1
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Baba T, Campbell JL, Le Blanc JCY, Baker PRS. Structural Identification of Eicosanoids with Ring Structures Using Differential Mobility Spectrometry-Electron Impact Excitation of Ions from Organics Mass Spectrometry. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 2023; 34:75-81. [PMID: 36507839 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.2c00256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
We developed a structural identification method for eicosanoids with various ring structures using mass spectrometry. We discovered that an electron beam with a kinetic energy of 10 eV, which is in the Electron Impact Excitation of Ions from Organics (EIEIO) regime, cleaved the fatty acids enough to distinguish constitutional and cis/trans isomers. In addition to EIEIO, a comparison to authentic standards using differential mobility spectrometry (DMS) can identify diastereomers, which was difficult by EIEIO. The combination of EIEIO and DMS can provide a high-throughput method to identify complete structures of eicosanoids in mixed samples, which is not allowed with conventional analytical methods though eicosanoids are important signaling molecules in biosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Baba
- Sciex, 71 Four Valley Dr., Concord, Ontario L4K 4V8, Canada
| | | | | | - Paul R S Baker
- Sciex, 1201 Radio Road, Redwood Shores, California 64065, United States
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2
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Williams J, Nunez-Argote L, Campbell JL, Brooks J. Safety Concerns for Laboratory Professionals in Rural Practice Settings During Covid-19. Am J Clin Pathol 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/aqac126.268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction/Objective
The COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated the health risks of laboratory professionals. This study aimed to understand the impact increased workload and decreased staffing levels have, specifically in rural areas where clinical laboratory testing is performed, and to document how these changes affect the wellbeing of laboratory professionals.
Methods/Case Report
The study integrated responses from a cross-sectional study of laboratory professionals which employed an anonymous electronic survey deployed between November of 2021 and February of 2022. Specific items asked if participants had worked in clinical laboratories since the public health emergency started, if they were concerned regarding Covid-19 transmission, adequate staffing, and support at their workplace. A subsequent qualitative study including focus groups and an interview questionnaire targeted laboratory professionals working in rural laboratories in four states of the Mid-west to further understand any immediate health impacts on wellbeing for these professionals.
Results (if a Case Study enter NA)
Among 438 participants in the survey that indicated they worked in the laboratory since March of 2020, 20% said they worked in non-metro US counties (RUCC 4-9). Among the non-metro laboratory professionals, 70% indicated that staffing levels in their laboratories were inadequate, with over 50% of them expressing concern about contracting Covid-19 at their workplace, and 53% saying they had been told to work despite a possible or confirmed exposure to the virus. The analysis of thirteen focus groups (N=59) and qualitative written interviews (n=15) found that workplace changes impacted the health of laboratory professionals in rural areas. These included lack of availability of laboratory equipment and increased work hours, which increased self-reported levels of stress. Recommendations for improvement included flexibility in scheduling of hours and proper compensation for overtime work.
Conclusion
Working in rural clinical laboratories during the Covid-19 pandemic exposed laboratory professionals to stress that was exacerbated by a work environment operating in scarcity.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Williams
- Penn State University , University Park, Pennsylvania , United States
| | - L Nunez-Argote
- University of Kansas Medical Center , Kansas City, Kansas , United States
| | - J L Campbell
- Penn State University , University Park, Pennsylvania , United States
| | - J Brooks
- University of Kansas Medical Center , Kansas City, Kansas , United States
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3
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Mashmoushi N, Larry Campbell J, di Lorenzo R, Scott Hopkins W. Rapid separation of cannabinoid isomer sets using differential mobility spectrometry and mass spectrometry. Analyst 2022; 147:2198-2206. [DOI: 10.1039/d1an02327f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
With legalization and decriminalization of cannabis in many parts of the world comes the need for rapid separation and quantitation of the psychoactive ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nour Mashmoushi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
- Waterloo Institute of Nanotechnology, Waterloo N2L 3G1, Ontario, Canada
| | - J. Larry Campbell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
- Watermine Innovation, Waterloo N0B 2T0, Ontario, Canada
- Bedrock Scientific, Milton L6T 6J9, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - W. Scott Hopkins
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
- Waterloo Institute of Nanotechnology, Waterloo N2L 3G1, Ontario, Canada
- Watermine Innovation, Waterloo N0B 2T0, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Eye and Vision Research, New Territories 999077, Hong Kong
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4
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Mashmoushi N, Juhász DR, Coughlan NJA, Schneider BB, Le Blanc JCY, Guna M, Ziegler BE, Campbell JL, Hopkins WS. UVPD Spectroscopy of Differential Mobility-Selected Prototropic Isomers of Rivaroxaban. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:8187-8195. [PMID: 34432451 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c05564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Two ion populations of protonated Rivaroxaban, [C19H18ClN3O5S + H]+, are separated under pure N2 conditions using differential mobility spectrometry prior to characterization in a hybrid triple quadrupole linear ion trap mass spectrometer. These populations are attributed to bare protonated Rivaroxaban and to a proton-bound Rivaroxaban-ammonia complex, which dissociates prior to mass-selecting the parent ion. Ultraviolet photodissociation (UVPD) and collision-induced dissociation (CID) studies indicate that both protonated Rivaroxaban ion populations are comprised of the computed global minimum prototropic isomer. Two ion populations are also observed when the collision environment is modified with 1.5% (v/v) acetonitrile. In this case, the protonated Rivaroxaban ion populations are produced by the dissociation of the ammonium complex and by the dissociation of a proton-bound Rivaroxaban-acetonitrile complex prior to mass selection. Again, both populations exhibit a similar CID behavior; however, UVPD spectra indicate that the two ion populations are associated with different prototropic isomers. The experimentally acquired spectra are compared with computed spectra and are assigned to two prototropic isomers that exhibit proton sharing between distal oxygen centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nour Mashmoushi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada.,Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Daniel R Juhász
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Neville J A Coughlan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada.,Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | | | | | - Mircea Guna
- SCIEX, 71 Four Valley Drive, Concord, Ontario L4K 4V8, Canada
| | - Blake E Ziegler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada.,Watermine Innovation, Waterloo, Ontario N0B 2T0, Canada
| | - J Larry Campbell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada.,Watermine Innovation, Waterloo, Ontario N0B 2T0, Canada.,Bedrock Scientific, Milton, Ontario L6T 6J9, Canada
| | - W Scott Hopkins
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada.,Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada.,Watermine Innovation, Waterloo, Ontario N0B 2T0, Canada.,Centre for Eye and Vision Research, New Territories 999077, Hong Kong
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5
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Coughlan NJA, Fu W, Guna M, Schneider BB, Le Blanc JCY, Campbell JL, Hopkins WS. Electronic spectroscopy of differential mobility-selected prototropic isomers of protonated para-aminobenzoic acid. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:20607-20614. [PMID: 34505849 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp02120f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
para-Aminobenzoic acid (PABA) was electrosprayed from mixtures of protic and aprotic solvents, leading to formation of two prototropic isomers in the gas phase whose relative populations depended on the composition of the electrospray solvent. The two ion populations were separated in the gas phase using differential mobility spectrometry (DMS) within a nitrogen-only environment at atmospheric pressure. Under high-field conditions, the two prototropic isomers eluted with baseline signal separation with the N-protonated isomer having a more negative CV shift than the O-protonated isomer, in accord with previous DMS studies. The conditions most favorable for formation and separation of each tautomer were used to trap each prototropic isomer in a quadrupole ion trap for photodissociation action spectroscopy experiments. Spectral interrogation of each prototropic isomer in the UV region (3-6 eV) showed good agreement with previously recorded spectra, although a previously reported band (4.8-5.4 eV) was less intense for the O-protonated isomer in our measured spectrum. Without DMS selection, the measured spectra contained features corresponding to both protonated isomers even when solvent conditions were optimised for formation of a single isomer. Interconversion between protonated isomers within the ion trap was observed when protic ESI solvents were employed, leading to spectral cross contamination even with mobility selection. CCSD vertical excitation energies and vertical gradient (VG) Franck-Condon simulations are presented and reproduce the measured spectral features with near-quantitative agreement, providing supporting evidence for spectral assignments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neville J A Coughlan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada. .,Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Weiqiang Fu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada. .,Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Mircea Guna
- SCIEX, Four Valley Drive, Concord, Ontario, L4K 4V8, Canada
| | | | | | - J Larry Campbell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada. .,Bedrock Scientific Inc., Milton, Ontario, Canada.,WaterMine Innovation, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - W Scott Hopkins
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada. .,Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada.,WaterMine Innovation, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.,Centre for Eye and Vision Research, Hong Kong Science Park, New Territories, Hong Kong
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6
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Heldmaier FV, Coughlan NJA, Haack A, Huard R, Guna M, Schneider BB, Le Blanc JCY, Campbell JL, Nooijen M, Hopkins WS. UVPD spectroscopy of differential mobility-selected prototropic isomers of protonated adenine. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:19892-19900. [PMID: 34525152 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp02688g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Two prototropic isomers of adenine are formed in an electrospray ion source and are resolved spatially in a differential mobility spectrometer before detection in a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer. Each isomer is gated in CV space before being trapped in the linear ion trap of the modified mass spectrometer, where they are irradiated by the tuneable output of an optical parametric oscillator and undergo photodissociation to form charged fragments with m/z 119, 109, and 94. The photon-normalised intensity of each fragmentation channel is measured and the action spectra for each DMS-gated tautomer are obtained. Our analysis of the action spectra, aided by calculated vibronic spectra and thermochemical data, allow us to assign the two signals in our measured ionograms to specific tautomers of protonated adenine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiorella Villanueva Heldmaier
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada. .,Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Neville J A Coughlan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada. .,Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Alexander Haack
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada. .,Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Rebecca Huard
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada. .,Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Mircea Guna
- SCIEX, Four Valley Drive, Concord, Ontario, L4K 4V8, Canada
| | | | | | - J Larry Campbell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada. .,Bedrock Scientific Inc., Milton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marcel Nooijen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada.
