1
|
Guo L, Stoffels K, Broos J, Kuipers OP. Engineering hybrid lantibiotics yields the highly stable and bacteriocidal peptide cerocin V. Microbiol Res 2024; 282:127640. [PMID: 38350171 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2024.127640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) show promise as alternatives to traditional antibiotics for treating drug-resistant infections. Their adaptability and diverse sequence possibilities allow for rational design by modulating physicochemical determinants to achieve desired biological properties, transforming them into peptides for potential new therapies. Nisin, one of the best-studied AMPs, is believed to have potential to be used as a therapeutic, particularly against antibiotic-resistant bacteria. However, its instability in physiological conditions limits its use in clinical applications and pharmaceutical development. Exploration of new natural variants of nisin has uncovered diverse properties using different domains. Shuffling peptide modules can fine-tune the chemical properties of these molecules, potentially enhancing stability while maintaining or improving antimicrobial activity. In this study, hybrid AMPs were created by combining domains from three unique nisin variants, i.e. nisin A, cesin and rombocin, leading to the identification of a promising variant, named cerocin A, which harbours only 25 amino acids compared to the typical 31-35 amino acid length of nisin. Cerocin A demonstrates potent antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), approaching that of nisin itself. Cerocin A's mode of action involves a dual mechanism through the combination of two domains, consisting of a small ring/domain (6 amino acids) from the C-terminal end of rombocin attached to the preceding peptide of cesin, changing it from a bacteriostatic to a bactericidal peptide. Further mutation studies identified a new variant, cerocin V, with significantly improved resistance against trypsin degradation, while maintaining high potency. Importantly, cerocin V showed no undesired toxic effects on human red blood cells and remained stable in human plasma. In conclusion, we demonstrate that peptide construction using domain engineering is an effective strategy for manipulating both biological and physicochemical aspects, leading to the creation of novel bioactive molecules with desired properties. These constructs are appealing candidates for further optimization and development as novel antibiotics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Longcheng Guo
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Konstantin Stoffels
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jaap Broos
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Oscar P Kuipers
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang X, Xu Y, Martin NI, Breukink E. The enigmatic mode of action of the lantibiotic epilancin 15X. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOMEMBRANES 2024; 1866:184282. [PMID: 38218577 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2024.184282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
Epilancin 15X is a lantibiotic that has an antimicrobial activity in the nanomolar concentration range towards Staphylococcus simulans. Such low MICs usually imply that these peptides employ a mechanism of action (MoA) involving high affinity targets. Here we studied this MoA by using epilancin 15X's ability to dissipate the membrane potential of intact S. simulans cells. These membrane depolarization assays showed that treatment of the bacteria by antibiotics known to affect the bacterial cell wall synthesis pathway decreased the membrane depolarization effects of epilancin 15X. Disruption of the Lipid II cycle in intact bacteria using several methods led to a decrease in the activity of epilancin 15X. Antagonism-based experiments on 96-well plate and agar diffusion plate pointed towards a possible interaction between epilancin 15X and Lipid II and this was confirmed by Circular Dichroism (CD) based experiments. However, this interaction did not lead to a detectable effect on either carboxyfluorescein (CF) leakage or proton permeability. All experiments point to the involvement of a phosphodiester-containing target within a polyisoprene-based biosynthesis pathway, yet the exact identity of the target remains obscure so far.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqi Wang
- Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Yang Xu
- Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Nathaniel I Martin
- Biological Chemistry Group, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Sylviusweg 72, 2333 BE Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Eefjan Breukink
- Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Microbiotechnology Research of China, the Zhejiang Gongshang University of China, Hangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Guo L, Wambui J, Wang C, Broos J, Stephan R, Kuipers OP. Rombocin, a Short Stable Natural Nisin Variant, Displays Selective Antimicrobial Activity against Listeria monocytogenes and Employs a Dual Mode of Action to Kill Target Bacterial Strains. ACS Synth Biol 2024; 13:370-383. [PMID: 38194633 PMCID: PMC10804407 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.3c00612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Nisin, with its unique mode of action and potent antimicrobial activity, serves as a remarkable inspiration for the design of novel antibiotics. However, peptides possess inherent weaknesses, particularly their susceptibility to proteolytic degradation, such as by trypsin, which limits their broader applications. This led us to speculate that natural variants of nisin produced by underexplored bacterial species can potentially overcome these limitations. We carried out genome mining of two Romboutsia sedimentorum strains, RC001 and RC002, leading to the discovery of rombocin A, which is a 25 amino acid residue short nisin variant that is predicted to have only four macrocycles compared to the known 31-35 amino acids long nisin variants with five macrocycles. Using the nisin-controlled expression system, we heterologously expressed fully modified and functional rombocin A in Lactococcus lactis and demonstrated its selective antimicrobial activity against Listeria monocytogenes. Rombocin A uses a dual mode of action involving lipid II binding activity and dissipation of the membrane potential to kill target bacteria. Stability tests confirmed its high stability at different pH values, temperatures, and in particular, against enzymatic degradation. With its gene-encoded characteristic, rombocin A is amenable to bioengineering to generate novel derivatives. Further mutation studies led to the identification of rombocin K, a mutant with enhanced bioactivity against L. monocytogenes. Our findings suggest that rombocin A and its bioengineered variant, rombocin K, are promising candidates for development as food preservatives or antibiotics against L. monocytogenes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Longcheng Guo
- Department
of Molecular Genetics, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology
Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen 9747 AG, The Netherlands
| | - Joseph Wambui
- Institute
for Food Safety and Hygiene, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich 8057, Switzerland
| | - Chenhui Wang
- Department
of Molecular Genetics, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology
Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen 9747 AG, The Netherlands
| | - Jaap Broos
- Department
of Molecular Genetics, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology
Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen 9747 AG, The Netherlands
| | - Roger Stephan
- Institute
for Food Safety and Hygiene, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich 8057, Switzerland
| | - Oscar P. Kuipers
- Department
of Molecular Genetics, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology
Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen 9747 AG, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Li X, Hao Y, Yang N, Mao R, Teng D, Wang J. Plectasin: from evolution to truncation, expression, and better druggability. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1304825. [PMID: 38188573 PMCID: PMC10771296 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1304825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-computational classical evolution analysis of plectasin and its functional relatives can especially contribute tool value during access to meet requirements for their better druggability in clinical use. Staphylococcus aureus is a zoonotic pathogen that can infect the skin, blood, and other tissues of humans and animals. The impact of pathogens on humans is exacerbated by the crisis of drug resistance caused by the misuse of antibiotics. In this study, we analyzed the evolution of anti-Staphylococcus target functional sequences, designed a series of plectasin derivatives by truncation, and recombinantly expressed them in Pichia pastoris X-33, from which the best recombinant Ple-AB was selected for the druggability study. The amount of total protein reached 2.9 g/L following 120 h of high-density expression in a 5-L fermenter. Ple-AB was found to have good bactericidal activity against gram-positive bacteria, with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranging between 2 and 16 μg/mL. It showed good stability and maintained its bactericidal activity during high temperatures, strong acid and alkali environments. Notably, Ple-AB exhibited better druggability, including excellent trypsin resistance, and still possessed approximately 50% of its initial activity following exposure to simulated intestinal fluids for 1 h. In vitro safety testing of Ple-AB revealed low hemolytic activity against mouse erythrocytes and cytotoxicity against murine-derived macrophages. This study successfully realized the high expression of a new antimicrobial peptide (AMP), Ple-AB, in P. pastoris and the establishment of its oral administration as an additive form with high trypsin resistance; the study also revealed its antibacterial properties, indicating that truncation design is a valuable tool for improving druggability and that the candidate Ple-AB may be a novel promising antimicrobial agent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Li
- Gene Engineering Laboratory, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Innovative Team of Antimicrobial Peptides and Alternatives to Antibiotics, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Ya Hao
- Gene Engineering Laboratory, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Innovative Team of Antimicrobial Peptides and Alternatives to Antibiotics, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Na Yang
- Gene Engineering Laboratory, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Innovative Team of Antimicrobial Peptides and Alternatives to Antibiotics, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Ruoyu Mao
- Gene Engineering Laboratory, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Innovative Team of Antimicrobial Peptides and Alternatives to Antibiotics, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Da Teng
- Gene Engineering Laboratory, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Innovative Team of Antimicrobial Peptides and Alternatives to Antibiotics, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Jianhua Wang
- Gene Engineering Laboratory, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Innovative Team of Antimicrobial Peptides and Alternatives to Antibiotics, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kumar G, Engle K. Natural products acting against S. aureus through membrane and cell wall disruption. Nat Prod Rep 2023; 40:1608-1646. [PMID: 37326041 DOI: 10.1039/d2np00084a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Covering: 2015 to 2022Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is responsible for several community and hospital-acquired infections with life-threatening complications such as bacteraemia, endocarditis, meningitis, liver abscess, and spinal cord epidural abscess. In recent decades, the abuse and misuse of antibiotics in humans, animals, plants, and fungi and the treatment of nonmicrobial diseases have led to the rapid emergence of multidrug-resistant pathogens. The bacterial wall is a complex structure consisting of the cell membrane, peptidoglycan cell wall, and various associated polymers. The enzymes involved in bacterial cell wall synthesis are established antibiotic targets and continue to be a central focus for antibiotic development. Natural products play a vital role in drug discovery and development. Importantly, natural products provide a starting point for active/lead compounds that sometimes need modification based on structural and biological properties to meet the drug criteria. Notably, microorganisms and plant metabolites have contributed as antibiotics for noninfectious diseases. In this study, we have summarized the recent advances in understanding the activity of the drugs or agents of natural origin that directly inhibit the bacterial membrane, membrane components, and membrane biosynthetic enzymes by targeting membrane-embedded proteins. We also discussed the unique aspects of the active mechanisms of established antibiotics or new agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gautam Kumar
- Department of Natural Products, Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Balanagar, 500037, India.
