1
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Lam CK, Fung LY, Wang Y. Orientation and Membrane Partition Free Energy of PeT-Based Voltage-Sensitive Dyes from Molecular Simulations. J Phys Chem B 2024; 128:2734-2744. [PMID: 38459942 PMCID: PMC10961725 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c08090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
Voltage measurement via small-molecule fluorescent indicators is a valuable approach in deciphering complex dynamics in electrically excitable cells. However, our understanding of various physicochemical properties governing the performance of fluorescent voltage sensors based on the photoinduced electron transfer (PeT) mechanism remains incomplete. Here, through extensive molecular dynamics and free energy calculations, we systematically examine the orientation and membrane partition of three PeT-based voltage-sensing VoltageFluor (VF) dyes in different lipid environment. We show that the symmetry of the molecular scaffold and the net charge of the hydrophilic headgroup of a given VF dye dominate its orientation and membrane partition, respectively. Our work provides a mechanistic understanding of the physical properties contributing to the voltage sensitivity, signal-to-noise ratio, as well as membrane distribution of VF dyes and sheds light onto rational design principles of PeT-based fluorescent probes in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Kei Lam
- Department of Physics, The
Chinese University
of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Lap Yan Fung
- Department of Physics, The
Chinese University
of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Physics, The
Chinese University
of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
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2
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Luo J, Liu S, Chen Y, Tan J, Zhao W, Zhang Y, Li G, Du Y, Zheng Y, Li X, Li H, Tan Y. Light Addressable Potentiometric Sensors for Biochemical Imaging on Microscale: A Review on Optimization of Imaging Speed and Spatial Resolution. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:42028-42044. [PMID: 38024735 PMCID: PMC10652365 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c04789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Light addressable potentiometric sensors (LAPS) are a competitive tool for unmarked biochemical imaging, especially imaging on microscale. It is essential to optimize the imaging speed and spatial resolution of LAPS since the imaging targets of LAPS, such as cell, microfluidic channel, etc., require LAPS to image at the micrometer level, and a fast enough imaging speed is a prerequisite for the dynamic process involved in biochemical imaging. In this study, we discuss the improvement of LAPS in terms of imaging speed and spatial resolution. The development of LAPS in imaging speed and spatial resolution is demonstrated by the latest applications of biochemistry monitoring and imaging on the microscale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiezhang Luo
- School
of Electronics and Information, Northwestern
Polytechnical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shibin Liu
- School
of Electronics and Information, Northwestern
Polytechnical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yinhao Chen
- School
of Electronics and Information, Northwestern
Polytechnical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Tan
- School
of Electrical Engineering and Electronic Information, Xihua University, Chengdou, Sichuan 610097, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenbo Zhao
- Institute
of Flexible Electronics, Northwestern Polytechnical
University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yun Zhang
- School
of Electronics and Information, Northwestern
Polytechnical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guifang Li
- School
of Electronics and Information, Northwestern
Polytechnical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yongqian Du
- School
of Electronics and Information, Northwestern
Polytechnical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yaoxin Zheng
- Beijing
Automation Control Equipment Institute, Beijing 100074, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xueliang Li
- School
of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, Henan 466001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huijuan Li
- College of
Electrical Engineering, Shaanxi Polytechnic
Institute, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yue Tan
- School
of Electronics and Information, Northwestern
Polytechnical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710072, People’s Republic of China
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3
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Xin N, Gao D, Su B, Zhou T, Zhu Y, Wu C, Wei D, Sun J, Fan H. Orange-Emissive Carbon Dots with High Photostability for Mitochondrial Dynamics Tracking in Living Cells. ACS Sens 2023; 8:1161-1172. [PMID: 36795996 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.2c02451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria play significant roles in maintaining a stable internal environment for cell metabolism. Hence, real-time monitoring of the dynamics of mitochondria is essential for further understanding mitochondria-related diseases. Fluorescent probes provide powerful tools for visualizing dynamic processes. However, most mitochondria-targeted probes are derived from organic molecules with poor photostability, making long-term dynamic monitoring challenging. Herein, we design a novel mitochondria-targeted probe based on carbon dots with high performance for long-term tracking. Considering that the targeting ability of CDs is related to surface functional groups, which are generally determined by the reaction precursors, we successfully constructed mitochondria-targeted O-CDs with emission at 565 nm through solvothermal treatment of m-diethylaminophenol. The O-CDs are bright with a high quantum yield of 12.61%, high mitochondria-targeting ability, and good stability. The O-CDs possess a high quantum yield (12.61%), specific mitochondria-targeting ability, and outstanding optical stability. Owing to the abundant hydroxyl and ammonium cations on the surface, O-CDs showed obvious accumulation in mitochondria with a high colocalization coefficient of up to 0.90 and remained steady even after fixation. Besides, O-CDs showed outstanding compatibility and photostability under various interruptions or long-time irradiation. Therefore, O-CDs are preferable for the long-term tracking of dynamic mitochondrial behavior in live cells. We first observed the mitochondrial fission and fusion behaviors in HeLa cells, and then, the size, morphology, and distribution of mitochondria in physiological or pathological conditions were clearly recorded. More importantly, we observed different dynamics interactions between mitochondria and lipid droplets during the apoptosis and mitophagy processes. This study provides a potential tool for exploring interactions between mitochondria and other organelles, further promoting the research on mitochondria-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nini Xin
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, Sichuan, China
| | - Dong Gao
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, Sichuan, China
| | - Borui Su
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, Sichuan, China
| | - Ting Zhou
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuda Zhu
- Laboratory of Ethnopharmacology, Tissue-Orientated Property of Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China School of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Chengheng Wu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, Sichuan, China
- Institute of Regulatory Science for Medical Devices, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Dan Wei
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, Sichuan, China
| | - Jing Sun
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, Sichuan, China
| | - Hongsong Fan
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, Sichuan, China
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4