| | - W Scott Hopkins
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada. .,Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada.,Centre for Eye and Vision Research, Hong Kong Science Park, New Territories, Hong Kong.,Watermine Innovation, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
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7
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Abstract
Although there has been a surge in popularity of differential mobility spectrometry (DMS) within analytical workflows, determining separation conditions within the DMS parameter space still requires manual optimization. A means of accurately predicting differential ion mobility would benefit practitioners by significantly reducing the time associated with method development. Here, we report a machine learning (ML) approach that predicts dispersion curves in an N2 environment, which are the compensation voltages (CVs) required for optimal ion transmission across a range of separation voltages (SVs) between 1500 to 4000 V. After training a random-forest based model using the DMS information of 409 cationic analytes, dispersion curves were reproduced with a mean absolute error (MAE) of ≤ 2.4 V, approaching typical experimental peak FWHMs of ±1.5 V. The predictive ML model was trained using only m/z and ion-neutral collision cross section (CCS) as inputs, both of which can be obtained from experimental databases before being extensively validated. By updating the model via inclusion of two CV datapoints at lower SVs (1500 V and 2000 V) accuracy was further improved to MAE ≤ 1.2 V. This improvement stems from the ability of the "guided" ML routine to accurately capture Type A and B behaviour, which was exhibited by only 2% and 17% of ions, respectively, within the dataset. Dispersion curve predictions of the database's most common Type C ions (81%) using the unguided and guided approaches exhibited average errors of 0.6 V and 0.1 V, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Ieritano
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada. and Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - J Larry Campbell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada. and WaterMine Innovation, Inc., Waterloo, Ontario N0B 2T0, Canada and Bedrock Scientific Inc., Milton, Ontario L6T 6J9, Canada
| | - W Scott Hopkins
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada. and Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada and WaterMine Innovation, Inc., Waterloo, Ontario N0B 2T0, Canada and Centre for Eye and Vision Research, Hong Kong Science Park, New Territories, 999077, Hong Kong
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8
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Ieritano C, Lee A, Crouse J, Bowman Z, Mashmoushi N, Crossley PM, Friebe BP, Campbell JL, Hopkins WS. Determining Collision Cross Sections from Differential Ion Mobility Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2021; 93:8937-8944. [PMID: 34132546 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c01420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The experimental determination of ion-neutral collision cross sections (CCSs) is generally confined to ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) technologies that operate under the so-called low-field limit or those that enable empirical calibration strategies (e.g., traveling wave IMS; TWIMS). Correlation of ion trajectories to CCS in other non-linear IMS techniques that employ dynamic electric fields, such as differential mobility spectrometry (DMS), has remained a challenge since its inception. Here, we describe how an ion's CCS can be measured from DMS experiments using a machine learning (ML)-based calibration. The differential mobility of 409 molecular cations (m/z: 86-683 Da and CCS 110-236 Å2) was measured in a N2 environment to train the ML framework. Several open-source ML routines were tested and trained using DMS-MS data in the form of the parent ion's m/z and the compensation voltage required for elution at specific separation voltages between 1500 and 4000 V. The best performing ML model, random forest regression, predicted CCSs with a mean absolute percent error of 2.6 ± 0.4% for analytes excluded from the training set (i.e., out-of-the-bag external validation). This accuracy approaches the inherent statistical error of ∼2.2% for the MobCal-MPI CCS calculations employed for training purposes and the <2% threshold for matching literature CCSs with those obtained on a TWIMS platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Ieritano
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo N2L 3G1, Ontario, Canada
- WaterMine Innovation, Inc., Waterloo N0B 2T0, Ontario, Canada
- Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo N2L 3G1, Ontario, Canada
| | - Arthur Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo N2L 3G1, Ontario, Canada
- WaterMine Innovation, Inc., Waterloo N0B 2T0, Ontario, Canada
- Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo N2L 3G1, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jeff Crouse
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo N2L 3G1, Ontario, Canada
- WaterMine Innovation, Inc., Waterloo N0B 2T0, Ontario, Canada
| | - Zack Bowman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo N2L 3G1, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nour Mashmoushi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo N2L 3G1, Ontario, Canada
- Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo N2L 3G1, Ontario, Canada
| | - Paige M Crossley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo N2L 3G1, Ontario, Canada
| | - Benjamin P Friebe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo N2L 3G1, Ontario, Canada
| | - J Larry Campbell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo N2L 3G1, Ontario, Canada
- WaterMine Innovation, Inc., Waterloo N0B 2T0, Ontario, Canada
- Bedrock Scientific Inc., Milton, L6T 6J9, Ontario, Canada
| | - W Scott Hopkins
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo N2L 3G1, Ontario, Canada
- WaterMine Innovation, Inc., Waterloo N0B 2T0, Ontario, Canada
- Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo N2L 3G1, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Eye and Vision Research, Hong Kong Science Park, New Territories 999077, Hong Kong
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Ieritano C, Rickert D, Featherstone J, Honek JF, Campbell JL, Blanc JCYL, Schneider BB, Hopkins WS. The Charge-State and Structural Stability of Peptides Conferred by Microsolvating Environments in Differential Mobility Spectrometry. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 2021; 32:956-968. [PMID: 33733774 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.0c00469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The presence of solvent vapor in a differential mobility spectrometry (DMS) cell creates a microsolvating environment that can mitigate complications associated with field-induced heating. In the case of peptides, the microsolvation of protonation sites results in a stabilization of charge density through localized solvent clustering, sheltering the ion from collisional activation. Seeding the DMS carrier gas (N2) with a solvent vapor prevented nearly all field-induced fragmentation of the protonated peptides GGG, AAA, and the Lys-rich Polybia-MP1 (IDWKKLLDAAKQIL-NH2). Modeling the microsolvation propensity of protonated n-propylamine [PrNH3]+, a mimic of the Lys side chain and N-terminus, with common gas-phase modifiers (H2O, MeOH, EtOH, iPrOH, acetone, and MeCN) confirms that all solvent molecules form stable clusters at the site of protonation. Moreover, modeling populations of microsolvated clusters indicates that species containing protonated amine moieties exist as microsolvated species with one to six solvent ligands at all effective ion temperatures (Teff) accessible during a DMS experiment (ca. 375-600 K). Calculated Teff of protonated GGG, AAA, and Polybia-MPI using a modified two-temperature theory approach were up to 86 K cooler in DMS environments seeded with solvent vapor compared to pure N2 environments. Stabilizing effects were largely driven by an increase in the ion's apparent collision cross section and by evaporative cooling processes induced by the dynamic evaporation/condensation cycles incurred in the presence of an oscillating electric separation field. When the microsolvating partner was a protic solvent, abstraction of a proton from [MP1 + 3H]3+ to yield [MP1 + 2H]2+ was observed. This result was attributed to the proclivity of protic solvents to form hydrogen-bond networks with enhanced gas-phase basicity. Collectively, microsolvation provides analytes with a solvent "air bag," whereby charge reduction and microsolvation-induced stabilization were shown to shelter peptides from the fragmentation induced by field heating and may play a role in preserving native-like ion configurations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Ieritano
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo N2L 3G1, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daniel Rickert
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo N2L 3G1, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joshua Featherstone
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo N2L 3G1, Ontario, Canada
| | - John F Honek
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo N2L 3G1, Ontario, Canada
| | - J Larry Campbell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo N2L 3G1, Ontario, Canada
- Watermine Innovation, Waterloo N0B 2T0, Ontario, Canada
- Bedrock Scientific, Milton L6T 6J9, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | - W Scott Hopkins
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo N2L 3G1, Ontario, Canada
- Watermine Innovation, Waterloo N0B 2T0, Ontario, Canada
- Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo N2L 3G1, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Eye and Vision Research, Hong Kong Science Park, New Territories 999077, Hong Kong
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10
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Butterworth JE, Hays R, McDonagh STJ, Bower P, Pitchforth E, Richards SH, Campbell JL. Involving older people with multimorbidity in decision-making about their primary healthcare: A Cochrane systematic review of interventions (abridged). Patient Educ Couns 2020; 103:2078-2094. [PMID: 32345574 DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2020.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the effects of interventions aimed at involving older people with multimorbidity in decision-making about their healthcare during primary care consultations. METHODS Cochrane methodological procedures were applied. Searches covered all relevant trial registries and databases. Randomised controlled trials were identified where interventions had been compared with usual care/ control/ another intervention. A narrative synthesis is presented; meta-analysis was not appropriate. RESULTS 8160 abstracts and 54 full-text articles were screened. Three studies were included, involving 1879 patient participants. Interventions utilised behaviour change theory; cognitive-behavioural therapy and motivational interviewing; multidisciplinary, holistic patient review and organisational changes. No studies reported the primary outcome 'patient involvement in decision-making about their healthcare'. Patient involvement was evident in the theory underpinning interventions. Certainty of evidence (assessed using GRADE) was limited by small studies and inconsistency in secondary outcomes measured. CONCLUSION The evidence base is currently too limited to interpret with certainty. Transparency in design and consistency in evaluation, using validated measures, is required for future interventions involving older patients with multimorbidity in decisions about their healthcare. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS There is a large gap between clinical guidelines for multimorbidity and an evidence base for implementation of their recommendations during primary care consultations with older people.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Butterworth
- University of Exeter Collaboration for Academic Primary Care (APEx), University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK.
