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Qiao Z, Li X, Chen M, Cao F, Mo Z. Double 1,2-Carbon Migration at Mixed Heavier Sn=Ge Vinylidenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202401570. [PMID: 38380578 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202401570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
1,2-migration is one recurring isomerization reaction in organic chemistry. In contrast, double 1,2-migration remains rare and limited to transition-metal complexes. Herein, we describe the synthesis, characterization and reactivity of mixed heavier Sn=Ge vinylidenes. Double 1,2-carbon migration enables the isomerization of the stannagermenylidene (3) to the germastannenylidene (4). X-ray diffraction analysis and DFT calculations revealed that 3 and 4 feature a Sn=Ge double bond. The reaction of 3 with IMe4 (1,3,4,5-tetramethylimidazoline-2-ylidene) results in the electron redistribution in the Sn=Ge core to give the germylone-stannylene adduct (5). Moreover, treatment of 3 with 0.25 equiv. of (AlCp*)4 produces the heteronuclear aluminyl stannagermyne (6).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihao Qiao
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Xueyan Li
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Ming Chen
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Fanshu Cao
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Zhenbo Mo
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
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2
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Auer M, Bolten J, Eichele K, Schubert H, Sindlinger CP, Wesemann L. Heavy metalla vinyl-cations show metal-Lewis acid cooperativity in reaction with small molecules (NH 3, N 2H 4, H 2O, H 2). Chem Sci 2023; 14:514-524. [PMID: 36741530 PMCID: PMC9847682 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc05620h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Halide abstraction from tetrylidene complexes [TbbE(Br)IrH(PMe3)3] [E = Ge (1), Sn (2)] and [Ar*E(Cl)IrH(PMe3)3] gives the salts [TbbEIrH(PMe3)3][BArF 4] [E = Ge (3), Sn (4)] and [Ar*EIrH(PMe3)3][BArF 4] [E = Ge (3'), E = Sn (4')] (Tbb = 2,6-[CH(SiMe3)2]2-4-(t-Bu)C6H2, Ar* = 2,6-Trip2C6H3, Trip = 2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl). Bonding analysis suggests their most suitable description as metalla-tetrela vinyl cations with an Ir[double bond, length as m-dash]E double bond and a near linear coordination at the Ge/Sn atoms. Cationic complexes 3 and 4 oxidatively add NH3, N2H4, H2O, HCl, and H2 selectively to give: [TbbGe(NH2)IrH2(PMe3)3][BArF 4] (5), [TbbE(NHNH2)IrH2(PMe3)3][BArF 4] [E = Ge (7), Sn (8)], [TbbE(OH)IrH2(PMe3)3][BArF 4] [E = Ge (9), Sn (10)], [TbbE(Cl)IrH2(PMe3)3][BArF 4] [E = Ge (11a), Sn (12a)], [TbbGe(H)IrH2(PMe3)3][BArF 4] (13), [TbbSn(μ-H3)Ir(PMe3)3][BArF 4] (14), and [TbbSn(H)IrH2(PMe3)3][BArF 4] (15). 14 isomerizes to give 15via an 1,2-H shift reaction. Hydride addition to cation 3 gives a mixture of products [TbbGeHIrH(PMe3)3] (16) and [TbbGeIrH2(PMe3)3] (17) and a reversible 1,2-H shift between 16 and 17 was studied. In the tin case 4 the dihydride [TbbSnIrH2(PMe3)3] (18) was isolated exclusively. The PMe3 and PEt3 derivatives, 18 and [TbbSnIrH2(PEt3)3] (19), respectively, could also be synthesized in reaction of [TbbSnH2]- with the respective chloride [(R3P) n IrCl] (R = Me, n = 4; R = Et, n = 3). Reaction of complex 19 with CO gives the substitution product [TbbSnIrH2(CO)(PEt3)2] (20). Further reaction with CO results in hydrogen transfer from the iridium to the tin atom to give [TbbSnH2Ir(CO)2(PEt3)2] (21). The reversibility of this ligand induced reductive elimination transferring 20 to 21 is shown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Auer
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieAuf der Morgenstelle 1872076 TübingenGermany
| | - Janina Bolten
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieAuf der Morgenstelle 1872076 TübingenGermany
| | - Klaus Eichele
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieAuf der Morgenstelle 1872076 TübingenGermany
| | - Hartmut Schubert
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieAuf der Morgenstelle 1872076 TübingenGermany
| | - Christian P. Sindlinger
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität StuttgartPfaffenwaldring 5570569 StuttgartGermany
| | - Lars Wesemann
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieAuf der Morgenstelle 1872076 TübingenGermany