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Zhou Q, Rizzo S, Oetjen J, Fülöp A, Rittner M, Gillandt H, Hopf C. A Caged In-Source Laser-Cleavable MALDI Matrix with High Vacuum Stability for Extended MALDI-MS Imaging. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202217047. [PMID: 36757677 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202217047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Insufficient vacuum stability of matrix chemicals is a major limitation in matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) of large tissue sample cohorts. Here, we designed and synthesized the photo-cleavable caged molecule 4,5-dimethoxy-2-nitrobenzyl-2,5-dihydroxyacetophenone (DMNB-2,5-DHAP) and employed it for lipid MALDI-MSI of mouse brain tissue sections. DMNB-2,5-DHAP is vacuum-stable in a high vacuum MALDI ion source for at least 72 h. Investigation of the uncaging process suggested that the built-in laser (355 nm) in the MALDI ion source promoted the in situ generation of 2,5-DHAP. A caging group is used for the first time in designing a MALDI matrix that is vacuum-stable, uncaged upon laser irradiation during the measurement process, and that boosts lipid ion intensity with MALDI-2 laser-induced postionization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuqin Zhou
- Center for Mass Spectrometry and Optical Spectroscopy (CeMOS), Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, Paul-Wittsack-Str. 10, 68163, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Stefano Rizzo
- Sirius Fine Chemicals SiChem GmbH, Fahrenheitstr. 1, 28359, Bremen, Germany
| | - Janina Oetjen
- Bruker Daltonics GmbH & Co. KG, Fahrenheitstr. 4, 28359, Bremen, Germany
| | - Annabelle Fülöp
- Center for Mass Spectrometry and Optical Spectroscopy (CeMOS), Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, Paul-Wittsack-Str. 10, 68163, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Miriam Rittner
- Sirius Fine Chemicals SiChem GmbH, Fahrenheitstr. 1, 28359, Bremen, Germany
| | - Hartmut Gillandt
- Sirius Fine Chemicals SiChem GmbH, Fahrenheitstr. 1, 28359, Bremen, Germany
| | - Carsten Hopf
- Center for Mass Spectrometry and Optical Spectroscopy (CeMOS), Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, Paul-Wittsack-Str. 10, 68163, Mannheim, Germany.,Medical Faculty, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 672, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Mannheim Center for Translational Neuroscience (MCTN), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Ludolf-Krehl-Straße 13-17, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
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5
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Yu Q, Wang X, Nie L. Optical recording of brain functions based on voltage-sensitive dyes. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2020.12.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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6
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Liu S, Lin C, Xu Y, Luo H, Peng L, Zeng X, Zheng H, Chen PR, Zou P. A far-red hybrid voltage indicator enabled by bioorthogonal engineering of rhodopsin on live neurons. Nat Chem 2021; 13:472-479. [PMID: 33859392 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-021-00641-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Membrane potential is a key aspect of cellular signalling and is dynamically regulated by an array of ion-selective pumps and channels. Fluorescent voltage indicators enable non-invasive optical recording of the cellular membrane potential with high spatial resolution. Here, we report a palette of bright and sensitive hybrid voltage indicators (HVIs) with fluorescence intensities sensitive to changes in membrane potential via electrochromic Förster resonance energy transfer. Enzyme-mediated site-specific incorporation of a probe, followed by an inverse-electron-demand Diels-Alder cycloaddition, was used to create enhanced voltage-sensing rhodopsins with hybrid dye-protein architectures. The most sensitive indicator, HVI-Cy3, displays high voltage sensitivity (-39% ΔF/F0 per 100 mV) and millisecond response kinetics, enabling optical recording of action potentials at a sampling rate of 400 Hz over 10 min across a large neuronal population. The far-red indicator HVI-Cy5 could be paired with optogenetic actuators and green/red-emitting fluorescent indicators, allowing an all-optical investigation of neuronal electrophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuzhang Liu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Chang Lin
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yongxian Xu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China.,School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Huixin Luo
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Luxin Peng
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangmei Zeng
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Huangtao Zheng
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Peng R Chen
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China. .,Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Peng Zou
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China. .,Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China. .,PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China. .,Chinese Institute for Brain Research (CIBR), Beijing, China.
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7
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Zhang H, He X, Li X, Guo L, Meng F, Yang R, Li C, Liu Z, Yu X. Permeability-Controllable Potentiometric Fluorescent Probes Enable Visually Discriminating Near-Zero and Normal Situations of Cell Membrane Potential. Anal Chem 2021; 93:2728-2732. [PMID: 33476124 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c04928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The permeability-controllable potentiometric fluorescent probes that can visually discriminate near-zero and normal situations of cell membrane potential were reported for the first time. Different from traditional potentiometric probes that utilize fluorescence intensity to reflect membrane potential, CQ12 and CP12 have different localizations under the two situations of cell membrane potential. Thus, the two situations can be point-to-point indicated by two fluorescent images with an obvious difference, avoiding complex operations and calibration of conventional methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huamiao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China
| | - Xiuquan He
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, P. R. China.,Advanced Medical Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, P. R. China
| | - Xuechen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China
| | - Lifang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China
| | - Fangfang Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China
| | - Rui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China
| | - Chuanya Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China
| | - Zhiqiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoqiang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China.,Advanced Medical Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, P. R. China
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8
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Golian KP, Akari AS, Hodgson GK, Impellizzeri S. Fluorescence activation, patterning and enhancement with photogenerated radicals, a prefluorescent probe and silver nanostructures. RSC Adv 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0ra09565f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We designed a switchable fluorophore activated by UVA light and a radical initiator, for optical lithography with concomitant metal-enhanced fluorescence by silver nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karol P. Golian
- Laboratory for Nanomaterials and Molecular Plasmonics
- Department of Chemistry and Biology
- Ryerson University
- Toronto
- Canada
| | - Aviya S. Akari
- Laboratory for Nanomaterials and Molecular Plasmonics
- Department of Chemistry and Biology
- Ryerson University
- Toronto
- Canada
| | - Gregory K. Hodgson
- Laboratory for Nanomaterials and Molecular Plasmonics
- Department of Chemistry and Biology
- Ryerson University
- Toronto
- Canada
| | - Stefania Impellizzeri
- Laboratory for Nanomaterials and Molecular Plasmonics
- Department of Chemistry and Biology
- Ryerson University
- Toronto
- Canada
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9