| | - R Hays
- NIHR School for Primary Care Research, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Division of Population Health, Health Services Research and Primary Care, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - S T J McDonagh
- University of Exeter Collaboration for Academic Primary Care (APEx), University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - P Bower
- NIHR School for Primary Care Research, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Division of Population Health, Health Services Research and Primary Care, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - E Pitchforth
- University of Exeter Collaboration for Academic Primary Care (APEx), University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - S H Richards
- Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - J L Campbell
- University of Exeter Collaboration for Academic Primary Care (APEx), University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
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Campbell JL, Kafle A, Bowman Z, Blanc JCYL, Liu C, Hopkins WS. Separating chiral isomers of amphetamine and methamphetamine using chemical derivatization and differential mobility spectrometry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ansa.202000066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Larry Campbell
- SCIEX Concord Ontario Canada
- Department of Chemistry University of Waterloo 200 University Avenue West Waterloo Ontario Canada
- Bedrock Scientific Milton Ontario Canada
- WaterMine Innovation, Inc. Waterloo Ontario Canada
| | | | - Zack Bowman
- Department of Chemistry University of Waterloo 200 University Avenue West Waterloo Ontario Canada
- Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology University of 200 University Avenue West Waterloo Ontario Canada
| | | | | | - W. Scott Hopkins
- Department of Chemistry University of Waterloo 200 University Avenue West Waterloo Ontario Canada
- Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology University of 200 University Avenue West Waterloo Ontario Canada
- WaterMine Innovation, Inc. Waterloo Ontario Canada
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12
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Clewell HJ, Campbell JL, Van Landingham C, Franzen A, Yoon M, Dodd DE, Andersen ME, Gentry PR. Response to "letter concerning: Clewell (2019) incorporation of in vitro metabolism data and physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling in a risk assessment for chloroprene." (UIHT-2020-0053). Inhal Toxicol 2020; 32:369-371. [PMID: 32900235 DOI: 10.1080/08958378.2020.1817199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H J Clewell
- Research Triangle Park, Ramboll US Corporation, Charlotte, North Carolina, USA
| | - J L Campbell
- Research Triangle Park, Ramboll US Corporation, Charlotte, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - A Franzen
- Ramboll US Corporation, Monroe, Louisiana, USA
| | - M Yoon
- ToxStrategies, Inc., Cary, North Carolina, USA
| | - D E Dodd
- Research Triangle Park, The Hamner Institutes for Health Sciences, North Carolina, USA
| | - M E Andersen
- Research Triangle Park, The Hamner Institutes for Health Sciences, North Carolina, USA
| | - P R Gentry
- ToxStrategies, Inc., Cary, North Carolina, USA
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13
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Lam KHB, Le Blanc JCY, Campbell JL. Separating Isomers, Conformers, and Analogues of Cyclosporin using Differential Mobility Spectroscopy, Mass Spectrometry, and Hydrogen–Deuterium Exchange. Anal Chem 2020; 92:11053-11061. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c00191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. H. Brian Lam
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Research in Mass Spectrometry, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3, Canada
| | | | - J. Larry Campbell
- SCIEX, 71 Four Valley Drive, Concord, Ontario L4K 4 V8, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
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14
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Ieritano C, Featherstone J, Haack A, Guna M, Campbell JL, Hopkins WS. How Hot Are Your Ions in Differential Mobility Spectrometry? J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 2020; 31:582-593. [PMID: 31967812 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.9b00043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Ions can experience significant field-induced heating in a differential mobility cell. To investigate this phenomenon, the fragmentation of several para-substituted benzylpyridinium "thermometer" ions (R = OMe, Me, F, Cl, H, CN) was monitored in a commercial differential mobility spectrometer (DMS). The internal energy of each benzylpyridinium derivative was characterized by monitoring the degree of fragmentation to obtain an effective temperature, Teff, which corresponds to a temperature consistent with treating the observed fragmentation ratio using a unimolecular dissociation rate weighted by a Boltzmann distribution at a temperature T. It was found that ions are sufficiently thermalized after initial activation from the ESI process to the temperature of the bath gas, Tbath. Once a critical field strength was surpassed, significant fragmentation of the benzylpyridinium ions was detected. At the maximum bath gas temperature (450 K) and separation voltage (SV; 4400 V) for our instrument, Teff for the benzylpyridinium derivatives ranged from 664 ± 9 K (p-OMe) to 759 ± 17 K (p-H). The extent of activation at a given SV depends on the ion's mass, degrees of freedom, (NDoF), and collision frequency as represented by the ion's collision cross section. Plots of Teff vs the product of ion mass and NDoF and the inverse of collision cross section produce strong linear relationships. This provides an attractive avenue to estimate ion temperatures at a given SV using only intrinsic properties. Moreover, experimentally determined Teff correlate with theoretically predicted Teff using with a self-consistent method based on two-temperature theory. The various instrumental and external parameters that influence Teff are additionally discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Ieritano
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Joshua Featherstone
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Alexander Haack
- Department of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Wuppertal, Gauss Strasse 20, Wuppertal 42119, Germany
| | - Mircea Guna
- SCIEX, 71 Four Valley Drive, Concord, Ontario L4K 4 V8, Canada
| | - J Larry Campbell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
- SCIEX, 71 Four Valley Drive, Concord, Ontario L4K 4 V8, Canada
| | - W Scott Hopkins
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
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15
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Coughlan NJA, Carr PJJ, Walker SC, Zhou C, Guna M, Campbell JL, Hopkins WS. Measuring Electronic Spectra of Differential Mobility-Selected Ions in the Gas Phase. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 2020; 31:405-410. [PMID: 32031386 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.9b00039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We describe the modification of a commercially available tandem differential mobility mass spectrometer (DMS) that has been retrofitted to facilitate photodissociation (PD) of differential mobility-separated, mass-selected molecular ions. We first show that a mixture of protonated quinoline/isoquinoline (QH+/iQH+) can be separated using differential mobility spectrometry. Efficient separation is facilitated by addition of methanol to the DMS environment and increased residence time within the DMS. In action spectroscopy experiments, we gate each isomer using appropriate DMS settings, trap the ions in the third quadrupole of a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer, and irradiate them with tunable light from an optical parametric oscillator (OPO). The resulting mass spectra are recorded as the OPO wavelength is scanned, giving PD action spectra. We compare our PD spectra with previously recorded spectra for the same species and show that our instrument reproduces previous works faithfully.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neville J A Coughlan
- Department of Chemistry , University of Waterloo , 200 University Avenue West , Waterloo , ON N2L 3G1 , Canada
| | - Patrick J J Carr
- Department of Chemistry , University of Waterloo , 200 University Avenue West , Waterloo , ON N2L 3G1 , Canada
| | - Stephen C Walker
- Department of Chemistry , University of Waterloo , 200 University Avenue West , Waterloo , ON N2L 3G1 , Canada
| | - Ce Zhou
- Department of Chemistry , University of Waterloo , 200 University Avenue West , Waterloo , ON N2L 3G1 , Canada
| | - Mircea Guna
- SCIEX , Four Valley Drive , Concord , ON L4K 4V8 , Canada
| | - J Larry Campbell
- Department of Chemistry , University of Waterloo , 200 University Avenue West , Waterloo , ON N2L 3G1 , Canada
- SCIEX , Four Valley Drive , Concord , ON L4K 4V8 , Canada
| | - W Scott Hopkins
- Department of Chemistry , University of Waterloo , 200 University Avenue West , Waterloo , ON N2L 3G1 , Canada
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16
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Coughlan NJA, Liu C, Lecours MJ, Campbell JL, Hopkins WS. Preferential Ion Microsolvation in Mixed-Modifier Environments Observed Using Differential Mobility Spectrometry. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 2019; 30:2222-2227. [PMID: 31529402 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-019-02332-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The preferential solvation behavior for eight different derivatives of protonated quinoline was measured in a tandem differential mobility spectrometer mass spectrometer (DMS-MS). Ion-solvent cluster formation was induced in the DMS by the addition of chemical modifiers (i.e., solvent vapors) to the N2 buffer gas. To determine the effect of more than one modifier in the DMS environment, we performed DMS experiments with varying mixtures of water, acetonitrile, and isopropyl alcohol solvent vapors. The results show that doping the buffer gas with a binary mixture of modifiers leads to the ions binding preferentially to one modifier over another. We used density functional theory to calculate the ion-solvent binding energies, and in all cases, calculations show that the quinolinium ions bind most strongly with acetonitrile, then isopropyl alcohol, and most weakly with water. Computational results support the hypothesis that the quinolinium ions bind exclusively to whichever solvent they have the strongest interaction with, regardless of the presence of other modifier gases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neville J A Coughlan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave. W., Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Chang Liu
- SCIEX, Four Valley Dr., Concord, ON, L4K 4V8, Canada
| | - Michael J Lecours
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave. W., Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - J Larry Campbell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave. W., Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada.
- SCIEX, Four Valley Dr., Concord, ON, L4K 4V8, Canada.
| | - W Scott Hopkins
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave. W., Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada.
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17
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Gabriel MA, Dare EV, Meunier SM, Campbell JL, Sasges MR, Aucoin MG. Ultraviolet irradiation of trypsin, lysozyme and β-galactosidase: how does UVC affect these enzymes when used as a secondary barrier against adventitious agents? Vaccine 2019; 37:6518-6525. [PMID: 31519446 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.08.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Trypsin is one of the essential raw materials used in the manufacturing of biopharmaceutical products. As an animal derived product, it can potentially carry a serious risk of contamination with adventitious agents that can result in production shut down and lost product. To mitigate these risks, several methods are currently being used in the industry to remove contamination including physical and chemical methods. Ultraviolet-C (UVC) light is known to inactivate adventitious agents that are resistant to physical and chemical methods and could be a secondary barrier strategy. In this study, we investigated the effect of UVC irradiation on the activity and structure of trypsin. Extreme doses of UVC light were applied to trypsin using a collimated beam apparatus. The effect of UVC light on trypsin enzymatic activity was measured using a colorimetric activity assay and the effect on structure was analyzed by spectrophotometry, gel electrophoresis, and mass spectrometry. To broaden the scope, the effect of UVC light on the activity of two additional enzymes, lysozyme and β-galactosidase, was also examined. At high doses of UVC light, changes to protein structure and protein fragmentation resulted in decreased trypsin activity. However, minimal damage was observed at doses applicable to inactivating adventitious agents, making UVC a feasible treatment for viral inactivation of trypsin products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle A Gabriel
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada; Trojan Technologies, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Emma V Dare
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Sarah M Meunier
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | | | | | - Marc G Aucoin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada.
