1
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Chen F, Zheng L, Li C, Wang B, Wu Q, Dai Z, Wang S, Sun Q, Meng X, Xiao FS. Porous Supramolecular Assemblies for Efficient Suzuki Coupling of Aryl Chlorides. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2301875. [PMID: 37116082 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202301875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The development of catalytic systems that can activate aryl chlorides for palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions is at the forefront of ongoing efforts to synthesize fine chemicals. In this study, a facile ligand-template approach is adopted to achieve active-site encapsulation by forming supramolecular assemblies; this bestowed the pristine inert counterparts with reactivity, which is further increased upon the construction of a porous framework. Experimental results indicated that the isolation of ligands by the surrounding template units is key to the formation of catalytically active monoligated palladium complexes. Additionally, the construction of porous frameworks using the resulting supramolecular assemblies prevented the decomposition of the Pd complexes into nanoparticles, which drastically increased the catalyst lifetime. These findings, along with the simplicity and generality of the synthesis scheme, suggest that the strategy can be leveraged to achieve unique reactivity and potentially enable fine-chemical synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Engineering Manufacture Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Liping Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang, 310018, China
| | - Chen Li
- CenerTech Tianjin Chemical Research and Design Institute Co., Ltd., Tianjing, 300131, China
| | - Benlei Wang
- CenerTech Tianjin Chemical Research and Design Institute Co., Ltd., Tianjing, 300131, China
| | - Qing Wu
- CNOOC Institute of Chemicals & Advanced Materials, Beijing, 100028, China
| | - Zhifeng Dai
- Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang, 310018, China
| | - Sai Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Engineering Manufacture Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Qi Sun
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Engineering Manufacture Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Xiangju Meng
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Engineering Manufacture Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Feng-Shou Xiao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Engineering Manufacture Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
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2
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Dey S, Ghosh P. Accessing Heteroannular Benzoxazole and Benzimidazole Scaffolds via Carbodiimides Using Azide-Isocyanide Cross-Coupling as Catalyzed by Mesoionic Singlet Palladium Carbene Complexes Derived from a Phenothiazine Moiety. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:11039-11064. [PMID: 37008148 PMCID: PMC10061513 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c07875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The coupling of aryl and aliphatic azides with isocyanides yielding carbodiimides (8-17) were efficiently catalyzed by well-defined structurally characterized trans-(MIC)PdI2(L) [MIC = 1-CH2Ph-3-Me-4-(CH2N(C6H4)2S)-1,2,3-triazol-5-ylidene, L = NC5H5 (4), MesNC (5)], trans-(MIC)2PdI2 (6), and cis-(MIC)Pd(PPh3)I2 (7) type palladium complexes, which incidentally mark the first instances of the use of mesoionic singlet palladium carbene complexes for the said application. As observed from the product yields, the catalytic activity varied in the order 4 > 5 ∼ 6 > 7 for these complexes. A detailed mechanistic studies indicated that the catalysis proceeded via a palladium(0) (4a-7 a) species. Using a representative palladium precatalyst (4), the azide-isocyanide coupling was successfully extended to synthesizing two different bioactive heteroannular benzoxazole (18-22) and benzimidazole (23-27) derivatives, thereby broadening the scope of the catalytic application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreyata Dey
- Department
of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology
Bombay Powai, Mumbai 400 076, India
| | - Prasenjit Ghosh
- Department
of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology
Bombay Powai, Mumbai 400 076, India
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3
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Rama RJ, Maya C, Molina F, Nova A, Nicasio MC. Important Role of NH-Carbazole in Aryl Amination Reactions Catalyzed by 2-Aminobiphenyl Palladacycles. ACS Catal 2023; 13:3934-3948. [PMID: 36970467 PMCID: PMC10029719 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.3c00075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
2-Aminobiphenyl palladacycles are among the most successful precatalysts for Pd-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions, including aryl amination. However, the role of NH-carbazole, a byproduct of precatalyst activation, remains poorly understood. Herein, the mechanism of the aryl amination reactions catalyzed by a cationic 2-aminobiphenyl palladacycle supported by a terphenyl phosphine ligand, PCyp2ArXyl2 (Cyp = cyclopentyl; ArXyl2 = 2,6-bis(2,6-dimethylphenyl)phenyl), P1, has been thoroughly investigated. Combining computational and experimental studies, we found that the Pd(II) oxidative addition intermediate reacts with NH-carbazole in the presence of the base (NaO t Bu) to yield a stable aryl carbazolyl Pd(II) complex. This species functions as the catalyst resting state, providing the amount of monoligated LPd(0) species required for catalysis and minimizing Pd decomposition. In the case of a reaction with aniline, an equilibrium between the carbazolyl complex and the on-cycle anilido analogue is established, which allows for a fast reaction at room temperature. In contrast, heating is required in a reaction with alkylamines, whose deprotonation involves coordination to the Pd center. A microkinetic model was built combining computational and experimental data to validate the mechanistic proposals. In conclusion, our study shows that despite the rate reduction observed in some reactions by the formation of the aryl carbazolyl Pd(II) complex, this species reduces catalyst decomposition and could be considered an alternative precatalyst in cross-coupling reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel J. Rama
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Sevilla, Aptdo 1203, 41071 Sevilla, Spain
- Department of Chemistry, Hylleraas Centre for Quantum Molecular Sciences and Centre for Materials Science and Nanotechnology, University of Oslo, N-0315 Oslo, Norway
| | - Celia Maya
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Departamento de Química Inorgánica and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) and Universidad de Sevilla, Avenida Américo Vespucio 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Francisco Molina