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Bruemmer KJ, Crossley SWM, Chang CJ. Activity-Based Sensing: A Synthetic Methods Approach for Selective Molecular Imaging and Beyond. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:13734-13762. [PMID: 31605413 PMCID: PMC7665898 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201909690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Emerging from the origins of supramolecular chemistry and the development of selective chemical receptors that rely on lock-and-key binding, activity-based sensing (ABS)-which utilizes molecular reactivity rather than molecular recognition for analyte detection-has rapidly grown into a distinct field to investigate the production and regulation of chemical species that mediate biological signaling and stress pathways, particularly metal ions and small molecules. Chemical reactions exploit the diverse chemical reactivity of biological species to enable the development of selective and sensitive synthetic methods to decipher their contributions within complex living environments. The broad utility of this reaction-driven approach facilitates application to imaging platforms ranging from fluorescence, luminescence, photoacoustic, magnetic resonance, and positron emission tomography modalities. ABS methods are also being expanded to other fields, such as drug and materials discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin J Bruemmer
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Steven W M Crossley
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Christopher J Chang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology and Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
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10
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Dogantzis NP, Hodgson GK, Impellizzeri S. Optical writing and single molecule reading of photoactivatable and silver nanoparticle-enhanced fluorescence. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2020; 2:1956-1966. [PMID: 36132516 PMCID: PMC9418025 DOI: 10.1039/d0na00049c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We designed a hybrid nanoparticle-molecular system composed of silver nanostructures (AgNP) and a fluorogenic boron dipyrromethene (BODIPY) that can be selectively activated by UVA or UVC light in the presence of an appropriate photoacid generator (PAG). Light irradiation of the PAG encourages the release of p-toluenesulfonic, triflic or hydrobromic acid, any of which facilitate optical 'writing' by promoting the formation of a fluorescent species. Metal-enhanced fluorescence (MEF) by AgNP was achieved through rational design of the nano-molecular system in accordance with the principles of radiative decay engineering. In addition to increasing signal to noise, AgNP permitted shorter reaction times and low irradiance - all of which have important implications for applications of fluorescence activation in portable fluorescence patterning, bioimaging and super-resolution microscopy. Single molecule fluorescence microscopy provided unique insights into the MEF mechanism which were hidden by ensemble-averaged measurements, demonstrating that single molecule 'reading' is a valuable tool for characterizing particle-molecule interactions such as those responsible for the relative contributions of increased excitation and plasmophoric emission toward overall MEF. This work represents a step forward in the contemporary design of synergistic nano-molecular systems, and showcases the advantage of fusion between classic spectroscopic techniques and single molecule methods in terms of improved quantitative understanding of fluorophore-nanoparticle interactions, and how these interactions can be exploited to the fullest extent possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas P Dogantzis
- Laboratory for Nanomaterials and Molecular Plasmonics, Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University 350 Victoria St. Toronto ON M5B 2K3 Canada
| | - Gregory K Hodgson
- Laboratory for Nanomaterials and Molecular Plasmonics, Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University 350 Victoria St. Toronto ON M5B 2K3 Canada
| | - Stefania Impellizzeri
- Laboratory for Nanomaterials and Molecular Plasmonics, Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University 350 Victoria St. Toronto ON M5B 2K3 Canada
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11
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Bruemmer KJ, Crossley SWM, Chang CJ. Aktivitätsbasierte Sensorik: ein synthetisch‐methodischer Ansatz für die selektive molekulare Bildgebung und darüber hinaus. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201909690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin J. Bruemmer
- Department of Chemistry University of California, Berkeley Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | | | - Christopher J. Chang
- Department of Chemistry University of California, Berkeley Berkeley CA 94720 USA
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology and Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute University of California, Berkeley Berkeley CA 94720 USA
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12
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Photoactivatable fluorescent probes for spatiotemporal-controlled biosensing and imaging. Trends Analyt Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2020.115811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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13
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Wei T, Lu S, Sun J, Xu Z, Yang X, Wang F, Ma Y, Shi YS, Chen X. Sanger's Reagent Sensitized Photocleavage of Amide Bond for Constructing Photocages and Regulation of Biological Functions. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:3806-3813. [PMID: 32023409 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b11357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Photolabile groups offer promising tools to study biological processes with high spatial and temporal control. In the investigation, we designed and prepared several new glycine amide derivatives of Sanger's reagent and demonstrated that they serve as a new class of photocages for Zn2+ and an acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor. We showed that the mechanism for photocleavage of these substances involves initial light-driven cyclization between the 2,4-dinitrophenyl and glycine methylene groups to form acyl benzimidazole N-oxides, which undergo secondary photoinduced decarboxylation in association with rupture of an amide bond. The cleavage reactions proceed with modest to high quantum yields. We demonstrated that these derivatives can be used in targeted intracellular delivery of Zn2+, fluorescent imaging by light-triggered Zn2+ release, and regulation of biological processes including the enzymatic activity of carbonic anhydrase (CA), negative regulation of N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors (NMDARs), and pulse rate of cardiomyocytes. The successful proof-of-concept examples described above open a new avenue for using Sanger's reagent-based glycine amides as photocages for the exploration of complex cellular functions and signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingwen Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing 210009 , China
| | - Sheng Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing 210009 , China
| | - Jiahui Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210032 , China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210032 , China
| | - Zhijun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing 210009 , China
| | - Xiao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing 210009 , China
| | - Fang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing 210009 , China
| | - Yang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing 210009 , China
| | - Yun Stone Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210032 , China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210032 , China.,Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210032 , China
| | - Xiaoqiang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing 210009 , China
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14
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Abstract
