high yield (up to 20 wt.% of lignin) using a low-cost graphene oxide-urea hydrogen peroxide (GO-UHP) catalyst under mild conditions (<120 °C). The lignin conversion yield is up to 95 %, and the remaining low molecular weight organic oils are ready for aviation fuel production to complete lignin utilization. Mechanistic studies demonstrate that pre-acetylation allows the selective depolymerization of lignin to aromatic aldehydes with a decent yield by GO through the Cα activation of β-O-4 cleavage. A urea-hydrogen peroxide (UHP) oxidative process is followed to transform aldehydes in the depolymerized product to PAs by avoiding the undesired Dakin side reaction due to the electron-withdrawing effect of the acetyl group. This study opens a new way to selectively cleave lignin side chains to isolated biochemicals under mild conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Peng
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering Renewable Bioproduct Institute, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30318, USA
| | - Hanxi Bao
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (IFAS), University of Florida, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Yigui Wang
- Center for Integrative Materials Discovery, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of New Haven, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
| | - Elizabeth Cote
- Center for Integrative Materials Discovery, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of New Haven, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
| | - William J Sagues
- Department of Biological & Agricultural Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Halena Hagelin-Weaver
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Ji Gao
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering Renewable Bioproduct Institute, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30318, USA
| | - Dequan Xiao
- Center for Integrative Materials Discovery, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of New Haven, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
| | - Zhaohui Tong
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering Renewable Bioproduct Institute, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30318, USA
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16
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Dong L, Wang Y, Dong Y, Zhang Y, Pan M, Liu X, Gu X, Antonietti M, Chen Z. Sustainable production of dopamine hydrochloride from softwood lignin. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4996. [PMID: 37591869 PMCID: PMC10435513 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40702-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Dopamine is not only a widely used commodity pharmaceutical for treating neurological diseases but also a highly attractive base for advanced carbon materials. Lignin, the waste from the lignocellulosic biomass industry, is the richest source of renewable aromatics on earth. Efficient production of dopamine direct from lignin is a highly desirable target but extremely challenging. Here, we report an innovative strategy for the sustainable production of dopamine hydrochloride from softwood lignin with a mass yield of 6.4 wt.%. Significantly, the solid dopamine hydrochloride is obtained by a simple filtration process in purity of 98.0%, which avoids the tedious separation and purification steps. The approach begins with the acid-catalyzed depolymerization, followed by deprotection, hydrogen-borrowing amination, and hydrolysis of methoxy group, transforming lignin into dopamine hydrochloride. The technical economic analysis predicts that this process is an economically competitive production process. This study fulfills the unexplored potential of dopamine hydrochloride synthesis from lignin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Dong
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Longpan Road 159, 210037, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Research Institute of Industrial Catalysis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 200237, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanqin Wang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Research Institute of Industrial Catalysis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 200237, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yuguo Dong
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Longpan Road 159, 210037, Nanjing, China
| | - Yin Zhang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Longpan Road 159, 210037, Nanjing, China
| | - Mingzhu Pan
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Longpan Road 159, 210037, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Research Institute of Industrial Catalysis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 200237, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoli Gu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Longpan Road 159, 210037, Nanjing, China
| | - Markus Antonietti
- Department of Colloid Chemistry, Max-Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Research Campus Golm, Am Mühlenberg 1, Potsdam, 14476, Germany
| | - Zupeng Chen
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Longpan Road 159, 210037, Nanjing, China.
- Leibniz-Institute for Catalysis, University of Rostock, Albert Einstein Street, 29a, Rostock, 18059, Germany.
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17
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Suh SM, Jambu S, Chin MT, Diao T. Selective Cleavage of Lignin Model Compounds via a Reverse Biosynthesis Mechanism. Org Lett 2023; 25:4792-4796. [PMID: 37294132 PMCID: PMC10334464 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c01416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Selective depolymerization of lignin remains a significant challenge in biomass conversion. The biosynthesis of lignin involves the polymerization of monolignol building blocks through oxidative radical coupling reactions. A strategy for lignin degradation leverages photoredox deoxygenative radical formation to trigger reverse biosynthesis, which cleaves model compounds of the β-O-4 and β-5-β-O-4 linkages to produce monolignols, precursors to flavoring compounds. This mild method preserves important oxygen functionality and serves as a platform for achieving selective lignin depolymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Mi Suh
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Subramanian Jambu
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Mason T. Chin
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Tianning Diao
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, New York 10003, United States
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18