- Laboratorio de Catálisis Homogénea, Unidad Asociada al CSIC, CIQSO-Centro de Investigación en Química Sostenible and Departamento de Química, Universidad de Huelva, 21071 Huelva, Spain
| | - Ainara Nova
- Department of Chemistry, Hylleraas Centre for Quantum Molecular Sciences and Centre for Materials Science and Nanotechnology, University of Oslo, N-0315 Oslo, Norway
| | - M. Carmen Nicasio
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Sevilla, Aptdo 1203, 41071 Sevilla, Spain
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4
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Roh B, Farah AO, Kim B, Feoktistova T, Moeller F, Kim KD, Cheong PHY, Lee HG. Stereospecific Acylative Suzuki–Miyaura Cross-Coupling: General Access to Optically Active α-Aryl Carbonyl Compounds. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:7075-7083. [PMID: 37016901 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c00637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
A novel strategy for the stereospecific Pd-catalyzed acylative cross-coupling of enantiomerically enriched alkylboron compounds has been developed. The protocol features an extremely high level of enantiospecificity to allow facile access to synthetically challenging and valuable chiral ketones and carboxylic acid derivatives. The use of a sterically encumbered and electron-rich phosphine ligand proved to be crucial for the success of the reaction. Furthermore, on the basis of experimental and computational studies, a unique mechanism for the transmetalation, assisted by the noncovalent interactions of the C(sp3)-based organoboron reagent, has been identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byeongdo Roh
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Abdikani Omar Farah
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, 153 Gilbert Hall, Corvallis, Oregon 97331-2145, United States
| | - Beomsu Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Taisiia Feoktistova
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, 153 Gilbert Hall, Corvallis, Oregon 97331-2145, United States
| | - Finn Moeller
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Kyeong Do Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Paul Ha-Yeon Cheong
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, 153 Gilbert Hall, Corvallis, Oregon 97331-2145, United States
| | - Hong Geun Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
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5
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Pierce JK, Hiatt LD, Howard JR, Hu H, Qu F, Shaughnessy KH. Amines as Activating Ligands for Phosphine Palladium(II) Precatalysts: Effect of Amine Ligand Identity on the Catalyst Efficiency. Organometallics 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jordan K. Pierce
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487-0336, United States
| | - Lindsey D. Hiatt
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487-0336, United States
| | - James R. Howard
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487-0336, United States
| | - Huaiyuan Hu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487-0336, United States
| | - Fengrui Qu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487-0336, United States
| | - Kevin H. Shaughnessy
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487-0336, United States
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6
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Firsan S, Sivakumar V, Colacot TJ. Emerging Trends in Cross-Coupling: Twelve-Electron-Based L 1Pd(0) Catalysts, Their Mechanism of Action, and Selected Applications. Chem Rev 2022; 122:16983-17027. [PMID: 36190916 PMCID: PMC9756297 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Monoligated palladium(0) species, L1Pd(0), have emerged as the most active catalytic species in the cross-coupling cycle. Today, there are methods available to generate the highly active but unstable L1Pd(0) catalysts from stable precatalysts. While the size of the ligand plays an important role in the formation of L1Pd(0) during in situ catalysis, the latter can be precisely generated from the precatalyst by various technologies. Computational, kinetic, and experimental studies indicate that all three steps in the catalytic cycle─oxidative addition, transmetalation, and reductive elimination─contain monoligated Pd. The synthesis of precatalysts, their mode of activation, application studies in model systems, as well as in industry are discussed. Ligand parametrization and AI based data science can potentially help predict the facile formation of L1Pd(0) species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharbil
J. Firsan
- Science
and Lab Solutions−Chemistry, MilliporeSigma, 6000 North Teutonia Avenue, Milwaukee, Wisconsin53209, United States
| | - Vilvanathan Sivakumar
- Merck
Life Science Pvt Ltd, No-12, Bommasandra-Jigani Link Road, Industrial Area, Bangalore560100, India
| | - Thomas J. Colacot
- Science
and Lab Solutions−Chemistry, MilliporeSigma, 6000 North Teutonia Avenue, Milwaukee, Wisconsin53209, United States,
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7
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Santamaría N, Velasco C, Marín M, Maya C, Nicasio MC. LPdCl 2(amine) complexes supported by terphenyl phosphanes: applications in aryl amination reactions. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:15734-15740. [PMID: 36178081 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt01354a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Despite the excellent catalytic properties display by NHC-Pd-PEPPSI complexes in cross-coupling, phosphane analogs have been barely screened. In this work, we report the synthesis and characterization of a series of LPdCl2(amine) complexes bearing dialkylterphenyl phosphanes (PR2Ar') and pyridine or morpholine ligands. The novel compounds have been tested as precatalysts in aryl amination reactions. The complex [(PCyp2ArXyl2)PdCl2(morpholine)] shows the best catalytic activity allowing the room-temperature coupling of aryl bromides and chlorides with aniline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazaret Santamaría
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Sevilla, Aptdo 1203, 41071 Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Clara Velasco
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Sevilla, Aptdo 1203, 41071 Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Mario Marín
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Sevilla, Aptdo 1203, 41071 Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Celia Maya
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Departamento de Química Inorgánica and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) and Universidad de Sevilla, Avenida Américo Vespucio 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - M Carmen Nicasio
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Sevilla, Aptdo 1203, 41071 Sevilla, Spain.