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18
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Poad BLJ, Marshall DL, Harazim E, Gupta R, Narreddula VR, Young RSE, Duchoslav E, Campbell JL, Broadbent JA, Cvačka J, Mitchell TW, Blanksby SJ. Combining Charge-Switch Derivatization with Ozone-Induced Dissociation for Fatty Acid Analysis. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 2019; 30:2135-2143. [PMID: 31347025 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-019-02285-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The specific positions of carbon-carbon double bond(s) within an unsaturated fatty acid exert a significant effect on the physical and chemical properties of the lipid that ultimately inform its biological function(s). Contemporary liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (MS) strategies based on electrospray ionization coupled to tandem MS can easily detect fatty acyl lipids but generally cannot reveal those specific site(s) of unsaturation. Herein, we describe a novel and versatile workflow whereby fatty acids are first converted to fixed charge N-(4-aminomethylphenyl)pyridinium (AMPP) derivatives and subsequently subjected to ozone-induced dissociation (OzID) on a modified triple quadrupole mass spectrometer. The AMPP modification enhances the detection of fatty acids introduced by direct infusion. Fragmentation of the derivatized fatty acids also provides diagnostic fragment ions upon collision-induced dissociation that can be targeted in precursor ion scans to subsequently trigger OzID analyses in an automated data-dependent workflow. It is these OzID analyses that provide unambiguous assignment of carbon-carbon double bond locations in the AMPP-derivatized fatty acids. The performance of this analysis pipeline is assessed in profiling the patterns of unsaturation in fatty acids within the complex biological secretion vernix caseosa. This analysis uncovers significant isomeric diversity within the fatty acid pool of this sample, including a number of hitherto unreported double bond positional isomers that hint at the activity of potentially new metabolic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berwyck L J Poad
- Central Analytical Research Facility, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - David L Marshall
- Central Analytical Research Facility, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Eva Harazim
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Rajesh Gupta
- Central Analytical Research Facility, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Venkateswara R Narreddula
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Reuben S E Young
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | | | - James A Broadbent
- SCIEX, Concord, ON, Canada
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, St Lucia, Queensland, 4067, Australia
| | - Josef Cvačka
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Todd W Mitchell
- School of Medicine and Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Stephen J Blanksby
- Central Analytical Research Facility, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia.
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19
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Lane CS, McManus K, Widdowson P, Flowers SA, Powell G, Anderson I, Campbell JL. Separation of Sialylated Glycan Isomers by Differential Mobility Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2019; 91:9916-9924. [PMID: 31283185 PMCID: PMC6686149 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b01595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Mass
spectrometry has proven itself to be an important technology
for characterizing intact glycoproteins, glycopeptides, and released
glycans. However, these molecules often present significant challenges
during analysis. For example, glycans of identical molecular weights
can be present in many isomeric forms, with one form having dramatically
more biological activity than the others. Discriminating among these
isomeric forms using mass spectrometry alone can be daunting, which
is why orthogonal techniques, such as ion mobility spectrometry, have
been explored. Here, we demonstrate the use of differential mobility
spectrometry (DMS) to separate isomeric glycans differing only in
the linkages of sialic acid groups (e.g., α 2,3 versus α
2,6). This ability extends from a small trisaccharide species to larger
biantennary systems and is driven, in part, by the role of intramolecular
solvation of the charge site(s) on these ions within the DMS environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine S Lane
- SCIEX , Phoenix House, Centre Park , Warrington WA1 1RX , United Kingdom
| | - Kirsty McManus
- Allergan Biologics Limited , 12 Estuary Banks , Speke, Liverpool L24 8RB , United Kingdom
| | - Philip Widdowson
- Allergan Biologics Limited , 12 Estuary Banks , Speke, Liverpool L24 8RB , United Kingdom
| | | | - Gerard Powell
- Allergan Biologics Limited , 12 Estuary Banks , Speke, Liverpool L24 8RB , United Kingdom
| | - Ian Anderson
- Allergan Biologics Limited , 12 Estuary Banks , Speke, Liverpool L24 8RB , United Kingdom
| | - J Larry Campbell
- SCIEX , 71 Four Valley Drive , Concord , Ontario , Canada , L4K 4 V8
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20
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Gabelica V, Shvartsburg AA, Afonso C, Barran P, Benesch JL, Bleiholder C, Bowers MT, Bilbao A, Bush MF, Campbell JL, Campuzano ID, Causon T, Clowers BH, Creaser CS, De Pauw E, Far J, Fernandez‐Lima F, Fjeldsted JC, Giles K, Groessl M, Hogan CJ, Hann S, Kim HI, Kurulugama RT, May JC, McLean JA, Pagel K, Richardson K, Ridgeway ME, Rosu F, Sobott F, Thalassinos K, Valentine SJ, Wyttenbach T. Recommendations for reporting ion mobility Mass Spectrometry measurements. Mass Spectrom Rev 2019; 38:291-320. [PMID: 30707468 PMCID: PMC6618043 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 274] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Here we present a guide to ion mobility mass spectrometry experiments, which covers both linear and nonlinear methods: what is measured, how the measurements are done, and how to report the results, including the uncertainties of mobility and collision cross section values. The guide aims to clarify some possibly confusing concepts, and the reporting recommendations should help researchers, authors and reviewers to contribute comprehensive reports, so that the ion mobility data can be reused more confidently. Starting from the concept of the definition of the measurand, we emphasize that (i) mobility values (K0 ) depend intrinsically on ion structure, the nature of the bath gas, temperature, and E/N; (ii) ion mobility does not measure molecular surfaces directly, but collision cross section (CCS) values are derived from mobility values using a physical model; (iii) methods relying on calibration are empirical (and thus may provide method-dependent results) only if the gas nature, temperature or E/N cannot match those of the primary method. Our analysis highlights the urgency of a community effort toward establishing primary standards and reference materials for ion mobility, and provides recommendations to do so. © 2019 The Authors. Mass Spectrometry Reviews Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Gabelica
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM and CNRS, ARNA Laboratory, IECB site2 rue Robert Escarpit, 33600PessacFrance
| | | | | | - Perdita Barran
- Michael Barber Centre for Collaborative Mass SpectrometryManchester Institute for Biotechnology, University of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - Justin L.P. Benesch
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research LaboratoryUniversity of Oxford, Mansfield Road, OX1 3TAOxfordUK
| | - Christian Bleiholder
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryFlorida State UniversityTallahasseeFlorida32311
| | | | - Aivett Bilbao
- Biological Sciences DivisionPacific Northwest National LaboratoryRichlandWashington
| | - Matthew F. Bush
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashington
| | | | | | - Tim Causon
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU)Department of Chemistry, Division of Analytical ChemistryViennaAustria
| | - Brian H. Clowers
- Department of ChemistryWashington State UniversityPullmanWashington
| | - Colin S. Creaser
- Centre for Analytical ScienceDepartment of Chemistry, Loughborough UniversityLoughboroughUK
| | - Edwin De Pauw
- Laboratoire de spectrométrie de masse (L.S.M.) − Molecular SystemsUniversité de LiègeLiègeBelgium
| | - Johann Far
- Laboratoire de spectrométrie de masse (L.S.M.) − Molecular SystemsUniversité de LiègeLiègeBelgium
| | | | | | | | - Michael Groessl
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension and Department of BioMedical ResearchInselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland and TofwerkThunSwitzerland
| | | | - Stephan Hann
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU)Department of Chemistry, Division of Analytical ChemistryViennaAustria
| | - Hugh I. Kim
- Department of ChemistryKorea UniversitySeoulKorea
| | | | - Jody C. May
- Department of ChemistryCenter for Innovative Technology, Vanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTennessee
| | - John A. McLean
- Department of ChemistryCenter for Innovative Technology, Vanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTennessee
| | - Kevin Pagel
- Freie Universitaet BerlinInstitute for Chemistry and BiochemistryBerlinGermany
| | | | | | - Frédéric Rosu
- CNRS, INSERM and University of BordeauxInstitut Européen de Chimie et BiologiePessacFrance
| | - Frank Sobott
- Antwerp UniversityBiomolecular & Analytical Mass SpectrometryAntwerpBelgium
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular BiologyUniversity of LeedsLeedsUK
- School of Molecular and Cellular BiologyUniversity of LeedsLeedsUK
| | - Konstantinos Thalassinos
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Division of BiosciencesUniversity College LondonLondonWC1E 6BTUK
- United Kingdom and Institute of Structural and Molecular BiologyDepartment of Biological Sciences, Birkbeck College, University of LondonLondonWC1E 7HXUK
| | - Stephen J. Valentine
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of ChemistryWest Virginia UniversityMorgantownWest Virginia
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21
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Ieritano C, Crouse J, Campbell JL, Hopkins WS. A parallelized molecular collision cross section package with optimized accuracy and efficiency. Analyst 2019; 144:1660-1670. [PMID: 30649115 DOI: 10.1039/c8an02150c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A new parallelized calculation package predicts collision cross sections with high accuracy and efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Ieritano
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Waterloo
- 200 University Avenue West
- Waterloo
- Canada
| | - Jeff Crouse
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Waterloo
- 200 University Avenue West
- Waterloo
- Canada
| | - J. Larry Campbell
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Waterloo
- 200 University Avenue West
- Waterloo
- Canada
| | - W. Scott Hopkins
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Waterloo
- 200 University Avenue West
- Waterloo
- Canada
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22
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Evans DM, Villamagna AM, Green MB, Campbell JL. Origins of stream salinization in an upland New England watershed. Environ Monit Assess 2018; 190:523. [PMID: 30116969 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-018-6802-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Salinity levels are above historical levels in many New England watersheds. We investigated potential sources of salinity in the Pemigewasset River, a relatively undeveloped watershed in northern New England. We utilized a synoptic sampling approach on six occasions between April and September 2011 paired with a novel land use analysis that incorporated traditional watershed and riparian zones as well as a local contributing area. We established background specific conductivity (SC) and found that SC was above established background levels in both the mainstem of the river (peak of 172 μS cm-1) and multiple tributaries. Specific conductivity was highest during low flow conditions (June) indicating potential groundwater storage and release of de-icing salts applied during winter months. Development in the watershed and riparian zone was found to be more strongly associated with elevated SC, compared to roads. The local contributing area was not found to be strongly associated with SC; however, there was evidence that the local contributing area may contribute to SC under low flow conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Evans
- Plymouth State University, Plymouth, NH, USA.