| | - Kritika Engle
- Department of Natural Products, Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Balanagar, 500037, India.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Konno Y, Yamada M, Suzuki M, Maeda Y. Stepwise Functionalization of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes with Subsequent Molecular Conversion to Control Photoluminescence Properties. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301707. [PMID: 37460442 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
Functionalization of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) has attracted interest because it alters the near-infrared (NIR) photoluminescence (PL) wavelength and emission efficiency. These modifications depend on the binding configuration and degree of functionalization. Excessive functionalization reduces the emission efficiency as the integrity of the conjugated π system decreases; thus, controlling the degree of functionalization is essential. Because the binding configurations and degree of functionalization are affected by the reagent structure, a stepwise approach combining SWCNTs functionalization and subsequent reactions to introduce functional groups into the addenda could effectively control their PL properties and functionalities. We studied this approach by implementing the reductive alkylation of SWCNTs by using bromoalkanes with t-butyl carbamate (Boc)-protected amino groups and subsequent deprotection and amidation reactions. The reaction products were analyzed based on absorption, PL, and Raman spectroscopy and the Kaiser test. Depending on the structure of the reagent, deprotection and amidation reactions competed with the elimination reaction of addenda, altering the PL properties of the SWCNTs. Furthermore, the elimination reaction was inhibited in the adducts functionalized using dibromoalkane with Boc-protected amino groups, demonstrating that the use of appropriate reagents enables the molecular conversion of the functional groups of SWCNT adducts without affecting their PL properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yui Konno
- Division of Mathematics and Natural Science Education, The United Graduate School of Education, Tokyo Gakugei University, 184-8501, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michio Yamada
- Division of Mathematics and Natural Science Education, The United Graduate School of Education, Tokyo Gakugei University, 184-8501, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Gakugei University, 184-8501, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mitsuaki Suzuki
- Department of Chemistry, Josai University, 350-0295, Sakado, Japan
| | - Yutaka Maeda
- Division of Mathematics and Natural Science Education, The United Graduate School of Education, Tokyo Gakugei University, 184-8501, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Gakugei University, 184-8501, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Musiejuk M, Kafarski P. Engineering of Nisin as a Means for Improvement of Its Pharmacological Properties: A Review. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1058. [PMID: 37630973 PMCID: PMC10459688 DOI: 10.3390/ph16081058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Lantibiotics are believed to have a conceivable potential to be used as therapeutics, especially against clinically resistant bacterial strains. However, their low solubility and poor stability under physiological conditions limit their availability for clinical studies and further pharmaceutical commercialization. Nisin is a readily available and cheap lanthipeptide and thus serves as a good model in the search for the tools to engineer lantibiotics with improved pharmacological properties. This review aims to address technologies that can be applied to alter and enhance the antimicrobial activity, antibacterial spectrum and physicochemical properties (solubility, solution stability and protease resistance) of nisin. There are basically two general means to obtain nisin analogs-protein engineering and chemical functionalization of this antibiotic. Although bioengineering techniques have been well developed and enable the creation of nisin mutants of variable structures and properties, they are lacking spectacular effects so far. Chemical modifications of nisin based on utilization of the reactivity of its free amino and carboxylic moieties, as well as reactivity of the double bonds of its dehydroamino acids, are in their infancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Paweł Kafarski
- Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Warmia and Mazury, pl. Łódzki 4, 10-957 Olsztyn, Poland;
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Guo L, Wang C, Broos J, Kuipers OP. Lipidated variants of the antimicrobial peptide nisin produced via incorporation of methionine analogs for click chemistry show improved bioactivity. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:104845. [PMID: 37209826 PMCID: PMC10404616 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.104845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The increase in antibiotic resistance calls for accelerated molecular engineering strategies to diversify natural products for drug discovery. The incorporation of non-canonical amino acids (ncAAs) is an elegant strategy for this purpose, offering a diverse pool of building blocks to introduce desired properties into antimicrobial lanthipeptides. We here report an expression system using Lactococcus lactis as a host for non-canonical amino acid incorporation with high efficiency and yield. We show that incorporating the more hydrophobic analog ethionine (instead of methionine) into nisin improves its bioactivity against several Gram-positive strains we tested. New-to-nature variants were further created by click chemistry. By azidohomoalanine (Aha) incorporation and subsequent click chemistry, we obtained lipidated variants at different positions in nisin or in truncated nisin variants. Some of them show improved bioactivity and specificity against several pathogenic bacterial strains. These results highlight the ability of this methodology for lanthipeptide multi-site lipidation, to create new-to-nature antimicrobial products with diverse features, and extend the toolbox for (lanthi)peptide drug improvement and discovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Longcheng Guo
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Chenhui Wang
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jaap Broos
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Oscar P Kuipers
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Field D, Fernandez de Ullivarri M, Ross RP, Hill C. After a century of nisin research - where are we now? FEMS Microbiol Rev 2023; 47:fuad023. [PMID: 37300874 PMCID: PMC10257480 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuad023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
It is almost a century since nisin was discovered in fermented milk cultures, coincidentally in the same year that penicillin was first described. Over the last 100 years this small, highly modified pentacyclic peptide has not only found success in the food industry as a preservative but has also served as the paradigm for our understanding of the genetic organization, expression, and regulation of genes involved in lantibiotic biosynthesis-one of the few cases of extensive post-translation modification in prokaryotes. Recent developments in understanding the complex biosynthesis of nisin have shed light on the cellular location of the modification and transport machinery and the co-ordinated series of spatio-temporal events required to produce active nisin and provide resistance and immunity. The continued unearthing of new natural variants from within human and animal gastrointestinal tracts has sparked interest in the potential application of nisin to influence the microbiome, given the growing recognition of the role the gastrointestinal microbiota plays in health and disease. Moreover, interdisciplinary approaches have taken advantage of biotechnological advancements to bioengineer nisin to produce novel variants and expand nisin functionality for applications in the biomedical field. This review will discuss the latest progress in these aspects of nisin research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Des Field
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork,Western Road, Cork T12 YN60, Ireland
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, College Road, Cork T12 YT20, Ireland
| | | | - R Paul Ross
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork,Western Road, Cork T12 YN60, Ireland
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, College Road, Cork T12 YT20, Ireland
| | - Colin Hill
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork,Western Road, Cork T12 YN60, Ireland
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, College Road, Cork T12 YT20, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Vagstad AL. Engineering ribosomally synthesized and posttranslationally modified peptides as new antibiotics. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2023; 80:102891. [PMID: 36702077 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2023.102891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The rise of antimicrobial resistance is an urgent public health threat demanding the invention of new drugs to combat infections. Naturally sourced nonribosomal peptides (NRPs) have a long history as antimicrobial drugs. Through recent advances in genome mining and engineering technologies, their ribosomally synthesized and posttranslationally modified peptide (RiPP) counterparts are poised to further contribute to the arsenal of anti-infectives. As natural products from diverse organisms involved in interspecies competition, many RiPPs already possess antimicrobial activities that can be further optimized as drug candidates. Owing to the mutability of precursor protein genes that encode their core structures and the availability of diverse posttranslational modification (PTM) enzymes with broad substrate tolerances, RiPP systems are well suited to engineer complex peptides with desired functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna L Vagstad
- Institute of Microbiology, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Antibacterial natural products from microbial and fungal sources: a decade of advances. Mol Divers 2023; 27:517-541. [PMID: 35301633 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-022-10417-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Throughout the ages the world has witnessed the outbreak of many infectious diseases. Emerging microbial diseases pose a serious threat to public health. Increasing resistance of microorganisms towards the existing drugs makes them ineffective. In fact, anti-microbial resistance is declared as one of the top public health threats by WHO. Hence, there is an urge for the discovery of novel antimicrobial drugs to combat with this challenge. Structural diversity and unique pharmacological effects make natural products a prime source of novel drugs. Staggeringly, in spite of its extensive biodiversity, a prominent portion of microorganism species remains unexplored for the identification of bioactives. Microorganisms are a predominant source of new chemical entities and there are remarkable number of antimicrobial drugs developed from it. In this review, we discuss the contributions of microorganism based natural products as effective antibacterial agents, studied during the period of 2010-2020. The review encompasses over 140 structures which are either natural products or semi-synthetic derivatives of microbial natural products. 65 of them are identified as newly discovered natural products. All the compounds discussed herein, have exhibited promising efficacy against various bacterial strains.