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8
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Chen X, Wei Z, Huang KH, Uehling M, Wleklinski M, Krska S, Makarov AA, Nowak T, Cooks RG. Pd Reaction Intermediates in Suzuki-Miyaura Cross-Coupling Characterized by Mass Spectrometry. Chempluschem 2022; 87:e202100545. [PMID: 35112808 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202100545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Palladium-catalyzed Suzuki-Miyaura (SM) coupling is widely utilized in the construction of carbon-carbon bonds. In this study, nanoelectrospray ionization mass spectrometry (nanoESI-MS) is applied to simultaneously monitor precatalysts, catalytic intermediates, reagents, and products of the SM cross-coupling reaction of 3-Br-5-Ph-pyridine and phenylboronic acid. A set of Pd cluster ions related to the monoligated Pd (0) active catalyst is detected, and its deconvoluted isotopic distribution reveals contributions from two neutral molecules. One is assigned to the generally accepted Pd(0) active catalyst, seen in MS as the protonated molecule, while the other is tentatively assigned to an oxidized catalyst which was found to increase as the reaction proceeds. Oxidative stress testing of a synthetic model catalyst 1,5-cyclooctadiene Pd XPhos (COD-Pd-XPhos) performed using FeCl3 supported this assignment. The formation and conversion of the oxidative addition intermediate during the catalytic cycle was monitored to provide information on the progress of the transmetalation step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingshuo Chen
- Chemistry Department, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Zhenwei Wei
- Chemistry Department, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Kai-Hung Huang
- Chemistry Department, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - R Graham Cooks
- Chemistry Department, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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9
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Sun J, Yin Y, Li W, Jin O, Na N. CHEMICAL REACTION MONITORING BY AMBIENT MASS SPECTROMETRY. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2022; 41:70-99. [PMID: 33259644 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Chemical reactions conducted in different media (liquid phase, gas phase, or surface) drive developments of versatile techniques for the detection of intermediates and prediction of reasonable reaction pathways. Without sample pretreatment, ambient mass spectrometry (AMS) has been applied to obtain structural information of reactive molecules that differ in polarity and molecular weight. Commercial ion sources (e.g., electrospray ionization, atmospheric pressure chemical ionization, and direct analysis in real-time) have been reported to monitor substrates and products by offline reaction examination. While the interception or characterization of reactive intermediates with short lifetime are still limited by the offline modes. Notably, online ionization technologies, with high tolerance to salt, buffer, and pH, can achieve direct sampling and ionization of on-going reactions conducted in different media (e.g., liquid phase, gas phase, or surface). Therefore, short-lived intermediates could be captured at unprecedented timescales, and the reaction dynamics could be studied for mechanism examinations without sample pretreatments. In this review, via various AMS methods, chemical reaction monitoring and mechanism elucidation for different classifications of reactions have been reviewed. The developments and advances of common ionization methods for offline reaction monitoring will also be highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianghui Sun
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiyan Yin
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Weixiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ouyang Jin
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Na
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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10
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Masuda R, Kuwano S, Goto K. Late-Stage Functionalization of the Periphery of Oligophenylene Dendrimers with Various Arene Units via Fourfold C-H Borylation. J Org Chem 2021; 86:14433-14443. [PMID: 34469170 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Late-stage functionalization of the periphery of oligophenylene dendrimers was efficiently achieved via site-selective C-H activation of a preconstructed, readily accessible dendron. By fourfold iridium-catalyzed C-H borylation followed by Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling, various arene units were introduced into the end points of the 1,3,5-phenylene-based hydrocarbon dendron. Coupling of the modified dendrons with a core unit, such as 2,6-dibromobenzoic acid derivatives, afforded the periphery-functionalized dendrimers that also have an endohedral functionality at the core position.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Masuda
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - Satoru Kuwano
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - Kei Goto
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
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11
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Machida S, Kida M, Muramatsu S, Hirao T, Haino T, Inokuchi Y. Gas-Phase UV Spectroscopy of Chemical Intermediates Produced in Solution: Oxidation Reactions of Phenylhydrazines by DDQ. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:6697-6702. [PMID: 34338532 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c04669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we demonstrated cold gas-phase spectroscopy of chemical intermediates produced in solution. Herein, we combined an electrospray ion source with a T-shaped solution mixer for introducing chemical intermediates in solution into the gas phase. Specifically, the oxidation reaction of 2-(4-nitrophenyl)hydrazinecarboxaldehyde (NHCA) by 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-p-benzoquinone (DDQ) was initiated by mixing the methanol solutions of NHCA and DDQ in the T-shaped mixer, and the chemical species were injected into the vacuum apparatus for ultraviolet photodissociation (UVPD) spectroscopy. A cationic intermediate was strongly observed at m/z 150 in the mass spectrum, and the UVPD spectrum was observed under cold (∼10 K) gas-phase conditions. The UVPD spectrum showed a strong, broad absorption at ∼38,000 cm-1, accompanied by a relatively weak component at ∼34,000 cm-1. These spectral patterns can be ascribed to a diazonium cation intermediate, whose existence has been predicted in a previous study. This report indicates that cold gas-phase UV spectroscopy can be a useful method for identifying the structure of chemical intermediates produced in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiori Machida
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Motoki Kida
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Satoru Muramatsu
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Takehiro Hirao
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Takeharu Haino
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Yoshiya Inokuchi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
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12
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Kitamura Y, Muramatsu S, Abe M, Inokuchi Y. Structural Investigation of Photochemical Intermediates in Solution by Cold UV Spectroscopy in the Gas Phase: Photosubstitution of Dicyanobenzenes by Allylsilanes. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:6238-6245. [PMID: 34240866 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c04807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Electrospray ion sources with an in-line quartz cell were constructed to produce photochemical intermediates in solution. These ion sources can detect photochemical intermediates having lifetimes longer than a few seconds. Intermediates formed by photosubstitution of 1,4-dicyanobenzene (DCB) by allyltrimethylsilane (AMS) in acetonitrile using a Xe lamp were injected into the mass spectrometer. The cationic intermediate (C11H10N2·H+) was observed at m/z = 171, but no anionic intermediate was found, although C11H9N2- was expected based on prior studies. Theoretical studies suggested that C11H9N2- was simultaneously converted to neutral C11H10N2 and cationic C11H10N2·H+ species, which can be stable intermediates in the photosubstitution reaction. The UV photodissociation (UVPD) spectrum of C11H10N2·H+ under cold (∼10 K) gas-phase conditions determined the conformation of the C11H10N2 unit of the C11H10N2·H+ cation. This report demonstrates that cold gas-phase UV spectroscopy is a prospectively powerful tool for investigation of the electronic and geometric structures of photochemical intermediates produced in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuma Kitamura
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Satoru Muramatsu
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Manabu Abe
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Yoshiya Inokuchi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
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13
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Monti A, Rama RJ, Gómez B, Maya C, Álvarez E, Carmona E, Nicasio MC. N-substituted aminobiphenyl palladacycles stabilized by dialkylterphenyl phosphanes: Preparation and applications in C N cross-coupling reactions. Inorganica Chim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2020.120214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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14
