1
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Spielvogel KD, Campbell EJ, Chowdhury SR, Benner F, Demir S, Hatzis GP, Petras HR, Sembukuttiarachchige D, Shepherd JJ, Thomas CM, Vlaisavljevich B, Daly SR. Modulation of Fe-Fe distance and spin in diiron complexes using tetradentate ligands with different flanking donors. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:8399-8402. [PMID: 39028006 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc02522a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Here we report the synthesis and characterization of diiron complexes containing triaryl N4 and N2S2 ligands derived from o-phenylenediamine. The complexes display significant differences in Fe-Fe distances and magnetic properties that depend on the identity of the flanking NMe2 and SMe donor groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle D Spielvogel
- The University of Iowa, Department of Chemistry, E331 Chemistry Building, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
| | - Emily J Campbell
- The University of Iowa, Department of Chemistry, E331 Chemistry Building, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
| | - Sabyasachi Roy Chowdhury
- The University of South Dakota, Department of Chemistry, 414 E Clark St., Vermillion SD, 57069, USA
| | - Florian Benner
- Michigan State University, Department of Chemistry, 578 South Shaw Lane, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - Selvan Demir
- Michigan State University, Department of Chemistry, 578 South Shaw Lane, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - Gillian P Hatzis
- The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 100 West 18th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Hayley R Petras
- The University of Iowa, Department of Chemistry, E331 Chemistry Building, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
| | | | - James J Shepherd
- The University of Iowa, Department of Chemistry, E331 Chemistry Building, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
| | - Christine M Thomas
- The Ohio State University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 100 West 18th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Bess Vlaisavljevich
- The University of Iowa, Department of Chemistry, E331 Chemistry Building, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
- The University of South Dakota, Department of Chemistry, 414 E Clark St., Vermillion SD, 57069, USA
| | - Scott R Daly
- The University of Iowa, Department of Chemistry, E331 Chemistry Building, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
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2
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Hagen WR. Quantum Magnetism of the Iron Core in Ferritin Proteins-A Re-Evaluation of the Giant-Spin Model. Molecules 2024; 29:2254. [PMID: 38792115 PMCID: PMC11123763 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29102254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The electron-electron, or zero-field interaction (ZFI) in the electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) of high-spin transition ions in metalloproteins and coordination complexes, is commonly described by a simple spin Hamiltonian that is second-order in the spin S: H=D[Sz2-SS+1/3+E(Sx2-Sy2). Symmetry considerations, however, allow for fourth-order terms when S ≥ 2. In metalloprotein EPR studies, these terms have rarely been explored. Metal ions can cluster via non-metal bridges, as, for example, in iron-sulfur clusters, in which exchange interaction can result in higher system spin, and this would allow for sixth- and higher-order ZFI terms. For metalloproteins, these have thus far been completely ignored. Single-molecule magnets (SMMs) are multi-metal ion high spin complexes, in which the ZFI usually has a negative sign, thus affording a ground state level pair with maximal spin quantum number mS = ±S, giving rise to unusual magnetic properties at low temperatures. The description of EPR from SMMs is commonly cast in terms of the 'giant-spin model', which assumes a magnetically isolated system spin, and in which fourth-order, and recently, even sixth-order ZFI terms have been found to be required. A special version of the giant-spin model, adopted for scaling-up to system spins of order S ≈ 103-104, has been applied to the ubiquitous iron-storage protein ferritin, which has an internal core containing Fe3+ ions whose individual high spins couple in a way to create a superparamagnet at ambient temperature with very high system spin reminiscent to that of ferromagnetic nanoparticles. This scaled giant-spin model is critically evaluated; limitations and future possibilities are explicitly formulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilfred R Hagen
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Building 58, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
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3
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Scott AG, Galico DA, Bogacz I, Oyala PH, Yano J, Suturina EA, Murugesu M, Agapie T. High-Spin and Reactive Fe 13 Cluster with Exposed Metal Sites. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202313880. [PMID: 37871234 PMCID: PMC10962695 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202313880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Atomically defined large metal clusters have applications in new reaction development and preparation of materials with tailored properties. Expanding the synthetic toolbox for reactive high nuclearity metal complexes, we report a new class of Fe clusters, Tp*4 W4 Fe13 S12 , displaying a Fe13 core with M-M bonds that has precedent only in main group and late metal chemistry. M13 clusters with closed shell electron configurations can show significant stability and have been classified as superatoms. In contrast, Tp*4 W4 Fe13 S12 displays a large spin ground state of S=13. This compound performs small molecule activations involving the transfer of up to 12 electrons resulting in significant cluster rearrangements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna G. Scott
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 (USA)
| | - Diogo Alves Galico
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1 N6 N5 (Canada)
| | - Isabel Bogacz
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley, CA 94720 (USA)
| | - Paul H. Oyala
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 (USA)
| | - Junko Yano
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley, CA 94720 (USA)
| | | | - Muralee Murugesu
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1 N6 N5 (Canada)
| | - Theodor Agapie
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 (USA)
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4
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Singh D, Knight BJ, Catalano VJ, García-Serres R, Maurel V, Mouesca JM, Murray LJ. Partial Deoxygenative CO Homocoupling by a Diiron Complex. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202308813. [PMID: 37594782 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202308813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
One route to address climate change is converting carbon dioxide to synthetic carbon-neutral fuels. Whereas carbon dioxide to CO conversion has precedent in homo- and heterogeneous catalysis, deoxygenative coupling of CO to products with C-C bonds-as in liquid fuels-remains challenging. Here, we report coupling of two CO molecules by a diiron complex. Reduction of Fe2 (CO)2 L (2), where L2- is a bis(β-diketiminate) cyclophane, gives [K(THF)5 ][Fe2 (CO)2 L] (3), which undergoes silylation to Fe2 (CO)(COSiMe3 )L (4). Subsequent C-OSiMe3 bond cleavage and C=C bond formation occurs upon reduction of 4, yielding Fe2 (μ-CCO)L. CO derived ligands in this series mediate weak exchange interactions with the ketenylidene affording the smallest J value, with changes to local metal ion spin states and coupling schemes (ferro- vs. antiferromagnetism) based on DFT calculations, Mössbauer and EPR spectroscopy. Finally, reaction of 5 with KEt3 BH or methanol releases the C2 O2- ligand with retention of the diiron core.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devender Singh
- Center for Catalysis and Florida Center for Heterocyclic Compounds, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Brian J Knight
- Center for Catalysis and Florida Center for Heterocyclic Compounds, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | | | - Ricardo García-Serres
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, IRIG, Laboratoire de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Vincent Maurel
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IRIG, SyMMES, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Jean-Marie Mouesca
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IRIG, SyMMES, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Leslie J Murray
- Center for Catalysis and Florida Center for Heterocyclic Compounds, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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5
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Zhang L, Kozhevnikov A, Schulthess T, Trickey SB, Cheng HP. All-electron APW+lo calculation of magnetic molecules with the SIRIUS domain-specific package. J Chem Phys 2023; 158:234801. [PMID: 37326162 DOI: 10.1063/5.0139497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
We report APW+lo (augmented plane wave plus local orbital) density functional theory (DFT) calculations of large molecular systems using the domain specific SIRIUS multi-functional DFT package. The APW and FLAPW (full potential linearized APW) task and data parallelism options and the advanced eigen-system solver provided by SIRIUS can be exploited for performance gains in ground state Kohn-Sham calculations on large systems. This approach is distinct from our prior use of SIRIUS as a library backend to another APW+lo or FLAPW code. We benchmark the code and demonstrate performance on several magnetic molecule and metal organic framework systems. We show that the SIRIUS package in itself is capable of handling systems as large as a several hundred atoms in the unit cell without having to make technical choices that result in the loss of accuracy with respect to that needed for the study of magnetic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Zhang
- Department of Physics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
- Quantum Theory Project, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
- Center for Molecular Magnetic Quantum Materials, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | | | | | - S B Trickey
- Department of Physics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
- Quantum Theory Project, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
- Center for Molecular Magnetic Quantum Materials, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - Hai-Ping Cheng
- Department of Physics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
- Quantum Theory Project, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
- Center for Molecular Magnetic Quantum Materials, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
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6