Collapse
|
12
|
Wang G, Guo Z, Zhang X, Wu H, Bai X, Zhang H, Hu R, Han S, Pang Y, Gao Z, Yan L, Huang C, Zhang L, Pan C, Liu X. Heterologous expression of pediocin/papA in Bacillus subtilis. Microb Cell Fact 2022; 21:104. [PMID: 35643507 PMCID: PMC9148482 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-022-01829-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a food-borne pathogen. Pediocin is a group IIα bacteriocin with anti-listeria activity that is naturally produced by Pediococcus acidilactic and Lactobacillus plantarum. The pedA/papA gene encodes pediocin/plantaricin. In native hosts, the expression and secretion of active PedA/PapA protein rely on the accessory protein PedC/PapC and ABC transporter PedD/PapD on the same operon. The excretion machines were also necessary for pediocin protein expression in heterologous hosts of E. coli, Lactobacillus lactis, and Corynebacterium glutamicum. In this study, two vectors carrying the codon sequence of the mature PapA peptide were constructed, one with and one without a His tag. Both fragments were inserted into the plasmid pHT43 and transformed into Bacillus subtilis WB800N. The strains were induced with IPTG to secrete the fused proteins PA1 and PA2. Supernatants from both recombinant strains can inhibit Listeria monocytogenes ATCC54003 directly. The fused protein possesses inhibition activity as a whole dispense with removal of the leading peptide. This is the first report of active pediocin/PapA expression without the assistance of PedCD/PapCD in heterogeneous hosts. In addition, the PA1 protein can be purified by nickel-nitrilotriacetic acid (Ni-NTA) metal affinity chromatography.
Collapse
|
13
|
Liu M, Sovrovic M, Suga H, Jongkees SAK. Phosphine addition to dehydroalanine for peptide modification. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:3081-3085. [PMID: 35353113 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob00410k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Thiols are a functional group commonly used for selective reactions in a biochemical setting because of their high nucleophilicity. Phosphorus nucleophiles can undergo some similar reactions to thiols, but remain underexploited in this setting. In this work we show that phosphine nucleophiles react cleanly and quickly with a dehydroalanine electrophile, itself generated from cysteine, to give a stable adduct in a peptide context. NMR reveals the product to be a phosphonium ion and indicates some backbone conformational constraint, possibly arising from transient carbonyl coordination. The reaction proceeded quickly, with a pseudo-first order rate constant of 0.126 min-1 at 1 mM peptide (80% conversion in 10 min), and with no detectable side products on the peptide. A broad peptide sequence scope and water-soluble phosphines with alkyl as well as aromatic groups were all shown to react efficiently. Phosphine addition proved to be efficient on nisin as a model Dha-containing biologically-derived peptide and on an mRNA-displayed peptide, as well as on TCEP-modified agarose for peptide capture from solution. This reaction thus presents a promising approach for modification of peptides for cargo attachment or altered physical properties in peptide discovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minglong Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences, VU Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Miha Sovrovic
- Department of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Hiroaki Suga
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, 113-0033 Tokyo, Japan
| | - Seino A K Jongkees
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences, VU Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands. .,Department of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, 113-0033 Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Engelhardt DB, Donnelly BL, Beadle J, van Belkum MJ, Vederas JC. Ring-opening reactions for the solid-phase synthesis of nisin lipopeptide analogues. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:8988-8999. [DOI: 10.1039/d2ob01526a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Strategy for the solid-phase synthesis of nisin lipopeptide analogues using orthogonally protected lanthionines synthesised by ring-opening chemistry, and on-resin formation of dehydroalanine and dehydrobutyrine residues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel B. Engelhardt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Bethan L. Donnelly
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Jonathan Beadle
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Marco J. van Belkum
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - John C. Vederas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zhao X, Xu Y, Viel JH, Kuipers OP. Semisynthetic Macrocyclic Lipo-lanthipeptides Display Antimicrobial Activity Against Bacterial Pathogens. ACS Synth Biol 2021; 10:1980-1991. [PMID: 34347446 PMCID: PMC8383303 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.1c00161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
A large number of antimicrobial peptides depend on intramolecular disulfide bonds for their biological activity. However, the relative instability of disulfide bonds has limited the potential of some of these peptides to be developed into therapeutics. Conversely, peptides containing intramolecular (methyl)lanthionine-based bonds, lanthipeptides, are highly stable under a broader range of biological and physical conditions. Here, the class-II lanthipeptide synthetase CinM, from the cinnamycin gene cluster, was employed to create methyllanthionine stabilized analogues of disulfide-bond-containing antimicrobial peptides. The resulting analogues were subsequently modified in vitro by adding lipid tails of variable lengths through chemical addition. Finally, the created compounds were characterized by MIC tests against several relevant pathogens, killing assays, membrane permeability assays, and hemolysis assays. It was found that CinM could successfully install methyllanthionine bonds at the intended positions of the analogues and that the lipidated macrocyclic core peptides have bactericidal activity against tested Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogenic bacteria. Additionally, fluorescence microscopy assays revealed that the lipidated compounds disrupt the bacterial membrane and lyse bacterial cells, hinting toward a potential mode of action. Notably, the semisynthesized macrocyclic lipo-lanthipeptides show low hemolytic activity. These results show that the methods developed here extend the toolbox for novel antimicrobial development and might enable the further development of novel compounds with killing activity against relevant pathogenic bacteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinghong Zhao
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen 9747 AG, The Netherlands
| | - Yanli Xu
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen 9747 AG, The Netherlands
| | - Jakob H. Viel
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen 9747 AG, The Netherlands
| | - Oscar P. Kuipers
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen 9747 AG, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Wood TM, Slingerland CJ, Martin NI. A Convenient Chemoenzymatic Preparation of Chimeric Macrocyclic Peptide Antibiotics with Potent Activity against Gram-Negative Pathogens. J Med Chem 2021; 64:10890-10899. [PMID: 34283589 PMCID: PMC8365600 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The continuing rise
of antibiotic resistance, particularly among
Gram-negative pathogens, threatens to undermine many aspects of modern
medical practice. To address this threat, novel antibiotics that utilize
unexploited bacterial targets are urgently needed. Over the past decade,
a number of studies have highlighted the antibacterial potential of
macrocyclic peptides that target Gram-negative outer membrane proteins
(OMPs). Recently, it was reported that the antibacterial activities
of OMP-targeting macrocyclic peptidomimetics of the antimicrobial
peptide protegrin-1 are dramatically enhanced upon linking to polymyxin
E nonapeptide (PMEN). In this study, we describe a convergent, chemoenzymatic
route for the convenient preparation of such conjugates. Specifically,
we investigated the use of both amide bond formation and azide-alkyne
ligation for connecting an OMP-targeting macrocyclic peptide to a
PMEN building block (obtained by enzymatic degradation of polymyxin
E). The conjugates obtained via both approaches display potent antibacterial
activity against a range of Gram-negative pathogens including multi-drug-resistant
isolates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas M Wood
- Biological Chemistry Group, Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Sylviusweg 72, Leiden 2333 BE, The Netherlands.,Department of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, Utrecht 3584 CG, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelis J Slingerland
- Biological Chemistry Group, Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Sylviusweg 72, Leiden 2333 BE, The Netherlands
| | - Nathaniel I Martin
- Biological Chemistry Group, Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Sylviusweg 72, Leiden 2333 BE, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Gan BH, Gaynord J, Rowe SM, Deingruber T, Spring DR. The multifaceted nature of antimicrobial peptides: current synthetic chemistry approaches and future directions. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:7820-7880. [PMID: 34042120 PMCID: PMC8689412 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00729c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial infections caused by 'superbugs' are increasing globally, and conventional antibiotics are becoming less effective against these bacteria, such that we risk entering a post-antibiotic era. In recent years, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have gained significant attention for their clinical potential as a new class of antibiotics to combat antimicrobial resistance. In this review, we discuss several facets of AMPs including their diversity, physicochemical properties, mechanisms of action, and effects of environmental factors on these features. This review outlines various chemical synthetic strategies that have been applied to develop novel AMPs, including chemical modifications of existing peptides, semi-synthesis, and computer-aided design. We will also highlight novel AMP structures, including hybrids, antimicrobial dendrimers and polypeptides, peptidomimetics, and AMP-drug conjugates and consider recent developments in their chemical synthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bee Ha Gan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK.
| | - Josephine Gaynord
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK.
| | - Sam M Rowe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK.
| | - Tomas Deingruber
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK.