| | | | - M B Green
- Plymouth State University, Plymouth, NH, USA
- U.S. Forest Service Northern Research Station, Newtown Square, PA, USA
| | - J L Campbell
- U.S. Forest Service Northern Research Station, Newtown Square, PA, USA
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23
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Abstract
Liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry has long been employed for the quantitation of molecules. With judicious selection of precursor and fragment ions, multiple-reaction monitoring assays can be developed rapidly for these experiments. However, there are cases where analyses struggle due to high background signals caused by matrix effects that interfere with the analytical signal. An alternative to MRMs involves using two stages of tandem mass spectrometry — an MS3 experiment. Although this technique can provide greater selectivity than MS/MS experiments, cycle times for MS3 experiments are typically longer than MRM-type experiments. Here, we present a quantitation technique employing an MS3 method with shorter cycle times than traditional linear ion trap MS3 scans. Termed “scan-free” MS3, this technique performs “mass analysis” by isolating the ions of interest in the linear ion trap and then emptying the trap of these ions. The signal will be due only to those preselected ions, resulting in an MS3 experiment with up to a ∼35% reduction in cycle times relative to standard MS3 experiments without loss of sensitivity. We compare the analytical performance of this method with MRMs, as well as standard MS3 experiments, finding equivalent or better performance from the scan-free MS3 method.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Larry Campbell
- SCIEX, 71 Four Valley Drive, Concord, ON L4K 4V8, Canada
- SCIEX, 71 Four Valley Drive, Concord, ON L4K 4V8, Canada
| | - Bruce A. Collings
- SCIEX, 71 Four Valley Drive, Concord, ON L4K 4V8, Canada
- SCIEX, 71 Four Valley Drive, Concord, ON L4K 4V8, Canada
| | - J.C. Yves Le Blanc
- SCIEX, 71 Four Valley Drive, Concord, ON L4K 4V8, Canada
- SCIEX, 71 Four Valley Drive, Concord, ON L4K 4V8, Canada
| | - James W. Hager
- SCIEX, 71 Four Valley Drive, Concord, ON L4K 4V8, Canada
- SCIEX, 71 Four Valley Drive, Concord, ON L4K 4V8, Canada
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24
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Baba T, Campbell JL, Le Blanc JCY, Baker PRS, Ikeda K. Quantitative structural multiclass lipidomics using differential mobility: electron impact excitation of ions from organics (EIEIO) mass spectrometry. J Lipid Res 2018; 59:910-919. [PMID: 29540574 PMCID: PMC5928438 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.d083261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
We report a method for comprehensive structural characterization of lipids in animal tissues using a combination of differential ion mobility spectrometry (DMS) with electron-impact excitation of ions from organics (EIEIO) mass spectrometry. Singly charged lipid ions in protonated or sodiated forms were dissociated by an electron beam having a kinetic energy of 10 eV in a branched radio-frequency ion trap. We established a comprehensive set of diagnostics to characterize the structures of glycerophospholipids, sphingolipids, and acylglycerols, including glycosylated, plasmalogen, and ester forms. This EIEIO mass spectrometer was combined with DMS as a separation tool to analyze complex lipid extracts. Deuterated quantitative standards, which were added during extraction, allowed for the quantitative analysis of the lipid molecular species in various lipid classes. We applied this technique to the total lipids extracted from porcine brain, and we structurally characterized over 300 lipids (with the exception of cis/trans double-bond isomerism in the acyl chains). The structural dataset of the lipidomes, whose regioisomers were distinguished, exhibit a uniquely defined distribution of acyl chains within each lipid class; that is, sn-1 and sn-2 in the cases of glycerophospholipids or sn-2 and (sn-1, sn-3) in the cases of triacylglycerols.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Kazutaka Ikeda
- Center for Integrated Medical Sciences, RIKEN, Tsurumi, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
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Psutka JM, Dion-Fortier A, Dieckmann T, Campbell JL, Segura PA, Hopkins WS. Identifying Fenton-Reacted Trimethoprim Transformation Products Using Differential Mobility Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2018; 90:5352-5357. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b00484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jarrod M. Psutka
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Annick Dion-Fortier
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Thorsten Dieckmann
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - J. Larry Campbell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
- SCIEX, 71 Four Valley Drive, Concord, Ontario L4K 4 V8, Canada
| | - Pedro A. Segura
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - W. Scott Hopkins
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
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Lu M, Su Y, Zhao P, Ye X, Cai Y, Shi X, Masson E, Li F, Campbell JL, Chen H. Direct Evidence for the Origin of Bis-Gold Intermediates: Probing Gold Catalysis with Mass Spectrometry. Chemistry 2018; 24:2144-2150. [PMID: 29131927 PMCID: PMC6139295 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201703666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Gold-catalyzed alkyne hydration was studied by using in situ reacting mass spectrometry (MS) technology. By monitoring the reaction process in solution under different conditions (regular and very diluted catalyst concentrations, different pH values) and examining the reaction occurrence in the early reaction stage (1-2 ms after mixing) with MS, we collected a series of experimental evidence to support that the bis-gold complex is a potential key reaction intermediate. Furthermore, both experimental and computational studies confirmed that the σ,π-bis-gold complexes are not active intermediates toward nucleophilic addition. Instead, formation of geminally diaurated complex C is crucial for this catalytic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Lu
- Center for Intelligent Chemical Instrumentation, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry & Edison Institute of Biology, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
| | - Yijin Su
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33620, USA
| | - Pengyi Zhao
- Center for Intelligent Chemical Instrumentation, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry & Edison Institute of Biology, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
| | - Xiaohan Ye
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33620, USA
| | - Yi Cai
- Center for Intelligent Chemical Instrumentation, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry & Edison Institute of Biology, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
| | - Xiaodong Shi
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33620, USA
| | - Eric Masson
- Center for Intelligent Chemical Instrumentation, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry & Edison Institute of Biology, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
| | - Fengyao Li
- Center for Intelligent Chemical Instrumentation, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry & Edison Institute of Biology, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
| | - J Larry Campbell
- AB Sciex, 71 Four Valley Drive, Concord, Ontario, L4K 4V8, Canada
| | - Hao Chen
- Center for Intelligent Chemical Instrumentation, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry & Edison Institute of Biology, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
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Walker SWC, Mark A, Verbuyst B, Bogdanov B, Campbell JL, Hopkins WS. Characterizing the Tautomers of Protonated Aniline Using Differential Mobility Spectrometry and Mass Spectrometry. J Phys Chem A 2017; 122:3858-3865. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b10872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen W. C. Walker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Alison Mark
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Brent Verbuyst
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Bogdan Bogdanov
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Pacific, Stockton, California 95211, United States
- Shimadzu Scientific Instruments, Pleasanton, California 94566, United States
| | - J. Larry Campbell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
- SCIEX, 71 Four Valley Drive, Concord, Ontario L4K 4 V8, Canada
| | - W. Scott Hopkins
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
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Bikker AP, Atherton H, Brant H, Porqueddu T, Campbell JL, Gibson A, McKinstry B, Salisbury C, Ziebland S. Conducting a team-based multi-sited focused ethnography in primary care. BMC Med Res Methodol 2017; 17:139. [PMID: 28899354 PMCID: PMC5596500 DOI: 10.1186/s12874-017-0422-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Focused ethnography is an applied and pragmatic form of ethnography that explores a specific social phenomenon as it occurs in everyday life. Based on the literature a problem-focused research question is formulated before the data collection. The data generation process targets key informants and situations so that relevant results on the pre-defined topic can be obtained within a relatively short time-span. As part of a theory based evaluation of alternative forms of consultation (such as video, phone and email) in primary care we used the focused ethnographic method in a multisite study in general practice across the UK. To date there is a gap in the literature on using focused ethnography in healthcare research.The aim of the paper is to build on the various methodological approaches in health services research by presenting the challenges and benefits we encountered whilst conducing a focused ethnography in British primary care. Our considerations are clustered under three headings: constructing a shared understanding, dividing the tasks within the team, and the functioning of the focused ethnographers within the broader multi-disciplinary team.As a result of using this approach we experienced several advantages, like the ability to collect focused data in several settings simultaneously within in a short time-span. Also, the sharing of experiences and interpretations between the researchers contributed to a more holistic understanding of the research topic. However, mechanisms need to be in place to facilitate and synthesise the observations, guide the analysis, and to ensure that all researchers feel engaged. Reflection, trust and flexibility among the team members were crucial to successfully adopt a team focused ethnographic approach. When used for policy focussed applied healthcare research a team-based multi-sited focused ethnography can uncover practices and understandings that would not be apparent through surveys or interviews alone. If conducted with care, it can provide timely findings within the fast moving context of healthcare policy and research.
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Affiliation(s)
- A P Bikker
- Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, The University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Dw1, Rm 123, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, UK.