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McClain KR, Kwon H, Chakarawet K, Nabi R, Kragskow JGC, Chilton NF, Britt RD, Long JR, Harvey BG. A Trinuclear Gadolinium Cluster with a Three-Center One-Electron Bond and an S = 11 Ground State. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:8996-9002. [PMID: 37068040 PMCID: PMC10141408 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c00182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
The recent discovery of metal-metal bonding and valence delocalization in the dilanthanide complexes (CpiPr5)2Ln2I3 (CpiPr5 = pentaisopropylcyclopentadienyl; Ln = Y, Gd, Tb, Dy) opened up the prospect of harnessing the 4fn5dz21 electron configurations of non-traditional divalent lanthanide ions to access molecules with novel bonding motifs and magnetism. Here, we report the trinuclear mixed-valence clusters (CpiPr5)3Ln3H3I2 (1-Ln, Ln = Y, Gd), which were synthesized via potassium graphite reduction of the trivalent clusters (CpiPr5)3Ln3H3I3. Structural, computational, and spectroscopic analyses support valence delocalization in 1-Ln resulting from a three-center, one-electron σ bond formed from the 4dz2 and 5dz2 orbitals on Y and Gd, respectively. Dc magnetic susceptibility data obtained for 1-Gd reveal that valence delocalization engenders strong parallel alignment of the σ-bonding electron and the 4f electrons of each gadolinium center to afford a high-spin ground state of S = 11. Notably, this represents the first clear instance of metal-metal bonding in a molecular trilanthanide complex, and the large spin-spin exchange constant of J = 168(1) cm-1 determined for 1-Gd is only the second largest coupling constant characterized to date for a molecular lanthanide compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Randall McClain
- Naval Air Warfare Center, Weapons Division, Research Department, Chemistry Division, US Navy, China Lake, California 93555, United States
| | - Hyunchul Kwon
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Khetpakorn Chakarawet
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Rizwan Nabi
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Jon G C Kragskow
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Nicholas F Chilton
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - R David Britt
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Jeffrey R Long
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Benjamin G Harvey
- Naval Air Warfare Center, Weapons Division, Research Department, Chemistry Division, US Navy, China Lake, California 93555, United States
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7
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McWilliams SF, Mercado BQ, MacLeod KC, Fataftah MS, Tarrago M, Wang X, Bill E, Ye S, Holland PL. Dynamic effects on ligand field from rapid hydride motion in an iron(ii) dimer with an S = 3 ground state. Chem Sci 2023; 14:2303-2312. [PMID: 36873832 PMCID: PMC9977447 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc06412j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydride complexes are important in catalysis and in iron-sulfur enzymes like nitrogenase, but the impact of hydride mobility on local iron spin states has been underexplored. We describe studies of a dimeric diiron(ii) hydride complex using X-ray and neutron crystallography, Mössbauer spectroscopy, magnetism, DFT, and ab initio calculations, which give insight into the dynamics and the electronic structure brought about by the hydrides. The two iron sites in the dimer have differing square-planar (intermediate-spin) and tetrahedral (high-spin) iron geometries, which are distinguished only by the hydride positions. These are strongly coupled to give an S total = 3 ground state with substantial magnetic anisotropy, and the merits of both localized and delocalized spin models are discussed. The dynamic nature of the sites is dependent on crystal packing, as shown by changes during a phase transformation that occurs near 160 K. The change in dynamics of the hydride motion leads to insight into its influence on the electronic structure. The accumulated data indicate that the two sites can trade geometries by rotating the hydrides, at a rate that is rapid above the phase transition temperature but slow below it. This small movement of the hydrides causes large changes in the ligand field because they are strong-field ligands. This suggests that hydrides could be useful in catalysis not only due to their reactivity, but also due to their ability to rapidly modulate the local electronic structure and spin states at metal sites.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - K Cory MacLeod
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University New Haven Connecticut USA
| | - Majed S Fataftah
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University New Haven Connecticut USA
| | - Maxime Tarrago
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
| | - Xiaoping Wang
- Neutron Sciences Directorate, Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge Tennessee USA
| | - Eckhard Bill
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
| | - Shengfa Ye
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian China
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8
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Sunada Y, Yamaguchi K, Suzuki K. “Template synthesis” of discrete metal clusters with two- or three-dimensional architectures. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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9
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Korona K, Terlecki M, Justyniak I, Magott M, Żukrowski J, Kornowicz A, Pinkowicz D, Kubas A, Lewiński J. A New Look at Molecular and Electronic Structure of Homoleptic Diiron(II,II) Complexes with
N,N
‐Bidentate Ligands: Combined Experimental and Theoretical Study. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202200620. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202200620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Krzesimir Korona
- Faculty of Chemistry Warsaw University of Technology Noakowskiego 3 00-664 Warsaw Poland
| | - Michał Terlecki
- Faculty of Chemistry Warsaw University of Technology Noakowskiego 3 00-664 Warsaw Poland
| | - Iwona Justyniak
- Institute of Physical Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Michał Magott
- Faculty of Chemistry Jagiellonian University Gronostajowa 2 30-387 Cracow Poland
| | - Jan Żukrowski
- Academic Centre for Materials and Nanotechnology AGH University of Science and Technology Av. A. Mickiewicza 30 30-059 Cracow Poland
| | - Arkadiusz Kornowicz
- Institute of Physical Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Dawid Pinkowicz
- Faculty of Chemistry Jagiellonian University Gronostajowa 2 30-387 Cracow Poland
| | - Adam Kubas
- Institute of Physical Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Janusz Lewiński
- Faculty of Chemistry Warsaw University of Technology Noakowskiego 3 00-664 Warsaw Poland
- Institute of Physical Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
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10
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Hu S, Zhao P, Li B, Yu P, Yang L, Ehara M, Jin P, Akasaka T, Lu X. Cluster-Geometry-Associated Metal-Metal Bonding in Trimetallic Carbide Clusterfullerenes. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:11277-11283. [PMID: 35838171 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c01399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Geometry configurations of the metallic clusters play a significant role in the involved bonding nature. Herein, we report the crystallographic characterization of unprecedented erbium-based trimetallic clusterfullerenes, namely, Er3C2@Ih(7)-C80, in which the inner Er3C2 cluster presents a lifted bat ray configuration with the C2 unit elevated by ∼1.62 Å above the Er3 plane. Within the plane, the Er···Er distances for Er1···Er2, Er1···Er2A, and Er2···Er2A are 3.4051(15), 3.4051(15), and 3.3178(15) Å, respectively, falling into the range of the metal-metal bonding. Density functional theory calculations unveil the three-center-one-electron Er-Er-Er bond in Er3C2@Ih(7)-C80 with one electron shared by three metals, and thus, its exceptional electronic structure can be expressed as (Er3)8+(C2)2-@C806-. Interestingly, with the further observation on the geometry configurations of the encapsulated clusters in M3C2@C2n (M = Sc, Y, and Lu) series, we find that the lifted bat ray configuration of the inner cluster is explicitly associated with the formation of the bonding interactions between the inner metals. This finding provides insights into the nature of metal-metal bonding and gives guidelines for the design of the single-molecule magnet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaifeng Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Pei Zhao
- Research Center for Computational Science, Institute for Molecular Science, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan.,Elements Strategy Initiative for Catalysts and Batteries (ESICB), Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8520, Japan
| | - Bo Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
| | - Pengwei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Le Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
| | - Masahiro Ehara
- Research Center for Computational Science, Institute for Molecular Science, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan.,Elements Strategy Initiative for Catalysts and Batteries (ESICB), Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8520, Japan
| | - Peng Jin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
| | - Takeshi Akasaka
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xing Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, China
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11
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Hertler PR, Kautzsch L, Touchton AJ, Wu G, Hayton TW. Metal-Metal-Bonded Fe 4 Clusters with Slow Magnetic Relaxation. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:9997-10005. [PMID: 35709487 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c00865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Reaction of FeBr2 with Li(N═CtBu2) (0.5 equiv) and Zn0 (2 equiv) results in the formation of the formally mixed-valent cluster [Fe4Br2(N═CtBu2)4] (1) in moderate yield. The subsequent reaction of 1 with Na(N═CtBu2) results in formation of [Fe4Br(N═CtBu2)5] (2), also in moderate yield. Both 1 and 2 were characterized by zero-field 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy, X-ray crystallography, and superconducting quantum interference device magnetometry. Their tetrahedral [Fe4]6+ cores feature short Fe-Fe interactions (ca. 2.50 Å). Additionally, both 1 and 2 display S = 7 ground states at room temperature and slow magnetic relaxation with zero-field relaxation barriers of Ueff = 14.7(4) and 15.6(7) cm-1, respectively. Moreover, AC magnetic susceptibility measurements were well modeled by assuming an Orbach relaxation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phoebe R Hertler
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Linus Kautzsch
- Materials Department and Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Alexander J Touchton
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Guang Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Trevor W Hayton
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