| | - David R Spring
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Mat Rani NNI, Mustafa Hussein Z, Mustapa F, Azhari H, Sekar M, Chen XY, Mohd Amin MCI. Exploring the possible targeting strategies of liposomes against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2021; 165:84-105. [PMID: 33974973 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2021.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Multi antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections are on the rise due to the overuse of antibiotics. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one of the pathogens listed under the category of serious threats where vancomycin remains the mainstay treatment despite the availability of various antibacterial agents. Recently, decreased susceptibility to vancomycin from clinical isolates of MRSA has been reported and has drawn worldwide attention as it is often difficult to overcome and leads to increased medical costs, mortality, and longer hospital stays. Development of antibiotic delivery systems is often necessary to improve bioavailability and biodistribution, in order to reduce antibiotic resistance and increase the lifespan of antibiotics. Liposome entrapment has been used as a method to allow higher drug dosing apart from reducing toxicity associated with drugs. The surface of the liposomes can also be designed and enhanced with drug-release properties, active targeting, and stealth effects to prevent recognition by the mononuclear phagocyte system, thus enhancing its circulation time. The present review aimed to highlight the possible targeting strategies of liposomes against MRSA bacteremia systemically while investigating the magnitude of this effect on the minimum inhibitory concentration level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nur Najihah Izzati Mat Rani
- Centre for Drug Delivery Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Faculty of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Universiti Kuala Lumpur Royal College of Medicine Perak, 30450 Ipoh, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Zahraa Mustafa Hussein
- Centre for Drug Delivery Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Fahimi Mustapa
- Hospital Batu Gajah Jalan Changkat, 31000 Batu Gajah, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Hanisah Azhari
- Centre for Drug Delivery Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mahendran Sekar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Universiti Kuala Lumpur Royal College of Medicine Perak, 30450 Ipoh, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Xiang Yi Chen
- Centre for Drug Delivery Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Cairul Iqbal Mohd Amin
- Centre for Drug Delivery Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Gkartziou F, Giormezis N, Spiliopoulou I, Antimisiaris SG. Nanobiosystems for Antimicrobial Drug-Resistant Infections. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11051075. [PMID: 33922004 PMCID: PMC8143556 DOI: 10.3390/nano11051075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The worldwide increased bacterial resistance toward antimicrobial therapeutics has led investigators to search for new therapeutic options. Some of the options currently exploited to treat drug-resistant infections include drug-associated nanosystems. Additionally, the use of bacteriophages alone or in combination with drugs has been recently revisited; some studies utilizing nanosystems for bacteriophage delivery have been already reported. In this review article, we focus on nine pathogens that are the leading antimicrobial drug-resistant organisms, causing difficult-to-treat infections. For each organism, the bacteriophages and nanosystems developed or used in the last 20 years as potential treatments of pathogen-related infections are discussed. Summarizing conclusions and future perspectives related with the potential of such nano-antimicrobials for the treatment of persistent infections are finally highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Foteini Gkartziou
- Institute of Chemical Engineering, FORTH/ICES, Platani, 26504 Patras, Greece;
| | - Nikolaos Giormezis
- National Reference Centre for Staphylococci, School of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece;
| | - Iris Spiliopoulou
- National Reference Centre for Staphylococci, School of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece;
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
- Correspondence: (I.S.); (S.G.A.)
| | - Sophia G. Antimisiaris
- Institute of Chemical Engineering, FORTH/ICES, Platani, 26504 Patras, Greece;
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
- Correspondence: (I.S.); (S.G.A.)
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Shi Y, Feng X, Lin L, Wang J, Chi J, Wu B, Zhou G, Yu F, Xu Q, Liu D, Quan G, Lu C, Pan X, Cai J, Wu C. Virus-inspired surface-nanoengineered antimicrobial liposome: A potential system to simultaneously achieve high activity and selectivity. Bioact Mater 2021; 6:3207-3217. [PMID: 33723524 PMCID: PMC7947718 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.02.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Enveloped viruses such as SARS-CoV-2 frequently have a highly infectious nature and are considered effective natural delivery systems exhibiting high efficiency and specificity. Since simultaneously enhancing the activity and selectivity of lipopeptides is a seemingly unsolvable problem for conventional chemistry and pharmaceutical approaches, we present a biomimetic strategy to construct lipopeptide-based mimics of viral architectures and infections to enhance their antimicrobial efficacy while avoiding side effects. Herein, a surface-nanoengineered antimicrobial liposome (SNAL) is developed with the morphological features of enveloped viruses, including a moderate size range, lipid-based membrane structure, and highly lipopeptide-enriched bilayer surface. The SNAL possesses virus-like infection to bacterial cells, which can mediate high-efficiency and high-selectivity bacteria binding, rapidly attack and invade bacteria via plasma membrane fusion pathway, and induce a local “burst” release of lipopeptide to produce irreversible damage of cell membrane. Remarkably, viral mimics are effective against multiple pathogens with low minimum inhibitory concentrations (1.6–6.3 μg mL−1), high bactericidal efficiency of >99% within 2 h, >10-fold enhanced selectivity over free lipopeptide, 99.8% reduction in skin MRSA load after a single treatment, and negligible toxicity. This bioinspired design has significant potential to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of lipopeptides and may create new opportunities for designing next-generation antimicrobials. Virus-inspired surface-nanoengineered antimicrobial liposomes (SNALs) are developed. SNALs are lipopeptide-based mimics with virus-like architectures and infectivity. The loaded lipopeptides contribute to bacteria binding and membrane disruption. SNALs simultaneously enhance the antimicrobial activity and selectivity of lipopeptides. SNALs represent promising antimicrobials to combat antibiotic-resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yin Shi
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 511443, China.,Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Xiaoqian Feng
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Liming Lin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Jiaying Chi
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 511443, China
| | - Biyuan Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Guilin Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Feiyuan Yu
- Medical College, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, 15041, China
| | - Qian Xu
- Medical College, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, 15041, China
| | - Daojun Liu
- Medical College, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, 15041, China
| | - Guilan Quan
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 511443, China
| | - Chao Lu
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 511443, China.,Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33620, United States
| | - Xin Pan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Jianfeng Cai
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33620, United States
| | - Chuanbin Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 511443, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Deng J, Viel JH, Kubyshkin V, Budisa N, Kuipers OP. Conjugation of Synthetic Polyproline Moietes to Lipid II Binding Fragments of Nisin Yields Active and Stable Antimicrobials. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:575334. [PMID: 33329435 PMCID: PMC7715017 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.575334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Coupling functional moieties to lantibiotics offers exciting opportunities to produce novel derivatives with desirable properties enabling new functions and applications. Here, five different synthetic hydrophobic polyproline peptides were conjugated to either nisin AB (the first two rings of nisin) or nisin ABC (the first three rings of nisin) by using click chemistry. The antimicrobial activity of nisin ABC + O6K3 against Enterococcus faecium decreased 8-fold compared to full-length nisin, but its activity was 16-fold better than nisin ABC, suggesting that modifying nisin ABC is a promising strategy to generate semi-synthetic nisin hybrids. In addition, the resulting nisin hybrids are not prone to degradation at the C-terminus, which has been observed for nisin as it can be degraded by nisinase or other proteolytic enzymes. This methodology allows for getting more insight into the possibility of creating semi-synthetic nisin hybrids that maintain antimicrobial activity, in particular when synthetic and non-proteinaceous moieties are used. The success of this approach in creating viable nisin hybrids encourages further exploring the use of different modules, e.g., glycans, lipids, active peptide moieties, and other antimicrobial moieties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Deng
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Jakob H Viel
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Vladimir Kubyshkin
- Institute of Chemistry, Technical University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Nediljko Budisa
- Institute of Chemistry, Technical University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Oscar P Kuipers
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Karbalaei-Heidari HR, Budisa N. Combating Antimicrobial Resistance With New-To-Nature Lanthipeptides Created by Genetic Code Expansion. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:590522. [PMID: 33250877 PMCID: PMC7674664 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.590522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the rapid emergence of multi-resistant bacterial strains in recent decades, the commercially available effective antibiotics are becoming increasingly limited. On the other hand, widespread antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) such as the lantibiotic nisin has been used worldwide for more than 40 years without the appearance of significant bacterial resistance. Lantibiotics are ribosomally synthesized antimicrobials generated by posttranslational modifications. Their biotechnological production is of particular interest to redesign natural scaffolds improving their pharmaceutical properties, which has great potential for therapeutic use in human medicine and other areas. However, conventional protein engineering methods are limited to 20 canonical amino acids prescribed by the genetic code. Therefore, the expansion of the genetic code as the most advanced approach in Synthetic Biology allows the addition of new amino acid building blocks (non-canonical amino acids, ncAAs) during protein translation. We now have solid proof-of-principle evidence that bioexpression with these novel building blocks enabled lantibiotics with chemical properties transcending those produced by natural evolution. The unique scaffolds with novel structural and functional properties are the result of this bioengineering. Here we will critically examine and evaluate the use of the expanded genetic code and its alternatives in lantibiotics research over the last 7 years. We anticipate that Synthetic Biology, using engineered lantibiotics and even more complex scaffolds will be a promising tool to address an urgent problem of antibiotic resistance, especially in a class of multi-drug resistant microbes known as superbugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Reza Karbalaei-Heidari
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Nediljko Budisa
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Institute of Chemistry, Technical University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Deng J, Viel JH, Chen J, Kuipers OP. Synthesis and Characterization of Heterodimers and Fluorescent Nisin Species by Incorporation of Methionine Analogues and Subsequent Click Chemistry. ACS Synth Biol 2020; 9:2525-2536. [PMID: 32786360 PMCID: PMC7507115 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.0c00308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Noncanonical
amino acids form a highly diverse pool of building
blocks that can render unique physicochemical properties to peptides
and proteins. Here, four methionine analogues with unsaturated and
varying side chain lengths were successfully incorporated at four
different positions in nisin in Lactococcus lactis through force feeding. This approach allows for residue-specific
incorporation of methionine analogues into nisin to expand their structural
diversity and alter their activity profiles. Moreover, the insertion
of methionine analogues with biorthogonal chemical reactivity, e.g.,
azidohomoalanine and homopropargylglycine, provides the opportunity
for chemical coupling to functional moieties and fluorescent probes
as well as for intermolecular coupling of nisin variants. All resulting
nisin conjugates retained antimicrobial activity, which substantiates
the potential of this method as a tool to further study its localization
and mode of action.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Deng
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jakob H. Viel
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jingqi Chen
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Oscar P. Kuipers
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Searching for mechanisms of action of antimicrobials. Arch Microbiol 2020; 202:2347-2354. [DOI: 10.1007/s00203-020-01959-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
|
25
|
An Engineered Double Lipid II Binding Motifs-Containing Lantibiotic Displays Potent and Selective Antimicrobial Activity against Enterococcus faecium. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2020; 64:AAC.02050-19. [PMID: 32179527 PMCID: PMC7269505 DOI: 10.1128/aac.02050-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid II is an essential precursor for bacterial cell wall biosynthesis and thereby an important target for various antibiotics. Several lanthionine-containing peptide antibiotics target lipid II with lanthionine-stabilized lipid II binding motifs. Here, we used the biosynthesis system of the lantibiotic nisin to synthesize a two-lipid II binding motifs-containing lantibiotic, termed TL19, which contains the N-terminal lipid II binding motif of nisin and the distinct C-terminal lipid II binding motif of one peptide of the two-component haloduracin (i. Lipid II is an essential precursor for bacterial cell wall biosynthesis and thereby an important target for various antibiotics. Several lanthionine-containing peptide antibiotics target lipid II with lanthionine-stabilized lipid II binding motifs. Here, we used the biosynthesis system of the lantibiotic nisin to synthesize a two-lipid II binding motifs-containing lantibiotic, termed TL19, which contains the N-terminal lipid II binding motif of nisin and the distinct C-terminal lipid II binding motif of one peptide of the two-component haloduracin (i.e., HalA1). Further characterization demonstrated that (i) TL19 exerts 64-fold stronger antimicrobial activity against Enterococcus faecium than nisin(1-22), which has only one lipid II binding site, and (ii) both the N- and C-terminal domains are essential for the potent antimicrobial activity of TL19, as evidenced by mutagenesis of each single and the double domains. These results show the feasibility of a new approach to synthesize potent lantibiotics with two different lipid II binding motifs to treat specific antibiotic-resistant pathogens.