| | - H Atherton
- Warwick Primary Care, Health Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - H Brant
- Centre for Academic Primary Care, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Canynge Hall, 39 Whatley Road, Bristol, BS8 2PS, UK
| | - T Porqueddu
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Radcliffe Primary Care Building, Radcliffe Observatory Quarter, Woodstock Rd, Oxford, OX2 6GG, UK
| | - J L Campbell
- University of Exeter Collaboration for Academic Primary Care (APEx), University of Exeter Medical School, St Luke's Campus, Smeall Building, Magdalen Road, Exeter, EX1 2LU, UK
| | - A Gibson
- Department of Health and Social Sciences, University of West England, Glenside Campus, Bristol, BS16 1DD, UK
| | - B McKinstry
- Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, The University of Edinburgh, No. 9 Edinburgh Bioquarter,9 Little France Road, Edinburgh, EH16 4UX, UK
| | - C Salisbury
- Centre for Academic Primary Care, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Canynge Hall, 39 Whatley Road, Bristol, BS8 2PS, UK
| | - S Ziebland
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Radcliffe Primary Care Building, Radcliffe Observatory Quarter, Woodstock Rd, Oxford, OX2 6GG, UK
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Campbell JL, Baba T, Liu C, Lane CS, Le Blanc JCY, Hager JW. Analyzing Glycopeptide Isomers by Combining Differential Mobility Spectrometry with Electron- and Collision-Based Tandem Mass Spectrometry. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 2017; 28:1374-1381. [PMID: 28432653 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-017-1663-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Revised: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Differential mobility spectrometry (DMS) has been employed to separate isomeric species in several studies. Under the right conditions, factors such as separation voltage, temperature, the presence of chemical modifiers, and residence time can combine to provide unique signal channels for isomeric species. In this study, we examined a set of glycopeptide isomers, MUC5AC-3 and MUC5AC-13, which bear an N-acetyl-galactosamine (GalNAc) group on either threonine-3 or threonine-13. When analyzed as a mixture, the resulting MS and MS/MS spectra yield fragmentation patterns that cannot discern these convolved species. However, when DMS is implemented during the analysis of this mixture, two features emerge in the DMS ionogram representing the two glycopeptide isomers. In addition, by locking in DMS parameters at each feature, we could observe several low intensity CID fragments that contain the GalNAc functionality-specific amino acid residues - identifying the DMS separation of each isomer without standards. Besides conventional CID MS/MS, we also implemented electron-capture dissociation (ECD) after DMS separation, and clearly resolved both isomers with this fragmentation method, as well. The electron energy used in these ECD experiments could be tuned to obtain maximum sequence coverage for these glycopeptides; this was critical as these ions were present as doubly protonated species, which are much more difficult to fragment efficiently via electron-transfer dissociation (ETD). Overall, the combination of DMS with electron- or collision-based MS/MS methods provided enhanced separation and sequence coverage for these glycopeptide isomers. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Takashi Baba
- SCIEX, 71 Four Valley Drive, Concord, ON, L4K 4V8, Canada
| | - Chang Liu
- SCIEX, 71 Four Valley Drive, Concord, ON, L4K 4V8, Canada
| | | | | | - James W Hager
- SCIEX, 71 Four Valley Drive, Concord, ON, L4K 4V8, Canada
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Baba T, Campbell JL, Le Blanc JCY, Baker PRS. Distinguishing Cis and Trans Isomers in Intact Complex Lipids Using Electron Impact Excitation of Ions from Organics Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2017; 89:7307-7315. [PMID: 28613874 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b04734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
We present a mass spectrometry-based method for the identification of cis and trans double-bond isomers within intact complex lipid mixtures using electron impact excitation of ions from organics (EIEIO) mass spectrometry. EIEIO involves irradiating singly charged lipid ions with electrons having kinetic energies of 5-16 eV. The resulting EIEIO spectra can be used to discern cis and trans double-bond isomers by virtue of the differences in the fragmentation patterns at the carbon-carbon single bonds neighboring the double bonds. For trans double bonds, these characteristic fragments include unique closed-shell and open-shell (radical) products. To explain this fragmentation pattern in trans double bonds, we have proposed a reaction mechanism involving excitation of the double bond's π electrons followed by hydrogen atom rearrangement. Several lipid standards were analyzed using the EIEIO method, including mixtures of these standards. Prior to EIEIO, some of the lipid species in these mixtures were separated from their isomeric forms by using differential mobility spectrometry (DMS). For example, mixed cis and trans forms of triacylglycerols and phosphatidylcholines were identified by this DMS-EIEIO workflow. With this combined gas-phase separation and subsequent fragmentation, we could eliminate the need for authentic standards for identification. When DMS could not separate cis and trans isomers completely, as was the case with sphingomyelins, we relied upon the aforementioned diagnostic EIEIO fragment peaks to determine the relative contribution of the trans double-bond isomer in the mixed samples. We also applied the DMS-EIEIO methodology to natural samples extracted from a ruminant (bovine), which serve as common origins of trans fatty acids in a typical Western diet that includes dairy products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Baba
- SCIEX , 71 Four Valley Drive, Concord, Ontario L4K 4V8, Canada
| | | | | | - Paul R S Baker
- SCIEX , 1201 Radio Road, Redwood Shores, California 64065, United States
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Baba T, Campbell JL, Le Blanc JCY, Baker PRS, Hager JW, Thomson BA. Development of a Branched Radio-Frequency Ion Trap for Electron Based Dissociation and Related Applications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [PMID: 28630811 PMCID: PMC5469727 DOI: 10.5702/massspectrometry.a0058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Collision-induced dissociation (CID) is the most common tool for molecular analysis in mass spectrometry to date. However, there are difficulties associated with many applications because CID does not provide sufficient information to permit details of the molecular structures to be elucidated, including post-translational-modifications in proteomics, as well as isomer differentiation in metabolomics and lipidomics. To face these challenges, we are developing fast electron-based dissociation devices using a novel radio-frequency ion trap (i.e., a branched ion trap). These devices have the ability to perform electron capture dissociation (ECD) on multiply protonated peptide/proteins; in addition, the electron impact excitation of ions from organics (EIEIO) can be also performed on singly charged molecules using such a device. In this article, we review the development of this technology, in particular on how reaction speed for EIEIO analyses on singly charged ions can be improved. We also overview some unique, recently reported applications in both lipidomics and glycoproteomics.
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32
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Liu C, Le Blanc JCY, Schneider BB, Shields J, Federico JJ, Zhang H, Stroh JG, Kauffman GW, Kung DW, Shapiro M, Ieritano C, Shepherdson E, Verbuyst M, Melo L, Hasan M, Naser D, Janiszewski JS, Hopkins WS, Campbell JL. Correction to "Assessing Physicochemical Properties of Drug Molecules via Microsolvation Measurements with Differential Mobility Spectrometry". ACS Cent Sci 2017; 3:359. [PMID: 28470054 PMCID: PMC5408334 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.7b00106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.6b00297.].
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Liu C, Le Blanc JCY, Schneider BB, Shields J, Federico JJ, Zhang H, Stroh JG, Kauffman GW, Kung DW, Ieritano C, Shepherdson E, Verbuyst M, Melo L, Hasan M, Naser D, Janiszewski JS, Hopkins WS, Campbell JL. Assessing Physicochemical Properties of Drug Molecules via Microsolvation Measurements with Differential Mobility Spectrometry. ACS Cent Sci 2017; 3:101-109. [PMID: 28280776 PMCID: PMC5324087 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.6b00297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The microsolvated state of a molecule, represented by its interactions with only a small number of solvent molecules, can play a key role in determining the observable bulk properties of the molecule. This is especially true in cases where strong local hydrogen bonding exists between the molecule and the solvent. One method that can probe the microsolvated states of charged molecules is differential mobility spectrometry (DMS), which rapidly interrogates an ion's transitions between a solvated and desolvated state in the gas phase (i.e., few solvent molecules present). However, can the results of DMS analyses of a class of molecules reveal information about the bulk physicochemical properties of those species? Our findings presented here show that DMS behaviors correlate strongly with the measured solution phase pKa and pKb values, and cell permeabilities of a set of structurally related drug molecules, even yielding high-resolution discrimination between isomeric forms of these drugs. This is due to DMS's ability to separate species based upon only subtle (yet predictable) changes in structure: the same subtle changes that can influence isomers' different bulk properties. Using 2-methylquinolin-8-ol as the core structure, we demonstrate how DMS shows promise for rapidly and sensitively probing the physicochemical properties of molecules, with particular attention paid to drug candidates at the early stage of drug development. This study serves as a foundation upon which future drug molecules of different structural classes could be examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- SCIEX, 71 Four Valley Drive, Concord, Ontario, L4K 4V8, Canada
| | | | | | - Jefry Shields
- Pfizer
Global Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - James J. Federico
- Pfizer
Global Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Hui Zhang
- Pfizer
Global Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Justin G. Stroh
- Pfizer
Global Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Gregory W. Kauffman
- Pfizer
Global Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Daniel W. Kung
- Pfizer
Global Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Christian Ieritano
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Evan Shepherdson
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Mitch Verbuyst
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Luke Melo
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Moaraj Hasan
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Dalia Naser
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - John S. Janiszewski
- Pfizer
Global Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
- E-mail:
| | - W. Scott Hopkins
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
- E-mail:
| | - J. Larry Campbell
- SCIEX, 71 Four Valley Drive, Concord, Ontario, L4K 4V8, Canada
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
- E-mail:
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Abstract
Rat tissue:air and blood:air partition coefficients (PCs) for octane, nonane, decane, undecane, and dodecane (n-C8 to n-C12 n-alkanes) were determined by vial equilibration. The blood:air PC values for n-C8 to n-C12 were 3.1, 5.8, 8.1, 20.4, and 24.6, respectively. The lipid solubility of n-alkanes increases with carbon length, suggesting that lipid solubility is an important determinant in describing n-alkane blood:air PC values. The muscle:blood, liver: blood, brain:blood, and fat:blood PC values were octane (1.0, 1.9, 1.4, and 247), nonane (0.8, 1.9, 3.8, and 274), decane (0.9, 2.0, 4.8, and 328), undecane (0.7, 1.5, 1.7, and 529), and dodecane (1.2, 1.9, 19.8, and 671), respectively. The tissue:blood PC values were greatest in fat and the least in muscle. The brain:air PC value for undecane was inconsistent with other n-alkane values. Using the measured partition coefficient values of these n-alkanes, linear regression was used to predict tissue (except brain) and blood:air partition coefficient values for larger n-alkanes, tridecane, tetradecane, pentadecane, hexadecane, and heptadecane (n-C13 to n-C17).Good agreement between measured and predicted tissue:air and blood:air partition coefficient values for n-C8 to n-C12 offer confidence in the partition coefficient predictions for longer chain n-alkanes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Q Smith
- College of Public Health, Department of Environmental Health Science, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-2102, USA
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Thompson TP, Greaves CJ, Ayres R, Aveyard P, Warren FC, Byng R, Taylor RS, Campbell JL, Ussher M, Michie S, West R, Taylor AH. Factors associated with study attrition in a pilot randomised controlled trial to explore the role of exercise-assisted reduction to stop (EARS) smoking in disadvantaged groups. Trials 2016; 17:524. [PMID: 27788686 PMCID: PMC5084338 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-016-1641-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Study attrition has the potential to compromise a trial’s internal and external validity. The aim of the present study was to identify factors associated with participant attrition in a pilot trial of the effectiveness of a novel behavioural support intervention focused on increasing physical activity to reduce smoking, to inform the methods to reduce attrition in a definitive trial. Methods Disadvantaged smokers who wanted to reduce but not quit were randomised (N = 99), of whom 61 (62 %) completed follow-up assessments at 16 weeks. Univariable logistic regression was conducted to determine the effects of intervention arm, method of recruitment, and participant characteristics (sociodemographic factors, and lifestyle, behavioural and attitudinal characteristics) on attrition, followed by multivariable logistic regression on those factors found to be related to attrition. Results Participants with low confidence to quit, and who were undertaking less than 150 mins of moderate and vigorous physical activity per week at baseline were less likely to complete the 16-week follow-up assessment. Exploratory analysis revealed that those who were lost to follow-up early in the trial (i.e., by 4 weeks), compared with those completing the study, were younger, had smoked for fewer years and had lower confidence to quit in the next 6 months. Participants who recorded a higher expired air carbon monoxide reading at baseline were more likely to drop out late in the study, as were those recruited via follow-up telephone calls. Multivariable analyses showed that only completing less than 150 mins of physical activity retained any confidence in predicting attrition in the presence of other variables. Conclusions The findings indicate that those who take more effort to be recruited, are younger, are heavier smokers, have less confidence to quit, and are less physically active are more likely to withdraw or be lost to follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- T P Thompson
- Plymouth University Peninsula School of Medicine and Dentistry, Plymouth, UK.