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12
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Bista D, Aydt AP, Anderton KJ, Paley DW, Betley TA, Reber AC, Chauhan V, Bartholomew AK, Roy X, Khanna SN. High-Spin Superatom Stabilized by Dual Subshell Filling. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:5172-5179. [PMID: 35289175 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c00731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Quantum confinement in small symmetric clusters leads to the bunching of electronic states into closely packed shells, enabling the classification of clusters with well-defined valences as superatoms. Like atoms, superatomic clusters with filled shells exhibit enhanced electronic stability. Here, we show that octahedral transition-metal chalcogenide clusters can achieve filled shell electronic configurations when they have 100 valence electrons in 50 orbitals or 114 valence electrons in 57 orbitals. While these stable clusters are intrinsically diamagnetic, we use our understanding of their electronic structures to theoretically predict that a cluster with 107 valence electrons would uniquely combine high stability and high-spin magnetic moment, attained by filling a majority subshell of 57 electrons and a minority subshell of 50 electrons. We experimentally demonstrate this predicted stability, high-spin magnetic moment (S = 7/2), and fully delocalized electronic structure in a new cluster, [NEt4]5[Fe6S8(CN)6]. This work presents the first computational and experimental demonstration of the importance of dual subshell filling in transition-metal chalcogenide clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh Bista
- Department of Physics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23220, United States
| | - Alexander P Aydt
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Kevin J Anderton
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Daniel W Paley
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Theodore A Betley
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Arthur C Reber
- Department of Physics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23220, United States
| | - Vikas Chauhan
- Department of Physics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23220, United States
| | | | - Xavier Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Shiv N Khanna
- Department of Physics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23220, United States
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13
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Gould CA, McClain KR, Reta D, Kragskow JGC, Marchiori DA, Lachman E, Choi ES, Analytis JG, Britt RD, Chilton NF, Harvey BG, Long JR. Ultrahard magnetism from mixed-valence dilanthanide complexes with metal-metal bonding. Science 2022; 375:198-202. [PMID: 35025637 DOI: 10.1126/science.abl5470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 93.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic effects of lanthanide bonding Lanthanide coordination compounds have attracted attention for their persistent magnetic properties near liquid nitrogen temperature, well above alternative molecular magnets. Gould et al. report that introducing metal-metal bonding can enhance coercivity. Reduction of iodide-bridged terbium or dysprosium dimers resulted in a single electron bond between the metals, which enforced alignment of the other valence electrons. The resultant coercive fields exceeded 14 tesla below 50 and 60 kelvin for the terbium and dysprosium compounds, respectively. —JSY
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin A Gould
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - K Randall McClain
- US Navy, Naval Air Warfare Center, Weapons Division, Research Department, Chemistry Division, China Lake, CA 93555, USA
| | - Daniel Reta
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9 PL, UK
| | - Jon G C Kragskow
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9 PL, UK
| | - David A Marchiori
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Ella Lachman
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.,Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Eun-Sang Choi
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA
| | - James G Analytis
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.,Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - R David Britt
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Nicholas F Chilton
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9 PL, UK
| | - Benjamin G Harvey
- US Navy, Naval Air Warfare Center, Weapons Division, Research Department, Chemistry Division, China Lake, CA 93555, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Long
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.,Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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14
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Srinivasan A, Musgrave RA, Rouzières M, Clérac R, McGrady JE, Hillard EA. A linear metal-metal bonded tri-iron single-molecule magnet. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:13357-13360. [PMID: 34821230 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc05043e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The linear trinuclear complex cation [Fe3(DpyF)4]2+ was prepared as [Fe3(DpyF)4](BF4)2·2CH3CN. With large Fe-Fe distances of 2.78 Å, this complex demonstrates intramolecular ferromagnetic coupling between the anisotropic FeII centers (J/kB = +20.9(5) K) giving an ST = 6 ground state and exhibits single-molecule magnet properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anandi Srinivasan
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal, UMR 5031, Pessac, F-33600, France.
| | - Rebecca A Musgrave
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal, UMR 5031, Pessac, F-33600, France.
| | - Mathieu Rouzières
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal, UMR 5031, Pessac, F-33600, France.
| | - Rodolphe Clérac
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal, UMR 5031, Pessac, F-33600, France.
| | - John E McGrady
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QZ, UK
| | - Elizabeth A Hillard
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal, UMR 5031, Pessac, F-33600, France.
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15
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Alvarez S. From polygons to polyhedra through intermediate structures. A shape measures study of six-atom inorganic rings and clusters. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:17101-17119. [PMID: 34779451 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt03039f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Among the wealth of well-established molecular structures, inorganic rings and clusters present an overwhelming variety of geometries that chemists try to describe with a limited assortment of regular polygons and polyhedra. In the case of six-atom structures we usually employ the hexagon, the pentagonal pyramid, the trigonal prism and the octahedron. More often than not, however, real world structures deviate from those ideal geometries, and we try to cope with non-ideality by adding adjectives such as distorted, twisted, puckered or flattened, additionally nuanced by adverbs such as slightly, significantly or severely. This contribution presents a systematic structural perspective of six-atom groups in molecules by means of a continuous shape measures (CShM) analysis. The shape of a group of N points is defined by all the sets of 3 N Cartesian coordinates that can be generated by rigid translation, rotation, or isotropic scale change. Among all possible arrangements of N points in space, we select as reference shapes the corresponding regular N-vertex polygons and polyhedra, together with univocally defined combinations thereof (e.g., two coplanar or perpendicular edge-sharing squares). The present CShM study allows us to classify most of the structures not only by their closeness to a particular regular shape, but also by quantifying their position along minimal distortion interconversion pathways between two regular shapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Alvarez
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Secció de Química Inorgànica and Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès, 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
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16
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Nicolini A, Affronte M, SantaLucia DJ, Borsari M, Cahier B, Caleffi M, Ranieri A, Berry JF, Cornia A. Tetrairon(II) extended metal atom chains as single-molecule magnets. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:7571-7589. [PMID: 33983354 PMCID: PMC8214398 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt01007g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Iron-based extended metal atom chains (EMACs) are potentially high-spin molecules with axial magnetic anisotropy and thus candidate single-molecule magnets (SMMs). We herein compare the tetrairon(ii), halide-capped complexes [Fe4(tpda)3Cl2] (1Cl) and [Fe4(tpda)3Br2] (1Br), obtained by reacting iron(ii) dihalides with [Fe2(Mes)4] and N2,N6-di(pyridin-2-yl)pyridine-2,6-diamine (H2tpda) in toluene, under strictly anhydrous and anaerobic conditions (HMes = mesitylene). Detailed structural, electrochemical and Mössbauer data are presented along with direct-current (DC) and alternating-current (AC) magnetic characterizations. DC measurements revealed similar static magnetic properties for the two derivatives, with χMT at room temperature above that for independent spin carriers, but much lower at low temperature. The electronic structure of the iron(ii) ions in each derivative was explored by ab initio (CASSCF-NEVPT2-SO) calculations, which showed that the main magnetic axis of all metals is directed close to the axis of the chain. The outer metals, Fe1 and Fe4, have an easy-axis magnetic anisotropy (D = -11 to -19 cm-1, |E/D| = 0.05-0.18), while the internal metals, Fe2 and Fe3, possess weaker hard-axis anisotropy (D = 8-10 cm-1, |E/D| = 0.06-0.21). These single-ion parameters were held constant in the fitting of DC magnetic data, which revealed ferromagnetic Fe1-Fe2 and Fe3-Fe4 interactions and antiferromagnetic Fe2-Fe3 coupling. The competition between super-exchange interactions and the large, noncollinear anisotropies at metal sites results in a weakly magnetic non-Kramers doublet ground state. This explains the SMM behavior displayed by both derivatives in the AC susceptibility data, with slow magnetic relaxation in 1Br being observable even in zero static field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Nicolini
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia & INSTM, I-41125 Modena, Italy. and Department of Physics, Informatics and Mathematics, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, I-41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Marco Affronte
- Department of Physics, Informatics and Mathematics, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, I-41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Daniel J SantaLucia
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Marco Borsari
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia & INSTM, I-41125 Modena, Italy.