Collapse
|
26
|
Dickman R, Danelius E, Mitchell SA, Hansen DF, Erdélyi M, Tabor AB. A Chemical Biology Approach to Understanding Molecular Recognition of Lipid II by Nisin(1-12): Synthesis and NMR Ensemble Analysis of Nisin(1-12) and Analogues. Chemistry 2019; 25:14572-14582. [PMID: 31599485 PMCID: PMC6899958 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201902814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Natural products that target lipid II, such as the lantibiotic nisin, are strategically important in the development of new antibacterial agents to combat the rise of antimicrobial resistance. Understanding the structural factors that govern the highly selective molecular recognition of lipid II by the N-terminal region of nisin, nisin(1-12), is a crucial step in exploiting the potential of such compounds. In order to elucidate the relationships between amino acid sequence and conformation of this bicyclic peptide fragment, we have used solid-phase peptide synthesis to prepare two novel analogues of nisin(1-12) in which the dehydro residues have been replaced. We have carried out an NMR ensemble analysis of one of these analogues and of the wild-type nisin(1-12) peptide in order to compare the conformations of these two bicyclic peptides. Our analysis has shown the effects of residue mutation on ring conformation. We have also demonstrated that the individual rings of nisin(1-12) are pre-organised to an extent for binding to the pyrophosphate group of lipid II, with a high degree of flexibility exhibited in the central amide bond joining the two rings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachael Dickman
- Department of ChemistryUniversity College London, 20Gordon StreetLondonWC1H 0AJUK
| | - Emma Danelius
- The Swedish NMR CentreMedicinaregatan 540530GothenburgSweden
| | - Serena A. Mitchell
- Department of ChemistryUniversity College London, 20Gordon StreetLondonWC1H 0AJUK
| | - D. Flemming Hansen
- Institute of Structural and Molecular BiologyDivision of BiosciencesUniversity College LondonGower StreetLondonWC1E 6BTUK
| | - Máté Erdélyi
- The Swedish NMR CentreMedicinaregatan 540530GothenburgSweden
- Department of Chemistry–BMCUppsala UniversityBox 57675123UppsalaSweden
| | - Alethea B. Tabor
- Department of ChemistryUniversity College London, 20Gordon StreetLondonWC1H 0AJUK
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Song Z, Niu C, Wu H, Wei J, Zhang Y, Yue T. Transcriptomic Analysis of the Molecular Mechanisms Underlying the Antibacterial Activity of IONPs@pDA-Nisin Composites toward Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:21874-21886. [PMID: 31185568 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b02990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A simple and no-drug resistance antibacterial method was developed by the synthesis of heat-stable and pH-tolerant nisin-loaded iron oxide nanoparticles polydopamine (IONPs@pDA) composites. The composites had a crystal structure and diameters of 25 ± 3 nm, with a saturation magnetization ( Ms) of 43.7995 emu g-1. Nisin was successfully conjugated onto the IONPs@pDA nanoparticles, as evinced by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses. The novel synthesized material showed good performance in reducing Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris, a common food spoilage bacterium that represents a significant problem for the food industry. Treatment of A. acidoterrestris cells with composites resulted in membrane damage, as observed by live/dead staining and scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy analyses. Further, the composites exhibited highly efficient antibacterial activity against cells in only 5 min. Transcriptomic sequencing of culture RNA pools after exposure to composites resulted in a total of 334 differentially expressed genes that were primarily associated with transcriptional regulation, energy metabolism, membrane transporters, membrane and cell wall syntheses, and cell motility. Thus, these results suggested that changes in transcriptional regulation caused by aggregated composites on target cells led to major changes in homeostasis that manifested by decreased energy metabolism, pore formation in the membrane, and repressed cell wall synthesis. Concomitantly, cell motility and sporulation activities were both repressed, and finally, intracellular substances flowed out of leaky cells. The proposed biocontrol method represents a novel means to control microorganisms without inducing drug resistance. Further, these results provide novel insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the antibacterial activity of composites against microorganisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zihan Song
- College of Food Science and Engineering , Northwest A&F University , Yangling 712100 , China
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products (Yangling) , Ministry of Agriculture , Yangling 712100 , China
- National Engineering Research Center of Agriculture Integration Test (Yangling) , Yangling 712100 , China
| | - Chen Niu
- College of Food Science & Engineering , Northwest University Xian , Xian 710069 , Shaanxi , PR China
| | - Hao Wu
- College of Food Science and Engineering , Northwest A&F University , Yangling 712100 , China
| | - Jianping Wei
- College of Food Science and Engineering , Northwest A&F University , Yangling 712100 , China
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products (Yangling) , Ministry of Agriculture , Yangling 712100 , China
- National Engineering Research Center of Agriculture Integration Test (Yangling) , Yangling 712100 , China
| | - Yuxiang Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering , Northwest A&F University , Yangling 712100 , China
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products (Yangling) , Ministry of Agriculture , Yangling 712100 , China
- National Engineering Research Center of Agriculture Integration Test (Yangling) , Yangling 712100 , China
| | - Tianli Yue
- College of Food Science and Engineering , Northwest A&F University , Yangling 712100 , China
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products (Yangling) , Ministry of Agriculture , Yangling 712100 , China
- National Engineering Research Center of Agriculture Integration Test (Yangling) , Yangling 712100 , China
- College of Food Science & Engineering , Northwest University Xian , Xian 710069 , Shaanxi , PR China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Synthetic surfactin analogues have improved anti-PEDV properties. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0215227. [PMID: 30973929 PMCID: PMC6459484 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0215227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Surfactin has antiviral activity against various enveloped viruses by inhibiting viral membrane fusion. However, the potential utility of surfactin as an antiviral drug is limited by its cytotoxicity. In this study, 10 surfactin analogues were obtained by chemical synthesis and evaluated to determine their anti-PEDV activities, hemolytic activities, and critical micelle concentrations. The main goal of our study was to develop a safer drug; a surfactin analogue with high anti-PEDV activity and low hemolytic activity. Compared with surfactin, one of the analogues we developed, SLP5, has lower hemolytic activity, with the same antiviral activity. The selectivity index of SLP5 is 52, while the SI for surfactin is 4, in other words, the safe and effective concentration range of SLP5 is 12 times greater than that of surfactin. Like surfactin, SLP5 has a direct antiviral effect on PEDV. Structurally, SLP5 is a linear lipopeptide with three carboxyl groups. Surfactin derivatives similar to SLP5 could be obtained by lactone bond hydrolyzation of surfactin, as well as total synthesis.