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Terholsen H, Meyer JRH, Zhang Z, Deuss PJ, Bornscheuer UT. Chemoenzymatic Cascade Reaction for the Valorization of the Lignin Depolymerization Product G-C2-Dioxolane Phenol. CHEMSUSCHEM 2023; 16:e202300168. [PMID: 36826410 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202300168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Combining solid acid catalysts with enzyme reactions in aqueous environments is challenging because either very acidic conditions inactivate the enzymes, or the solid acid catalyst is neutralized. In this study, Amberlyst-15 encapsulated in polydimethylsiloxane (Amb-15@PDMS) is used to deprotect the lignin depolymerization product G-C2 dioxolane phenol in a buffered system at pH 6.0. This reaction is directly coupled with the biocatalytic reduction of the released homovanillin to homovanillyl alcohol by recombinant horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase, which is subsequently acylated by the promiscuous acyltransferase/hydrolase PestE_I208A_L209F_N288A in a one-pot system. The deprotection catalyzed with Amb-15@PDMS attains up to 97 % conversion. Overall, this cascade enables conversions of up to 57 %.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrik Terholsen
- Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Biotechnology and Enzyme Catalysis, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Straße 4, 17487, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Jule R H Meyer
- Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Biotechnology and Enzyme Catalysis, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Straße 4, 17487, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Zhenlei Zhang
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chemical Technology, Engineering and Technology Institute Groningen, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Peter J Deuss
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chemical Technology, Engineering and Technology Institute Groningen, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Uwe T Bornscheuer
- Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Biotechnology and Enzyme Catalysis, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Straße 4, 17487, Greifswald, Germany
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19
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Li Y, Meng X, Meng R, Cai T, Pu Y, Zhao ZM, Ragauskas AJ. Valorization of homogeneous linear catechyl lignin: opportunities and challenges. RSC Adv 2023; 13:12750-12759. [PMID: 37101533 PMCID: PMC10124587 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra01546g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Lignin is the dominant aromatic renewable polymer on earth. Generally, its complex and heterogeneous structure hinders its high-value utilization. Catechyl lignin (C-lignin), a novel lignin discovered in the seed coats of vanilla and several members of Cactaceae, has received increasing attention due to its unique homogeneous linear structure. Obtaining substantial amounts of C-lignin either by gene regulation or effective isolation is essential to advance C-lignin's valorization. Through a fundamental understanding of the biosynthesis process, genetic engineering to promote the accumulation of C-lignin in certain plants was developed to facilitate C-lignin valorization. Various isolation methods were also developed to isolate C-lignin, among which deep eutectic solvents (DESs) treatment is one of the most promising approaches to fractionate C-lignin from biomass materials. Since C-lignin is composed of homogeneous catechyl units, depolymerization to produce catechol monomers demonstrates a promising way for value-added utilization of C-lignin. Reductive catalytic fractionation (RCF) represents another emerging technology for effective depolymerizing C-lignin, leading to a narrow distribution of lignin-derived aromatic products (e.g., propyl and propenyl catechol). Meanwhile, the linear molecular structure predisposes C-lignin as a potential promising feedstock for preparing carbon fiber materials. In this review, the biosynthesis of this unique C-lignin in plants is summarized. C-lignin isolation from plants and various depolymerization approaches to obtaining aromatic products are overviewed with highlights on RCF process. Exploring new application areas based on C-lignin's unique homogeneous linear structure is also discussed with its potential for high-value utilization in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibing Li
- School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control & Wastes Reuse, Inner Mongolia University Hohhot 010021 China
| | - Xianzhi Meng
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee Knoxville TN 37996 USA
| | - Rongqian Meng
- School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control & Wastes Reuse, Inner Mongolia University Hohhot 010021 China
| | - Ting Cai
- Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Technology Extension Center Hohhot 010010 China
| | - Yunqiao Pu
- Center for Bioenergy Innovation (CBI), Joint Institute of Biological Science, Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge TN 37831 USA
| | - Zhi-Min Zhao
- School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control & Wastes Reuse, Inner Mongolia University Hohhot 010021 China
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee Knoxville TN 37996 USA
| | - Arthur J Ragauskas
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee Knoxville TN 37996 USA
- Center for Bioenergy Innovation (CBI), Joint Institute of Biological Science, Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge TN 37831 USA
- Center for Renewable Carbon, Department of Forestry, Wildlife, and Fisheries, University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture Knoxville TN 37996 USA
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20
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Sun X, Li Q, Wu H, Zhou Z, Feng S, Deng P, Zou H, Tian D, Lu C. Sustainable Starch/Lignin Nanoparticle Composites Biofilms for Food Packaging Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15081959. [PMID: 37112108 PMCID: PMC10141166 DOI: 10.3390/polym15081959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Construction of sustainable composite biofilms from natural biopolymers are greatly promising for advanced packaging applications due to their biodegradable, biocompatible, and renewable properties. In this work, sustainable advanced food packaging films are developed by incorporating lignin nanoparticles (LNPs) as green nanofillers to starch films. This seamless combination of bio-nanofiller with biopolymer matrix is enabled by the uniform size of nanofillers and the strong interfacial hydrogen bonding. As a result, the as-prepared biocomposites exhibit enhanced mechanical properties, thermal stability, and antioxidant activity. Moreover, they also present outstanding ultraviolet (UV) irradiation shielding performance. As a proof of concept in the application of food packaging, we evaluate the effect of composite films on delaying oxidative deterioration of soybean oil. The results indicate our composite film could significantly decrease peroxide value (POV), saponification value (SV), and acid value (AV) to delay oxidation of soybean oil during storage. Overall, this work provides a simple and effective method for the preparation of starch-based films with enhanced antioxidant and barrier properties for advanced food packaging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xunwen Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Qingye Li