| | - Benjamin Cahier
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Matteo Caleffi
- Department of Physics, Informatics and Mathematics, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, I-41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Antonio Ranieri
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, I-41125 Modena, Italy
| | - John F Berry
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Andrea Cornia
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia & INSTM, I-41125 Modena, Italy.
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17
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Nehrkorn J, Greer SM, Malbrecht BJ, Anderton KJ, Aliabadi A, Krzystek J, Schnegg A, Holldack K, Herrmann C, Betley TA, Stoll S, Hill S. Spectroscopic Investigation of a Metal-Metal-Bonded Fe 6 Single-Molecule Magnet with an Isolated S = 19/ 2 Giant-Spin Ground State. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:4610-4622. [PMID: 33683105 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c03595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The metal-metal-bonded molecule [Bu4N][(HL)2Fe6(dmf)2] (Fe6) was previously shown to possess a thermally isolated spin S = 19/2 ground state and found to exhibit slow magnetization relaxation below a blocking temperature of ∼5 K [J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2015, 137, 13949-13956]. Here, we present a comprehensive spectroscopic investigation of this unique single-molecule magnet (SMM), combining ultrawideband field-swept high-field electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) with frequency-domain Fourier-transform terahertz EPR to accurately quantify the spin Hamiltonian parameters of Fe6. Of particular importance is the near absence of a 4th-order axial zero-field splitting term, which is known to arise because of quantum mechanical mixing of spin states on account of the relatively weak spin-spin (superexchange) interactions in traditional polynuclear SMMs such as the celebrated Mn12-acetate. The combined high-resolution measurements on both powder samples and an oriented single crystal provide a quantitative measure of the isolated nature of the spin ground state in the Fe6 molecule, as well as additional microscopic insights into factors that govern the quantum tunneling of its magnetization. This work suggests strategies for improving the performance of polynuclear SMMs featuring direct metal-metal bonds and strong ferromagnetic spin-spin (exchange) interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joscha Nehrkorn
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Institute for Inorganic and Applied Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, 20146 Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Box 351700, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States.,Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstraße 34-36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Samuel M Greer
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Brian J Malbrecht
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Kevin J Anderton
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Azar Aliabadi
- Berlin Joint EPR Laboratory, Institut für Nanospektroskopie, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Kekuléstraße 5, Berlin 12489, Germany
| | - J Krzystek
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
| | - Alexander Schnegg
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstraße 34-36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany.,Berlin Joint EPR Laboratory, Institut für Nanospektroskopie, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Kekuléstraße 5, Berlin 12489, Germany
| | - Karsten Holldack
- Institut für Methoden und Instrumentierung der Forschung mit Synchrotronstrahlung, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialen und Energie, Albert-Einstein-Straße 15, Berlin 12489, Germany
| | - Carmen Herrmann
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Inorganic and Applied Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Theodore A Betley
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Stefan Stoll
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Box 351700, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Stephen Hill
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States.,Department of Physics, Florida State University, Tallahassee 32306, Florida, United States
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18
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Greer SM, Gramigna KM, Thomas CM, Stoian SA, Hill S. Insights into Molecular Magnetism in Metal-Metal Bonded Systems as Revealed by a Spectroscopic and Computational Analysis of Diiron Complexes. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:18141-18155. [PMID: 33253552 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c02605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A pair of bimetallic compounds featuring Fe-Fe bonds, [Fe(iPrNPPh2)3FeR] (R = PMe3, ≡NtBu), have been investigated using High-Frequency Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (HFEPR) as well as field- and temperature-dependent 57Fe nuclear γ resonance (Mössbauer) spectroscopy. To gain insight into the local site electronic structure, we have concurrently studied a compound containing a single Fe(II) in a geometry analogous to that of one of the dimer sites. Our spectroscopic studies have allowed for the assessment of the electronic structure via the determination of the zero-field splitting and 57Fe hyperfine parameters for the entire series. We also report on our efforts to correlate structure with physical properties in metal-metal bonded systems using ligand field theory guided by quantum chemical calculations. Through the insight gained in this study, we discuss strategies for the design of single-molecule magnets based on polymetallic compounds linked via direct metal-metal bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel M Greer
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Kathryn M Gramigna
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts 02453, United States
| | - Christine M Thomas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Sebastian A Stoian
- Department of Chemistry, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho 83844, United States
| | - Stephen Hill
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States.,Department of Physics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
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19
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Chakarawet K, Atanasov M, Marbey J, Bunting PC, Neese F, Hill S, Long JR. Strong Electronic and Magnetic Coupling in M 4 (M = Ni, Cu) Clusters via Direct Orbital Interactions between Low-Coordinate Metal Centers. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:19161-19169. [PMID: 33111523 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c08460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We present an extensive study of tetranuclear transition-metal cluster compounds M4(NPtBu3)4 and [M4(NPtBu3)4][B(C6F5)4] (M = Ni, Cu; tBu = tert-butyl), which feature low-coordinate metal centers and direct metal-metal orbital overlap. X-ray diffraction, electrochemical, magnetic, spectroscopic, and computational analysis elucidate the nature of the bonding interactions in these clusters and the impact of these interactions on the electronic and magnetic properties. Direct orbital overlap results in strongly coupled, large-spin ground states in the [Ni4(NPtBu3)4]+/0 clusters and fully delocalized, spin-correlated electrons. Correlated electronic structure calculations confirm the presence of ferromagnetic ground states that arise from direct exchange between magnetic orbitals, and, in the case of the neutral cluster, itinerant electron magnetism similar to that in metallic ferromagnets. The cationic nickel cluster also possesses large magnetic anisotropy exemplified by a large, positive axial zero-field splitting parameter of D = +7.95 or +9.2 cm-1, as determined by magnetometry or electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, respectively. The [Ni4(NPtBu3)4]+ cluster is also the first molecule with easy-plane magnetic anisotropy to exhibit zero-field slow magnetic relaxation, and under a small applied field, it exhibits relaxation exclusively through an Orbach mechanism with a spin relaxation barrier of 16 cm-1. The S = 1/2 complex [Cu4(NPtBu3)4]+ exhibits slow magnetic relaxation via a Raman process on the millisecond time scale, supporting the presence of slow relaxation via an Orbach process in the nickel analogue. Overall, this work highlights the unique electronic and magnetic properties that can be realized in metal clusters featuring direct metal-metal orbital interactions between low-coordinate metal centers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mihail Atanasov
- Max-Planck Institut für Kohlenforschung, Mülheim an der Ruhr D-45470, Germany.,Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Science, Akad. Georgi Bontchev, Street 11, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Jonathan Marbey
- Department of Physics and National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, 1800 East Paul Dirac Drive, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
| | | | - Frank Neese
- Max-Planck Institut für Kohlenforschung, Mülheim an der Ruhr D-45470, Germany
| | - Stephen Hill
- Department of Physics and National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, 1800 East Paul Dirac Drive, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
| | - Jeffrey R Long
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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20
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing Jiangsu 210023 China
| | - Xin‐Yi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing Jiangsu 210023 China
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21
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Kephart JA, Hecht Z, Livesay BN, Bhowmick I, Shores MP, Popescu VC, Arulsamy N, Hulley EB. Self-assembly of an organometallic Fe 9O 6 cluster from aerobic oxidation of (tmeda)Fe(CH 2tBu) 2. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:4994-4997. [PMID: 32239066 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc00011f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Aerobic oxidation of (tmeda)Fe(CH2tBu)2 in toluene or THF solution leads to the self-assembly of a magic-sized all-ferrous oxide cluster containing the Fe9O6 subunit and bearing organometallic and diamine ligands. Mössbauer studies of the cluster are consistent with an all-ferrous assignment and magnetometry reveals complex intracluster and intercluster magnetic interactions.