Collapse
|
29
|
Maaskant RV, Roelfes G. Bioorthogonal Metalloporphyrin-Catalyzed Selective Methionine Alkylation in the Lanthipeptide Nisin. Chembiochem 2019; 20:57-61. [PMID: 30246492 PMCID: PMC6680192 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201800493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Bioorthogonal catalytic modification of ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptides (RiPPs) is a promising approach to obtaining novel antimicrobial peptides with improved properties and/or activities. Here, we present the serendipitous discovery of a selective and rapid method for the alkylation of methionines in the lanthipeptide nisin. Using carbenes, formed from water-soluble metalloporphyrins and diazoacetates, methionines are alkylated to obtain sulfonium ions. The formed sulfonium ions are stable, but can be further reacted to obtain functionalized methionine analogues, expanding the toolbox of chemical posttranslational modification even further.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruben V. Maaskant
- Stratingh Institute for ChemistryUniversity of GroningenNijenborgh 49747AGGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Gerard Roelfes
- Stratingh Institute for ChemistryUniversity of GroningenNijenborgh 49747AGGroningenThe Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Dhanda G, Sarkar P, Samaddar S, Haldar J. Battle against Vancomycin-Resistant Bacteria: Recent Developments in Chemical Strategies. J Med Chem 2018; 62:3184-3205. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b01093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Geetika Dhanda
- Antimicrobial Research Laboratory, New Chemistry Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bengaluru 560064, Karnataka, India
| | - Paramita Sarkar
- Antimicrobial Research Laboratory, New Chemistry Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bengaluru 560064, Karnataka, India
| | - Sandip Samaddar
- Antimicrobial Research Laboratory, New Chemistry Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bengaluru 560064, Karnataka, India
| | - Jayanta Haldar
- Antimicrobial Research Laboratory, New Chemistry Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bengaluru 560064, Karnataka, India
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Mitchell SA, Truscott F, Dickman R, Ward J, Tabor AB. Simplified lipid II-binding antimicrobial peptides: Design, synthesis and antimicrobial activity of bioconjugates of nisin rings A and B with pore-forming peptides. Bioorg Med Chem 2018; 26:5691-5700. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2018.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
32
|
Medeiros-Silva J, Jekhmane S, Paioni AL, Gawarecka K, Baldus M, Swiezewska E, Breukink E, Weingarth M. High-resolution NMR studies of antibiotics in cellular membranes. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3963. [PMID: 30262913 PMCID: PMC6160437 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06314-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The alarming rise of antimicrobial resistance requires antibiotics with unexploited mechanisms. Ideal templates could be antibiotics that target the peptidoglycan precursor lipid II, known as the bacterial Achilles heel, at an irreplaceable pyrophosphate group. Such antibiotics would kill multidrug-resistant pathogens at nanomolecular concentrations without causing antimicrobial resistance. However, due to the challenge of studying small membrane-embedded drug–receptor complexes in native conditions, the structural correlates of the pharmaceutically relevant binding modes are unknown. Here, using advanced highly sensitive solid-state NMR setups, we present a high-resolution approach to study lipid II-binding antibiotics directly in cell membranes. On the example of nisin, the preeminent lantibiotic, we show that the native antibiotic-binding mode strongly differs from previously published structures, and we demonstrate that functional hotspots correspond to plastic drug domains that are critical for the cellular adaptability of nisin. Thereby, our approach provides a foundation for an improved understanding of powerful antibiotics. Antibiotics that target the peptidoglycan precursor lipid II are promising templates for next-generation antibiotics. Here authors use solid-state NMR and monitor lipid II-binding antibiotics, such as nisin, directly in cell membranes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- João Medeiros-Silva
- NMR Spectroscopy, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Shehrazade Jekhmane
- NMR Spectroscopy, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Alessandra Lucini Paioni
- NMR Spectroscopy, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Katarzyna Gawarecka
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawinskiego 5a, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marc Baldus
- NMR Spectroscopy, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ewa Swiezewska
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawinskiego 5a, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Eefjan Breukink
- Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Markus Weingarth
- NMR Spectroscopy, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
de Bruijn AD, Roelfes G. Chemical Modification of Dehydrated Amino Acids in Natural Antimicrobial Peptides by Photoredox Catalysis. Chemistry 2018; 24:11314-11318. [PMID: 29939448 PMCID: PMC6099298 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201803144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Dehydroalanine (Dha) and dehydrobutyrine (Dhb) are remarkably versatile non-canonical amino acids often found in antimicrobial peptides. This work presents the selective modification of Dha and Dhb in antimicrobial peptides through photocatalytic activation of organoborates under the influence of visible light. Ir(dF(CF3 )ppy)2 (dtbbpy)PF6 was used as a photoredox catalyst in aqueous solutions for the modification of thiostrepton and nisin. The mild conditions and high selectivity for the dehydrated residues show that photoredox catalysis is a promising tool for the modification of peptide-derived natural products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A. Dowine de Bruijn
- Stratingh Institute for ChemistryUniversity of GroningenNijenborgh 49747AGGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Gerard Roelfes
- Stratingh Institute for ChemistryUniversity of GroningenNijenborgh 49747AGGroningenThe Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Denoël T, Lemaire C, Luxen A. Progress in Lanthionine and Protected Lanthionine Synthesis. Chemistry 2018; 24:15421-15441. [PMID: 29714402 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201801115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Lanthionine (Lan), a non-proteinogenic natural amino acid, is an essential component of peptidoglycan found in the cell wall of Fusobacterium species. Lan and β-methyllanthionine are also key constituents in lantibiotics, a prevalent class of peptide antibiotics. The development of those new antibacterial drugs with enhanced properties is the focus of recent research. Since multiple isomers of Lan are possible, a regio- and diastereoselective synthesis is challenging. This comprehensive review summarizes the known chemical syntheses of lanthionine from various precursors (e.g., β-chloroalanine, cystine, dehydroalanine, β-iodoalanine, aziridine, serine lactone, sulfamidate) since 1941. Methods for preparation of unprotected, protected, orthogonally protected, and mutually orthogonally protected lanthionine with relevant experimental details and perspectives on their usefulness are provided. The potential of these Lan derivatives is illustrated by one recent application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thibaut Denoël
- Cyclotron Research Centre, Université de Liège, Quartier Agora, allée du VI août, 8, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Christian Lemaire
- Cyclotron Research Centre, Université de Liège, Quartier Agora, allée du VI août, 8, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - André Luxen
- Cyclotron Research Centre, Université de Liège, Quartier Agora, allée du VI août, 8, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
de Bruijn AD, Roelfes G. Catalytic Modification of Dehydroalanine in Peptides and Proteins by Palladium-Mediated Cross-Coupling. Chemistry 2018; 24:12728-12733. [PMID: 29923249 PMCID: PMC6146911 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201802846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Dehydroalanine (Dha) is a remarkably versatile non‐canonical amino acid often found in antimicrobial peptides. Herein, we present the catalytic modification of Dha by a palladium‐mediated cross‐coupling reaction. By using Pd(EDTA)(OAc)2 as water‐soluble catalyst, a variety of arylboronic acids was coupled to the dehydrated residues in proteins and peptides, such as Nisin. The cross‐coupling reaction gave both the Heck product, in which the sp2‐hybridisation of the α‐carbon is retained, as well as the conjugated addition product. The reaction can be performed under mild aqueous conditions, which makes this method an attractive addition to the palette of bio‐orthogonal catalytic methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Dowine de Bruijn
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747, AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gerard Roelfes
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747, AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Modifying the Lantibiotic Mutacin 1140 for Increased Yield, Activity, and Stability. Appl Environ Microbiol 2018; 84:AEM.00830-18. [PMID: 29776930 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00830-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutacin 1140 belongs to the epidermin family of type AI lantibiotics. This family has a broad spectrum of activity against Gram-positive bacteria. The binding of mutacin 1140 to lipid II leads to the inhibition of cell wall synthesis. Pharmacokinetic experiments with type AI lantibiotics are generally discouraging for clinical applications due to the short half-life of these compounds. The unprotected dehydrated and protease-susceptible residues outside the lanthionine rings may play a role in the short half-life in physiological settings. Previous mutagenesis work on mutacin 1140 has been limited to the lanthionine-forming residues, the C-terminally decarboxylated residue, and single amino acid substitutions at residues Phe1, Trp4, Dha5, and Arg13. To study the importance of the dehydrated (Dha5 and Dhb14) and protease-susceptible (Lys2 and Arg13) residues within mutacin 1140 for stability and bioactivity, each of these residues was evaluated for its impact on production and inhibitory activity. More than 15 analogs were purified, enabling direct comparison of the activities against a select panel of Gram-positive bacteria. The efficiency of the posttranslational modification (PTM) machinery of mutacin 1140 is highly restricted on its substrate. Analogs in the various intermediate stages of PTMs were observed as minor products following single point mutations at the 2nd, 5th, 13th, and 14th positions. The combination of alanine substitutions at the Dha5 and Dhb14 positions abolished mutacin 1140 production, while the production was restored by substitution of a Gly residue at one of these positions. Analogs with improved activity, productivity, and proteolytic stability were identified.IMPORTANCE Our findings show that the efficiency of mutacin 1140 PTMs is highly dependent on the core peptide sequence. Analogs in various intermediate stages of PTMs can be transported by the bacterium, which indicates that PTMs and transport are finely tuned for the native mutacin 1140 core peptide. Only certain combinations of amino acid substitutions at the Dha5 and Dhb14 dehydrated residue positions were tolerated. Observation of glutamylated core peptide analogs shows that dehydrations occur in a glutamate-dependent manner. Interestingly, mutations at positions outside rings A and B, the lipid II binding domain, would interfere with lipid II binding. Purified mutacin 1140 analogs have various activities and selectivities against different genera of bacteria, supporting the effort to generate analogs with higher specificity against pathogenic bacteria. The discovery of analogs with improved inhibitory activity against pathogenic bacteria, increased stability in the presence of protease, and higher product yields may promote the clinical development of this unique antimicrobial compound.