| | - C J Greaves
- University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - R Ayres
- Plymouth University Peninsula School of Medicine and Dentistry, Plymouth, UK
| | - P Aveyard
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - F C Warren
- University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - R Byng
- Plymouth University Peninsula School of Medicine and Dentistry, Plymouth, UK
| | - R S Taylor
- University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | | | - M Ussher
- Institute of Population Health Research, St George's University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London, UK
| | - S Michie
- Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, London, UK
| | - R West
- Health Behaviour Research Centre, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, Gower Street, London, UK
| | - A H Taylor
- Plymouth University Peninsula School of Medicine and Dentistry, Plymouth, UK
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Baba T, Campbell JL, Le Blanc JCY, Baker PRS. Structural identification of triacylglycerol isomers using electron impact excitation of ions from organics (EIEIO). J Lipid Res 2016; 57:2015-2027. [PMID: 27457033 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m070177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Electron-induced dissociation or electron impact excitation of ions from organics (EIEIO) was applied to triacylglycerols (TAGs) for in-depth molecular structure analysis using MS. In EIEIO, energetic electrons (∼10 eV) fragmented TAG ions to allow for regioisomeric assignment of identified acyl groups at the sn-2 or sn-1/3 positions of the glycerol backbone. In addition, carbon-carbon double bond locations within the acyl chains could also be assigned by EIEIO. Beyond the analysis of lipid standards, this technique was applied to edible oils and natural lipid extracts to demonstrate the power of this method to provide in-depth structural elucidation of TAG molecular species.
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37
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Campbell JL, Yang AMC, Melo LR, Hopkins WS. Studying Gas-Phase Interconversion of Tautomers Using Differential Mobility Spectrometry. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 2016; 27:1277-1284. [PMID: 27094827 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-016-1392-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Revised: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we report on the use of differential mobility spectrometry (DMS) as a tool for studying tautomeric species, allowing a more in-depth interrogation of these elusive isomers using ion/molecule reactions and tandem mass spectrometry. As an example, we revisit a case study in which gas-phase hydrogen-deuterium exchange (HDX)-a probe of ion structure in mass spectrometry-actually altered analyte ion structure by tautomerization. For the N- and O-protonated tautomers of 4-aminobenzoic acid, when separated using DMS and subjected to subsequent HDX with trace levels of D2O, the anticipated difference between the exchange rates of the two tautomers is observed. However, when using higher levels of D2O or a more basic reagent, equivalent and almost complete exchange of all labile protons is observed. This second observation is a result of the interconversion of the N-protonated tautomer to the O-protonated form during HDX. We can monitor this transformation experimentally, with support from detailed molecular dynamics and electronic structure calculations. In fact, calculations suggest the onset of bulk solution phase properties for 4-aminobenzoic acid upon solvation with eight CH3OH molecules. These findings also underscore the need for choosing HDX reagents and conditions judiciously when separating interconvertible isomers using DMS. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Larry Campbell
- SCIEX, 71 Four Valley Drive, Concord, ON, Canada, L4K 4V8.
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave. West, Waterloo, ON, Canada, N2L 3G1.
| | - Amy Meng-Ci Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave. West, Waterloo, ON, Canada, N2L 3G1
| | - Luke R Melo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave. West, Waterloo, ON, Canada, N2L 3G1
| | - W Scott Hopkins
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave. West, Waterloo, ON, Canada, N2L 3G1.
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38
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Zhu S, Campbell JL, Chernushevich I, Le Blanc JCY, Wilson DJ. Differential Mobility Spectrometry-Hydrogen Deuterium Exchange (DMS-HDX) as a Probe of Protein Conformation in Solution. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 2016; 27:991-999. [PMID: 26965162 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-016-1364-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Revised: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Differential mobility spectrometry (DMS) is an ion mobility technique that has been adopted chiefly as a pre-filter for small- to medium-sized analytes (<1 000 Da). With the exception of a handful of studies that employ an analogue of DMS-field asymmetric waveform ion mobility spectroscopy (FAIMS)-the application of DMS to intact biomacromolecules remains largely unexplored. In this work, we employ DMS combined with gas-phase hydrogen deuterium exchange (DMS-HDX) to probe the gas-phase conformations generated from proteins that were initially folded, partially-folded, and unfolded in solution. Our findings indicate that proteins with distinct structural features in solution exhibit unique deuterium uptake profiles as function of their optimal transmission through the DMS. Ultimately we propose that DMS-HDX can, if properly implemented, provide rapid measurements of liquid-phase protein structural stability that could be of use in biopharmaceuticals development. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaolong Zhu
- Chemistry Department, York University, Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Derek J Wilson
- Chemistry Department, York University, Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3, Canada.
- Center for Research in Mass Spectrometry, Department of Chemistry, York University, Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3, Canada.
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39
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Baba T, Campbell JL, Le Blanc JCY, Baker PRS. In-depth sphingomyelin characterization using electron impact excitation of ions from organics and mass spectrometry. J Lipid Res 2016; 57:858-67. [PMID: 27005317 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m067199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Electron impact excitation of ions from organics (EIEIO), also referred to as electron-induced dissociation, was applied to singly charged SM molecular species in the gas phase. Using ESI and a quadrupole TOF mass spectrometer equipped with an electron-ion reaction device, we found that SMs fragmented sufficiently to identify their lipid class, acyl group structure, and the location of double bond(s). Using this technique, nearly 200 SM molecular species were found in four natural lipid extracts: bovine milk, porcine brain, chicken egg yolk, and bovine heart. In addition to the most common backbone, d18:1, sphingosines with a range of carbon chain lengths, sphingadienes, and some sphinganine backbones were also detected. Modifications in natural SMs were also identified, including addition of iodine/methanol across a carbon-carbon double bond. This unparalleled new approach to SM analysis using EIEIO-MS shows promise as a unique and powerful tool for structural characterization.
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Šala M, Lísa M, Campbell JL, Holčapek M. Determination of triacylglycerol regioisomers using differential mobility spectrometry. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2016; 30:256-264. [PMID: 27071217 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.7430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Triacylglycerols (TG) contain three fatty acyls attached to the glycerol backbone in stereochemically numbered positions sn-1, 2 and 3. Isobaric TG with exchanged fatty acyl chains in positions sn-1/3 vs. sn-2 are referred to as regioisomers and the determination of their regioisomeric ratios is important for nutrition purposes. METHODS Differential mobility spectrometry (DMS) coupled to electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) is applied for the separation of simple unsaturated TG regioisomers extracted from porcine adipose tissue using their silver-ion molecular adducts. RESULTS Four pairs of TG regioisomers containing combinations of unsaturated and saturated fatty acyl chains are successfully separated using DMS with 1-butanol or 1-propanol as the chemical modifier. Various experimental parameters are carefully optimized, such as the separation and compensation voltages applied to DMS electrodes, the type and flow rate of chemical modifier and the dwell time of analyte ions in the DMS cell. The optimized DMS approach is used for the characterization of TG regioisomers in less than one minute, compared to tens of minutes typical for silver-ion or reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry approaches. CONCLUSIONS The application of this method for the characterization of TG regioisomers in porcine adipose tissue shows the method suitability for analyses of other animal fats.
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Liu C, Choi K, Kang Y, Kim J, Fobel C, Seale B, Campbell JL, Covey TR, Wheeler AR. Direct Interface between Digital Microfluidics and High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2015; 87:11967-72. [PMID: 26595766 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b03616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
We introduce an automated method to facilitate in-line coupling of digital microfluidics (DMF) with HPLC-MS, using a custom, 3D-printed manifold and a custom plugin to the popular open-source control system, DropBot. The method was designed to interface directly with commercial autosamplers (with no prior modification), suggesting that it will be widely accessible for end-users. The system was demonstrated to be compatible with samples dissolved in aqueous buffers and neat methanol and was validated by application to a common steroid-labeling derivatization reaction. We propose that the methods described here will be useful for a wide range of applications, combining the automated sample processing power of DMF with the resolving and analytical capacity of HPLC-MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto , 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada.,SCIEX, 71 Four Valley Drive, Concord, Ontario L4K 4V8, Canada
| | - Kihwan Choi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto , 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada.,Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, 160 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Yang Kang
- SCIEX, 71 Four Valley Drive, Concord, Ontario L4K 4V8, Canada
| | - Jihye Kim
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto , 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Christian Fobel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto , 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada.,Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, 160 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Brendon Seale
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto , 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | | | - Thomas R Covey
- SCIEX, 71 Four Valley Drive, Concord, Ontario L4K 4V8, Canada
| | - Aaron R Wheeler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto , 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada.,Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto , 164 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada.,Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, 160 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada
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42
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Baba T, Campbell JL. Capturing Polyradical Protein Cations after an Electron Capture Event: Evidence for their Stable Distonic Structures in the Gas Phase. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 2015; 26:1695-1701. [PMID: 26231348 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-015-1207-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2015] [Revised: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We report on the formation and "capture" of polyradical protein cations after an electron capture event. Performed in a unique electron-capture dissociation (ECD) instrument, these experiments can generate reduced forms of multiply protonated proteins by sequential charge reduction using electrons with ~1 eV. The true structures of these possible polyradicals is considered: Do the introduced unpaired electrons recombine quickly to form a new two-electron bond, or do these unpaired electrons exist as radical sites with appropriate chemical reactivity? Using an established chemical probe--radical quenching with molecular oxygen--we demonstrate that these charge-reduced protein cations are indeed polyradicals that form adducts with up to three molecules of oxygen (i.e., tri-radical protein cations) that are stable for at least 100 ms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Baba
- Sciex, 71 Four Valley Drive, Concord, ON, L4K 4V8, Canada.