Membrane potential is a fundamental biophysical property maintained by every cell on earth. In specialized cells like neurons, rapid changes in membrane potential drive the release of chemical neurotransmitters. Coordinated, rapid changes in neuronal membrane potential across large numbers of interconnected neurons form the basis for all of human cognition, sensory perception, and memory. Despite the importance of this highly orchestrated and distributed activity, the traditional method for recording membrane potential is through the use of highly invasive single-cell electrodes that offer only a small glimpse of the total activity within a system. Fluorescent dyes that change their optical properties in response to changes in biological voltage have the potential to provide a powerful complement to traditional electrode-based methods of inquiry. Voltage-sensitive fluorescent indicators would allow the direct observation of membrane potential changes, significantly expanding our ability to monitor membrane potential dynamics in living systems. Toward this end, we have initiated a program to design, synthesize, and apply voltage-sensitive fluorophores that report on membrane potential dynamics with high sensitivity and speed. The basis for this optical voltage sensing is membrane potential-dependent photoinduced electron transfer (PeT). Voltage-sensitive fluorophores, or VoltageFluors, possess a fluorophore, a conjugated molecular wire, and an aniline donor. At resting potentials, in which the cell has a hyperpolarized or negative potential relative to the outside of the cell, PeT from the aniline donor is enhanced and fluorescence is diminished. At depolarized potentials, the membrane potential decreases the rate of PeT, allowing an increase in fluorescence. We show that a number of different fluorophores, molecular wires, and aniline donors can be employed to generate fast and sensitive VoltageFluor dyes. Multiple lines of evidence point to a PeT-based mechanism for voltage sensing, delivering fast response kinetics (∼25 ns), good sensitivity (>60% ΔF/F), compatibility with two-photon illumination, excellent signal-to-noise, and the ability to detect neuronal and cardiac action potentials in single trials. In this Account, we provide an overview of the challenges facing the design of fluorescent voltage indicators. We trace the development of molecular wire-based fluorescent voltage indicators within our group, beginning from fluorescein-based VoltageFluor to long-wavelength indicators that use modern fluorophores like silicon rhodamine and carbofluorescein. We examine design principles for PeT-based voltage indicators, showcase the use of our recent indicators for two-photon voltage imaging in intact brains, and explore the development of hybrid indicators that can localize to genetically defined cells. Finally, we highlight outstanding challenges to and opportunities for voltage imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Evan W. Miller
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department of Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute. University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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15
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Deal PE, Liu P, Al-Abdullatif SH, Muller VR, Shamardani K, Adesnik H, Miller EW. Covalently Tethered Rhodamine Voltage Reporters for High Speed Functional Imaging in Brain Tissue. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:614-622. [PMID: 31829585 PMCID: PMC6949409 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b12265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Voltage-sensitive fluorophores enable the direct visualization of membrane potential changes in living systems. To pair the speed and sensitivity of chemically synthesized fluorescent indicators with cell-type specific genetic methods, we here develop Rhodamine-based Voltage Reporters (RhoVR) that can be covalently tethered to genetically encoded, self-labeling enzymes. These chemical-genetic hybrids feature a photoinduced electron transfer triggered RhoVR voltage-sensitive indicator coupled to a chloroalkane HaloTag ligand through a long, water-soluble polyethylene glycol linker (RhoVR-Halo). When applied to cells, RhoVR-Halo dyes selectively and covalently bind to surface-expressed HaloTag enzyme on genetically modified cells. RhoVR-Halo dyes maintain high voltage sensitivities-up to 34% ΔF/F per 100 mV-and fast response times typical of untargeted RhoVRs, while gaining the selectivity of genetically encodable voltage indicators. We show that RhoVR-Halos can record action potentials in single trials from cultured rat hippocampal neurons and can be used in concert with green-fluorescent Ca2+ indicators like GCaMP to provide simultaneous voltage and Ca2+ imaging. In a brain slice, RhoVR-Halos provide exquisite labeling of defined cells and can be imaged using epifluorescence, confocal, or two-photon microscopy. Using high-speed epifluorescence microscopy, RhoVR-Halos provide a read-out of action potentials from labeled cortical neurons in a rat brain slice, without the need for trial averaging. These results demonstrate the potential of hybrid chemical-genetic voltage indicators to combine the optical performance of small-molecule chromophores with the inherent selectivity of genetically encodable systems, permitting imaging modalities inaccessible to either technique individually.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parker E. Deal
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Pei Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Sarah H. Al-Abdullatif
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Vikram R. Muller
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Kiarash Shamardani
- Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute. University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Hillel Adesnik
- Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute. University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Evan W. Miller
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute. University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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16
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Thal LB, Kovtun O, Rosenthal SJ. Labeling Neuronal Proteins with Quantum Dots for Single-Molecule Imaging. Methods Mol Biol 2020; 2135:169-177. [PMID: 32246334 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0463-2_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Single-molecule imaging has illuminated dynamics and kinetics of neuronal proteins in their native membranes helping us understand their effective roles in the brain. Here, we describe how nanometer-sized fluorescent semiconductors called quantum dots (QD) can be used to label neuronal proteins in a single QD imaging format. We detail two generalizable protocols accompanied by experimental considerations giving the user options in approach tailored to the materials and equipment available. These protocols can be modified for experiments to verify target specificity, as well as single molecule analysis such as single particle tracking and protein clustering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas B Thal
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Oleg Kovtun
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Sandra J Rosenthal
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
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17
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Hughes HJ, Demers SME, Zhang A, Hafner JH. The orientation of a membrane probe from structural analysis by enhanced Raman scattering. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2019; 1862:183109. [PMID: 31785235 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2019.183109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Small fluorescent molecules are widely used as probes of biomembranes. Different probes optically indicate membrane properties such as the lipid phase, thickness, viscosity, and electrical potential. The detailed molecular mechanisms behind probe signals are not well understood, in part due to the lack of tools to determine probe position and orientation in the membrane. Optical measurements on aligned biomembranes and lipid bilayers provide some degree of orientational information based on anisotropy in absorption, fluorescence, or nonlinear optical properties. These methods typically find the polar tilt angle between the membrane normal and the long axis of the molecule. Here we show that solution-phase surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectra of lipid membranes on gold nanorods can be used to determine molecular orientation of molecules within the membrane. The voltage sensitive dye 4-(2-(6-(dibutylamino)-2-naphthalenyl)ethenyl)-1-(3-sulfopropyl)-hydroxide, known as di-4-ANEPPS, is studied. Through the analysis of several peaks in the SERS spectrum, the polar angle from the membrane normal is found to be 66°, and the roll angle around the long axis of the molecule to be 305° from the original orientation. This structural analysis method could help elucidate the meaning of fluorescent membrane probe signals, and how they are affected by different lipid compositions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah J Hughes
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Steven M E Demers
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Aobo Zhang
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Jason H Hafner
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States of America; Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States of America.