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Hejun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
- College of Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China
| | - Zehang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Shiyi Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Pengcheng Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Huawei Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Dong Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
- Institute of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Canhui Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
- Advanced Polymer Materials Research Center, Sichuan University, Shishi 362700, China
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21
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Li J, Li Z, Dong J, Fang R, Chi Y, Hu C. Hexaniobate as a Recyclable Solid Base Catalyst to Activate C–H Bonds in Lignin Linkage Boosting the Production of Aromatic Monomers. ACS Catal 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c06206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Li
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Jing Dong
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, P. R. China
| | - Renbo Fang
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Yingnan Chi
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Changwen Hu
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
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22
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Ortega M, Manrique R, Jiménez R, Parreño M, Domine ME, Arteaga-Pérez LE. Secondary Amines from Catalytic Amination of Bio-Derived Phenolics over Pd/C and Rh/C: Effect of Operation Parameters. Catalysts 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/catal13040654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The production of renewable chemicals using lignocellulosic biomass has gained significant attention in green chemistry. Among biomass-derived chemicals, secondary amines have emerged as promising intermediates for synthetic applications. Here, we report a systematic study on the reductive amination of phenolics with cyclohexylamine using Pd/C and Rh/C as catalysts. The catalytic tests were performed in batch reactors under different reaction conditions (various: amine concentration (0.1–0.4 mol/L), hydrogen pressure (0–2.5 bar), temperature (80–160 °C), and substituted phenols (phenol, o-cresol, p-cresol, and methoxyphenol)) and using tert-amyl alcohol as a solvent. The experimental observations were consistent with a multi-step mechanism, where hydrogenation of phenol to cyclohexanone is followed by condensation of the ketone with cyclohexylamine to form an imine, which is finally hydrogenated to produce secondary amines. In addition, there was evidence of parallel self-condensation of the cyclohexylamine. The study also supported a limited dehydrogenation capacity of Rh/C, unlike Pd/C, which increases this capacity at higher temperatures generating a higher yield of cyclohexylaniline (up to 15%). The study of the alkylated phenols demonstrated that the nature and propensity of hydrogenation of the phenolic controls their amination. Kinetic analysis revealed reaction orders between 0.4 and 0.7 for H2, indicating its dissociative adsorption. Meanwhile, phenol’s order (between 1–1.8) suggests a single participation of this compound in the hydrogenation step. The order of 0.4 for cyclohexylamine suggests its participation as a surface-abundant species. The apparent activation energies derived from a power law approximation were of 37 kJ/mol and 10 kJ/mol on Pd/C and Rh/C, respectively.
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Rinken R, Posthuma D, Rinaldi R. Lignin Stabilization and Carbohydrate Nature in H-transfer Reductive Catalytic Fractionation: The Role of Solvent Fractionation of Lignin Oil in Structural Profiling. CHEMSUSCHEM 2023; 16:e202201875. [PMID: 36469562 PMCID: PMC10108069 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202201875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Reductive Catalytic Fractionation (RCF) of lignocellulosic materials produces lignin oil rich in monomer products and high-quality cellulosic pulps. RCF lignin oil also contains lignin oligomers/polymers and hemicellulose-derived carbohydrates. The variety of components makes lignin oil a complex matrix for analytical methods. As a result, the signals are often convoluted and overlapped, making detecting and quantifying key intermediates challenging. Therefore, to investigate the mechanisms underlining lignin stabilization and elucidate the structural features of carbohydrates occurring in the RCF lignin oil, fractionation methods reducing the RCF lignin oil complexity are required. This report examines the solvent fractionation of RCF lignin oil as a facile method for producing lignin oil fractions for advanced characterization. Solvent fractionation uses small volumes of environmentally benign solvents (methanol, acetone, and ethyl acetate) to produce multigram lignin fractions comprising products in different molecular weight ranges. This feature allows the determination of structural heterogeneity across the entire molecular weight distribution of the RCF lignin oil by high-resolution HSQC NMR spectroscopy. This study provides detailed insight into the role of the hydrogenation catalyst (Raney Ni) in stabilizing lignin fragments and defining the structural features of hemicellulose-derived carbohydrates in lignin oil obtained by the H-transfer RCF process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raul Rinken
- Department of Chemical EngineeringImperial College LondonSouth Kensington CampusSW7 2AZLondonUK
| | - Dean Posthuma
- Department of Chemical EngineeringImperial College LondonSouth Kensington CampusSW7 2AZLondonUK
| | - Roberto Rinaldi
- Department of Chemical EngineeringImperial College LondonSouth Kensington CampusSW7 2AZLondonUK
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24
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Employing Cu(II) complexes of N,O-donor ligand for catalysis in visible light driven cleavage of lignin C-C bonds. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2023.112947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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25