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Basuri P, Das S, Jenifer SK, Jana SK, Pradeep T. Microdroplet Impact-Induced Spray Ionization Mass Spectrometry (MISI MS) for Online Reaction Monitoring and Bacteria Discrimination. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2021; 32:355-363. [PMID: 33200609 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.0c00365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Microdroplet impact-induced spray ionization (MISI) is demonstrated involving the impact of microdroplets produced from a paper and their impact on another, leading to the ionization of analytes deposited on the latter. This cascaded process is more advantageous in comparison to standard spray ionization as it performs reactions and ionization simultaneously in the absence of high voltage directly applied on the sample. In MISI, we apply direct current (DC) potential only to the terminal paper, used as the primary ion source. Charge transfer due to microdroplet/ion deposition on the flowing analyte solution on the second surface generates secondary charged microdroplets from it carrying the analytes, which ionize and get detected by a mass spectrometer. In this way, up to three cascaded spray sources could be assembled in series. We show the detection of small molecules and proteins in such ionization events. MISI provides a method to understand chemical reactions by droplet impact. The C-C bond formation reactions catalyzed by palladium and alkali metal ion encapsulation using crown ether were studied as our model reactions. To demonstrate the application of our ion source in a bioanalytical context, we studied the noninvasive in situ discrimination of bacteria samples under ambient conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallab Basuri
- DST Unit of Nanoscience (DST UNS) and Thematic Unit of Excellence (TUE), Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Subhashree Das
- DST Unit of Nanoscience (DST UNS) and Thematic Unit of Excellence (TUE), Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Shantha Kumar Jenifer
- DST Unit of Nanoscience (DST UNS) and Thematic Unit of Excellence (TUE), Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Sourav Kanti Jana
- DST Unit of Nanoscience (DST UNS) and Thematic Unit of Excellence (TUE), Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Thalappil Pradeep
- DST Unit of Nanoscience (DST UNS) and Thematic Unit of Excellence (TUE), Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
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15
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Kim ST, Baik MH. Reductive activation of Pd II-precatalysts via decarboxylation of pivalate in direct C-H arylation reactions. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:13868-13871. [PMID: 33090141 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc06085b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The mechanism of the reductive activation of PdII pre-catalysts has been extensively studied, but remains poorly understood. Herein, a combined computational and experimental approach is employed to clearly identify a PdII reduction process that has not been considered thus far. Pivalate, assumed to be a general base, was found to decarboxylate and act as a reductant, suggesting an alternative explanation for the superior performance of pivalic acid as an additive in Pd-catalyzed direct C-H arylation reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seoung-Tae Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
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16
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Hu H, Burlas CE, Curley SJ, Gruchala T, Qu F, Shaughnessy KH. Effect of Aryl Ligand Identity on Catalytic Performance of Trineopentylphosphine Arylpalladium Complexes in N-Arylation Reactions. Organometallics 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huaiyuan Hu
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, United States
| | - Corrie E. Burlas
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, United States
| | - Sabrina J. Curley
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, United States
| | - Tomasz Gruchala
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, United States
| | - Fengrui Qu
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, United States
| | - Kevin H. Shaughnessy
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, United States
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17
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Ai W, Yang Q, Gao Y, Liu X, Liu H, Bai Y. In Situ Laser Scattering Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry and Its Application in the Mechanism Study of Photoinduced Direct C-H Arylation of Heteroarenes. Anal Chem 2020; 92:11967-11972. [PMID: 32786502 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c02384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An in situ laser scattering electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (LS-ESI-MS) was developed, where the laser scattering was simply achieved through the laser radiation of the "media" modified on the capillary. The laser scattering extended the reaction window and powerfully promoted the reaction yield of the photoinduced organic reaction, which enables the trace intermediates to be efficiently tracked in real time. For instance, the key radical cation in the photoinduced direct C-H arylation of heteroarenes was captured inventively, which provided direct experimental evidence for the verification of the reaction mechanism. Together with the characterization of oxidative photocatalytic Ru(III) intermediate, the integral insight into the process of visible-light-mediated direct C-H arylation of heteroarenes was confirmed. This approach is facile, powerful, and promising in the mechanism study of organic reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanpeng Ai
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Qirong Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Yunpeng Gao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyun Liu
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Huwei Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Yu Bai
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
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18
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Li B, Zeng HC. Minimalization of Metallic Pd Formation in Suzuki Reaction with a Solid-State Organometallic Catalyst. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:33827-33837. [PMID: 32627521 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c09739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Suzuki reaction usually uses palladium (Pd) complexes to accommodate a wide range of substrates. In pursuing greener synthesis, immobilization of Pd complexes with various support materials has shown promising potential. Although this approach can give stable conversion, initially immobilized Pd ions are largely reduced to Pd0 aggregates and turned essentially into supported nanoparticles after use, which departs from its original intention of complex immobilization and thus hampers its activity. Herein, we immobilize noble metal ions into a spherical thiolated organosilica. This new type of catalysts can catalyze Suzuki reaction homogeneously via leaching out Pd ions and shuttling them back after the reaction. The excellent reusability attained can be attributed to minimalization of forming metallic palladium. Thus, the developed catalysts can be viewed as a two-way device to release and to restore metal ions for homogeneous catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Li
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, 10 Kent Ridge Crescent, 119260, Singapore
| | - Hua Chun Zeng
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, 10 Kent Ridge Crescent, 119260, Singapore
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19
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Chen F, Wang S, Sun Q, Xiao F. Turning on Catalysis: Construction of Triphenylphosphine Moieties into Porous Frameworks. ChemCatChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202000467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fang Chen
- Key Lab of Applied Chemistry of Zhejiang ProvinceZhejiang University Tianmushan Road #138 Hangzhou 310007 P. R. China
| | - Sai Wang
- Key Lab of Applied Chemistry of Zhejiang ProvinceZhejiang University Tianmushan Road #138 Hangzhou 310007 P. R. China
| | - Qi Sun
- College of Chemical and Biological EngineeringZhejiang University Zheda Road #38 Hangzhou 310027 P. R. China
| | - Feng‐Shou Xiao
- Key Lab of Applied Chemistry of Zhejiang ProvinceZhejiang University Tianmushan Road #138 Hangzhou 310007 P. R. China
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20
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Hu H, Gilliam AM, Qu F, Shaughnessy KH. Enolizable Ketones as Activators of Palladium(II) Precatalysts in Amine Arylation Reactions. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c00221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huaiyuan Hu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Alabama, Box 870336, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487-0336, United States
| | - Ashley M. Gilliam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Alabama, Box 870336, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487-0336, United States
| | - Fengrui Qu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Alabama, Box 870336, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487-0336, United States
| | - Kevin H. Shaughnessy
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Alabama, Box 870336, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487-0336, United States
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21
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Ai W, Gao Y, Xue J, Liu X, Liu H, Wang J, Bai Y. Tracing and elucidating visible-light mediated oxidation and C-H functionalization of amines using mass spectrometry. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:2163-2166. [PMID: 31970374 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc09629a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The co-existing mechanism of visible light mediated direct oxidation and C-H functionalization of amines was investigated by capturing all the intermediates using online mass spectrometry. The two-step dehydrogenation of amine involving a proton coupled electron transfer (PCET) process was revealed for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanpeng Ai
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China.
| | - Yunpeng Gao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China.
| | - Jinjuan Xue
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China.
| | - Xiaoyun Liu
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Huwei Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China.
| | - Jianbo Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China.
| | - Yu Bai
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China.