Collapse
|
37
|
Bioinspired Designs, Molecular Premise and Tools for Evaluating the Ecological Importance of Antimicrobial Peptides. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2018; 11:ph11030068. [PMID: 29996512 PMCID: PMC6161137 DOI: 10.3390/ph11030068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This review article provides an overview of recent developments in antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), summarizing structural diversity, potential new applications, activity targets and microbial killing responses in general. The use of artificial and natural AMPs as templates for rational design of peptidomimetics are also discussed and some strategies are put forward to curtail cytotoxic effects against eukaryotic cells. Considering the heat-resistant nature, chemical and proteolytic stability of AMPs, we attempt to summarize their molecular targets, examine how these macromolecules may contribute to potential environmental risks vis-à-vis the activities of the peptides. We further point out the evolutional characteristics of the macromolecules and indicate how they can be useful in designing target-specific peptides. Methods are suggested that may help to assess toxic mechanisms of AMPs and possible solutions are discussed to promote the development and application of AMPs in medicine. Even if there is wide exposure to the environment like in the hospital settings, AMPs may instead contribute to prevent healthcare-associated infections so long as ecotoxicological aspects are considered.
Collapse
|
38
|
Bolt HL, Kleijn LHJ, Martin NI, Cobb SL. Synthesis of Antibacterial Nisin⁻Peptoid Hybrids Using Click Methodology. Molecules 2018; 23:E1566. [PMID: 29958423 PMCID: PMC6099617 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23071566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides and structurally related peptoids offer potential for the development of new antibiotics. However, progress has been hindered by challenges presented by poor in vivo stability (peptides) or lack of selectivity (peptoids). Herein, we have developed a process to prepare novel hybrid antibacterial agents that combine both linear peptoids (increased in vivo stability compared to peptides) and a nisin fragment (lipid II targeting domain). The hybrid nisin⁻peptoids prepared were shown to have low micromolar activity (comparable to natural nisin) against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hannah L Bolt
- Center for Global Infectious Diseases, Department of Chemistry, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK.
| | - Laurens H J Kleijn
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Nathaniel I Martin
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Steven L Cobb
- Center for Global Infectious Diseases, Department of Chemistry, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Chilambi GS, Gao IH, Yoon BK, Park S, Kawakami LM, Ravikumar V, Chan-Park MB, Cho NJ, Bazan GC, Kline KA, Rice SA, Hinks J. Membrane adaptation limitations inEnterococcus faecalisunderlie sensitivity and the inability to develop significant resistance to conjugated oligoelectrolytes. RSC Adv 2018; 8:10284-10293. [PMID: 35540442 PMCID: PMC9078823 DOI: 10.1039/c7ra11823f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
COEs are emerging antimicrobials to combat drug resistant infections and to which bacteria develop only limited resistance.
Collapse
|
40
|
Geng M, Smith L. Improving the attrition rate of Lanthipeptide discovery for commercial applications. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2017; 13:155-167. [PMID: 29195488 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2018.1410137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Lanthipeptides are a class of ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptides. Lanthipeptides with antimicrobial activity are referred to as lantibiotics. Lantibiotics are generally active against Gram-positive bacteria. However, some modifications have expanded their activity toward Gram-negative bacteria. Furthermore, additional functions aside from antibacterial activities have been reported for lanthipeptides. Areas covered: This review provides a synopsis of current anthipeptide research for potential therapeutics. The review highlights the current tools used for identifying lanthipeptides from genomic sequencing data. It also describes the current approaches that have been used to overcome the limitations in the purification and isolation of lanthipeptides. The status of lanthipeptides in terms of potential applications and approaches that are currently being done to promote the development of lanthipeptides as novel therapeutics are also discussed. Expert opinion: Significant improvements have been made to promote the discovery of new lanthipeptides, while, simultaneously, tools have been developed to promote their production and isolation. Lanthipeptides are showing significant promise for treating bacterial infections, as well as for new applications as anticancer and antiviral agents, or as a novel treatment for pain management. At the current rate of lanthipeptide discovery and isolation of the products, it is likely several new applications will be discovered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengxin Geng
- a Department of Biological Sciences , Texas A&M University, College Station , College Station , TX , USA
| | - Leif Smith
- a Department of Biological Sciences , Texas A&M University, College Station , College Station , TX , USA
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Bakhtiary A, Cochrane SA, Mercier P, McKay RT, Miskolzie M, Sit CS, Vederas JC. Insights into the Mechanism of Action of the Two-Peptide Lantibiotic Lacticin 3147. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:17803-17810. [PMID: 29164875 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b04728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Lacticin 3147 is a two peptide lantibiotc (LtnA1 and LtnA2) that displays nanomolar activity against many Gram-positive bacteria. Lacticin 3147 may exert its antimicrobial effect by several mechanisms. Isothermal titration calorimetry experiments show that only LtnA1 binds to the peptidoglycan precursor lipid II, which could inhibit peptidoglycan biosynthesis. An experimentally supported model of the resulting complex suggests that the key binding partners are the C-terminus of LtnA1 and pyrophosphate of lipid II. A combination of in vivo and in vitro assays indicates that LtnA1 and LtnA2 can induce rapid membrane lysis without the need for lipid II binding. However, the presence of lipid II substantially increases the activity of lacticin 3147. Furthermore, studies with synthetic LtnA2 analogues containing either desmethyl- or oxa-lanthionine rings confirm that the precise geometry of these rings is essential for this synergistic activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Bakhtiary
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta , Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Stephen A Cochrane
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queens University Belfast , Belfast BT9 5AG, United Kingdom
| | - Pascal Mercier
- National High Field NMR Centre, University of Alberta , Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Ryan T McKay
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta , Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Mark Miskolzie
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta , Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Clarissa S Sit
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Mary's University , Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 3C3, Canada
| | - John C Vederas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta , Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
't Hart P, Wood TM, Tehrani KHME, van Harten RM, Śleszyńska M, Rentero Rebollo I, Hendrickx APA, Willems RJL, Breukink E, Martin NI. De novo identification of lipid II binding lipopeptides with antibacterial activity against vancomycin-resistant bacteria. Chem Sci 2017; 8:7991-7997. [PMID: 29568446 PMCID: PMC5853558 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc03413j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid II binding lipopeptides discovered via bicyclic peptide phage display exhibit promising antibacterial activity.
Creative strategies for identifying new antibiotics are essential to addressing the looming threat of a post-antibiotic era. We here report the use of a targeted peptide phage display screen as a means of generating novel antimicrobial lipopeptides. Specifically, a library of phage displayed bicyclic peptides was screened against a biomolecular target based on the bacterial cell wall precursor lipid II. In doing so we identified unique lipid II binding peptides that upon lipidation were found to be active against a range of Gram-positive bacteria including clinically relevant strains of vancomycin resistant bacteria. Optimization of the peptide sequence led to variants with enhanced antibacterial activity and reduced hemolytic activity. Biochemical experiments further confirm a lipid II mediated mode of action for these new-to-nature antibacterial lipopeptides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter 't Hart
- Department of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery , Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences , Utrecht University , Universiteitsweg 99 , 3584 CG Utrecht , The Netherlands .
| | - Thomas M Wood
- Department of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery , Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences , Utrecht University , Universiteitsweg 99 , 3584 CG Utrecht , The Netherlands .
| | - Kamaleddin Haj Mohammad Ebrahim Tehrani
- Department of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery , Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences , Utrecht University , Universiteitsweg 99 , 3584 CG Utrecht , The Netherlands .
| | - Roel M van Harten
- Department of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery , Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences , Utrecht University , Universiteitsweg 99 , 3584 CG Utrecht , The Netherlands .
| | - Małgorzata Śleszyńska
- Department of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery , Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences , Utrecht University , Universiteitsweg 99 , 3584 CG Utrecht , The Netherlands .
| | - Inmaculada Rentero Rebollo
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering , Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne , Lausanne , Switzerland
| | - Antoni P A Hendrickx
- Department of Medical Microbiology , University Medical Center , Utrecht , The Netherlands
| | - Rob J L Willems
- Department of Medical Microbiology , University Medical Center , Utrecht , The Netherlands
| | - Eefjan Breukink
- Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics Group , Department of Chemistry , Utrecht University , The Netherlands
| | - Nathaniel I Martin
- Department of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery , Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences , Utrecht University , Universiteitsweg 99 , 3584 CG Utrecht , The Netherlands .
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Koh JJ, Lin S, Beuerman RW, Liu S. Recent advances in synthetic lipopeptides as anti-microbial agents: designs and synthetic approaches. Amino Acids 2017; 49:1653-1677. [PMID: 28823054 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-017-2476-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Infectious diseases impose serious public health burdens and continue to be a global public health crisis. The treatment of infections caused by multidrug-resistant pathogens is challenging because only a few viable therapeutic options are clinically available. The emergence and risk of drug-resistant superbugs and the dearth of new classes of antibiotics have drawn increasing awareness that we may return to the pre-antibiotic era. To date, lipopeptides have been received considerable attention because of the following properties: They exhibit potent antimicrobial activities against a broad spectrum of pathogens, rapid bactericidal activity and have a different antimicrobial action compared with most of the conventional antibiotics used today and very slow development of drug resistance tendency. In general, lipopeptides can be structurally classified into two parts: a hydrophilic peptide moiety and a hydrophobic fatty acyl chain. To date, a significant amount of design and synthesis of lipopeptides have been done to improve the therapeutic potential of lipopeptides. This review will present the current knowledge and the recent research in design and synthesis of new lipopeptides and their derivatives in the last 5 years.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Jie Koh
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, The Academia, 20 College Road, Discovery Tower Level 6, Singapore, 169856, Singapore
| | - Shuimu Lin
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, The Academia, 20 College Road, Discovery Tower Level 6, Singapore, 169856, Singapore
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China
| | - Roger W Beuerman
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, The Academia, 20 College Road, Discovery Tower Level 6, Singapore, 169856, Singapore.