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Chen M, Li Y, Liu H, Zhang D, Shi QS, Zhong XQ, Guo Y, Xie XB. High value valorization of lignin as environmental benign antimicrobial. Mater Today Bio 2023; 18:100520. [PMID: 36590981 PMCID: PMC9800644 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2022.100520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Lignin is a natural aromatic polymer of p-hydroxyphenylpropanoids with various biological activities. Noticeably, plants have made use of lignin as biocides to defend themselves from pathogen microbial invasions. Thus, the use of isolated lignin as environmentally benign antimicrobial is believed to be a promising high value approach for lignin valorization. On the other hand, as green and sustainable product of plant photosynthesis, lignin should be beneficial to reduce the carbon footprint of antimicrobial industry. There have been many reports that make use of lignin to prepare antimicrobials for different applications. However, lignin is highly heterogeneous polymers different in their monomers, linkages, molecular weight, and functional groups. The structure and property relationship, and the mechanism of action of lignin as antimicrobial remains ambiguous. To show light on these issues, we reviewed the publications on lignin chemistry, antimicrobial activity of lignin models and isolated lignin and associated mechanism of actions, approaches in synthesis of lignin with improved antimicrobial activity, and the applications of lignin as antimicrobial in different fields. Hopefully, this review will help and inspire researchers in the preparation of lignin antimicrobial for their applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjie Chen
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application (MARA), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiome (MARA), State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, China
| | - Yan Li
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application (MARA), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiome (MARA), State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, China
- Liaoning Key Lab of Lignocellulose Chemistry and BioMaterials, Liaoning Collaborative Innovation Center for Lignocellulosic Biorefinery, College of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China
| | - Huiming Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application (MARA), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiome (MARA), State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, China
| | - Dandan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application (MARA), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiome (MARA), State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, China
| | - Qing-Shan Shi
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application (MARA), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiome (MARA), State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, China
| | - Xin-Qi Zhong
- Department of Neonatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China
| | - Yanzhu Guo
- Liaoning Key Lab of Lignocellulose Chemistry and BioMaterials, Liaoning Collaborative Innovation Center for Lignocellulosic Biorefinery, College of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China
| | - Xiao-Bao Xie
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application (MARA), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiome (MARA), State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, China
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26
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Li S, Park S, Sherman BD, Yoo CG, Leem G. Photoelectrochemical approaches for the conversion of lignin at room temperature. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:401-413. [PMID: 36519448 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc05491d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The selective cleavage of C-C/C-O linkages represents a key step toward achieving the chemical conversion of biomass to targeted value-added chemical products under ambient conditions. Using photoelectrosynthetic solar cells is a promising method to address the energy intensive depolymerization of lignin for the production of biofuels and valuable chemicals. This feature article gives an in-depth overview of recent progress using dye-sensitized photoelectrosynthetic solar cells (DSPECs) to initiate the cleavage of C-C/C-O bonds in lignin and related model compounds. This approach takes advantage of N-oxyl mediated catalysis in organic electrolytes and presents a promising direction for the sustainable production of chemicals currently derived from fossil fuels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuya Li
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, New York 13210, USA.
| | - Seongsu Park
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, New York 13210, USA.
| | - Benjamin D Sherman
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, Texas 76129, USA
| | - Chang Geun Yoo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, New York 13210, USA.,The Michael M. Szwarc Polymer Research Institute, Syracuse, New York 13210, USA
| | - Gyu Leem
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, New York 13210, USA. .,The Michael M. Szwarc Polymer Research Institute, Syracuse, New York 13210, USA
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27
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Alruwaili A, Rashid GMM, Sodré V, Mason J, Rehman Z, Menakath AK, Cheung D, Brown SP, Bugg TDH. Elucidation of microbial lignin degradation pathways using synthetic isotope-labelled lignin. RSC Chem Biol 2023; 4:47-55. [PMID: 36685258 PMCID: PMC9811514 DOI: 10.1039/d2cb00173j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathways by which the biopolymer lignin is broken down by soil microbes could be used to engineer new biocatalytic routes from lignin to renewable chemicals, but are currently not fully understood. In order to probe these pathways, we have prepared synthetic lignins containing 13C at the sidechain β-carbon. Feeding of [β-13C]-labelled DHP lignin to Rhodococcus jostii RHA1 has led to the incorporation of 13C label into metabolites oxalic acid, 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid, and 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenylacetic acid, confirming that they are derived from lignin breakdown. We have identified a glycolate oxidase enzyme in Rhodococcus jostii RHA1 which is able to oxidise glycolaldehyde via glycolic acid to oxalic acid, thereby identifying a pathway for the formation of oxalic acid. R. jostii glycolate oxidase also catalyses the conversion of 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid to 4-hydroxybenzoylformic acid, identifying another possible pathway to 4-hydroxybenzoylformic acid. Formation of labelled oxalic acid was also observed from [β-13C]-polyferulic acid, which provides experimental evidence in favour of a radical mechanism for α,β-bond cleavage of β-aryl ether units.