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22
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Eremin DB, Denisova EA, Yu Kostyukovich A, Martens J, Berden G, Oomens J, Khrustalev VN, Chernyshev VM, Ananikov VP. Ionic Pd/NHC Catalytic System Enables Recoverable Homogeneous Catalysis: Mechanistic Study and Application in the Mizoroki-Heck Reaction. Chemistry 2019; 25:16564-16572. [PMID: 31461192 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201903221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
N-Heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands are ubiquitously utilized in catalysis. A common catalyst design model assumes strong M-NHC binding in this metal-ligand framework. In contrast to this common assumption, we demonstrate here that lability and controlled cleavage of the M-NHC bond (rather than its stabilization) could be more important for high-performance catalysis at low catalyst concentrations. The present study reveals a dynamic stabilization mechanism with labile metal-NHC binding and [PdX3 ]- [NHC-R]+ ion pair formation. Access to reactive anionic palladium intermediates formed by dissociation of the NHC ligands and plausible stabilization of the molecular catalyst in solution by interaction with the [NHC-R]+ azolium ion is of particular importance for an efficient and recyclable catalyst. These ionic Pd/NHC complexes allowed for the first time the recycling of the complex in a well-defined form with isolation at each cycle. Computational investigation of the reaction mechanism confirms a facile formation of NHC-free anionic Pd in polar media through either Ph-NHC coupling or reversible H-NHC coupling. The present study formulates novel ideas for M/NHC catalyst design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry B Eremin
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Pr. 47, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Ekaterina A Denisova
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Pr. 47, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Alexander Yu Kostyukovich
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Pr. 47, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Jonathan Martens
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, FELIX Laboratory, Radboud University, Toernooiveld 7c, 6525 ED, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Giel Berden
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, FELIX Laboratory, Radboud University, Toernooiveld 7c, 6525 ED, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jos Oomens
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, FELIX Laboratory, Radboud University, Toernooiveld 7c, 6525 ED, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Victor N Khrustalev
- National Research Center «Kurchatov Institute», Acad. Kurchatov Sq. 1, Moscow, 123182, Russia.,Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Miklukho-Maklay St. 6, Moscow, 117198, Russia
| | - Victor M Chernyshev
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Pr. 47, Moscow, 119991, Russia.,Platov South-Russian State Polytechnic University (NPI), Prosveschenya 132, Novocherkassk, 346428, Russia
| | - Valentine P Ananikov
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Pr. 47, Moscow, 119991, Russia
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23
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Shaughnessy KH. Development of Palladium Precatalysts that Efficiently Generate LPd(0) Active Species. Isr J Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201900067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin H. Shaughnessy
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry The University of Alabama Tuscaloosa AL 35487-0336 USA
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24
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Yan L, Han L, Xie R. Synthesis and catalytic performance of 2-ferrocenylpyridine palladacycle complexes. J COORD CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2019.1662898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ligang Yan
- Chemical Engineering College, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot, China
| | - Limin Han
- Chemical Engineering College, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot, China
| | - Ruijun Xie
- Chemical Engineering College, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot, China
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25
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Eseola AO, Görls H, Plass W. Importance of monodentate mono-ligand designs in developing N-stabilized Pd catalysts for efficient ambient temperature C C coupling: Donor strengths and steric features. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2019.110398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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26
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Zou L, Bennett R, Haidar Ahmad IA, Jocher BM, Zhang L, Bu X, Mangion I, Regalado EL. Generic Ion Chromatography–Conductivity Detection Method for Analysis of Palladium Scavengers in New Drug Substances. Org Process Res Dev 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.9b00101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lanfang Zou
- Process Research and Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Raffeal Bennett
- Process Research and Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Imad A. Haidar Ahmad
- Process Research and Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Brandon M. Jocher
- Process Research and Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Li Zhang
- Process Research and Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Xiaodong Bu
- Process Research and Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Ian Mangion
- Process Research and Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Erik L. Regalado
- Process Research and Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
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27
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Carrasco S, Martín‐Matute B. Hydrazine‐Free Facile Synthesis of Palladium‐Tetrakis(Triphenylphosphine). Eur J Inorg Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201900060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Carrasco
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory Stockholm University 10691 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Belén Martín‐Matute
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory Stockholm University 10691 Stockholm Sweden
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28
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Welch CJ. High throughput analysis enables high throughput experimentation in pharmaceutical process research. REACT CHEM ENG 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9re00234k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
High throughput experimentation has become widely used in the discovery and development of new medicines.