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3
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Widemann M, Jeggle S, Auer M, Eichele K, Schubert H, Sindlinger CP, Wesemann L. Hydridotetrylene [Ar*EH] (E = Ge, Sn, Pb) coordination at tantalum, tungsten, and zirconium. Chem Sci 2022; 13:3999-4009. [PMID: 35440987 PMCID: PMC8985505 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc00297c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In a reaction of tantalocene trihydride with the low valent aryl tin cation [Ar*Sn(C6H6)][Al(OC{CF3}3)4] (1a) the hydridostannylene complex [Cp2TaH2–Sn(H)Ar*][Al(OC{CF3}3)4] (2) was synthesized. Hydride bridged adducts [Cp2WH2EAr*][Al(OC{CF3}3)4] (E = Sn 3a, Pb 3b) were isolated as products of the reaction between Cp2WH2 and cations [Ar*E(C6H6)][Al(OC{CF3}3)4] (E = Sn 1a, Pb 1b). The tin adduct 3a exhibits a proton migration to give the hydridostannylene complex [Cp2W(H)
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Sn(H)Ar*][Al(OC{CF3}3)4] 4a. The cationic complex 4a is deprotonated at the tin atom in reaction with base MeNHC at 80 °C to give a hydrido-tungstenostannylene [Cp2W(H)SnAr*] 5a. Reprotonation of metallostannylene 5a with acid [H(Et2O)2][BArF] provides an alternative route to hydridotetrylene coordination. Complex 4a adds hydride to give the dihydrostannyl complex [Cp2W(H)–SnH2Ar*] (7). With styrene 4a shows formation of a hydrostannylation product [Cp2W(H)Sn(CH2CH2Ph)Ar*][Al(OC{CF3}3)4] (8). The lead adduct 3b was deprotonated with MeNHC to give plumbylene 5b [Cp2W(H)PbAr*]. Protonation of 5b with [H(Et2O)2][Al(OC{CF3}3)4] at −40 °C followed by low temperature NMR spectroscopy indicates a hydridoplumbylene intermediate [Cp2W(H)Pb(H)Ar*]+ (4b). Hydrido-tungstenotetrylenes of elements Ge (5c), Sn (5a) and Pb (5b) were also synthesized reacting the salt [Cp2W(H)Li]4 with organotetrylene halides. The metallogermylene [Cp2W(H)GeAr*] (5c) shows an isomerization via 1,2-H-migration to give the hydridogermylene [Cp2WGe(H)Ar*] (9), which is accelerated by addition of AIBN. 9 is at rt photochemically transferred back to 5c under light of a mercury vapor lamp. Zirconocene dihydride [Cp2ZrH2]2 reacts with tin cation 1a to give the trinuclear hydridostannylene adduct 10 [({Cp2Zr}2{μ-H})(μ-H)2μ-Sn(H)Ar*][Al(OC{CF3}3)4]. Deprotonation of 10 was carried out using benzyl potassium to give neutral [({Cp2Zr}2{μ-H})(μ-H)μ-Sn(H)Ar*] (11). 11 was also obtained from the reaction of low valent tin hydride [Ar*SnH]2 with two equivalents of [Cp2ZrH2]2. The trihydride Ar*SnH3 reacts with half of an equivalent of [Cp2ZrH2]2 under evolution of hydrogen and formation of a dihydrostannyl complex 13 [Cp2Zr(μ-H)SnH2Ar*]2 and with further equivalents of Ar*SnH3 to give bis(hydridostannylene) complex [Cp2Zr{Sn(H)Ar*}2]. Low valent cations of tin and lead were used to form hydridotetrylene coordination compounds. The mobility of the hydrogen substituent was investigated in deprotonation equilibria as well as in 1,2-H-shift reactions.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Widemann
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Germany
| | - Sebastian Jeggle
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Germany
| | - Maximilian Auer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Germany
| | - Klaus Eichele
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Germany
| | - Hartmut Schubert
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Germany
| | - Christian P Sindlinger
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, RWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1a D-52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Lars Wesemann
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Germany
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4
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Huang Z, Wang R, Sheng T, Zhong X, Wang S, Zhu X, Yuan Q, Wei Y, Zhou S. Transformation of the sp 2 Carbanion to Carbene with Subsequent 1,1-Migratory Insertion and Nucleophilic Substitution in Rare-Earth Metal Chemistry. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:18843-18853. [PMID: 34846129 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c02589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The development of Fischer-type electrophilic carbene chemistry with early transition metals has been a great challenge due to the fact that such metals in their high oxidation states lack the d electrons to stabilize the electrophilic carbene. Herein, we disclose the first experimental and theoretical findings of in situ transformation of an sp2 carbanion to a Fischer-type electrophilic carbene with rare-earth metals in their high oxidation state with a d0 electron via electron transfer. The carbene may undergo 1,1-migratory insertion into an adjacent RE-C(sp3) bond, and an unprecedented ring opening of the indole ring of the ligand occurs when the carbenes undergo nucleophilic substitution with a special organolithium reagent o-Me2NC6H4CH2Li. The key to success is the uniquely tailored novel ligand systems featuring a suitable conjugate building block (-C═C-C═N) bearing an sp2 carbanion connected to the rare-earth metal center.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeming Huang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, P. R. China
| | - Ruru Wang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, P. R. China
| | - Tian Sheng
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, P. R. China
| | - Xiangyang Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, P. R. China
| | - Shaowu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, P. R. China.,Anhui Laboratory of Clean Catalytic Engineering, Anhui Laboratory of Functional Coordinated Complexes for Materials Chemistry and Application, College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Xiancui Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, P. R. China
| | - Qingbing Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, P. R. China
| | - Yun Wei
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, P. R. China
| | - Shuangliu Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, P. R. China
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Tiwari CS, Illam PM, Donthireddy SNR, Rit A. Recent Advances in the Syntheses and Catalytic Applications of Homonuclear Ru-, Rh-, and Ir-Complexes of C NHC ^C Cyclometalated Ligands. Chemistry 2021; 27:16581-16600. [PMID: 34469015 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202102540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In the past few decades, chemistry of cyclometalated species has gained momentum with increased applications in several areas of scientific developments. Cyclometalation reactions result in the formation of stable metallacycles through the generation of metal-carbon covalent bonds by activating the unreactive Csp2 -H or Csp3 -H bonds. The extra stability gained by the formation of metallacycles enhances their applicability scopes especially in the area of homogeneous catalysis. In the recent research development in this area, NHC ligands (strong σ-donor and generally, weak π-acceptor) have been found to be one of the most suitable candidates for the intramolecular C-H activation process which leads to the cyclometalated species. The growth in the area of cyclometalation chemistry that started in the late 20th century is still continuing and in the past few decades, various examples of NHC derived transition metal-based cyclometalated complexes came into the picture. As covering all the reported literatures in this area (includes mainly late transition metals) will exceed the limits of minireview, we restricted ourselves to the recent (2015 - May 2021) examples of the most common Ru-, Rh-, and Ir-based CNHC ^C cyclometalated complexes and their applications in various homogeneous catalytic conversions such as transfer hydrogenation, amidation, oxidation of alcohols, annulations, and so forth.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - S N R Donthireddy
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036, India
| | - Arnab Rit
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036, India
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6
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Reactions of manganese silyl dihydride complexes with CO2. Polyhedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2021.115326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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7
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Tiessen N, Keßler M, Neumann B, Stammler H, Hoge B. Nachweis des Lewis‐amphoteren Charakters von Tris(pentafluorethyl)silanid, [Si(C
2
F
5
)
3
]
−. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202016455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Tiessen
- Universität Bielefeld Fakultät für Chemie Centrum für Molekulare Materialien Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Deutschland