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Affiliation(s)
- Awatif Alruwaili
- Department of Chemistry, University of WarwickCoventryCV4 7ALUK+44(0)-2476-573018
| | - Goran M. M. Rashid
- Department of Chemistry, University of WarwickCoventryCV4 7ALUK+44(0)-2476-573018
| | - Victoria Sodré
- Department of Chemistry, University of WarwickCoventryCV4 7ALUK+44(0)-2476-573018
| | - James Mason
- Department of Chemistry, University of WarwickCoventryCV4 7ALUK+44(0)-2476-573018
| | - Zainab Rehman
- Department of Physics, University of WarwickCoventryCV4 7ALUK
| | | | - David Cheung
- Department of Physics, University of WarwickCoventryCV4 7ALUK
| | - Steven P. Brown
- Department of Physics, University of WarwickCoventryCV4 7ALUK
| | - Timothy D. H. Bugg
- Department of Chemistry, University of WarwickCoventryCV4 7ALUK+44(0)-2476-573018
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28
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Guo H, Tian L, Wang Y, Zheng K, Hou J, Zhao Y, Zhu T, Liu Y. Enhanced anaerobic digestion of waste activated sludge with periodate-based pretreatment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND ECOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 13:100208. [PMID: 36388632 PMCID: PMC9640319 DOI: 10.1016/j.ese.2022.100208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The potential of periodate (PI) in sludge anaerobic digestion is not tapped, although it has recently attracted great research interest in organic contaminants removal and pathogens inactivation in wastewater treatment. This is the first work to demonstrate significant improvement in methane generation from waste activated sludge (WAS) with PI pretreatment and to provide underlying mechanisms. Biochemical methane potential tests indicated that methane yield enhanced from 100.2 to 146.3 L per kg VS (VS, volatile solids) with PI dosages from 0 to 100 mg per g TS (TS, total solids). Electron spin resonance showed PI could be activated without extra activator addition, which might be attributed to the native transition metals (e.g., Fe2+) in WAS, thereby generating hydroxyl radical (•OH), superoxide radicals (•O2 -), and singlet oxygen (1O2). Further scavenging tests demonstrated all of them synergistically promoted WAS disintegration, and their contributions were in the order of •O2 - > •OH > 1O2, leading to the release of substantial biodegradable substances (i.e., proteins and polysaccharides) into the liquid phase for subsequent biotransformation. Moreover, fluorescence and ultraviolet spectroscopy analyses indicated the recalcitrant organics (especially lignocellulose and humus) could be degraded by reducing their aromaticity under oxidative stress of PI, thus readily for methanogenesis. Microbial community analysis revealed some microorganisms participating in hydrolysis, acidogenesis, and acetoclastic methanogenesis were enriched after PI pretreatment. The improved key enzyme activities and up-regulated metabolic pathways further provided direct evidence for enhanced methane production. This research was expected to broaden the application scope of PI and provide more diverse pretreatment choices for energy recovery through anaerobic digestion.
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29
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Shao L, Wang C, Liu Y, Wang M, Wang L, Xu F. Efficient depolymerization of lignin through microwave-assisted Ru/C catalyst cooperated with metal chloride in methanol/formic acid media. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:1082341. [PMID: 36588935 PMCID: PMC9800509 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1082341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Lignin, an abundant aromatic biopolymer, has the potential to produce various biofuels and chemicals through biorefinery activities and is expected to benefit the future circular economy. Microwave-assisted efficient degradation of lignin in methanol/formic acid over Ru/C catalyst cooperated with metal chloride was investigated, concerning the effect of type and dosage of metal chloride, dosage of Ru/C, reaction temperature, and reaction time on depolymerized product yield and distribution. Results showed that 91.1 wt% yield of bio-oil including 13.4 wt% monomers was obtained under the optimum condition. Yields of guaiacol-type compounds and 2,3-dihydrobenzofuran were promoted in the presence of ZnCl2. Formic acid played two roles: (1) acid-catalyzed cleavage of linkages; (2) acted as an in situ hydrogen donor for hydrodeoxygenation in the presence of Ru/C. A possible mechanism for lignin degradation was proposed. This work will provide a beneficial approach for efficient depolymerization of lignin and controllable product distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lupeng Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Science & Technology (Ministry of Education), Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China,Shandong Chenming Paper Holdings Co., Ltd., Weifang, China
| | - Chao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Science & Technology (Ministry of Education), Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China,*Correspondence: Chao Wang, ; Yu Liu, ; Feng Xu,
| | - Yu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Science & Technology (Ministry of Education), Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China,*Correspondence: Chao Wang, ; Yu Liu, ; Feng Xu,
| | - Meng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Science & Technology (Ministry of Education), Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Luyan Wang
- Shandong Chenming Paper Holdings Co., Ltd., Weifang, China
| | - Feng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Science & Technology (Ministry of Education), Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China,Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Chao Wang, ; Yu Liu, ; Feng Xu,
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30
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Gong Z, Shuai L. Lignin condensation, an unsolved mystery. TRENDS IN CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trechm.2022.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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31
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Wan Z, Zhang H, Guo Y, Li H. Advances in Catalytic Depolymerization of Lignin. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202202582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhouyuanye Wan
- Zhouyuanye Wan Prof. Dr. Yanzhu Guo Prof. Dr. Haiming Li Liaoning Key Lab of Lignocellulose Chemistry and BioMaterials Liaoning Collaborative Innovation Center for Lignocellulosic Biorefinery School of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering Dalian Polytechnic University No.1 Qinggongyuan, Ganjingzi District Dalian 116034 China
| | - Hongjie Zhang
- China National Pulp and Paper Research Institute Co. Ltd. Beijing 100102 China
| | - Yanzhu Guo
- Zhouyuanye Wan Prof. Dr. Yanzhu Guo Prof. Dr. Haiming Li Liaoning Key Lab of Lignocellulose Chemistry and BioMaterials Liaoning Collaborative Innovation Center for Lignocellulosic Biorefinery School of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering Dalian Polytechnic University No.1 Qinggongyuan, Ganjingzi District Dalian 116034 China
| | - Haiming Li