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18
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19
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Mitochondria-targeting NIR fluorescent probe for rapid, highly sensitive and selective visualization of nitroxyl in live cells, tissues and mice. Sci China Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-019-9604-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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20
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Jang Y, Kim TI, Kim H, Choi Y, Kim Y. Photoactivatable BODIPY Platform: Light-Triggered Anticancer Drug Release and Fluorescence Monitoring. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2019; 2:2567-2572. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.9b00259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yul Jang
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute of Basic Sciences, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Tae-Il Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute of Basic Sciences, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Hyunjin Kim
- National Cancer Center, 323 Ilsan-ro, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 10408, Korea
| | - Yongdoo Choi
- National Cancer Center, 323 Ilsan-ro, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 10408, Korea
| | - Youngmi Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute of Basic Sciences, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea
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21
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Ortiz G, Liu P, Naing SHH, Muller VR, Miller EW. Synthesis of Sulfonated Carbofluoresceins for Voltage Imaging. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:6631-6638. [PMID: 30978010 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b01261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
We present the design, synthesis, and applications of a new class of voltage-sensitive fluorescent indicators built on a modified carbofluorescein scaffold. Carbofluoresceins are an attractive target for responsive probes because they maintain oxygen substitution patterns at the 3' and 6' positions, similar to fluorescein, while simultaneously possessing excitation and emission profiles red-shifted nearly 50 nm compared to fluorescein. However, the high p Ka of carbofluorescein dyes, coupled with their tendency to cyclize to nonfluorescent configurations, precludes their use in voltage-imaging applications. Here, we overcome the limitations of carbofluoresceins via chlorination to lower the p Ka by 2 units to 5.2 and sulfonation to prevent cyclization to the nonabsorbing form. To achieve this, we devise a synthetic route to halogenated sulfonated carbofluoresceins from readily available, inexpensive starting materials. New, chlorinated sulfone carbofluoresceins have low p Ka values (5.2) and can be incorporated into phenylenevinylene molecular wire scaffolds to create carboVoltage-sensitive fluorophores (carboVF dyes). The best of the new carboVF dyes, carboVF2.1(OMe).Cl, possesses excitation and emission profiles of >560 nm, displays high voltage sensitivity (>30% Δ F/ F per 100 mV), and can be used in the presence of other blue-excited fluorophores such as green fluorescent protein. Because carboVF2.1(OMe).Cl contains a phenolic oxygen, it can be incorporated into fluorogenic labeling strategies. Alkylation with a sterically bulky cyclopropylmethyl-derived acetoxymethyl ether renders carboVF weakly fluorescent; we show that fluorescence can be restored by the action of porcine liver esterase both in vitro and on the surface of living cells and neurons. Together, these results suggest chlorinated sulfone carbofluoresceins can be promising candidates for hybrid chemical-genetic voltage imaging at wavelengths beyond typical fluorescein excitation and emission.
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22
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Deo C, Lavis LD. Synthetic and genetically encoded fluorescent neural activity indicators. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2018; 50:101-108. [DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2018.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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23
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McLaughlin B, Surender EM, Wright GD, Daly B, de Silva AP. Lighting-up protein–ligand interactions with fluorescent PET (photoinduced electron transfer) sensor designs. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:1319-1322. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc05929a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Extending the versatile fluorescent PET sensing/switching system causes ‘off–on’ signalling when a ligand binds to its appropriate protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard McLaughlin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Queen's University
- Belfast BT9 5AG
- UK
| | - Esther M. Surender
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Queen's University
- Belfast BT9 5AG
- UK
| | - Glenn D. Wright
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Queen's University
- Belfast BT9 5AG
- UK
| | - Brian Daly
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Queen's University
- Belfast BT9 5AG
- UK
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24
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Fouillet A, Watson JF, Piekarz AD, Huang X, Li B, Priest B, Nisenbaum E, Sher E, Ursu D. Characterisation of Nav1.7 functional expression in rat dorsal root ganglia neurons by using an electrical field stimulation assay. Mol Pain 2017; 13:1744806917745179. [PMID: 29166836 PMCID: PMC5731621 DOI: 10.1177/1744806917745179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Nav1.7 subtype of voltage-gated sodium channels is specifically expressed in sensory and sympathetic ganglia neurons where it plays an important role in the generation and transmission of information related to pain sensation. Human loss or gain-of-function mutations in the gene encoding Nav1.7 channels (SCN9A) are associated with either absence of pain, as reported for congenital insensitivity to pain, or with exacerbation of pain, as reported for primary erythromelalgia and paroxysmal extreme pain disorder. Based on this important human genetic evidence, numerous drug discovery efforts are ongoing in search for Nav1.7 blockers as a novel therapeutic strategy to treat pain conditions. Results We are reporting here a novel approach to study Nav1.7 function in cultured rat sensory neurons. We used live cell imaging combined with electrical field stimulation to evoke and record action potential-driven calcium transients in the neurons. We have shown that the tarantula venom peptide Protoxin-II, a known Nav1.7 subtype selective blocker, inhibited electrical field stimulation-evoked calcium responses in dorsal root ganglia neurons with an IC50 of 72 nM, while it had no activity in embryonic hippocampal neurons. The results obtained in the live cell imaging assay were supported by patch-clamp studies as well as by quantitative PCR and Western blotting experiments that confirmed the presence of Nav1.7 mRNA and protein in dorsal root ganglia but not in embryonic hippocampal neurons. Conclusions The findings presented here point to a selective effect of Protoxin-II in sensory neurons and helped to validate a new method for investigating and comparing Nav1.7 pharmacology in sensory versus central nervous system neurons. This will help in the characterisation of the selectivity of novel Nav1.7 modulators using native ion channels and will provide the basis for the development of higher throughput models for enabling pain-relevant phenotypic screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Fouillet
- 1 Lilly Research Centre, 1539 Eli Lilly and Company , Windlesham, UK
| | - Jake F Watson
- 1 Lilly Research Centre, 1539 Eli Lilly and Company , Windlesham, UK
| | - Andrew D Piekarz
- 2 Lilly Research Laboratories, 1539 Eli Lilly and Company , IN, USA
| | - Xiaofang Huang
- 2 Lilly Research Laboratories, 1539 Eli Lilly and Company , IN, USA
| | - Baolin Li
- 2 Lilly Research Laboratories, 1539 Eli Lilly and Company , IN, USA