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22
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Toniolo D, Scopelliti R, Zivkovic I, Mazzanti M. Assembly of High-Spin [Fe 3] Clusters by Ligand-Based Multielectron Reduction. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:7301-7305. [PMID: 32248681 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c01664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The hexanuclear [Na12Fe6(tris-cyclo-salophen)2(THF)14], 1-THF, and the trinuclear [Na6Fe3(tris-cyclo-salophen)(py)9], 1-py, Fe(II) clusters can be easily assembled in one step from the ligand-based reduction of the [FeII(salophen)(THF)] complex. These complexes consist of triangular cores where three Fe(II) ions are held together, within range of bonding interaction, by the hexa-amide, hexaphenolate macrocyclic ligand tris-cyclo-salophen12-. The tris-cyclo-salophen12- ligand is perfectly suited for binding three Fe(II) centers at short distances, allowing for strong magnetic coupling between the Fe(II) centers. The macrocyclic ligand is generated by the reductive coupling of the imino groups of three salophen ligands, resulting in three new C-C bonds. The six electrons stored in the ligand become available for the reduction of carbon dioxide with selective formation of carbonate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Toniolo
- Insititut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Rosario Scopelliti
- Insititut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ivica Zivkovic
- Laboratory for Quantum Magnetism, Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marinella Mazzanti
- Insititut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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23
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Cook AW, Bocarsly JD, Lewis RA, Touchton AJ, Morochnik S, Hayton TW. An iron ketimide single-molecule magnet [Fe 4(N[double bond, length as m-dash]CPh 2) 6] with suppressed through-barrier relaxation. Chem Sci 2020; 11:4753-4757. [PMID: 34122931 PMCID: PMC8159258 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc01578d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Reaction of FeBr2 with 1.5 equiv. of LiN[double bond, length as m-dash]CPh2 and 2 equiv. of Zn, in THF, results in the formation of the tetrametallic iron ketimide cluster [Fe4(N[double bond, length as m-dash]CPh2)6] (1) in moderate yield. Formally, two Fe centers in 1 are Fe(i) and two are Fe(ii); however, Mössbauer spectroscopy and SQUID magnetometry suggests that the [Fe4]6+ core of 1 exhibits complete valence electron delocalization, with a thermally-persistent spin ground state of S = 7. AC and DC SQUID magnetometry reveals the presence of slow magnetic relaxation in 1, indicative of single-molecule magnetic (SMM) behaviour with a relaxation barrier of U eff = 29 cm-1. Remarkably, very little quantum tunnelling or Raman relaxation is observed down to 1.8 K, which leads to an open hysteresis loop and long relaxation times (up to 34 s at 1.8 K and zero field and 440 s at 1.67 kOe). These results suggest that transition metal ketimide clusters represent a promising avenue to create long-lifetime single molecule magnets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew W Cook
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Barbara California 93106 USA
| | - Joshua D Bocarsly
- Materials Department and Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara Santa Barbara California 93106 USA
| | - Richard A Lewis
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Barbara California 93106 USA
| | - Alexander J Touchton
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Barbara California 93106 USA
| | - Simona Morochnik
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Barbara California 93106 USA
| | - Trevor W Hayton
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Barbara California 93106 USA
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24
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Tripathi S, Vaidya S, Ansari KU, Ahmed N, Rivière E, Spillecke L, Koo C, Klingeler R, Mallah T, Rajaraman G, Shanmugam M. Influence of a Counteranion on the Zero-Field Splitting of Tetrahedral Cobalt(II) Thiourea Complexes. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:9085-9100. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b00632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shalini Tripathi
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, India
| | - Shefali Vaidya
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, India
| | - Kamal Uddin Ansari
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, India
| | - Naushad Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, India
| | - Eric Rivière
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d’Orsay, CNRS, Université Paris Sud, Université Paris Saclay, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | | | | | | | - Talal Mallah
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d’Orsay, CNRS, Université Paris Sud, Université Paris Saclay, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Gopalan Rajaraman
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, India
| | - Maheswaran Shanmugam
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, India
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25
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Barman SK, Cano J, Lloret F, Mukherjee R. Single-Molecule-Magnet FeII4FeIII2 and Antiferromagnetic FeIII4 Coordination Clusters. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:8086-8099. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b00828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Suman K. Barman
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208 016, India
| | - Joan Cano
- Departament de Química, Inorgànica/Instituto de Ciencia Molecular (ICMOL), Universitat de València, Polígono de
la Coma, s/n, 46980 Paterna (València), Spain
| | - Francesc Lloret
- Departament de Química, Inorgànica/Instituto de Ciencia Molecular (ICMOL), Universitat de València, Polígono de
la Coma, s/n, 46980 Paterna (València), Spain
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26
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Abstract
Multimetallic cofactors supported by weak-field donors frequently function as reaction centers in metalloproteins, and many of these cofactors catalyze small molecule activation (e.g., N2, O2, CO2) with prominent roles in geochemical element cycles or detoxification. Notable examples include the iron-molybdenum cofactor of the molybdenum-dependent nitrogenases, which catalyze N2 fixation, and the NiFe4S4 cluster and the Mo(O)SCu site in various carbon monoxide dehydrogenases. The prevailing proposed reaction mechanisms for these multimetallic cofactors relies on a cooperative pathway, in which the oxidation state changes are distributed over the aggregate coupled with orbital overlap between the substrate and more than one metal ion within the cluster. Such cooperativity has also been proposed for chemical transformations at the surfaces of heterogeneous catalysts. However, the design details that afford cooperative effects and allow such reactivity to be harnessed effectively in homogeneous synthetic systems remain unclear. Relatedly, hydride donors ligated to these metal cluster cofactors are suggested as precursors to the state that reacts with substrates; here too, however, the reactivity of hydride-decorated clusters supported by weak-field ligands is underexplored. Inspired by the reactivity potential of multimetallic assemblies evidenced in biological systems, approaches to design, synthesize, and evaluate reactivity of polynuclear metal compounds have been actively explored. In a similar vein to the templating function afforded by enzyme active sites, a carefully engineered organic ligand can be employed to control metal nuclearity of the complex and the local coordination environment of each metal center. This Account presents our efforts within this field, beginning with ligand design considerations followed by a survey of observed small molecule activation by trimetallic cyclophanates. We highlight the distinct reactivity outcomes accessed by multimetallic compounds as compared to aggregates that assemble in reaction mixtures from monometallic precursors. Contributing to the opportunity for programmed cooperativity in these designed multimetallic compounds, the cyclophane also dictates the orientation of substrate binding and metal-substrate interactions, which has a prominent influence on reactivity. For example, the dinitrogen-tricopper(I) cyclophanate reacts with dioxygen with markedly different results as compared to monocopper compounds. As an unexpected outcome, one series of tricopper compounds were discovered to be competent catalysts for carbon dioxide reduction to oxalate-a formally one-electron process-hinting at an inherently broader reaction scope for weak-field clusters at lowering the barrier for one-electron pathways as well as multielectron redox transformations. Further reflecting the role of the ligand in tuning reactivity, the trimetallic trihydride cluster compounds, [M3(μ-H)3]3+ (M = FeII, CoII, ZnII), demonstrate substrate specificity for CO2 over various other unsaturated molecules and surprising stability toward water. This series reflects the role of the local environment of a shallow ligand pocket to control substrate access. Summed together, the systems described here evidence the anticipated cooperative reactivity accessed in designed multimetallic species vs self-assembled monometallic systems (e.g., O2 activation and O atom transfer) as well as control of substrate access by seemingly subtle structural effects. Indeed, future efforts aim to interrogate the limits of cooperativity in these systems as well as the role of ligand dynamics and sterics on reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo B. Ferreira