- Zhouyuanye Wan Prof. Dr. Yanzhu Guo Prof. Dr. Haiming Li Liaoning Key Lab of Lignocellulose Chemistry and BioMaterials Liaoning Collaborative Innovation Center for Lignocellulosic Biorefinery School of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering Dalian Polytechnic University No.1 Qinggongyuan, Ganjingzi District Dalian 116034 China
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32
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Al‐Naji M, Brandi F, Drieß M, Rosowski F. From Lignin to Chemicals: An Expedition from Classical to Modern Catalytic Valorization Technologies. CHEM-ING-TECH 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.202200079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Majd Al‐Naji
- Technische Universität Berlin BasCat – UniCat BASF JointLab Hardenbergstraße 36, Sekr. EW K-01 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Francesco Brandi
- KU Leuven Center for Sustainable Catalysis and Engineering Celestijnenlaan 200F 3001 Heverlee Belgium
| | - Matthias Drieß
- Technische Universität Berlin BasCat – UniCat BASF JointLab Hardenbergstraße 36, Sekr. EW K-01 10623 Berlin Germany
- Technische Universität Berlin Department of Chemistry, Metalorganics and Inorganic Materials Straße des 17. Juni 115, Sekr. C2 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Frank Rosowski
- Technische Universität Berlin BasCat – UniCat BASF JointLab Hardenbergstraße 36, Sekr. EW K-01 10623 Berlin Germany
- BASF SE Process Research and Chemical Engineering 67056 Ludwigshafen Germany
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33
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Schmid J, Wang M, Gutiérrez OY, Bullock RM, Camaioni DM, Lercher JA. Controlling Reaction Routes in Noble‐Metal‐Catalyzed Conversion of Aryl Ethers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202203172. [PMID: 35482977 PMCID: PMC9400965 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202203172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julian Schmid
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) P.O. Box 999 Richland WA 99352 USA
| | - Meng Wang
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) P.O. Box 999 Richland WA 99352 USA
| | - Oliver Y. Gutiérrez
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) P.O. Box 999 Richland WA 99352 USA
| | - R. Morris Bullock
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) P.O. Box 999 Richland WA 99352 USA
| | - Donald M. Camaioni
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) P.O. Box 999 Richland WA 99352 USA
| | - Johannes A. Lercher
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) P.O. Box 999 Richland WA 99352 USA
- Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Institute Technische Universität München Lichtenbergstrasse 4 85748 Garching Germany
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34
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Miroshnikova AV, Kazachenko AS, Kuznetsov BN, Taran OP. Reductive Catalytic Fractionation of Lignocellulosic Biomass: A New Promissing Method for Its Complex Processing. CATALYSIS IN INDUSTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s2070050422020052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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35
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Wang Y, Hou Y, Li H, Wu W, Ren S, Li J. A New Structural Model of Enzymatic Lignin with Multiring Aromatic Clusters. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:18861-18869. [PMID: 35694518 PMCID: PMC9178751 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c01812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Lignin is a natural aromatic compound in plants. Several lignin structural models have been proposed in the past years, but all the models cannot be converted to benzene carboxylic acids (BCAs) for all aromatic rings connected to oxygen. This inspired us to explore the structures of lignin. Based on the yields of BCAs, the results of 13C NMR and ethanolysis residues, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry of ethanolysis of lignin, we have constructed a structural model of lignin with a formula C6407H6736O2590N147S3. The model not only satisfies the results of analyses, but also explains the generation of BCAs from lignin oxidation and the ethanolysis products. Importantly, double-ring and triple-ring aromatic clusters are found in lignin, and some of them are connected by alkyl bridges, which results in conventional low conversions of lignin. Our findings in the structures of lignin may significantly influence the structures and applications of lignin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yupeng Wang
- State
Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yucui Hou
- Department
of Chemistry, Taiyuan Normal University, Jinzhong, Shanxi 030619, China
| | - He Li
- State
Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Weize Wu
- State
Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Shuhang Ren
- State
Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jianwei Li
- State
Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
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36
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Integrated strategy for the synthesis of aromatic building blocks via upcycling of real-life plastic wastes. Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2022.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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37
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Sang Y, Chen H, Khalifeh M, Li Y. Catalysis and chemistry of lignin depolymerization in alcohol solvents - A review. Catal Today 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2022.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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38
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Kumar A, Jindal M, Rawat S, Kumar J, Sripadi P, Yang B, Thallada B. Upgradation of sugarcane bagasse lignin: Fractionation to cyclic alcohols production. Catal Today 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2022.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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39
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Insight into the dual effect of water on lignin dissolution in ionic liquids. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 205:178-184. [PMID: 35182559 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.02.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The dual regulation of water on lignin in ionic liquids was studied at the molecular level by molecular dynamics simulation. The simulation results show that a small amount of water will destroy the ion association in ionic liquids, that is, it will produce more free anions and cations. The free ions around lignin are conducive to the dissolution of lignin. On the contrary, excess water will seriously solvate anions and cations. By changing the number of lignin clusters, it is more intuitive to observe that the dissolution of lignin in ILs containing a small amount of water is stronger than that in pure IL, however, the dissolution ability of lignin is reduced after adding a large amount of water in ILs. It is concluded that with the increase of water content, water changes from co-solvent to anti-solvent in the dissolution process. This study provides ideas for the design of IL-water system for economic pretreatment of biomass.