| | - Birgit Priest
- 2 Lilly Research Laboratories, 1539 Eli Lilly and Company , IN, USA
| | - Eric Nisenbaum
- 2 Lilly Research Laboratories, 1539 Eli Lilly and Company , IN, USA
| | - Emanuele Sher
- 1 Lilly Research Centre, 1539 Eli Lilly and Company , Windlesham, UK
| | - Daniel Ursu
- 1 Lilly Research Centre, 1539 Eli Lilly and Company , Windlesham, UK
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25
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Liu P, Grenier V, Hong W, Muller VR, Miller EW. Fluorogenic Targeting of Voltage-Sensitive Dyes to Neurons. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:17334-17340. [PMID: 29154543 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b07047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
We present a method to target voltage-sensitive fluorescent dyes to specified cells using an enzyme-catalyzed fluorogenic reaction on cell surfaces. The dye/enzyme hybrids are composed of a photoinduced electron transfer (PeT)-based fluorescent voltage indicator and a complementary enzyme expressed on the cell surface. Action of the exogenous enzyme on the dye results in fluorogenic activation of the dye, enabling fast voltage imaging in defined neurons with sensitivity surpassing those of purely genetically encoded approaches. We employ a bulky methylcyclopropylacetoxymethyl ether to diminish the fluorescence of a PeT-based voltage-sensitive dye, or VoltageFluor. The hydrolytically stable ether can be removed by the action of porcine liver esterase (PLE) to reveal the bright unmodified VoltageFluor. We established that the chemically modified VoltageFluor is a substrate for PLE in vitro and in live cells. When PLE is targeted to the external face of cell membranes, it controls the apparent staining of cells. The use of neuron-specific promoters can direct staining to mammalian neurons to provide clear detection of neuronal action potentials in single trials. All of the new VoltageFluors targeted by esterase expression (VF-EXs) report single spikes in cultured mammalian neurons. The best, VF-EX2, does so with a signal-to-noise ratio nearly double that of comparable genetically encoded voltage reporters. By targeting PLE to neurons, VF-EX2 can interrogate the neuromodulatory effects of serotonin in cultured hippocampal neurons. Taken together, our results show that a combination of synthetic chemistry and biochemistry enables bright and fast voltage imaging from genetically defined neurons in culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Liu
- Department of Chemistry, ‡Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, and §Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Vincent Grenier
- Department of Chemistry, ‡Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, and §Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Wootack Hong
- Department of Chemistry, ‡Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, and §Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Vikram R Muller
- Department of Chemistry, ‡Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, and §Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Evan W Miller
- Department of Chemistry, ‡Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, and §Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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26
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Abstract
Optical methods for interrogating membrane potential changes in neurons promise to revolutionize our ability to dissect the activity of individual cells embedded in neural circuits underlying behavior and sensation. A number of voltage imaging strategies have emerged in the past few years. This Perspective discusses developments in both small-molecule and genetically encoded fluorescent indicators of membrane potential. We survey recent advances in small-molecule fluorescent indicators that rely on photoinduced electron transfer to sense voltage as well as refinements of voltage-sensitive fluorescent proteins and new opsin-based strategies for monitoring voltage changes. We compare the requirements of fluorescent voltage indicators to those for more canonical Ca2+ sensing as a way to illuminate the particular challenges associated with voltage imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishikesh U. Kulkarni
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, and Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Evan W. Miller
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, and Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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27
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Liu XW, Yang Y, Wang W, Wang S, Gao M, Wu J, Tao N. Plasmonic-Based Electrochemical Impedance Imaging of Electrical Activities in Single Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:8855-8859. [PMID: 28504338 PMCID: PMC5837822 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201703033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Studying electrical activities in cells, such as action potential and its propagation in neurons, requires a sensitive and non-invasive analytical tool that can image local electrical signals with high spatial and temporal resolutions. Here we report a plasmonic-based electrochemical impedance imaging technique to study transient electrical activities in single cells. The technique is based on the conversion of the electrical signal into a plasmonic signal, which is imaged optically without labels. We demonstrate imaging of the fast initiation and propagation of action potential within single neurons, and validate the imaging technique with the traditional patch clamp technique. We anticipate that the plasmonic imaging technique will contribute to the study of electrical activities in various cellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Wei Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- Biodesign Center for Bioelectronics and Biosensors, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Yunze Yang
- Biodesign Center for Bioelectronics and Biosensors, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Shaopeng Wang
- Biodesign Center for Bioelectronics and Biosensors, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Ming Gao
- Division of Neurology, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ, 85013, USA
| | - Jie Wu
- Division of Neurology, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ, 85013, USA
| | - Nongjian Tao
- Biodesign Center for Bioelectronics and Biosensors, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
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28
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Daily NJ, Du ZW, Wakatsuki T. High-Throughput Phenotyping of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes and Neurons Using Electric Field Stimulation and High-Speed Fluorescence Imaging. Assay Drug Dev Technol 2017; 15:178-188. [PMID: 28525289 DOI: 10.1089/adt.2017.781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrophysiology of excitable cells, including muscle cells and neurons, has been measured by making direct contact with a single cell using a micropipette electrode. To increase the assay throughput, optical devices such as microscopes and microplate readers have been used to analyze electrophysiology of multiple cells. We have established a high-throughput (HTP) analysis of action potentials (APs) in highly enriched motor neurons and cardiomyocytes (CMs) that are differentiated from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). A multichannel electric field stimulation (EFS) device enabled the ability to electrically stimulate cells and measure dynamic changes in APs of excitable cells ultra-rapidly (>100 data points per second) by imaging entire 96-well plates. We found that the activities of both neurons and CMs and their response to EFS and chemicals are readily discerned by our fluorescence imaging-based HTP phenotyping assay. The latest generation of calcium (Ca2+) indicator dyes, FLIPR Calcium 6 and Cal-520, with the HTP device enables physiological analysis of human iPSC-derived samples highlighting its potential application for understanding disease mechanisms and discovering new therapeutic treatments.