- Center for Catalysis and Florida Center for Heterocyclic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Leslie J. Murray
- Center for Catalysis and Florida Center for Heterocyclic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
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Shimamoto K, Sunada Y. Dimensionality Expansion of a Butterfly Shaped Pd 4 Framework: Constructing Edge-Sharing Pd 6 Tetrahedra. Chemistry 2019; 25:3761-3765. [PMID: 30762905 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201805678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The construction of well-defined transition-metal clusters has attracted substantial attention due to their unique chemical and/or physical properties. Metal clusters with 1D or 2D structures are now accessible by template-synthesis methods, in which multiple metal atoms are arranged with the aid of template molecules and their 1D or 2D structures. However, the rational synthesis of 3D clusters remains challenging, mostly due to a lack of appropriate template molecules. Herein, we report the rational synthesis of a 2D butterfly shaped Pd4 framework (2) and 3D edge-sharing Pd6 tetrahedra (5) by treatment of easily available organosilicon compounds with Pd(CNtBu)2 . The diphenylsilylene moiety thereby serves as the key component to generate the butterfly structure of the Pd4 clusters in 2. A dimensionality expansion, induced by two Cl atoms, of two butterfly shaped Pd4 subunits supported by two diphenylsilylene moieties afforded the edge-sharing tetrahedral architecture of the Pd6 cluster in 5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kento Shimamoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Sunada
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Meguro-ku, Komaba, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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28
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Chen Z, Yu S, Wang R, Li B, Yin B, Liu D, Liang Y, Yao D, Liang F. Three Dy(iii) single-ion magnets bearing the tropolone ligand: structure, magnetic properties and theoretical elucidation. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:6627-6637. [DOI: 10.1039/c9dt00364a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Three Dy(iii) SIMs bearing the tropolone ligand are reported here with the tuning effect on their performances by ancillary ligands revealed via experimental magnetic investigations and theoretical calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zilu Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Guangxi Normal University
- Guilin 541004
- P. R. China
| | - Shui Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Guangxi Normal University
- Guilin 541004
- P. R. China
| | - Rongdong Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Guangxi Normal University
- Guilin 541004
- P. R. China
| | - Bo Li
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Nanyang Normal University
- Nanyang 473061
- P. R. China
| | - Bing Yin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Northwest University
- Xian
- P. R. China
| | - Dongcheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Guangxi Normal University
- Guilin 541004
- P. R. China
| | - Yuning Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Guangxi Normal University
- Guilin 541004
- P. R. China
| | - Di Yao
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Guangxi Normal University
- Guilin 541004
- P. R. China
| | - Fupei Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Guangxi Normal University
- Guilin 541004
- P. R. China
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29
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Sánchez RH, Betley TA. Thermally Persistent High-Spin Ground States in Octahedral Iron Clusters. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:16792-16806. [PMID: 30403845 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b10181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Chemical oxidation and reduction of the all-ferrous (HL)2Fe6 in THF affords isostructural, coordinatively unsaturated clusters of the type [(HL)2Fe6] n: [(HL)2Fe6][BArF24] (1, n = +1; where [BArF24]- = tetrakis[(3,5-trifluoromethyl)phenyl]borate), [Bu4N][(HL)2Fe6] (2a, n = -1), [P][(HL)2Fe6] (2b, n = -1; where [P]+ = tributyl(1,3-dioxolan-2-ylmethyl)phosphonium), and [Bu4N]2[(HL)2Fe6] (3, n = -2). Each member of the redox-transfer series was characterized by zero-field 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy, near-infrared spectroscopy, single-crystal X-ray crystallography, and magnetometry. Redox-directed trends are observed when comparing the structural metrics within the [Fe6] core. The metal octahedron [Fe6] decreases marginally in volume as the molecular reduction state increases as gauged by the Fe-Feavg distance varying from 2.608(11) Å ( n = +1) to 2.573(3) ( n = -2). In contrast, the mean Fe-N distances and ∠Fe-N-Fe angles correlate linearly with the [Fe6] oxidation level, or alternatively, the changes observed within the local Fe-N4 coordination planes vary linearly with the aggregate spin ground state. In general, as the spin ground state ( S) increases, the Fe-N(H)avg distances also increase. The structural metric perturbations within the [Fe6] core and measured spin ground states were rationalized extending the previously proposed molecular orbital diagram derived for (HL)2Fe6. Chemical reduction of the (HL)2Fe6 cluster results in an abrupt increase in spin ground state from S = 6 for the all-ferrous cluster, to S = 19/2 in the monoanionic 2b and S = 11 for the dianionic 3. The observation of asymmetric intervalence charge transfer bands in 3 provides further evidence of the fully delocalized ground state observed by 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy for all species examined (1-3). For each of the clusters examined within the electron-transfer series, the observed spin ground states thermally persist to 300 K. In particular, the S = 11 in dianionic 3 and S = 19/2 in the monoanionic 2b represent the highest spin ground states isolated up to room temperature known to date. The increase in spin ground state results from population of the antibonding orbital band comprised of the Fe-N σ* interactions. As such, the thermally persistent ground states arise from population of the resultant single spin manifolds in accordance with Hund's rules. The large spin ground states, indicative of strong ferromagnetic electronic alignment of the valence electrons, result from strong direct exchange electronic coupling mediated by Fe-Fe orbital overlap within the [Fe6] cores, equivalent to a strong double exchange magnetic coupling B for 3 that was calculated to be 309 cm-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raúl Hernández Sánchez
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , Harvard University , 12 Oxford Street , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02138 , United States
| | - Theodore A Betley
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , Harvard University , 12 Oxford Street , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02138 , United States
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30
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Hernández Sánchez R, Champsaur AM, Choi B, Wang SG, Bu W, Roy X, Chen Y, Steigerwald ML, Nuckolls C, Paley DW. Electron Cartography in Clusters. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201806426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bonnie Choi
- Department of Chemistry Columbia University New York NY 10027 USA
| | | | - Wei Bu
- ChemMatCARS The University of Chicago Argonne IL 60439 USA
| | - Xavier Roy
- Department of Chemistry Columbia University New York NY 10027 USA
| | - Yu‐Sheng Chen
- ChemMatCARS The University of Chicago Argonne IL 60439 USA
| | | | - Colin Nuckolls
- Department of Chemistry Columbia University New York NY 10027 USA
| | - Daniel W. Paley
- Department of Chemistry Columbia University New York NY 10027 USA
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31
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32
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Greer SM, McKay J, Gramigna KM, Thomas CM, Stoian SA, Hill S. Probing Fe-V Bonding in a C 3-Symmetric Heterobimetallic Complex. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:5870-5878. [PMID: 29708752 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b00280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Direct metal-metal bonding of two distinct first-row transition metals remains relatively unexplored compared to their second- and third-row heterobimetallic counterparts. Herein, a recently reported Fe-V triply bonded species, [V( iPrNPPh2)3FeI] (1; Kuppuswamy, S.; Powers, T. M.; Krogman, J. P.; Bezpalko, M. W.; Foxman, B. M.; Thomas, C. M. Vanadium-iron complexes featuring metal-metal multiple bonds. Chem. Sci. 2013, 4, 3557-3565), is investigated using high-frequency electron paramagnetic resonance, field- and temperature-dependent 57Fe nuclear gamma resonance (Mössbauer) spectroscopy, and high-field electron-electron double resonance detected nuclear magnetic resonance. From the use of this suite of physical methods, we have assessed the electronic structure of 1. These studies allow us to establish the effective g̃ tensors as well as the Fe/V electro-nuclear hyperfine interaction tensors of the spin S = 1/2 ground state. We have rationalized these tensors in the context of ligand field theory supported by quantum chemical calculations. This theoretical analysis suggests that the S = 1/2 ground state originates from a single unpaired electron predominately localized on the Fe site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel M Greer