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40
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Schmid J, Wang M, Gutiérrez OY, Bullock RM, Camaioni DM, Lercher J. Controlling Reaction Routes in Noble‐Metal‐Catalyzed Conversion of Aryl Ethers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202203172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julian Schmid
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Institute for Integrated Catalysis UNITED STATES
| | - Meng Wang
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Institute for Integrated Catalysis UNITED STATES
| | - Oliver Y. Gutiérrez
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Institute for Integrated Catalysis UNITED STATES
| | - R. Morris Bullock
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Institute for Integrated Catalysis UNITED STATES
| | - Donald M. Camaioni
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Institute for Integrated Catalysis UNITED STATES
| | - Johannes Lercher
- Technische Universität München Department Chemie Lichtenbergstrasse 4 85748 Garching GERMANY
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41
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Zhou Y, Klinger GE, Hegg EL, Saffron CM, Jackson JE. Skeletal Ni electrode-catalyzed C-O cleavage of diaryl ethers entails direct elimination via benzyne intermediates. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2050. [PMID: 35440551 PMCID: PMC9018776 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29555-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Diaryl ethers undergo electrocatalytic hydrogenolysis (ECH) over skeletal Ni cathodes in a mild, aqueous process that achieves direct C-O cleavage without initial benzene ring saturation. Mechanistic studies find that aryl phenyl ethers with a single para or meta functional group (methyl, methoxy, or hydroxy) are selectively cleaved to the substituted benzene and phenol, in contrast to recently reported homogeneous catalytic cleavage processes. Ortho positioning of substituents reverses this C-O bond selectivity, except for the 2-phenoxyphenol case. Together with isotope labeling and co-solvent studies, these results point to two distinct cleavage mechanisms: (a) dual-ring coordination and C-H activation, leading to vicinal elimination to form phenol and a surface-bound aryne intermediate which is then hydrogenated and released as the arene; and (b) surface binding in keto form by the phenolic ring of the hydroxy-substituted substrates, followed by direct displacement of the departing phenol. Notably, acetone inhibits the well-known reduction of phenol to cyclohexanol, affording control of product ring saturation. A byproduct of this work is the discovery that the ECH treatment completely defluorinates substrates bearing aromatic C-F and C-CF3 groupings. Biomass conversion holds promise as a more sustainable source of platform chemicals, but limitations in the ways in which lignin can be broken down is a current bottleneck. Here the authors report an electrocatalytic hydrogenolysis over skeletal Ni that cleaves diaryl ethers, chemically resistant moieties in both renewable carbon sources and persistent organic pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
| | - Grace E Klinger
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Eric L Hegg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Christopher M Saffron
- Department of Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.,Department of Chemical Engineering and Material Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - James E Jackson
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
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42
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Effects of hydrothermal pretreatment on the dissolution and structural evolution of hemicelluloses and lignin: A review. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 281:119050. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.119050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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43
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Scholten PBV, Figueirêdo MB. Back to the Future with Biorefineries: Bottom‐Up and Top‐Down Approaches toward Polymers and Monomers. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.202200017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Philip B. V. Scholten
- Bloom Biorenewables Route de l'Ancienne Papeterie 106 Case postal 146 Marly 1723 Switzerland
| | - Monique B. Figueirêdo
- Bloom Biorenewables Route de l'Ancienne Papeterie 106 Case postal 146 Marly 1723 Switzerland
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44
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He M, Sun Y, Han B. Green Carbon Science: Efficient Carbon Resource Processing, Utilization, and Recycling towards Carbon Neutrality. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202112835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mingyuan He
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Chemical Processes Department of Chemistry East China Normal University Shanghai 200062 China
- Research Institute of Petrochem Processing, SINOPEC Beijing 100083 China
| | - Yuhan Sun
- Low Carbon Energy Conversion Center Shanghai Advanced Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 201203 China
- Shanghai Low Carbon Technology Innovation Platform Shanghai 210620 China
| | - Buxing Han
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Chemical Processes Department of Chemistry East China Normal University Shanghai 200062 China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
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45
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Flow-through strategy to fractionate lignin from eucalyptus with formic acid/hydrochloric solution under mild conditions. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 204:364-372. [PMID: 35149095 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Formic acid is an attractive solvent for the fractionation of lignocellulose for the production of biomaterials and chemicals, while the operation conducted in a batch manner is not conducive to mass transfer in separation process. In this research, eucalyptus was fractionated with formic acid/hydrochloric solution in a flow-through reactor at 95 °C, and the structural characteristics and the composition of fractionated lignin in different stages were investigated. Results showed that the fractionation efficiency was notably improved with a flow-through reactor, as evidenced by the low solid residue yield of 49.5% and the lignin removal rate of 79.4% as compared to the batch manner. During the fractionation process, the dissolution rate of lignin decreased gradually, and the obtained lignin samples showed low molecular weight (<3000), good uniformity (<2), and high thermal stability. The structure analysis showed that β-O-4, β-β, and β-5 linkages in lignin were degraded to varying degrees with increased time, and the degradation of G units was more severe than S ones.