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29
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Slack ED, Tancini PD, Colacot TJ. Process Economics and Atom Economy for Industrial Cross Coupling Applications via LnPd(0)-Based Catalysts. TOP ORGANOMETAL CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/3418_2019_28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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30
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Cooks RG, Yan X. Mass Spectrometry for Synthesis and Analysis. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2018; 11:1-28. [PMID: 29894228 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-061417-125820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry is the science and technology of ions. As such, it is concerned with generating ions, measuring their properties, following their reactions, isolating them, and using them to build and transform materials. Instrumentation is an essential element of these activities, and analytical applications are one driving force. Work from the Aston Laboratories at Purdue University's Department of Chemistry is described here, with an emphasis on accelerated reactions of ions in solution and small-scale synthesis; ion/surface collision processes, including surface-induced dissociation (SID) and ion soft landing; and applications to tissue imaging. Our special interest in chirality and the chemistry behind the origins of life is also featured together with the exciting area of tissue diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Graham Cooks
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47906, USA;
| | - Xin Yan
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47906, USA;
- Current affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
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31
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Sathyamoorthi S, Lai YH, Bain RM, Zare RN. Mechanistic Analysis of the C–H Amination Reaction of Menthol by CuBr2 and Selectfluor. J Org Chem 2018; 83:5681-5687. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b00690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shyam Sathyamoorthi
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Yin-Hung Lai
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Ryan M. Bain
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Richard N. Zare
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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32
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Barnett KL, Howard JR, Treager CJ, Shipley AT, Stullich RM, Qu F, Gerlach DL, Shaughnessy KH. Air-Stable [(R3P)PdCl2]2 Complexes of Neopentylphosphines as Cross-Coupling Precatalysts: Catalytic Application and Mechanism of Catalyst Activation and Deactivation. Organometallics 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.8b00082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kerry L. Barnett
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Alabama, Box 870336, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487-0336, United States
| | - James R. Howard
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Alabama, Box 870336, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487-0336, United States
| | - Colin J. Treager
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Alabama, Box 870336, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487-0336, United States
| | - Adam T. Shipley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Alabama, Box 870336, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487-0336, United States
| | - Renee M. Stullich
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Alabama, Box 870336, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487-0336, United States
| | - Fengrui Qu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Alabama, Box 870336, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487-0336, United States
| | - Deidra L. Gerlach
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Alabama, Box 870336, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487-0336, United States
| | - Kevin H. Shaughnessy
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Alabama, Box 870336, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487-0336, United States
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33
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Lu M, Su Y, Zhao P, Ye X, Cai Y, Shi X, Masson E, Li F, Campbell JL, Chen H. Direct Evidence for the Origin of Bis-Gold Intermediates: Probing Gold Catalysis with Mass Spectrometry. Chemistry 2018; 24:2144-2150. [PMID: 29131927 PMCID: PMC6139295 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201703666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Gold-catalyzed alkyne hydration was studied by using in situ reacting mass spectrometry (MS) technology. By monitoring the reaction process in solution under different conditions (regular and very diluted catalyst concentrations, different pH values) and examining the reaction occurrence in the early reaction stage (1-2 ms after mixing) with MS, we collected a series of experimental evidence to support that the bis-gold complex is a potential key reaction intermediate. Furthermore, both experimental and computational studies confirmed that the σ,π-bis-gold complexes are not active intermediates toward nucleophilic addition. Instead, formation of geminally diaurated complex C is crucial for this catalytic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Lu
- Center for Intelligent Chemical Instrumentation, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry & Edison Institute of Biology, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
| | - Yijin Su
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33620, USA
| | - Pengyi Zhao
- Center for Intelligent Chemical Instrumentation, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry & Edison Institute of Biology, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
| | - Xiaohan Ye
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33620, USA
| | - Yi Cai
- Center for Intelligent Chemical Instrumentation, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry & Edison Institute of Biology, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
| | - Xiaodong Shi
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33620, USA
| | - Eric Masson
- Center for Intelligent Chemical Instrumentation, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry & Edison Institute of Biology, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
| | - Fengyao Li
- Center for Intelligent Chemical Instrumentation, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry & Edison Institute of Biology, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
| | - J Larry Campbell
- AB Sciex, 71 Four Valley Drive, Concord, Ontario, L4K 4V8, Canada
| | - Hao Chen
- Center for Intelligent Chemical Instrumentation, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry & Edison Institute of Biology, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
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34
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Wang Y, Sun M, Qiao J, Ouyang J, Na N. FAD roles in glucose catalytic oxidation studied by multiphase flow of extractive electrospray ionization (MF-EESI) mass spectrometry. Chem Sci 2017; 9:594-599. [PMID: 29629123 PMCID: PMC5869319 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc04259k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of the coenzyme flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) in the catalytic oxidation of glucose was elucidated by MS using a new extraction and ionization method.
The role of the coenzyme flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) in the catalytic oxidation of glucose was elucidated by MS using a new extraction and ionization method. By a multiphase flow of liquid–gas, extractive electrospray ionization was achieved, and this technique (MF-EESI) decreased the salt-matrix interference effectively, avoided salt crystallizations at the capillary tip and increased ionization efficiency by a concentric-sprayed solvent. Notably, two intermediate complexes of FAD–glucose have been observed and differentiated for the first time using this MF-EESI technique. These intermediate complexes were demonstrated to be responsible for the hydride abstraction from glucose, as well as the cyclic coenzyme conversion of FAD during glucose oxidation. Online monitoring was also employed in MF-EESI, thereby providing a potential and informative tool to scrutinize enzymatic catalytic reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry , College of Chemistry , Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875 , China .
| | - Min Sun
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry , College of Chemistry , Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875 , China .
| | - Jinping Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry , College of Chemistry , Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875 , China .
| | - Jin Ouyang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry , College of Chemistry , Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875 , China .
| | - Na Na
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry , College of Chemistry , Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875 , China .
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Banerjee S, Sathyamoorthi S, Du Bois J, Zare RN. Mechanistic analysis of a copper-catalyzed C-H oxidative cyclization of carboxylic acids. Chem Sci 2017; 8:7003-7008. [PMID: 29147527 PMCID: PMC5642147 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc02240a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We recently reported that carboxylic acids can be oxidized to lactone products by potassium persulfate and catalytic copper acetate. Here, we unravel the mechanism for this C-H functionalization reaction using desorption electrospray ionization, online electrospray ionization, and tandem mass spectrometry. Our findings suggest that electron transfer from a transient benzylic radical intermediate reduces Cu(ii) to Cu(i), which is then re-oxidized to Cu(ii) in the catalytic cycle. The resulting benzylic carbocation is trapped by the pendant carboxylate group to give the lactone product. Formation of the putative benzylic carbocation is supported by Hammett analysis. The proposed mechanism for this copper-catalyzed oxidative cyclization process differs from earlier reports of analogous reactions, which posit a substrate carboxylate radical as the reactive oxidant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shibdas Banerjee
- Stanford University , Department of Chemistry , 333 Campus Drive , Stanford , CA 94305-4401 , USA .
| | - Shyam Sathyamoorthi
- Stanford University , Department of Chemistry , 333 Campus Drive , Stanford , CA 94305-4401 , USA .
| | - J Du Bois
- Stanford University , Department of Chemistry , 333 Campus Drive , Stanford , CA 94305-4401 , USA .
| | - Richard N Zare
- Stanford University , Department of Chemistry , 333 Campus Drive , Stanford , CA 94305-4401 , USA .