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory , Florida State University , Tallahassee , Florida 32310 , United States.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Florida State University , Tallahassee , Florida 32306 , United States
| | - Johannes McKay
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory , Florida State University , Tallahassee , Florida 32310 , United States
| | - Kathryn M Gramigna
- Department of Chemistry , Brandeis University , Waltham , Massachusetts 02453 , United States
| | - Christine M Thomas
- Department of Chemistry , Brandeis University , Waltham , Massachusetts 02453 , United States.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , The Ohio State University , Columbus , Ohio 43210 , United States
| | - Sebastian A Stoian
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory , Florida State University , Tallahassee , Florida 32310 , United States.,Department of Chemistry , University of Idaho , Moscow , Idaho 83844 , United States
| | - Stephen Hill
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory , Florida State University , Tallahassee , Florida 32310 , United States.,Department of Physics , Florida State University , Tallahassee , Florida 32306 , United States
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33
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Nicolini A, Galavotti R, Barra AL, Borsari M, Caleffi M, Luo G, Novitchi G, Park K, Ranieri A, Rigamonti L, Roncaglia F, Train C, Cornia A. Filling the Gap in Extended Metal Atom Chains: Ferromagnetic Interactions in a Tetrairon(II) String Supported by Oligo-α-pyridylamido Ligands. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:5438-5448. [PMID: 29668273 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b00405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The stringlike complex [Fe4(tpda)3Cl2] (2; H2tpda = N2, N6-bis(pyridin-2-yl)pyridine-2,6-diamine) was obtained as the first homometallic extended metal atom chain based on iron(II) and oligo-α-pyridylamido ligands. The synthesis was performed under strictly anaerobic and anhydrous conditions using dimesityliron, [Fe2(Mes)4] (1; HMes = mesitylene), as both an iron source and a deprotonating agent for H2tpda. The four lined-up iron(II) ions in the structure of 2 (Fe···Fe = 2.94-2.99 Å, Fe···Fe···Fe = 171.7-168.8°) are wrapped by three doubly deprotonated twisted ligands, and the chain is capped at its termini by two chloride ions. The spectroscopic and electronic properties of 2 were investigated in dichloromethane by UV-vis-NIR absorption spectroscopy, 1H NMR spectroscopy, and cyclic voltammetry. The electrochemical measurements showed four fully resolved, quasi-reversible one-electron-redox processes, implying that 2 can adopt five oxidation states in a potential window of only 0.8 V. Direct current (dc) magnetic measurements indicate dominant ferromagnetic coupling at room temperature, although the ground state is only weakly magnetic. On the basis of density functional theory and angular overlap model calculations, this magnetic behavior was explained as being due to two pairs of ferromagnetically coupled iron(II) ions ( J = -21 cm-1 using JŜ i·Ŝ j convention) weakly antiferromagnetically coupled with each other. Alternating-current susceptibility data in the presence of a 2 kOe dc field and at frequencies up to 1.5 kHz revealed the onset of slow magnetic relaxation below 2.8 K, with the estimated energy barrier Ueff/ kB = 10.1(1.3) K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Nicolini
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences , University of Modena and Reggio Emilia & INSTM , I-41125 Modena , Italy.,Department of Physics, Informatics and Mathematics , University of Modena and Reggio Emilia , I-41125 Modena , Italy
| | - Rita Galavotti
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences , University of Modena and Reggio Emilia & INSTM , I-41125 Modena , Italy
| | - Anne-Laure Barra
- Laboratoire National des Champs Magnétiques Intenses-CNRS , Université Grenoble-Alpes , F-38042 Grenoble Cedex 9 , France
| | - Marco Borsari
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences , University of Modena and Reggio Emilia & INSTM , I-41125 Modena , Italy
| | - Matteo Caleffi
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences , University of Modena and Reggio Emilia & INSTM , I-41125 Modena , Italy
| | - Guangpu Luo
- Department of Physics , Virginia Tech , Blacksburg , Virginia 24061 , United States
| | - Ghenadie Novitchi
- Laboratoire National des Champs Magnétiques Intenses-CNRS , Université Grenoble-Alpes , F-38042 Grenoble Cedex 9 , France
| | - Kyungwha Park
- Department of Physics , Virginia Tech , Blacksburg , Virginia 24061 , United States
| | - Antonio Ranieri
- Department of Life Sciences , University of Modena and Reggio Emilia , I-41125 Modena , Italy
| | - Luca Rigamonti
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences , University of Modena and Reggio Emilia & INSTM , I-41125 Modena , Italy
| | - Fabrizio Roncaglia
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences , University of Modena and Reggio Emilia & INSTM , I-41125 Modena , Italy
| | - Cyrille Train
- Laboratoire National des Champs Magnétiques Intenses-CNRS , Université Grenoble-Alpes , F-38042 Grenoble Cedex 9 , France
| | - Andrea Cornia
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences , University of Modena and Reggio Emilia & INSTM , I-41125 Modena , Italy
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34
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Voevodin A, Campos LM, Roy X. Multifunctional Vesicles from a Self-assembled Cluster-Containing Diblock Copolymer. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:5607-5611. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b02041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Voevodin
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Luis M. Campos
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Xavier Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
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35
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Chakarawet K, Bunting PC, Long JR. Large Anisotropy Barrier in a Tetranuclear Single-Molecule Magnet Featuring Low-Coordinate Cobalt Centers. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:2058-2061. [PMID: 29359930 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b13394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The tetranuclear cobalt cluster compound [Co4(μ-NPtBu3)4][B(C6F5)4] (tBu = tert-butyl) was synthesized by chemical oxidation of Co4(NPtBu3)4 with [FeCp2][B(C6F5)4] and magnetically characterized to study the effect of electronic communication between low-coordinate metal centers on slow magnetic relaxation in a transition metal cluster. The dc magnetic susceptibility data reveal that the complex exhibits a well-isolated S = 9/2 ground state, which persists even to 300 K and is attributed to the existence of direct metal-metal orbital overlap. The ac magnetic susceptibility data further reveals that the complex exhibits slow magnetic relaxation in the absence of an applied field, and that the relaxation dynamics can be fit with a combination of Orbach, quantum tunneling, and Raman relaxation processes. The effective spin reversal barrier for this molecule is 87 cm-1, the largest reported to date for a transition metal cluster, and arises due to the presence of a large easy-axis magnetic anisotropy. The complex additionally exhibits waist-restricted magnetic hysteresis and magnetic blocking below 3.6 K. Taken together, these results indicate that coupling of low-coordinate metal centers is a promising strategy to enhance magnetic anisotropy and slow magnetic relaxation in transition metal cluster compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jeffrey R Long
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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36
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Konieczny P, Chorazy S, Pełka R, Bednarek K, Wasiutyński T, Baran S, Sieklucka B, Podgajny R. Double Magnetic Relaxation and Magnetocaloric Effect in the {Mn9[W(CN)8]6(4,4′-dpds)4} Cluster-Based Network. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:7089-7098. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b00733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Konieczny
- Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Radzikowskiego 152, 31-342 Kraków, Poland
| | - Szymon Chorazy
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Ingardena 3, 30-060 Kraków, Poland
| | - Robert Pełka
- Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Radzikowskiego 152, 31-342 Kraków, Poland
| | - Klaudia Bednarek
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Ingardena 3, 30-060 Kraków, Poland
| | | | - Stanisław Baran
- Department of Solid State Physics, Marian Smoluchowski Institute
of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied
Computer Science of the Jagiellonian University, Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348 Kraków, Poland
| | - Barbara Sieklucka
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Ingardena 3, 30-060 Kraków, Poland
| | - Robert Podgajny
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Ingardena 3, 30-060 Kraków, Poland
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37