| | - Mira Keßler
- Universität Bielefeld Fakultät für Chemie Centrum für Molekulare Materialien Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Deutschland
| | - Beate Neumann
- Universität Bielefeld Fakultät für Chemie Centrum für Molekulare Materialien Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Deutschland
| | - Hans‐Georg Stammler
- Universität Bielefeld Fakultät für Chemie Centrum für Molekulare Materialien Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Deutschland
| | - Berthold Hoge
- Universität Bielefeld Fakultät für Chemie Centrum für Molekulare Materialien Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Deutschland
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Tiessen N, Keßler M, Neumann B, Stammler H, Hoge B. Evidence of the Lewis-Amphoteric Character of Tris(pentafluoroethyl)silanide, [Si(C 2 F 5 ) 3 ] . Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:12124-12131. [PMID: 33617080 PMCID: PMC8252080 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202016455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
According to a first view on the geometrical and electronic structure of the tris(pentafluoroethyl)silanide, this anion appears as a Lewis base. Quantum chemical calculations on perfluoroalkylated silanides show significantly lower HOMO and LUMO energy levels in comparison to their non-fluorinated counterparts, which implies reduced Lewis basicity and increased Lewis acidity of the [Si(C2 F5 )3 ]- ion. With these findings and a HOMO-LUMO gap of 4.80 eV similar to N-heterocyclic silylenes (NHSis), perfluoroalkyl silanides are predestined to exhibit Lewis-amphoteric character similar to silylenes. Deprotonation of Si(C2 F5 )3 H with sterically demanding phosphazene bases afforded thermally stable phosphazenium salts of the [Si(C2 F5 )3 ]- anion, which add to benzaldehyde, benzophenone, CS2 , and CO2 in various manners. This behavior also mirrors the reactivity of silylenes towards ketones as well as heterocumulenes and is rationalized by Lewis amphotericity being inherent in these silanides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Tiessen
- Universität BielefeldFakultät für ChemieCentrum für Molekulare MaterialienUniversitätsstrasse 2533615BielefeldGermany
| | - Mira Keßler
- Universität BielefeldFakultät für ChemieCentrum für Molekulare MaterialienUniversitätsstrasse 2533615BielefeldGermany
| | - Beate Neumann
- Universität BielefeldFakultät für ChemieCentrum für Molekulare MaterialienUniversitätsstrasse 2533615BielefeldGermany
| | - Hans‐Georg Stammler
- Universität BielefeldFakultät für ChemieCentrum für Molekulare MaterialienUniversitätsstrasse 2533615BielefeldGermany
| | - Berthold Hoge
- Universität BielefeldFakultät für ChemieCentrum für Molekulare MaterialienUniversitätsstrasse 2533615BielefeldGermany
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Nandi GC. Advances in the Synthesis and Applications of Three Membered Sila, Sila‐Aza/‐Phospha/‐Oxa/‐Thia Cyclopropanes. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202001123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ganesh Chandra Nandi
- Department of Chemistry National Institute of Technology‐Tiruchirappalli 620015 Tiruchirappalli Tamilnadu India
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Price JS, Emslie DJH, Berno B. Manganese Silyl Dihydride Complexes: A Spectroscopic, Crystallographic, and Computational Study of Nonclassical Silicate and Hydrosilane Hydride Isomers. Organometallics 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.9b00179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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11
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Liu HJ, Ziegler MS, Tilley TD. Synthesis, structures, and reactivity studies of cyclometalated N-heterocyclic carbene complexes of ruthenium. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:12138-12146. [DOI: 10.1039/c8dt01925h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Dehydrochlorination of Cp*Ru(IPr)Cl leads to an unusual C–C bond activation, yielding a cyclometalated Ru complex bearing an NHC-C(sp2) ligand. Reactivity studies of cyclometalated Ru complexes were explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsueh-Ju Liu
- Department of Chemistry
- University of California
- Berkeley
- USA
| | | | - T. Don Tilley
- Department of Chemistry
- University of California
- Berkeley
- USA
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