- SRP Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, 169857, Singapore.
| | - Shouping Liu
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, The Academia, 20 College Road, Discovery Tower Level 6, Singapore, 169856, Singapore.
- SRP Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, 169857, Singapore.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Müller A, Klöckner A, Schneider T. Targeting a cell wall biosynthesis hot spot. Nat Prod Rep 2017; 34:909-932. [PMID: 28675405 DOI: 10.1039/c7np00012j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Covering: up to 2017History points to the bacterial cell wall biosynthetic network as a very effective target for antibiotic intervention, and numerous natural product inhibitors have been discovered. In addition to the inhibition of enzymes involved in the multistep synthesis of the macromolecular layer, in particular, interference with membrane-bound substrates and intermediates essential for the biosynthetic reactions has proven a valuable antibacterial strategy. A prominent target within the peptidoglycan biosynthetic pathway is lipid II, which represents a particular "Achilles' heel" for antibiotic attack, as it is readily accessible on the outside of the cytoplasmic membrane. Lipid II is a unique non-protein target that is one of the structurally most conserved molecules in bacterial cells. Notably, lipid II is more than just a target molecule, since sequestration of the cell wall precursor may be combined with additional antibiotic activities, such as the disruption of membrane integrity or disintegration of membrane-bound multi-enzyme machineries. Within the membrane bilayer lipid II is likely organized in specific anionic phospholipid patches that form a particular "landing platform" for antibiotics. Nature has invented a variety of different "lipid II binders" of at least 5 chemical classes, and their antibiotic activities can vary substantially depending on the compounds' physicochemical properties, such as amphiphilicity and charge, and thus trigger diverse cellular effects that are decisive for antibiotic activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Müller
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Paganelli FL, van de Kamer T, Brouwer EC, Leavis HL, Woodford N, Bonten MJ, Willems RJ, Hendrickx AP. Lipoteichoic acid synthesis inhibition in combination with antibiotics abrogates growth of multidrug-resistant Enterococcus faecium. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2017; 49:355-363. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2016.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Revised: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
|
46
|
van Harten RM, Willems RJL, Martin NI, Hendrickx APA. Multidrug-Resistant Enterococcal Infections: New Compounds, Novel Antimicrobial Therapies? Trends Microbiol 2017; 25:467-479. [PMID: 28209400 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2017.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Revised: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Over the past two decades infections due to antibiotic-resistant bacteria have escalated world-wide, affecting patient morbidity, mortality, and health care costs. Among these bacteria, Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis represent opportunistic nosocomial pathogens that cause difficult-to-treat infections because of intrinsic and acquired resistance to a plethora of antibiotics. In recent years, a number of novel antimicrobial compound classes have been discovered and developed that target Gram-positive bacteria, including E. faecium and E. faecalis. These new antibacterial agents include teixobactin (targeting lipid II and lipid III), lipopeptides derived from nisin (targeting lipid II), dimeric vancomycin analogues (targeting lipid II), sortase transpeptidase inhibitors (targeting the sortase enzyme), alanine racemase inhibitors, lipoteichoic acid synthesis inhibitors (targeting LtaS), various oxazolidinones (targeting the bacterial ribosome), and tarocins (interfering with teichoic acid biosynthesis). The targets of these novel compounds and mode of action make them very promising for further antimicrobial drug development and future treatment of Gram-positive bacterial infections. Here we review current knowledge of the most favorable anti-enterococcal compounds along with their implicated modes of action and efficacy in animal models to project their possible future use in the clinical setting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roel M van Harten
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Rob J L Willems
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Nathaniel I Martin
- Department of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Antoni P A Hendrickx
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Liu Y, Ding S, Dietrich R, Märtlbauer E, Zhu K. A Biosurfactant‐Inspired Heptapeptide with Improved Specificity to Kill MRSA. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:1486-1490. [PMID: 28106348 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201609277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Revised: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human HealthNational Center for Veterinary Drug Safety EvaluationCollege of Veterinary MedicineChina Agricultural University Yuanmingyuan West Road No.2 Beijing 100193 China
| | - Shuangyang Ding
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human HealthNational Center for Veterinary Drug Safety EvaluationCollege of Veterinary MedicineChina Agricultural University Yuanmingyuan West Road No.2 Beijing 100193 China
| | - Richard Dietrich
- Institute of Food SafetyDepartment of Veterinary SciencesLudwig-Maximilians-University Munich 85764 Oberschleißheim Germany
| | - Erwin Märtlbauer
- Institute of Food SafetyDepartment of Veterinary SciencesLudwig-Maximilians-University Munich 85764 Oberschleißheim Germany
| | - Kui Zhu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human HealthNational Center for Veterinary Drug Safety EvaluationCollege of Veterinary MedicineChina Agricultural University Yuanmingyuan West Road No.2 Beijing 100193 China
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringDuke University Durham NC 27708 USA
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Liu Y, Ding S, Dietrich R, Märtlbauer E, Zhu K. A Biosurfactant-Inspired Heptapeptide with Improved Specificity to Kill MRSA. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201609277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health; National Center for Veterinary Drug Safety Evaluation; College of Veterinary Medicine; China Agricultural University; Yuanmingyuan West Road No.2 Beijing 100193 China
| | - Shuangyang Ding
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health; National Center for Veterinary Drug Safety Evaluation; College of Veterinary Medicine; China Agricultural University; Yuanmingyuan West Road No.2 Beijing 100193 China
| | - Richard Dietrich
- Institute of Food Safety; Department of Veterinary Sciences; Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich; 85764 Oberschleißheim Germany
| | - Erwin Märtlbauer
- Institute of Food Safety; Department of Veterinary Sciences; Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich; 85764 Oberschleißheim Germany
| | - Kui Zhu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health; National Center for Veterinary Drug Safety Evaluation; College of Veterinary Medicine; China Agricultural University; Yuanmingyuan West Road No.2 Beijing 100193 China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Duke University; Durham NC 27708 USA
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Ongey EL, Yassi H, Pflugmacher S, Neubauer P. Pharmacological and pharmacokinetic properties of lanthipeptides undergoing clinical studies. Biotechnol Lett 2017; 39:473-482. [PMID: 28044226 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-016-2279-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The intrinsic qualities of lanthipeptides for their use as therapeutic drugs present several challenges because of their properties, which include stability, solubility and bioavailability, which, under physiological conditions, are very low. Researches have encouraged clinical evaluation of a few compounds, such as mutacin 1140, microbisporicin, actagardine and duramycin, with pharmacokinetic profiles showing rapid distribution and elimination rates, good bioavailability and fecal excretion, as well as high protein binding. Local and parenteral administration are currently suitable to minimize environmental influences on lanthipeptides and ensure efficient activity. Nevertheless, valuable improvements on pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties may also permit systemic applications via enteral routes. Understanding how rational modifications influence the desired pharmacological and pharmacokinetic properties of these biomolecules would help to answer some specific questions about their susceptibility to environmental changes, mechanism of action and how to engineer other peptides of the same group to improve their clinical relevance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elvis Legala Ongey
- Chair of Bioprocess Engineering, Department of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Berlin, Ackerstraße 76, ACK24, 13355, Berlin, Germany. .,Department of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Berlin, Ackerstraße 76, ACK24, 13355, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Hüseyin Yassi
- Chair of Bioprocess Engineering, Department of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Berlin, Ackerstraße 76, ACK24, 13355, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stephan Pflugmacher
- Department Ecological Impact Research and Ecotoxicology, Institute of Ecology, Berlin Institute of Technology (BIT), 10538, Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Neubauer
- Chair of Bioprocess Engineering, Department of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Berlin, Ackerstraße 76, ACK24, 13355, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Montalbán-López M, van Heel AJ, Kuipers OP. Employing the promiscuity of lantibiotic biosynthetic machineries to produce novel antimicrobials. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2016; 41:5-18. [PMID: 27591436 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuw034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
As the number of new antibiotics that reach the market is decreasing and the demand for them is rising, alternative sources of novel antimicrobials are needed. Lantibiotics are potent peptide antimicrobials that are ribosomally synthesized and stabilized by post-translationally introduced lanthionine rings. Their ribosomal synthesis and enzymatic modifications provide excellent opportunities to design and engineer a large variety of novel antimicrobial compounds. The research conducted in this area demonstrates that the modularity present in both the peptidic rings as well as in the combination of promiscuous modification enzymes can be exploited to further increase the diversity of lantibiotics. Various approaches, where the modifying enzymes and corresponding leader peptides are decoupled from their natural core peptide and integrated in designed plug-and-play production systems, enable the production of modified peptides that are either derived from vast genomic data or designed using functional parts from a wide diversity of core peptides. These approaches constitute a powerful discovery platform to develop novel antimicrobials with high therapeutic potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Montalbán-López
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747AG Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Auke J van Heel
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747AG Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Oscar P Kuipers
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747AG Groningen, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|