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Vaddypally S, Jovinelli DJ, McKendry IG, Zdilla MJ. Covalent Metal-Metal-Bonded Mn 4 Tetrahedron Inscribed within a Four-Coordinate Manganese Cubane Cluster, As Evidenced by Unexpected Temperature-Independent Diamagnetism. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:3733-3737. [PMID: 28306252 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b00152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The electronic structures of the manganese(IV) cubane cluster Mn(μ3-NtBu)4(NtBu)4 (1) and its one-electron-oxidized analogue, the 3:1 MnIV/MnV cluster [Mn(μ3-NtBu)4(NtBu)4]+[PF6]- (1+[PF6]), are described. The S = 0 spin quantum number of 1 is explained by a diamagnetic electronic structure where all metal-based d electrons are paired in Mn-Mn bonding orbitals. Temperature- and power-dependent studies of the S = 1/2 electron paramagnetic resonance signal of 1+ are consistent with an electronic structure described as a delocalized one-electron radical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivaiah Vaddypally
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University , 1901 North 13th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Daniel J Jovinelli
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University , 1901 North 13th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Ian G McKendry
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University , 1901 North 13th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Michael J Zdilla
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University , 1901 North 13th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
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38
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Gieshoff TN, Chakraborty U, Villa M, Jacobi von Wangelin A. Alkene Hydrogenations by Soluble Iron Nanocluster Catalysts. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:3585-3589. [PMID: 28233953 PMCID: PMC5484329 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201612548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The replacement of noble metal technologies and the realization of new reactivities with earth-abundant metals is at the heart of sustainable synthesis. Alkene hydrogenations have so far been most effectively performed by noble metal catalysts. This study reports an iron-catalyzed hydrogenation protocol for tri- and tetra-substituted alkenes of unprecedented activity and scope under mild conditions (1-4 bar H2 , 20 °C). Instructive snapshots at the interface of homogeneous and heterogeneous iron catalysis were recorded by the isolation of novel Fe nanocluster architectures that act as catalyst reservoirs and soluble seeds of particle growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim N. Gieshoff
- Institute of Organic ChemistryUniversity of RegensburgUniversitätsstrasse 3193040RegensburgGermany
| | - Uttam Chakraborty
- Institute of Organic ChemistryUniversity of RegensburgUniversitätsstrasse 3193040RegensburgGermany
| | - Matteo Villa
- Institute of Organic ChemistryUniversity of RegensburgUniversitätsstrasse 3193040RegensburgGermany
| | - Axel Jacobi von Wangelin
- Institute of Organic ChemistryUniversity of RegensburgUniversitätsstrasse 3193040RegensburgGermany
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39
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Gieshoff TN, Chakraborty U, Villa M, Jacobi von Wangelin A. Alkene Hydrogenations by Soluble Iron Nanocluster Catalysts. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201612548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tim N. Gieshoff
- Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Regensburg Universitätsstrasse 31 93040 Regensburg Germany
| | - Uttam Chakraborty
- Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Regensburg Universitätsstrasse 31 93040 Regensburg Germany
| | - Matteo Villa
- Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Regensburg Universitätsstrasse 31 93040 Regensburg Germany
| | - Axel Jacobi von Wangelin
- Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Regensburg Universitätsstrasse 31 93040 Regensburg Germany
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40
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Yao XN, Du JZ, Zhang YQ, Leng XB, Yang MW, Jiang SD, Wang ZX, Ouyang ZW, Deng L, Wang BW, Gao S. Two-Coordinate Co(II) Imido Complexes as Outstanding Single-Molecule Magnets. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 139:373-380. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b11043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 278] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Nan Yao
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of
Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry
and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China
| | - Jing-Zhen Du
- State
Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of
Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Yi-Quan Zhang
- Jiangsu
Key Laboratory for NSLSCS, School of Physical Science and Technology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Xue-Bing Leng
- State
Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of
Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Mu-Wen Yang
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of
Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry
and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China
| | - Shang-Da Jiang
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of
Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry
and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China
| | - Zhen-Xing Wang
- Wuhan
National High Magnetic Field Center, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Zhong-Wen Ouyang
- Wuhan
National High Magnetic Field Center, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Liang Deng
- State
Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of
Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Bing-Wu Wang
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of
Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry
and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China
| | - Song Gao
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of
Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry
and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China
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41
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Miller DL, Siedschlag RB, Clouston LJ, Young VG, Chen YS, Bill E, Gagliardi L, Lu CC. Redox Pairs of Diiron and Iron–Cobalt Complexes with High-Spin Ground States. Inorg Chem 2016; 55:9725-9735. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b01487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Deanna L. Miller
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
| | - Randall B. Siedschlag
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
| | - Laura J. Clouston
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
| | - Victor G. Young
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
| | - Yu-Sheng Chen
- ChemMatCARS, University of Chicago, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Eckhard Bill
- Max Planck Institut für Chemische Energiekonversion, Stiftstraße
34−36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Laura Gagliardi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
- Supercomputing
Institute and Chemical Theory Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Connie C. Lu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
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Sánchez RH, Bartholomew AK, Powers TM, Ménard G, Betley TA. Maximizing Electron Exchange in a [Fe3] Cluster. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:2235-43. [PMID: 26799500 PMCID: PMC5567842 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b12181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The one-electron reduction of ((tbs)L)Fe₃(thf)¹ furnishes [M][((tbs)L)Fe₃] ([M]⁺ = [(18-C-6)K(thf)₂]⁺ (1, 76%) or [(crypt-222)K]⁺ (2, 54%)). Upon reduction, the ligand (tbs)L⁶⁻ rearranges around the triiron core to adopt an almost ideal C₃-symmetry. Accompanying the ((tbs)L) ligand rearrangement, the THF bound to the neutral starting material is expelled, and the Fe-Fe distances within the trinuclear cluster contract by ∼0.13 Å in 1. Variable-temperature magnetic susceptibility data indicates a well-isolated S = 11/2 spin ground state that persists to room temperature. Slow magnetic relaxation is observed at low temperature as evidenced by the out-of-phase (χ(M)″) component of the alternating current (ac) magnetic susceptibility data and by the appearance of hyperfine splitting in the zero-field ⁵⁷Fe Mössbauer spectra at 4.2 K. Analysis of the ac magnetic susceptibility yields an effective spin reversal barrier (U(eff)) of 22.6(2) cm⁻¹, nearly matching the theoretical barrier of 38.7 cm⁻¹ calculated from the axial zero-field splitting parameter (D = -1.29 cm⁻¹) extracted from the reduced magnetization data. A polycrystalline sample of 1 displays three sextets in the Mössbauer spectrum at 4.2 K (H(ext) = 0) which converge to a single six-line pattern in a frozen 2-MeTHF glass sample, indicating a unique iron environment and thus strong electron delocalization. The spin ground state and ligand rearrangement are discussed within the framework of a fully delocalized cluster exhibiting strong double and direct exchange interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raúl Hernández Sánchez
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Amymarie K. Bartholomew
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | | | | | - Theodore A. Betley
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
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