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Eremin DB, Ananikov VP. Understanding active species in catalytic transformations: From molecular catalysis to nanoparticles, leaching, “Cocktails” of catalysts and dynamic systems. Coord Chem Rev 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2016.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 243] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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37
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Cai Y, Wang J, Zhang Y, Li Z, Hu D, Zheng N, Chen H. Detection of Fleeting Amine Radical Cations and Elucidation of Chain Processes in Visible-Light-Mediated [3 + 2] Annulation by Online Mass Spectrometric Techniques. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:12259-12266. [PMID: 28786686 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b06319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Visible-light-mediated photoredox reactions have recently emerged as a powerful means for organic synthesis and thus have generated significant interest from the organic chemistry community. Although the mechanisms of these reactions have been probed by a number of techniques such as NMR, fluorescence quenching, and laser flash photolysis and various degrees of success has been achieved, mechanistic ambiguity still exists (for instance, the involvement of the chain mechanism is still under debate) because of the lack of structural information about the proposed and short-lived intermediates. Herein, we present the detection of transient amine radical cations involved in the intermolecular [3 + 2] annulation reaction of N-cyclopropylaniline (CPA, 1) and styrene 2 by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) in combination with online laser irradiation of the reaction mixture. In particular, the reactive CPA radical cation 1+•, the reduced photocatalyst Ru(I)(bpz)3+, and the [3 + 2] annulation product radical cation 3+• are all successfully detected and confirmed by high-resolution MS. More importantly, the post-irradiation reaction with an additional substrate, isotope-labeled CPA, following photolysis of 1, 2, and Ru catalyst provides strong evidence to support the chain mechanism in the [3 + 2] annulation reaction. Furthermore, the key step of the proposed chain reaction, the oxidation of CPA 1 to amine radical cation 1+• by product radical cation 3+• (generated using online electrochemical oxidation of 3), is successfully established. Additionally, the coupling of ESI-MS with online laser irradiation has been successfully applied to probe the photostability of photocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Cai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Center of Intelligent Chemical Instrumentation, Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University , Athens, Ohio 45701, United States
| | - Jiang Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas , Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States
| | - Yuexiang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Center of Intelligent Chemical Instrumentation, Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University , Athens, Ohio 45701, United States
| | - Zhi Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Center of Intelligent Chemical Instrumentation, Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University , Athens, Ohio 45701, United States
| | - David Hu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Center of Intelligent Chemical Instrumentation, Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University , Athens, Ohio 45701, United States
| | - Nan Zheng
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas , Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Center of Intelligent Chemical Instrumentation, Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University , Athens, Ohio 45701, United States
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38
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39
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Johansson Seechurn CCC, Sperger T, Scrase TG, Schoenebeck F, Colacot TJ. Understanding the Unusual Reduction Mechanism of Pd(II) to Pd(I): Uncovering Hidden Species and Implications in Catalytic Cross-Coupling Reactions. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:5194-5200. [PMID: 28300400 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b01110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The reduction of Pd(II) intermediates to Pd(0) is a key elementary step in a vast number of Pd-catalyzed processes, ranging from cross-coupling, C-H activation, to Wacker chemistry. For one of the most powerful new generation phosphine ligands, PtBu3, oxidation state Pd(I), and not Pd(0), is generated upon reduction from Pd(II). The mechanism of the reduction of Pd(II) to Pd(I) has been investigated by means of experimental and computational studies for the formation of the highly active precatalyst {Pd(μ-Br)(PtBu3)}2. The formation of dinuclear Pd(I), as opposed to the Pd(0) complex, (tBu3P)2Pd was shown to depend on the stoichiometry of Pd to phosphine ligand, the order of addition of the reagents, and, most importantly, the nature of the palladium precursor and the choice of the phosphine ligand utilized. In addition, through experiments on gram scale in palladium, mechanistically important additional Pd- and phosphine-containing species were detected. An ionic Pd(II)Br3 dimer side product was isolated, characterized, and identified as the crucial driving force in the mechanism of formation of the Pd(I) bromide dimer. The potential impact of the presence of these side species for in situ formed Pd complexes in catalysis was investigated in Buchwald-Hartwig, α-arylation, and Suzuki-Miyaura reactions. The use of preformed and isolated Pd(I) bromide dimer as a precatalyst provided superior results, in terms of catalytic activity, in comparison to catalysts generated in situ.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Theresa Sperger
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen , Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas G Scrase
- Johnson Matthey , Orchard Road, Royston SG8 5HE, United Kingdom
| | | | - Thomas J Colacot
- Johnson Matthey , 2001 Nolte Drive, West Deptford, New Jersey 08066, United States
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40
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Welch CJ, Faul MM, Tummala S, Papageorgiou CD, Hicks F, Hawkins JM, Thomson N, Cote A, Bordawekar S, Wittenberger SJ, Laffan D, Purdie M, Boulas P, Irdam E, Horspool K, Yang BS, Tom J, Fernandez P, Ferretti A, May S, Seibert K, Wells K, McKeown R. The Enabling Technologies Consortium (ETC): Fostering Precompetitive Collaborations on New Enabling Technologies for Pharmaceutical Research and Development. Org Process Res Dev 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.6b00427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J. Welch
- Merck & Co., Inc., Process Research & Development, RY 801 A200, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Margaret M. Faul
- Amgen Inc., Process Development, Thousand
Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Srinivas Tummala
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Chemical and Synthetic Development, 1 Squibb Dr, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Charles D. Papageorgiou
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co., Process Chemistry, 40 Landsdowne St., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Frederick Hicks
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co., Process Chemistry, 40 Landsdowne St., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Joel M. Hawkins
- Pfizer Worldwide R&D, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Nicholas Thomson
- Pfizer Worldwide R&D, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Aaron Cote
- Merck & Co., Inc., Process Research & Development, RY 801 A200, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Shailendra Bordawekar
- Abbvie, Process Research & Development, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | | | - David Laffan
- AstraZeneca, Chemical Development, Silk Road Business Park, Macclesfield SK10 2NA, U.K
| | - Mark Purdie
- AstraZeneca, Chemical Development, Silk Road Business Park, Macclesfield SK10 2NA, U.K
| | - Pierre Boulas
- Biogen, Chemical Process Research and Development, 225 Binney Street Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Erwin Irdam
- Biogen, Chemical Process Research and Development, 225 Binney Street Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Keith Horspool
- Boehringer Ingelheim, 900 Ridgebury
Road, Ridgefield, Connecticut 06488, United States
| | - Bing-Shiou Yang
- Boehringer Ingelheim, 900 Ridgebury
Road, Ridgefield, Connecticut 06488, United States
| | - Jean Tom
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Chemical and Synthetic Development, 1 Squibb Dr, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Paul Fernandez
- Celgene Corp., Drug Substance Development, 556 Morris Ave, Summit, New Jersey 07901, United States