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29
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Liu XW, Yang Y, Wang W, Wang S, Gao M, Wu J, Tao N. Plasmonic-Based Electrochemical Impedance Imaging of Electrical Activities in Single Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201703033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Wei Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, School of Chemistry and Materials Science; University of Science & Technology of China; Hefei 230026 China
- Biodesign Center for Bioelectronics and Biosensors; Arizona State University; Tempe AZ 85287 USA
| | - Yunze Yang
- Biodesign Center for Bioelectronics and Biosensors; Arizona State University; Tempe AZ 85287 USA
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Nanjing University; Nanjing 210093 China
| | - Shaopeng Wang
- Biodesign Center for Bioelectronics and Biosensors; Arizona State University; Tempe AZ 85287 USA
| | - Ming Gao
- Division of Neurology; Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center; Phoenix AZ 85013 USA
| | - Jie Wu
- Division of Neurology; Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center; Phoenix AZ 85013 USA
| | - Nongjian Tao
- Biodesign Center for Bioelectronics and Biosensors; Arizona State University; Tempe AZ 85287 USA
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30
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Kulkarni RU, Yin H, Pourmandi N, James F, Adil MM, Schaffer DV, Wang Y, Miller EW. A Rationally Designed, General Strategy for Membrane Orientation of Photoinduced Electron Transfer-Based Voltage-Sensitive Dyes. ACS Chem Biol 2017; 12:407-413. [PMID: 28004909 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.6b00981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Voltage imaging with fluorescent dyes offers promise for interrogating the complex roles of membrane potential in coordinating the activity of neurons in the brain. Yet, low sensitivity often limits the broad applicability of optical voltage indicators. In this paper, we use molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to guide the design of new, ultrasensitive fluorescent voltage indicators that use photoinduced electron transfer (PeT) as a voltage-sensing switch. MD simulations predict an approximately 16% increase in voltage sensitivity resulting purely from improved alignment of dye with the membrane. We confirm this theoretical finding by synthesizing 9 new voltage-sensitive (VoltageFluor, or VF) dyes and establishing that all of them display the expected improvement of approximately 19%. This synergistic outworking of theory and experiment enabled computational and theoretical estimation of VF dye orientation in lipid bilayers and has yielded the most sensitive PeT-based VF dye to date. We use this new voltage indicator to monitor voltage spikes in neurons from rat hippocampus and human pluripotent-stem-cell-derived dopaminergic neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hang Yin
- Shenzhen
Research Institute and Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | | | | | | | | | - Yi Wang
- Shenzhen
Research Institute and Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
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31
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Shen S, Yu J, Lu Y, Zhang S, Yi X, Gao B. Near-infrared probes based on fluorinated Si-rhodamine for live cell imaging. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra28455h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Si-rhodamine probe with a trifluoromethyl group on the 2-position of the pendant phenyl ring retains high brightness and excellent stability in a harsh physiological environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suxia Shen
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis (Hebei University)
- Ministry of Education
- Baoding
- China
| | - Jingru Yu
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis (Hebei University)
- Ministry of Education
- Baoding
- China
| | - Yaomin Lu
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis (Hebei University)
- Ministry of Education
- Baoding
- China
| | - Shuchen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science
- Hebei University
- Baoding
- China
| | - Xuegang Yi
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis (Hebei University)
- Ministry of Education
- Baoding
- China
| | - Baoxiang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis (Hebei University)
- Ministry of Education
- Baoding
- China
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province
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32
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Pendin D, Greotti E, Lefkimmiatis K, Pozzan T. Exploring cells with targeted biosensors. J Gen Physiol 2016; 149:1-36. [PMID: 28028123 PMCID: PMC5217087 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.201611654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Revised: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular signaling networks are composed of multiple pathways, often interconnected, that form complex networks with great potential for cross-talk. Signal decoding depends on the nature of the message as well as its amplitude, temporal pattern, and spatial distribution. In addition, the existence of membrane-bound organelles, which are both targets and generators of messages, add further complexity to the system. The availability of sensors that can localize to specific compartments in live cells and monitor their targets with high spatial and temporal resolution is thus crucial for a better understanding of cell pathophysiology. For this reason, over the last four decades, a variety of strategies have been developed, not only to generate novel and more sensitive probes for ions, metabolites, and enzymatic activity, but also to selectively deliver these sensors to specific intracellular compartments. In this review, we summarize the principles that have been used to target organic or protein sensors to different cellular compartments and their application to cellular signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Pendin
- Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council, Padua Section, 35121 Padua, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, 35121 Padua, Italy
| | - Elisa Greotti
- Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council, Padua Section, 35121 Padua, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, 35121 Padua, Italy
| | - Konstantinos Lefkimmiatis
- Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council, Padua Section, 35121 Padua, Italy.,Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, 35129 Padua, Italy
| | - Tullio Pozzan
- Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council, Padua Section, 35121 Padua, Italy.,Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, 35129 Padua, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, 35121 Padua, Italy
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33
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Yun JH, Park S, Heo JH, Lee HS, Yoon S, Kang J, Im SH, Kim H, Lee W, Kim B, Ko MJ, Chung DS, Son HJ. Enhancement of charge transport properties of small molecule semiconductors by controlling fluorine substitution and effects on photovoltaic properties of organic solar cells and perovskite solar cells. Chem Sci 2016; 7:6649-6661. [PMID: 28567255 PMCID: PMC5450529 DOI: 10.1039/c6sc02448c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We prepared a series of small molecules based on 7,7'-(4,4-bis(2-ethylhexyl)-4H-silolo[3,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene-2,6-diyl)bis(4-(5'-hexyl-[2,2'-bithiophene]-5-yl)benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole) with different fluorine substitution patterns (0F-4F). Depending on symmetricity and numbers of fluorine atoms incorporated in the benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole unit, they show very different optical and morphological properties in a film. 2F and 4F, which featured symmetric and even-numbered fluorine substitution patterns, display improved molecular packing structures and higher crystalline properties in a film compared with 1F and 3F and thus, 2F achieved the highest OTFT mobility, which is followed by 4F. In the bulk heterojunction solar cell fabricated with PC71BM, 2F achieves the highest photovoltaic performance with an 8.14% efficiency and 0F shows the lowest efficiency of 1.28%. Moreover, the planar-type perovskite solar cell (PSC) prepared with 2F as a dopant-free hole transport material shows a high power conversion efficiency of 14.5% due to its high charge transporting properties, which were significantly improved compared with the corresponding PSC device obtained from 0F (8.5%). From the studies, it is demonstrated that low variation in the local dipole moment and the narrow distribution of 2F conformers make intermolecular interactions favorable, which may effectively drive crystal formations in the solid state and thus, higher charge transport properties compared with 1F and 3F.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Hoon Yun
- Photoelectronic Hybrid Research Center , Korea Institute of Science and Technology , Seoul 02792 , Republic of Korea . .,University of Science and Technology (UST) , Daejeon 34113 , Republic of Korea
| | - Sungmin Park
- Photoelectronic Hybrid Research Center , Korea Institute of Science and Technology , Seoul 02792 , Republic of Korea . .,Department of Chemistry , Korea University , Seoul 06974 , Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hyuck Heo
- Functional Crystallization Center (FCC) , Department of Chemical Engineering , Kyung Hee University , Yongin-si 17104 , Gyeonggi-do , Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Sang Lee
- Photoelectronic Hybrid Research Center , Korea Institute of Science and Technology , Seoul 02792 , Republic of Korea . .,Green School (School of Energy and Environment) , Korea University , Seoul 02792 , Republic of Korea
| | - Seongwon Yoon
- School of Chemical Engineering and Material Science , Chung-Ang University , Seoul 06974 , Republic of Korea .