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46
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Chin M, Suh SM, Fang Z, Hegg EL, Diao T. Depolymerization of Lignin via a Microscopic Reverse Biosynthesis Pathway. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c00133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mason Chin
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Sang Mi Suh
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Zhen Fang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, 603 Wilson Road, Room 313A, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Eric L. Hegg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, 603 Wilson Road, Room 313A, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Tianning Diao
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, New York 10003, United States
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47
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Wang Z, Hao M, Li X, Zhang B, Jiao M, Chen BZ. Promising and efficient lignin degradation versatile strategy based on DFT calculations. iScience 2022; 25:103755. [PMID: 35141502 PMCID: PMC8810403 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.103755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The extraction of higher-value products from lignin degradations under mild conditions is a challenge. Previous research reported efficient two-step oxidation and reduction strategies for lignin degradation, which has great significance to lignin degradation. In this paper, the mechanism about the C-O bond cleavage of lignin with and without Cα oxidations has been studied systematically. Our calculation results show that the degradation of anionized lignin with Cα oxidations is kinetically and thermodynamically feasible. In addition, the calculations predict that the anionized lignin compounds without Cα oxidation also could be degraded under mild conditions. Moreover, we propose special lignin catalytic degradation systems containing the characteristic structure of “double hydrogen bonds.” The double hydrogen bonds structure could further decrease the energy barriers of the C-O bond cleavage reaction. This provides a versatile strategy to design novel lignin degradation. Lignin anion radicals without Cα oxidation can be degraded under mild conditions The “double hydrogen bonds” structure is beneficial to lignin degradation A promising and efficient lignin degradation versatile strategy is predicted
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48
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Banu Jamaldheen S, Kurade MB, Basak B, Yoo CG, Oh KK, Jeon BH, Kim TH. A review on physico-chemical delignification as a pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass for enhanced bioconversion. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 346:126591. [PMID: 34929325 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Effective pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass (LCB) is one of the most important steps in biorefinery, ensuring the quality and commercial viability of the overall bioprocess. Lignin recalcitrance in LCB is a major bottleneck in biological conversion as the polymerization of lignin with hemicellulose hinders enzyme accessibility and further bioconversion to fuels and chemicals. Therefore, there is a need to delignify LCB to ease further bioprocessing. The efficiency of delignification, quality and quantity of the desired products, and generation of inhibitors depend upon the type of pretreatment employed. This review summarizes different single and integrated physicochemical pretreatments for delignification. Additionally, conditions required for effective delignification and the advantages and drawbacks of each method were evaluated. Advances in overcoming the recalcitrance of residual lignin to saccharification and the methods to recover lignin after delignification are also discussed. Efficient lignin recovery and valorization strategies provide an avenue for the sustainable lignocellulose biorefinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumitha Banu Jamaldheen
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Mayur B Kurade
- Department of Earth Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, 222-Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Bikram Basak
- Department of Earth Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, 222-Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Geun Yoo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, State University of New York, College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Kyeong Keun Oh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Dankook University, Youngin 16890, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Byong-Hun Jeon
- Department of Earth Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, 222-Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Hyun Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do 15588, Republic of Korea.
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Abstract
Being the major renewable source of bio-aromatics, lignin possesses considerable potential for the chemical industry as raw material. Kraft lignin is a couple product of paper industry with an annual production of 55,000,000 ton/y and is considered the largest share of available lignin. Here we report a facile approach of Kraft lignin depolymerization to defined oligomeric units with yields of up to 70 wt.%. The process implies utilization of an aqueous base in combination with a metal containing catalyst and an alcohol under non-oxidative atmosphere at 300 °C. An advantage of the developed approach is the facile separation of the oligomer product that precipitates from the reaction mixture. In addition, the process proceeds without char formation; both factors make it attractive for industrialization. The suppression of the repolymerization processes that lead to char formation is possible when the combination of metal containing catalyst in the presence of an alcohol is used. It was found that the oligomer units have structural features found in phenol-acetaldehyde resins. These features result from the base catalyzed condensation of lignin fragments with in situ formed aldehydes. Catalytic dehydrogenation of the alcohol provides the latter. This reaction pathway is confirmed by the presence condensation products of Guerbet type reactions.
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50
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Catalytic Liquefaction of Highly Inert Refining Residue over an Attapulgite-Supported Niobium Catalyst. Catal Letters 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-021-03889-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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