| | - Antonio Ferretti
- Celgene Corp., Drug Substance Development, 556 Morris Ave, Summit, New Jersey 07901, United States
| | - Scott May
- Small Molecule Design and Development, Eli Lilly and Co., Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - Kevin Seibert
- Small Molecule Design and Development, Eli Lilly and Co., Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - Kenneth Wells
- GlaxoSmithKline, Pharmaceutical Research & Development, 709 Swedeland Road, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406, United States
| | - Rahn McKeown
- GlaxoSmithKline, Pharmaceutical Research & Development, 709 Swedeland Road, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406, United States
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41
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Cheng S, Wu Q, Xiao H, Chen H. Online Monitoring of Enzymatic Reactions Using Time-Resolved Desorption Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2017; 89:2338-2344. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b03975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Si Cheng
- Center
for Intelligent Chemical Instrumentation, Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry, Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, United States,
| | - Qiuhua Wu
- Center
for Intelligent Chemical Instrumentation, Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry, Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, United States,
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding 071001, China
| | - He Xiao
- Center
for Intelligent Chemical Instrumentation, Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry, Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, United States,
| | - Hao Chen
- Center
for Intelligent Chemical Instrumentation, Department of Chemistry
and Biochemistry, Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, United States,
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42
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Brown FK, Sherer EC, Johnson SA, Holloway MK, Sherborne BS. The evolution of drug design at Merck Research Laboratories. J Comput Aided Mol Des 2016; 31:255-266. [PMID: 27878643 DOI: 10.1007/s10822-016-9993-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
On October 5, 1981, Fortune magazine published a cover article entitled the "Next Industrial Revolution: Designing Drugs by Computer at Merck". With a 40+ year investment, we have been in the drug design business longer than most. During its history, the Merck drug design group has had several names, but it has always been in the "design" business, with the ultimate goal to provide an actionable hypothesis that could be tested experimentally. Often the result was a small molecule but it could just as easily be a peptide, biologic, predictive model, reaction, process, etc. To this end, the concept of design is now front and center in all aspects of discovery, safety assessment and early clinical development. At present, the Merck design group includes computational chemistry, protein structure determination, and cheminformatics. By bringing these groups together under one umbrella, we were able to align activities and capabilities across multiple research sites and departments. This alignment from 2010 to 2016 resulted in an 80% expansion in the size of the department, reflecting the increase in impact due to a significant emphasis across the organization to "design first" along the entire drug discovery path from lead identification (LID) to first in human (FIH) dosing. One of the major advantages of this alignment has been the ability to access all of the data and create an adaptive approach to the overall LID to FIH pathway for any modality, significantly increasing the quality of candidates and their probability of success. In this perspective, we will discuss how we crafted a new strategy, defined the appropriate phenotype for group members, developed the right skillsets, and identified metrics for success in order to drive continuous improvement. We will not focus on the tactical implementation, only giving specific examples as appropriate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank K Brown
- Structural Chemistry Department, MRL Research Laboratories, West Point, PA, USA.
| | - Edward C Sherer
- Structural Chemistry Department, MRL Research Laboratories, Rahway, NJ, USA
| | - Scott A Johnson
- Structural Chemistry Department, MRL Research Laboratories, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Bradley S Sherborne
- Structural Chemistry Department, MRL Research Laboratories, Kenilworth, NJ, USA
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43
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Zheng Q, Chen H. Development and Applications of Liquid Sample Desorption Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2016; 9:411-448. [PMID: 27145689 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-071015-041620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (DESI-MS) is a recent advance in the field of analytical chemistry. This review surveys the development of liquid sample DESI-MS (LS-DESI-MS), a variant form of DESI-MS that focuses on fast analysis of liquid samples, and its novel analy-tical applications in bioanalysis, proteomics, and reaction kinetics. Due to the capability of directly ionizing liquid samples, liquid sample DESI (LS-DESI) has been successfully used to couple MS with various analytical techniques, such as microfluidics, microextraction, electrochemistry, and chromatography. This review also covers these hyphenated techniques. In addition, several closely related ionization methods, including transmission mode DESI, thermally assisted DESI, and continuous flow-extractive DESI, are briefly discussed. The capabilities of LS-DESI extend and/or complement the utilities of traditional DESI and electrospray ionization and will find extensive and valuable analytical application in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuling Zheng
- Center for Intelligent Chemical Instrumentation, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701;
| | - Hao Chen
- Center for Intelligent Chemical Instrumentation, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701;
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44
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Vicent
- Serveis
Centrals d’Instrumentació Cientı́fica, Universitat Jaume I, 12071 Castellón, Spain
| | - Dmitry G. Gusev
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3C5, Canada
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45
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Yan X, Bain RM, Li Y, Qiu R, Flick TG, Cooks RG. Online Inductive Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry as a Process Analytical Technology Tool To Monitor the Synthetic Route to Anagliptin. Org Process Res Dev 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.6b00039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yan
- Department
of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Ryan M. Bain
- Department
of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Yafeng Li
- Department
of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Ran Qiu
- Department
of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Tawnya G. Flick
- Department of Analytical Research & Development, Amgen Inc., 1 Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - R. Graham Cooks
- Department
of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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46
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Zhang JT, Wang HY, Zhang X, Zhang F, Guo YL. Study of short-lived and early reaction intermediates in organocatalytic asymmetric amination reactions by ion-mobility mass spectrometry. Catal Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cy01051b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A study of the reactive intermediates in organocatalytic asymmetric amination reactions by reactive SAESI coupled to ion-mobility mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Ting Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry and National Center for Organic Mass Spectrometry in Shanghai
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200032
- China
| | - Hao-Yang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry and National Center for Organic Mass Spectrometry in Shanghai
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200032
- China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Zhejiang Gongshang University
- Hangzhou 310035
- China
| | - Fang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry and National Center for Organic Mass Spectrometry in Shanghai
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200032
- China
| | - Yin-Long Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry and National Center for Organic Mass Spectrometry in Shanghai
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200032
- China
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