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43
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Campbell JL, Baba T. Near-Complete Structural Characterization of Phosphatidylcholines Using Electron Impact Excitation of Ions from Organics. Anal Chem 2015; 87:5837-45. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b01460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Takashi Baba
- SCIEX, 71 Four Valley Drive, Concord, Ontario L4K 4V8, Canada
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Mounce LTA, Steel N, Hardcastle AC, Henley WE, Bachmann MO, Campbell JL, Clark A, Melzer D, Richards SH. Patient characteristics predicting failure to receive indicated care for type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2015; 107:247-58. [PMID: 25533855 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2014.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Revised: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To determine which patient characteristics were associated with failure to receive indicated care for diabetes over time. METHODS English Longitudinal Study of Ageing participants aged 50 or older with diabetes reported receipt of care described by four diabetes quality indicators (QIs) in 2008-9 and 2010-11. Annual checks for glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), proteinuria and foot examination were assessed as a care bundle (n=907). A further QI (n=759) assessed whether participants with cardiac risk factors were offered ACE inhibitors or angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs). Logistic regression modelled associations between failure to receive indicated care in 2010-11 and participants' socio-demographic, lifestyle and health characteristics, diabetes self-management knowledge, health literacy, and previous QI achievement in 2008-9. RESULTS A third of participants (2008-9=32.8%; 2010-11=32.2%) did not receive all annual checks in the care bundle. Nearly half of those eligible were not offered ACE inhibitors/ARBs (2008-9=44.6%; 2010-11=44.5%). Failure to receive a complete care bundle was associated with lower diabetes self-management knowledge (odds ratio (OR) 2.05), poorer cognitive performance (1.78), or having previously received incomplete care (3.32). Participants who were single (OR=2.16), had low health literacy (1.50) or had received incomplete care previously (6.94) were more likely to not be offered ACE inhibitors/ARBs. Increasing age (OR=0.76) or body mass index (OR=0.70) was associated with lower odds of failing to receive this aspect of care. CONCLUSIONS Quality improvement initiatives for diabetes might usefully target patients with previous receipt of incomplete care, poor knowledge of annual diabetes care processes, and poorer cognition and health literacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- L T A Mounce
- Primary Care Research Group and School of Public Health and Epidemiology, University of Exeter Medical School, United Kingdom
| | - N Steel
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, United Kingdom
| | - A C Hardcastle
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, United Kingdom
| | - W E Henley
- Health Statistics Research Group, University of Exeter Medical School, United Kingdom
| | - M O Bachmann
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, United Kingdom
| | - J L Campbell
- Primary Care Research Group, University of Exeter Medical School, United Kingdom
| | - A Clark
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, United Kingdom
| | - D Melzer
- School of Public Health and Epidemiology, University of Exeter Medical School, United Kingdom
| | - S H Richards
- Primary Care Research Group, University of Exeter Medical School, United Kingdom.
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Liu C, Le Blanc JCY, Shields J, Janiszewski JS, Ieritano C, Ye GF, Hawes GF, Hopkins WS, Campbell JL. Using differential mobility spectrometry to measure ion solvation: an examination of the roles of solvents and ionic structures in separating quinoline-based drugs. Analyst 2015; 140:6897-903. [DOI: 10.1039/c5an00842e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the mechanisms and energetics of ion solvation using differential mobility spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jefry Shields
- Groton lab
- Pfizer Global Research and Development
- Groton
- USA
| | | | | | - Gene F. Ye
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Waterloo
- Waterloo
- Canada
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46
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Baba
- AB Sciex, 71 Four Valley Drive, Concord, Ontario, L4K 4V8, Canada
| | | | | | - James W. Hager
- AB Sciex, 71 Four Valley Drive, Concord, Ontario, L4K 4V8, Canada
| | - Bruce A. Thomson
- AB Sciex, 71 Four Valley Drive, Concord, Ontario, L4K 4V8, Canada
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Baker PRS, Armando AM, Campbell JL, Quehenberger O, Dennis EA. Three-dimensional enhanced lipidomics analysis combining UPLC, differential ion mobility spectrometry, and mass spectrometric separation strategies. J Lipid Res 2014; 55:2432-42. [PMID: 25225680 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.d051581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Phospholipids serve as central structural components in cellular membranes and as potent mediators in numerous signaling pathways. There are six main classes of naturally occurring phospholipids distinguished by their distinct polar head groups that contain many unique molecular species with distinct fatty acid composition. Phospholipid molecular species are often expressed as isobaric species that are denoted by the phospholipid class and the total number of carbon atoms and double bonds contained in the esterified fatty acyl groups (e.g., phosphatidylcholine 34:2). Techniques to separate these molecules exist, and each has positive and negative attributes. Hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography uses polar bonded silica to separate lipids by polar head group but not by specific molecular species. Reversed phase (RP) chromatography can separate by fatty acyl chain composition but not by polar head group. Herein we describe a new strategy called differential ion mobility spectrometry (DMS), which separates phospholipid classes by their polar head group. Combining DMS with current LC methods enhances phospholipid separation by increasing resolution, specificity, and signal-to-noise ratio. Additional application of specialized information-dependent acquisition methodologies along with RP chromatography allows full isobaric resolution, identification, and compositional characterization of specific phospholipids at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aaron M Armando
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | | | - Oswald Quehenberger
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Edward A Dennis
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
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48
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Lintonen TPI, Baker PRS, Suoniemi M, Ubhi BK, Koistinen KM, Duchoslav E, Campbell JL, Ekroos K. Differential mobility spectrometry-driven shotgun lipidomics. Anal Chem 2014; 86:9662-9. [PMID: 25160652 DOI: 10.1021/ac5021744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The analysis of lipids by mass spectrometry (MS) can provide in-depth characterization for many forms of biological samples. However, such workflows can also be hampered by challenges like low chromatographic resolution for lipid separations and the convolution of mass spectra from isomeric and isobaric species. To address these issues, we describe the use of differential mobility spectrometry (DMS) as a rapid and predictable separation technique within a shotgun lipidomics workflow, with a special focus on phospholipids (PLs). These analytes, ionized by electrospray ionization (ESI), are filtered using DMS prior to MS analysis. The observed separation (measured in terms of DMS compensation voltage) is affected by several factors, including the m/z of the lipid ion, the structure of an individual ion, and the presence of chemical modifiers in the DMS cell. Such DMS separations can simplify the analysis of complex extracts in a robust and reproducible manner, independent of utilized MS instrumentation. The predictable separation achieved with DMS can facilitate correct lipid assignments among many isobaric and isomeric species independent of the resolution settings of the MS analysis. This leads to highly comprehensive and quantitative lipidomic outputs through rapid profiling analyses, such as Q1 and MRM scans. The ultimate benefit of the DMS separation in this unique shotgun lipidomics workflow is its ability to separate many isobaric and isomeric lipids that by standard shotgun lipidomics workflows are difficult to assess precisely, for example, ether and diacyl species and phosphatidylcholine (PC) and sphingomyelin (SM) lipids.
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Noestheden MR, Headley JV, Peru KM, Barrow MP, Burton LL, Sakuma T, Winkler P, Campbell JL. Rapid characterization of naphthenic acids using differential mobility spectrometry and mass spectrometry. Environ Sci Technol 2014; 48:10264-10272. [PMID: 25032949 DOI: 10.1021/es501821h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
To analyze the naphthenic acid content of environmental waters quickly and efficiently, we have developed a method that employs differential mobility spectrometry (DMS) coupled to mass spectrometry (MS). This technique combines the benefits of infusion-based MS experiments (parallel, on-demand access to individual components) with DMS's ability to provide liquid chromatography-like separations of isobaric and isomeric compounds in a fraction of the time. In this study, we have applied a DMS-MS workflow to the rapid gas-phase separation of naphthenic acids (NAs) within a technical standard and a real-world oil sands process-affected water (OSPW) extract. Among the findings provided by this workflow are the rapid characterization of isomeric NAs (i.e., same molecular formulas) in a complex OSPW sample, the ability to use DMS to isolate individual NA components (including isomeric NAs) for in-depth structural analyses, and a method by which NA analytes, background ions, and dimer species can be characterized by their distinct behaviors in DMS. Overall, the profiles of the NA content of the technical and OSPW samples were consistent with published values for similar samples, such that the benefits of DMS technology do not detract from the workflow's accuracy or quality.
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50
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Campbell JL, Zhu M, Hopkins WS. Ion-molecule clustering in differential mobility spectrometry: lessons learned from tetraalkylammonium cations and their isomers. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 2014; 25:1583-1591. [PMID: 25001379 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-014-0939-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Revised: 05/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/30/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Differential mobility spectrometry (DMS) can distinguish ions based upon the differences in their high- and low-field ion mobilities as they experience the asymmetric waveform applied to the DMS cell. These mobilities are known to be influenced by the ions' structure, m/z, and charge distribution (i.e., resonance structures) within the ions themselves, as well as by the gas-phase environment of the DMS cell. While these associations have been developed over time through empirical observations, the exact role of ion structures or their interactions with clustering molecules remains generally unknown. In this study, that relationship is explored by observing the DMS behaviors of a series of tetraalkylammonium ions as a function of their structures and the gas-phase environment of the DMS cell. To support the DMS experiments, the basin-hopping search strategy was employed to identify candidate cluster structures for density functional theory treatment. More than a million cluster structures distributed across 72 different ion-molecule cluster systems were sampled to determine global minimum structures and cluster binding energies. This joint computational and experimental approach suggests that cluster geometry, in particular ion-molecule intermolecular separation, plays a critical role in DMS.
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