| | - Jinback Kang
- Department of Physics , Sogang University , Seoul 04107 , Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hyuk Im
- Functional Crystallization Center (FCC) , Department of Chemical Engineering , Kyung Hee University , Yongin-si 17104 , Gyeonggi-do , Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjung Kim
- Department of Physics , Sogang University , Seoul 04107 , Republic of Korea
| | - Wonmok Lee
- Department of Chemistry , Sejong University , Seoul 05006 , Republic of Korea
| | - BongSoo Kim
- Photoelectronic Hybrid Research Center , Korea Institute of Science and Technology , Seoul 02792 , Republic of Korea . .,Department of Science Education , Ewha Womans University , Seoul , 03760 , Republic of Korea
| | - Min Jae Ko
- Photoelectronic Hybrid Research Center , Korea Institute of Science and Technology , Seoul 02792 , Republic of Korea . .,KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology , Korea University , Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Sung Chung
- School of Chemical Engineering and Material Science , Chung-Ang University , Seoul 06974 , Republic of Korea .
| | - Hae Jung Son
- Photoelectronic Hybrid Research Center , Korea Institute of Science and Technology , Seoul 02792 , Republic of Korea . .,University of Science and Technology (UST) , Daejeon 34113 , Republic of Korea.,Green School (School of Energy and Environment) , Korea University , Seoul 02792 , Republic of Korea
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34
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Deal PE, Kulkarni RU, Al-Abdullatif SH, Miller EW. Isomerically Pure Tetramethylrhodamine Voltage Reporters. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:9085-8. [PMID: 27428174 PMCID: PMC5222532 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b05672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
We present the design, synthesis, and application of a new family of fluorescent voltage indicators based on isomerically pure tetramethylrhodamines. These new Rhodamine Voltage Reporters, or RhoVRs, use photoinduced electron transfer (PeT) as a trigger for voltage sensing, display excitation and emission profiles in the green to orange region of the visible spectrum, demonstrate high sensitivity to membrane potential changes (up to 47% ΔF/F per 100 mV), and employ a tertiary amide derived from sarcosine, which aids in membrane localization and simultaneously simplifies the synthetic route to the voltage sensors. The most sensitive of the RhoVR dyes, RhoVR 1, features a methoxy-substituted diethylaniline donor and phenylenevinylene molecular wire at the 5'-position of the rhodamine aryl ring, exhibits the highest voltage sensitivity to date for red-shifted PeT-based voltage sensors, and is compatible with simultaneous imaging alongside green fluorescent protein-based indicators. The discoveries that sarcosine-based tertiary amides in the context of molecular-wire voltage indicators prevent dye internalization and 5'-substituted voltage indicators exhibit improved voltage sensitivity should be broadly applicable to other types of PeT-based voltage-sensitive fluorophores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parker E. Deal
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California, 94720
| | | | | | - Evan W. Miller
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California, 94720
- Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California, 94720
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, California, 94720
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35
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Miller EW. Small molecule fluorescent voltage indicators for studying membrane potential. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2016; 33:74-80. [PMID: 27318561 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2016.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Revised: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Voltage imaging has the potential to unravel the contributions that rapid changes in membrane voltage make to cellular physiology, especially in the context of neuroscience. In particular, small molecule fluorophores are especially attractive because they can, in theory, provide fast and sensitive measurements of membrane potential dynamics. A number of classes of small molecule voltage indicators will be discussed, including dyes with improved two-photon voltage sensing, near infrared optical profiles for use in in vivo applications, and newly developed electron-transfer based indicators, or VoltageFluors, that can be tuned across a range of wavelengths to enable all-optical voltage manipulation and measurement. Limitations and a 'wish-list' for voltage indicators will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan W Miller
- Departments of Chemistry, Molecular & Cell Biology, and Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, 227 Hildebrand Berkeley, CA 94720-1460, United States.
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36
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Komatsu T, Virdee S. ICBS and ECBS Chemical Biology Meeting 2015 - Let Them Come to Berlin! ACS Chem Biol 2016; 11:1159-66. [PMID: 27198933 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.6b00268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Toru Komatsu
- Graduate
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- JST PRESTO, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satpal Virdee
- MRC
Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
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37
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Varon Silva D. ECBS & ICBS 2015 Joint Meeting: Bringing Chemistry to Life. Chembiochem 2016; 17:447-52. [PMID: 26710339 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201500684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The European Chemical Biology Society (ECBS) and the International Chemical Biology Society (ICBS) recently organized a joint meeting in Berlin. This meeting had more than 250 participants. Four keynote lectures were given by Timothy Mitchison, David Tirrell, Carolyn Bertozzi and Jason Chin; in addition there were 13 invited speakers, 20 selected oral talks and 30 talks selected from 90 posters. The meeting was divided into six topics: chemoproteomics, epigenetics, conjugates for target delivering, anti-infectives, molecular imaging and probing the structure, and function of post-translational modifications. The highlights of the meeting are presented in this report.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Varon Silva
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Muehlenberg 01, 14476, Potsdam, Germany.
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